JP5418866B2 - Thermal decomposition apparatus and thermal decomposition method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a thermal decomposition apparatus and a thermal decomposition method.

There is known an oiling apparatus that heats waste containing plastic or synthetic resin to generate pyrolysis gas, and condenses the generated pyrolysis gas to oilize the waste (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3). 3).
Patent Document 1 JP2009-249576A
Patent Document 2 JP-A-11-216353
Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-180878

  A screw conveyor may be used for transferring waste to the oil making apparatus. However, since the screw conveyor transfers the waste using the frictional force generated between the waste and the screw as a driving force, if the waste of various shapes is mixed, the screw conveyor Is difficult to transport stably. In addition, if the waste is heated inside the screw conveyor and thermally decomposed, the physical properties such as the volume, bulk density, and viscosity of the waste change, so the waste is being transferred using the screw conveyor. It is difficult to pyrolyze.

  Then, it aims at providing the thermal decomposition apparatus and thermal decomposition method which can solve said subject in one side of this invention. This object is achieved by a combination of features described in the independent claims. The dependent claims define further advantageous specific examples of the present invention.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pyrolysis furnace in which at least a part of the pyrolysis object is pressed against the inner surface thereof, and the pyrolysis part that generates pyrolysis gas by heating the pyrolysis object; There is provided a thermal decomposition apparatus including a pumping unit that pumps a thermal decomposition target object to a thermal decomposition unit, and a condensing unit that condenses at least a part of the pyrolysis gas.

  In the above thermal decomposition apparatus, the pumping unit may be a pump capable of transferring solids. In the above thermal decomposition apparatus, the thermal decomposition unit may further include a pressing unit that is disposed inside the thermal decomposition furnace and presses the object to be decomposed against the inner surface of the thermal decomposition furnace. In the above-described thermal decomposition apparatus, the thermal decomposition furnace may include an inflow portion into which a thermal decomposition target object flows and a discharge unit that discharges a residue of the thermal decomposition target object. The pressing unit may transfer the thermal decomposition object from the inflow unit to the discharge unit.

  In the above thermal decomposition apparatus, the thermal decomposition part may be a screw conveyor, the thermal decomposition furnace may be a housing of the screw conveyor, and the pressing part may be a screw of the screw conveyor. In the above thermal decomposition apparatus, a region in which the volume of the gap between the inner surface of the housing and the screw is reduced along the axial direction of the screw may be formed inside the housing.

  In the above-described thermal decomposition apparatus, a path reduction region in which the cross-sectional area of the path of the thermal decomposition target object is reduced may be formed inside the pyrolysis furnace. The thermal decomposition apparatus may further include a residue separation unit that separates the thermal decomposition gas and the residue of the object to be decomposed. In the above thermal decomposition apparatus, the pressure feeding unit may pressure feed the thermal decomposition target to the thermal decomposition unit at a pressure at which the thermal decomposition target forms a material seal inside the thermal decomposition furnace.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, a pressure-feeding stage for pressure-feeding the pyrolysis object to the pyrolysis section for pyrolyzing the object to be pyrolyzed, and heat for heating the pyrolysis object to generate pyrolysis gas A pyrolysis method is provided comprising a cracking stage and a condensation stage for condensing at least a portion of the pyrolysis gas. The above pyrolysis method may further include a residue separation step for separating the pyrolysis gas and the residue of the pyrolysis target.

  The above summary of the invention does not enumerate all the necessary features of the present invention, and sub-combinations of these feature groups can also be the invention.

An example of thermal decomposition apparatus 100 is shown roughly. An example of the side view of pump 220 is shown roughly. An example of AA 'sectional view of pump 220 is shown roughly. An example of sectional drawing of thermal decomposition part 440 and residue separation part 460 is shown roughly. An example of screw 546 is shown roughly. An example of sectional drawing of thermal decomposition part 640 is shown roughly. An example of sectional drawing of thermal decomposition part 740 is shown roughly. An example of the elevation sectional view of residue separation part 860 is shown roughly. An example of the plane sectional view of residue separation part 860 is shown roughly.

  Hereinafter, one aspect of the present invention will be described through embodiments of the invention. However, the following embodiments do not limit the invention according to the scope of claims, and are combinations of features described in the embodiments. Not all are essential to the solution of the invention.

  FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of a thermal decomposition apparatus 100. The thermal decomposition apparatus 100 includes a pressure feeding unit 120 and a thermal decomposition unit 140. The thermal decomposition apparatus 100 may further include at least one of a residue separator 160 and a condenser 180. The thermal decomposition apparatus 100 may include a residue receiving container 162 and a product oil tank 182.

  The thermal decomposition apparatus 100 heats a thermal decomposition target object to generate a thermal decomposition gas. The pyrolysis gas includes molecules containing carbon. The thermal decomposition apparatus 100 may condense the thermal decomposition gas and collect it as a product oil. The thermal decomposition apparatus 100 may discharge a thermal decomposition target that has not been thermally decomposed as a residue. The thermal decomposition apparatus 100 may discharge the pyrolysis gas that has not been condensed as uncondensed gas.

  The pyrolysis apparatus 100 may use the produced oil as a fuel. The product oil may be refined using a distillation column or a rectification column. The residue can be used as fuel for the thermal decomposition apparatus 100 or other apparatus. The uncondensed gas can be used as a fuel for the thermal decomposition apparatus 100 or other apparatuses. The heat exhausted from the thermal decomposition apparatus 100 can be used as a heat source for a steam generator or other apparatus.

  The object to be pyrolyzed may contain an organic compound such as plastic, synthetic resin, and wood. The pyrolysis target may include organic waste such as medical waste, waste plastic, and waste wood. The thermal decomposition target object may be crushed before being put into the thermal decomposition apparatus 100. Before the thermal decomposition target object is put into the thermal decomposition apparatus 100, foreign substances such as metal, earth and sand, glass, and ceramic may be removed.

  Although the pyrolysis object may contain chlorine, it is preferable that the pyrolysis object has a small chlorine content. It is preferable that chlorine is previously removed from the thermal decomposition target before the thermal decomposition target is put into the thermal decomposition apparatus 100. The chlorine content of the pyrolysis target is preferably 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0% by mass or more and less than 0.5% by mass.

  The pumping unit 120 pumps the thermal decomposition target object to the thermal decomposition unit 140. Thereby, even if pyrolysis objects of various shapes are mixed, the pyrolysis object can be transferred to the pyrolysis unit 140. In the case where various shapes of pyrolysis objects are present, conventionally, the pyrolysis objects have been previously shaped or granulated. However, according to the present embodiment, such a pretreatment step can be omitted, and the thermal decomposition apparatus and the thermal decomposition method can be simplified. Moreover, the efficiency of thermal decomposition can be improved.

  In addition, when pyrolyzing an object to be pyrolyzed, conventionally, the temperature of the pyrolyzer is controlled so that a region in which a melt having a high viscosity is continuously present is formed inside the pyrolyzer. Was. For example, a region for controlling the temperature to 200 to 300 ° C. is provided inside the thermal decomposition apparatus, or a material charging device for melting the plastic by heating to 200 to 300 ° C. while transferring the plastic, and 400 for the molten plastic. A thermal decomposition apparatus for recovering the generated pyrolysis gas by heating to ˜500 ° C. has been provided.

  However, according to the present embodiment, since the thermal decomposition target object is pumped to the thermal decomposition unit 140, a region where a high-viscosity melt continuously exists in the thermal decomposition unit 140 is not sufficiently formed. In addition, the thermal decomposition target can be transferred while being thermally decomposed inside the thermal decomposition unit 140. Thereby, the gasification rate in the thermal decomposition part 140 can be set arbitrarily. Moreover, a thermal decomposition apparatus and a thermal decomposition method can be simplified. Furthermore, the efficiency of thermal decomposition can be improved.

The gasification rate [%] in the thermal decomposition unit 140 can be calculated by the following equation (1). In the equation _{(1), F IN} represents the mass of the pyrolysis objects thrown into the thermal decomposition section 140 [kg / h]. F _OUT represents the mass [kg / h] of the solid and liquid discharged from the thermal decomposition unit 140. Examples of the solid and liquid discharged from the thermal decomposition unit 140 include a melt of the thermal decomposition target, a residue of the thermal decomposition target, and the like.
(F _IN −F _OUT ) × 100 / F _IN (1)

  The pumping unit 120 may be a pump that can transfer solids. Examples of pumps that can transfer solids include rotary pumps, mono pumps, gear pumps, and slurry pumps. Thereby, the thermal decomposition target object can be pushed into the thermal decomposition unit 140. The pressure feeding unit 120 may transport a mixture of the thermal decomposition target object and the liquid. The liquid may be an organic compound having a flash point higher than the set temperature of the thermal decomposition unit 140.

  The pumping unit 120 may pump the object to be pyrolyzed at a pressure larger than the pressure of the gas inside the pyrolyzing unit 140. The pumping unit 120 may pump the thermal decomposition target at a pressure at which the thermal decomposition target forms a material seal in the thermal decomposition unit 140. The pumping unit 120 may pump the object to be pyrolyzed at a pressure of 0.1 to 0.5 MPa, preferably 0.2 to 0.3 MPa.

  Thereby, in the thermal decomposition part 140, a thermal decomposition target object can be utilized as a sealing material. As a result, it is possible to suppress the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis unit 140 from leaking out from the connection portion between the pumping unit 120 and the pyrolysis unit 140 or flowing back toward the pumping unit 120.

  As another example of the pressure feeding unit 120, a thermal decomposition target object may be transported using a gas. As said gas, inert gas, such as nitrogen gas, and the gas which does not contain oxygen, such as water vapor | steam, are preferable. When the pyrolysis target contains a lot of chlorine, it is preferable to use an inert gas such as nitrogen gas.

  In addition, when the pump which can transfer solid is used as the pressure feeding part 120, compared with the case where the pyrolysis target object is transferred using gas, the transfer amount can be controlled with high accuracy. Further, the scale of the condensing unit 180 can be reduced.

  The thermal decomposition unit 140 heats a thermal decomposition target object and generates a thermal decomposition gas. The thermal decomposition unit 140 may heat the thermal decomposition object in a low oxygen or oxygen-free atmosphere. The thermal decomposition unit 140 may include a thermal decomposition furnace that accommodates an object to be decomposed. The pyrolysis object is heated inside the pyrolysis furnace. At least a part of the pyrolysis object may be pressed against the inner surface of the pyrolysis furnace. Thereby, a thermal decomposition target object and a thermal decomposition furnace closely_contact | adhere. Moreover, the thermal decomposition target object is crushed and the surface area of the thermal decomposition target object increases. As a result, the heat transfer efficiency is improved.

  The pyrolysis furnace may be heated to 350 ° C. or higher and 650 ° C. or lower, preferably 400 ° C. or higher and 500 ° C. or lower. When the pyrolysis furnace is heated from the outside, the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace may be measured with a thermometer installed on the outer surface of the pyrolysis furnace. Thereby, the thermal decomposition reaction or gasification of a thermal decomposition target object can fully be advanced. Therefore, the gasification rate in the thermal decomposition part 140 is large compared with the gasification rate in the case of desalinating by heating a plastic at 200-300 degreeC. The gasification rate in the thermal decomposition part 140 may be 10% or more, preferably 15% or more, more preferably 50% or more.

  The residue separator 160 separates the pyrolysis gas and the residue of the pyrolysis target. The residue separator 160 may separate pyrolysis gas and residue using gravity, centrifugal force, electrostatic force, and magnetic force. The residue separation unit 160 may include a container that internally separates the pyrolysis gas and the residue of the pyrolysis target and temporarily stores the separated residue. The shape of the container may be a tube type or a tank type.

Setting the temperature of the residue separation unit 160, Ru der 20 ° C. or higher 400 ° C. or less. The set temperature of the residue separator 160 may be 250 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower. The set temperature of the residue separation unit 160 may be a set value of the internal temperature of the container that temporarily stores the separated residue.

  Thereby, it is possible to prevent the pyrolysis gas discharged from the pyrolysis unit 140 from being rapidly cooled. In addition, the residue discharged from the thermal decomposition unit 140 may contain a melt of the thermal decomposition target object, but while the residue is stored in the residue separation unit 160, the heat contained in the residue The melt of the decomposition target can be thermally decomposed. As a result, the recovery rate of the product oil can be improved.

  The set temperature of the residue separation unit 160 may be the same as or lower than the set temperature of the pyrolysis unit 140. The set temperature of the pyrolysis unit 140 may be a set value of the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace. The temperature difference between the set temperature of the residue separator 160 and the set temperature of the pyrolyzer 140 is 0 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower, preferably 0 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 0 ° C. or higher and 50 ° C. or lower. Good. Thereby, the thermal decomposition apparatus 100 can thermally decompose the thermal decomposition target efficiently. In particular, the thermal efficiency of the thermal decomposition apparatus 100 can be improved.

  The condensing unit 180 condenses at least a part of the pyrolysis gas. The condensing unit 180 may condense the pyrolysis gas by bringing the produced oil into contact with the pyrolysis gas. The condensing unit 180 may condense the pyrolysis gas by cooling the pyrolysis gas with a heat exchanger.

  The residue receiving container 162 stores the residue discharged from the residue separating unit 160. The residue receiving container 162 may store water therein. Thereby, a residue can be cooled. Moreover, generation | occurrence | production of dust can be suppressed by making a residue contain a water | moisture content. The product oil tank 182 stores the product oil obtained by condensing the pyrolysis gas.

  According to the above description, in the thermal decomposition part for thermally decomposing the object to be decomposed, a pressure-feeding stage for compressing the object to be decomposed, and at least a part of the object to be decomposed are thermally decomposed to generate pyrolysis gas. A pyrolysis method comprising a pyrolysis step. Also disclosed is a thermal decomposition method further comprising at least one of a condensation stage for condensing at least a part of the pyrolysis gas and a residue separation stage for separating the pyrolysis gas and the residue of the pyrolysis target.

  FIG. 2 schematically shows an example of a side view of the pump 220. FIG. 3 schematically shows an example of an AA ′ cross-sectional view of the pump 220. The pump 220 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. In FIG. 3, dotted arrows indicate the path of the pyrolysis target.

  The pump 220 may be an example of the pumping unit 120. The pump 220 may be a rotary pump that can transfer solids. Examples of the rotary pump include a rotary channel pump manufactured by Recycling and Compounding Technology.

  The pump 220 may include a hopper 230, a casing 240, a rotor 244, a drive unit 246 that rotates the rotor 244, and a scraper 346. The hopper 230 may include an opening 232 provided in the upper portion of the hopper 230, a blade 234 provided in the lower portion of the hopper 230, and a driving unit 236 that rotates the blade 234. The casing 240 may have an inflow portion 342 and a discharge portion 248.

  In the present embodiment, the hopper 230 and the casing 240 communicate with each other at the inflow portion 342. The rotor 244 and the scraper 346 are disposed inside the casing 240 and form a pump chamber 344 that serves as a path for the object of thermal decomposition. In FIG. 3, solid arrows indicate the rotation directions of the blades 234 and the rotor 244, respectively.

  The hopper 230 may be a container that temporarily stores an object to be pyrolyzed. The object to be pyrolyzed is put into the hopper 230 through the opening 232. The driving unit 236 rotates the blade 234, so that the blade 234 supplies the object to be pyrolyzed to the casing 240.

  The thermal decomposition target supplied from the hopper 230 flows into the pump chamber 344 formed inside the casing 240 via the inflow portion 342. The object to be pyrolyzed moves in the pump chamber 344 so as to be pressed against the inner surface of the casing 240 by the rotating rotor 244. The pyrolysis object to which pressure is applied inside the pump chamber 344 is discharged from the discharge unit 248. The scraper 346 peels off the thermal decomposition target that rotates together with the rotor 244 from the rotor 244.

  With the above configuration, the pump 220 can pump the pyrolysis object to the pyrolysis unit 140 even when pyrolysis objects of various shapes are mixed. For example, the pump 220 can stably pump the pyrolysis target even if the pyrolysis target includes a film-like plastic, a hard plastic fragment, a rubber lump, or the like.

  FIG. 4 schematically shows an example of a cross-sectional view of the thermal decomposition unit 440 and the residue separation unit 460. The thermal decomposition unit 440 and the residue separation unit 460 may have the same configuration as the thermal decomposition unit 140 and the residue separation unit 160, respectively. Hereinafter, the difference between the thermal decomposition unit 140 and the residue separation unit 160 will be mainly described, and common description may be omitted. In the present embodiment, the thermal decomposition unit 440 and the residue separation unit 460 will be described as an example of the case where the thermal decomposition unit 440 and the residue separation unit 460 are connected. However, the thermal decomposition unit 440 and the residue separation unit 460 are described. Is not limited to this.

  The thermal decomposition unit 440 heats the thermal decomposition target object and generates a thermal decomposition gas. The thermal decomposition unit 440 may heat the thermal decomposition target object while transferring the thermal decomposition target object. The thermal decomposition unit 440 may be a screw conveyor. The thermal decomposition unit 440 may include a housing 442, a screw 446, a driving unit 450 that rotates the screw 446, a heating unit 452, and a cooling unit 454.

  The housing 442 has a cavity serving as a path for the object of thermal decomposition inside. The housing 442 may accommodate a pyrolysis target inside. The housing 442 may have a tubular shape. The object to be pyrolyzed is heated while moving inside the housing 442, during which the pyrolysis reaction or gasification proceeds. The housing 442 may be an example of a pyrolysis furnace.

  The housing 442 may include an inflow portion 443 into which a thermal decomposition target object flows and a discharge portion 444 that discharges a residue of the thermal decomposition target object. The discharge unit 444 may also discharge pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing the pyrolysis countermeasure material. The housing 442 may have an inflow portion 443 at one end portion or in the vicinity thereof, and a discharge portion 444 at the other end portion or in the vicinity thereof.

  A path reduction region in which the cross-sectional area of the path of the thermal decomposition target object decreases may be formed inside the housing 442. When the minimum value of the cross-sectional area of the path in the path reduction area is compared with the cross-sectional area of the path in the area upstream of the path reduction area and between the inflow portion 443 and the path reduction area, the path The minimum value of the cross-sectional area of the path in the decrease region may be smaller. Thereby, even if it is a case where the volume of the thermal decomposition target object reduces in the inside of the housing | casing 442, a thermal decomposition target object can be transferred.

  Here, the cross-sectional area of the path in the housing 442 of the screw conveyor refers to the cross-sectional area of the path when the housing 442 is cut along a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the screw 446. Note that the cross-sectional area of accessories such as baffle plates and partition plates provided inside the housing 442 and the screw 446 is not included in the cross-sectional area of the path. Further, the minimum value of the cross-sectional area of the path in the path decreasing region may be larger than the cross-sectional area of the inflow portion 443.

  In the present embodiment, the case where the housing 442 has a simple tubular shape has been described. However, the housing 442 is not limited to this. For example, the housing 442 may be a double tube having an inner tube and an outer tube. A partition plate that partitions the inside of the housing 442 may be disposed inside the housing 442. Further, the arrangement and shape of the inflow portion 443 and the discharge portion 444 are not particularly limited. The center of the inflow portion 443 and the center of the discharge portion 444 may be arranged on the center line of the housing 442.

  A region in which the volume of the gap between the inner surface of the housing 442 and the screw 446 is reduced may be formed in the housing 442 along the axial direction of the screw 446. The volume of the gap between the inner surface of the housing 442 and the screw 446 may be reduced along the path of the pyrolysis target. For example, by increasing the diameter of the rotating shaft along the axial direction of the screw 446 or by reducing the pitch of the downstream blade as compared with the pitch of the upstream blade, the inner surface of the housing 442 and the screw The volume of the gap with 446 can be reduced along the axial direction of the screw 446.

  The screw 446 is disposed inside the housing 442. The screw 446 may transfer the thermal decomposition object from the inflow portion 443 toward the discharge portion 444. The screw 446 may have a rotation shaft 447 and a blade 448. The screw 446 may transfer the object to be decomposed by a frictional force between the object to be decomposed and the blade 448.

  The screw 446 may press the pyrolysis object against the inner surface of the housing 442. Thereby, the contact area of the inner surface of the housing | casing 442 and a thermal decomposition target object increases. As a result, the heat transfer efficiency is improved. Further, the object to be pyrolyzed is heated by frictional heat between the screw 446 and the object to be pyrolyzed. The screw 446 may be an example of a pressing unit.

  In the present embodiment, the case where there is one screw 446 has been described. However, the screw 446 is not limited to this. A plurality of screws 446 may be arranged. The screw 446 is not particularly limited, and the shape, material, and arrangement of the rotating shaft 447 and the blade 448 may be determined according to the specification of the object to be decomposed, the shape of the housing 442, and the like.

  For example, the shape, winding direction, or pitch of the blade 448 or the distance between the blade 448 and the housing 442 may be changed between the blade 448 on the inflow portion 443 side and the blade 448 on the discharge portion 444 side. Thereby, even if it is a case where the volume or bulk density of a thermal decomposition target object reduces in the inside of the housing | casing 442, a thermal decomposition target object can be transferred more stably.

  The heating unit 452 heats the thermal decomposition target inside the housing 442. The heating unit 452 is not particularly limited. The housing 442 may be heated with a burner, or the housing 442 may be heated by covering the outside of the housing 442 with a jacket and supplying hot air to the jacket. In the present embodiment, the heating unit 452 is disposed outside the housing 442. However, the heating unit 452 is not limited to this. For example, the heating unit 452 may be disposed inside the screw 446 and heat the object to be pyrolyzed through the screw 446.

  The cooling part 454 is disposed in the vicinity of the inflow part 443. The cooling unit 454 suppresses thermal decomposition immediately after the object of thermal decomposition flows into the housing 442. The pyrolysis object forms a material seal inside the housing 442, so that the pyrolysis gas can be prevented from leaking from the inflow portion 443. However, if the pyrolysis target is pyrolyzed immediately after flowing into the housing 442, the pyrolysis target cannot be effectively used as a sealing material. By providing the cooling part 454 in the vicinity of the inflow part 443, the thermal decomposition target can be effectively used as a sealing material.

  The residue separator 460 separates the pyrolysis gas and the residue of the pyrolysis target. The residue separation unit 460 may separate the pyrolysis gas discharged from the discharge unit 444 of the pyrolysis unit 440 and the residue. The residue separator 460 may be a rotary kiln. The residue separation unit 460 may include a kiln main body 462, a connection unit 463, a discharge unit 464, and a heating unit 472.

  The kiln body 462 may have a cylindrical shape, for example. The kiln main body 462 is rotatably connected to the thermal decomposition unit 440 and the discharge unit 464, and may be rotated or rolled by being driven by a driving unit (not shown). The connection part 463 may connect the kiln main body 462 and the thermal decomposition part 440 so that rotation is possible. The kiln main body 462 may be an example of a container that separates the pyrolysis gas and the residue of the pyrolysis target inside and temporarily stores the separated residue.

  The discharge unit 464 may include a residue discharge unit 466 that discharges residues from the residue separation unit 460 and a gas discharge unit 468 that discharges pyrolysis gas from the residue separation unit 460. The residue discharging unit 466 may discharge the residue at regular time intervals.

  The residue discharged together with the pyrolysis gas from the discharge section 444 of the pyrolysis section 440 is deposited, for example, inside the kiln body 462 and separated from the pyrolysis gas. The residue deposited inside the kiln main body 462 is transferred toward the discharge unit 464 by, for example, rotation or rolling of the kiln main body 462.

  The residue discharged from the residue discharge unit 466 may be transferred to the residue receiving container 162. The pyrolysis gas discharged from the gas discharge unit 468 may be transferred to the condensing unit 180. The heating unit 472 heats the pyrolysis gas and the residue inside the kiln main body 462. The heating unit 472 may be disposed outside the kiln main body 462.

  In the present embodiment, a screw conveyor is used as the thermal decomposition unit 140. In this case, the screw 446 presses the object to be pyrolyzed against the inner surface of the housing 442, so that the processing efficiency is improved. Moreover, since the thermal decomposition target object can be heated by the frictional heat between the screw 446 and the thermal decomposition target object, the processing efficiency is improved.

  In this embodiment, since a thermal decomposition target object is pumped by the pumping unit 120, a screw conveyor can be used as the pyrolyzing unit 140. When the object to be decomposed is melted or thermally decomposed during transfer, the volume, bulk density, or viscosity of the object to be decomposed is reduced, and the transfer efficiency of the screw 446 is reduced. However, according to the present embodiment, since there is a pyrolysis target that is pushed in at a high pressure in the vicinity of the inflow portion 443, the pyrolysis gas and the melt or residue of the pyrolysis target are directed to the discharge portion 444. And can be transported stably.

  In this embodiment, since the thermal decomposition target object is pumped by the pumping unit 120, the thermal decomposition target object can be used as a sealing material for sealing the inflow portion 443 of the housing 442. Thereby, the usage-amount of the inert gas used for the seal | sticker of the inflow part 443 can be suppressed. As a result, the scale of the condensing unit 180 can be reduced.

  FIG. 5 schematically shows an example of the screw 546. The screw 546 may be an example of a pressing unit. The screw 546 has a rotation shaft 547 and a blade 548. The screw 546, the rotation shaft 547, and the blade 548 may have the same configuration as the screw 446, the rotation shaft 447, and the blade 448, respectively. Hereinafter, differences from the screw 446 will be mainly described, and common descriptions may be omitted.

  The rotating shaft 547 may include a cross-sectional area adjusting portion 576 whose diameter increases along the axial direction of the screw 446. Thereby, the area | region where the volume of the clearance gap between the inner surface of a housing | casing and the screw 546 becomes small can be formed in the housing | casing of a screw conveyor along the axial direction of the screw 546. Moreover, the path | pass reduction area | region where the cross-sectional area of the path | route of a thermal decomposition target object reduces can be formed inside the housing | casing of a screw conveyor.

In the present embodiment, the diameter D ₅₃ at one end of the cross-sectional area adjusting portion 576 is smaller than the diameter D ₅₄ at the other end. The screw 546 may be arranged such that the side of the diameter D ₅₃ is on the upstream side of the path of the pyrolysis target. Thereby, the volume of the clearance gap between the inner surface of the housing | casing of a screw conveyor and the screw 546 can be made small along the path | route of a thermal decomposition target object.

The blades 548 may be arranged on the rotation shaft 547 at different pitches. In the present embodiment, in the region 582, a plurality of blades 548 are spaced at a pitch _{P 52.} In region 584, a plurality of blades 548 are spaced at a pitch _{P 54.} In region 586, a plurality of blades 548 are spaced at a pitch _{P 56.}

In this embodiment, the magnitude relationship between the pitches may be P ₅₂ > P ₅₄ > P ₅₆ . When the volume in the region 582 and the volume in the region 586 are compared with respect to the volume of the gap between the inner surface of the housing of the screw conveyor and the screw 546, the axial length of the region 582 and the axial length of the region 586 are as follows. Even in the same case, the volume in the region 586 is smaller than the volume in the region 582.

  Thereby, the area | region where the volume of the clearance gap between the inner surface of a housing | casing and the screw 546 becomes small can be formed in the housing | casing of a screw conveyor along the axial direction of the screw 546. The region 584 and the region 586 may be an example of a region in which the volume of the gap between the inner surface of the housing and the screw 546 decreases along the axial direction of the screw 546.

  The screw 546 may be arranged such that the region 582 side is upstream of the path of the pyrolysis target. Thereby, the volume of the clearance gap between the inner surface of the housing | casing of a screw conveyor and the screw 546 can be made small along the path | route of a thermal decomposition target object.

  In the present embodiment, for example, the case where the pitches of the plurality of blades 548 arranged in the region 582 are the same has been described. However, the arrangement of the blades 548 is not limited to this. The pitch of the blades 548 may change continuously.

  FIG. 6 schematically shows an example of a cross-sectional view of the thermal decomposition unit 640. The pyrolysis section is not based on the use of a screw conveyor. Another example of the thermal decomposition unit will be described using the thermal decomposition unit 640. The thermal decomposition unit 640 may have the same configuration as the thermal decomposition unit 140. Moreover, the thermal decomposition part 640 may have the same configuration as the thermal decomposition part 440 except that the screw 446 is not provided. Hereinafter, the difference from the thermal decomposition unit 140 or the thermal decomposition unit 440 will be mainly described, and common description may be omitted.

  The thermal decomposition unit 640 heats the thermal decomposition target object and generates a thermal decomposition gas. The thermal decomposition unit 640 may include a housing 642, a heating unit 652, and a cooling unit 654. The heating unit 652 and the cooling unit 654 may have the same configuration as the heating unit 452 and the cooling unit 454.

  The housing 642 has a cavity serving as a path for the object of thermal decomposition inside. The housing 642 may have a tubular shape. The thermal decomposition target object is heated while moving inside the housing 642, during which the thermal decomposition reaction or gasification proceeds. Since the thermal decomposition target object is pumped by the pumping unit 120, at least a part of the thermal decomposition target object is pressed against the inner surface of the housing 642. Thereby, the contact area of the inner surface of a thermal decomposition furnace and a thermal decomposition target object increases. As a result, the heat transfer efficiency is improved. The housing 642 may be an example of a pyrolysis furnace.

  The housing 642 may include an inflow portion 643, a discharge portion 644, and a cross-sectional area adjustment portion 676. The inflow portion 643 and the discharge portion 644 may have the same configuration as the inflow portion 443 and the discharge portion 444. The housing 642 may have an inflow portion 643 at one end or in the vicinity thereof, and a discharge portion 644 at the other end or in the vicinity thereof. The cross-sectional area adjustment unit 676 may be disposed between the inflow portion 643 and the discharge portion 644 to constitute a part of the path of the pyrolysis target.

The cross-sectional area adjustment unit 676 may have a truncated cone shape with a hollow inside. Thereby, compared with the area | region upstream from the cross-sectional area adjustment part 676, the cross-sectional area of the path | route of a thermal decomposition target object reduces. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the cross-sectional area adjustment unit 676 at the end of the inlet 643 side is _{D 63,} the inner diameter of the cross-sectional area adjustment unit 676 at the end of the discharge part 644 side is _{D 64, D 63>} it may be a D _64. Thereby, in the cross-sectional area adjustment part 676, the cross-sectional area of the path | route of a thermal decomposition target object reduces along the path | route of a thermal decomposition target object.

  The minimum value of the cross-sectional area of the path in the cross-sectional area adjustment unit 676 and the cross-sectional area of the path in the region 680 that is upstream of the cross-sectional area adjustment unit 676 and between the inflow part 643 and the cross-sectional area adjustment unit 676. And the minimum value of the cross-sectional area of the path in the cross-sectional area adjusting unit 676 may be smaller than the cross-sectional area of the path in the region 680. Thereby, even if it is a case where the volume of the thermal decomposition target object reduces in the inside of the housing | casing 642, a thermal decomposition target object can be transferred. The cross-sectional area adjustment unit 676 may be an example of a path reduction region.

  Here, the cross-sectional area of the path in the housing 642 refers to the cross-sectional area of the path when the housing 642 is cut along a plane perpendicular to the extending direction of the housing 642. If the extension direction of the housing 642 cannot be defined as in the case where the housing 642 is bent, the cross-sectional area of the path when the housing 642 is cut along a plane perpendicular to the center line of the path Good. Note that the cross-sectional area of accessories such as baffle plates and partition plates provided in the housing 642 is not included in the cross-sectional area of the path. Further, the minimum value of the cross-sectional area of the path in the cross-sectional area adjusting unit 676 may be larger than the cross-sectional area of the inflow portion 643.

  In this embodiment, the thermal decomposition target is pumped by the pumping unit 120. Thereby, it can be thermally decomposed, transferring a thermal decomposition target object. Further, the thermal decomposition target object can be pressed against the inner surface of the housing 642. As a result, the processing efficiency is improved.

  In the present embodiment, the housing 642 has a cross-sectional area adjustment unit 676. Thereby, even when the pyrolysis target is melted or pyrolyzed during transfer and the volume, bulk density, or viscosity of the pyrolysis target is reduced, the pyrolysis target is placed on the inner surface of the housing 642. Can be pressed.

  In this embodiment, since the thermal decomposition target object is pumped by the pumping unit 120, the thermal decomposition target object can be used as a sealing material for sealing the inflow part 643 of the housing 642. Thereby, the usage-amount of the inert gas used for the seal | sticker of the inflow part 643 can be suppressed. As a result, the scale of the condensing unit 180 can be reduced as compared with a case where a thermal decomposition target is not used as a sealing material for sealing the inflow portion 643 of the housing 642.

  In the present embodiment, the case where the casing 642 has a tubular shape has been described. However, the housing 642 is not limited to this. For example, the housing 642 may be a double tube having an inner tube and an outer tube. Further, the arrangement and shape of the inflow portion 643 and the discharge portion 644 are not particularly limited. The center of the inflow portion 643 and the center of the discharge portion 644 may be arranged on the center line of the housing 642. In the present embodiment, the case where the housing 642 does not include a screw has been described. However, the above description does not prevent the housing 642 from being provided with a screw.

  FIG. 7 schematically shows an example of a cross-sectional view of the thermal decomposition unit 740. The thermal decomposition unit 740 may include a housing 742, a heating unit 752, and a cooling unit 754. The housing 742 may include an inflow portion 743, a discharge portion 744, and a cross-sectional area adjustment portion 776. The cross-sectional area adjusting unit 776 may be disposed between the inflow portion 743 and the discharge portion 744 to constitute a part of the path of the pyrolysis target.

  The thermal decomposition unit 740 may have the same configuration as the thermal decomposition unit 640 except that the cross-sectional area adjustment unit 676 is changed to the cross-sectional area adjustment unit 776. Hereinafter, the difference from the thermal decomposition unit 640 will be mainly described, and common description may be omitted.

The cross-sectional area adjustment unit 776 has an insertion member 778 inside the housing 742. The insertion member 778 reduces the cross-sectional area of the path inside the housing 742. Thereby, compared with the area | region upstream from the cross-sectional area adjustment part 776, the cross-sectional area of the path | route of a thermal decomposition target object reduces. In the present embodiment, the insertion member 778 may have a truncated cone shape. Outer diameter of the insertion member 778 at the end of the inlet 743 side is _{D 73,} the outer diameter of the insertion member 778 at the end of the discharge part 744 side is _{D 74,} may be a _D 73 _{<D 74.} Thereby, in the cross-sectional area adjustment unit 776, the cross-sectional area of the path of the pyrolysis target object decreases along the path of the pyrolysis target object.

  The minimum value of the cross-sectional area of the path in the cross-sectional area adjuster 776 and the cross-sectional area of the path in the region 780 that is upstream of the cross-sectional area adjuster 776 and between the inflow part 743 and the cross-sectional area adjuster 776 , The minimum value of the cross-sectional area of the path in the cross-sectional area adjustment unit 776 may be smaller than the cross-sectional area of the path in the region 780. Thereby, even if it is a case where the volume of the thermal decomposition target object reduces in the inside of the housing | casing 742, a thermal decomposition target object can be transferred. The cross-sectional area adjustment unit 776 may be an example of a path reduction region.

  In the present embodiment, the case where the housing 742 does not include a screw has been described. However, the above description does not prevent the housing 742 from being provided with a screw. The thermal decomposition part 740 may have a screw in the area | region 780 between the inflow part 743 and the cross-sectional area adjustment part 776, for example.

  FIG. 8 schematically shows an example of an elevational cross-sectional view of the residue separator 860. FIG. 9 schematically shows an example of a plan sectional view of the residue separator 860. Another example of the residue separation unit will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. 8 and 9, a case where the residue separation unit 860 is connected to the thermal decomposition unit 440 will be described. The residue separator 860 may have the same configuration as the residue separator 160. Hereinafter, differences from the residue separation unit 160 will be mainly described, and common descriptions may be omitted.

  The residue separator 860 separates the pyrolysis gas and the residue of the pyrolysis target. The residue separation unit 860 may separate the pyrolysis gas discharged from the discharge unit 444 of the pyrolysis unit 440 and the residue. The residue separation unit 860 may include a separation tank 862, a connection unit 863, a baffle plate 864, a residue discharge unit 866, and a gas discharge unit 868.

  The separation tank 862 may be a container that temporarily stores the separated residue. Pyrolysis gas and residue are separated inside the separation tank 862. The connection unit 863 connects the separation tank 862 and the thermal decomposition unit 440. The baffle plate 864 prevents the residue discharged from the discharge unit 444 from being discharged from the gas discharge unit 868. The baffle plate 864 may be disposed so as to surround the periphery of the gas discharge unit 868.

  The separation tank 862 may be heated by a heating unit (not shown). For example, the lower part of the separation tank 862 may be heated. Thereby, the pyrolysis gas and residue inside the separation tank 862 can be heated.

In the present embodiment, the discharge unit 444 of the thermal decomposition unit 440 is disposed inside the separation tank 862. By adjusting the direction of the opening of the discharge unit 444, the shape of the discharge unit 444, the position of the discharge unit 444 in the separation tank 862, or the discharge speed of the residue, it is possible to suppress the uneven distribution of residues in one place and accumulation. it can. For example, the discharge unit 444 may be arranged such that the residue accumulates while rotating in the separation tank 862. At this time, if the distance between the center of the discharge part 444 and the center C of the separation tank 862 is L ₉₁ and the distance L ₉₂ between the center of the discharge part 444 and the inner surface of the separation tank 862 is L ₉₁ ≧ L ₉₂ may be provided.

  As another method for suppressing the uneven distribution of the residue, an inert gas such as nitrogen gas is supplied into the housing 442 and the flow rate of the inert gas is changed to change the discharge rate of the residue. . Further, the residue discharge speed may be changed by controlling the drive unit 450 to change the rotational speed of the screw 446.

  The residue discharged together with the pyrolysis gas from the discharge unit 444 of the pyrolysis unit 440 accumulates inside the separation tank 862. The residue accumulated in the separation tank 862 is discharged from the residue discharge unit 866. On the other hand, the pyrolysis gas is discharged from the gas discharge unit 868. Thereby, a residue and pyrolysis gas are isolate | separated. The residue discharged from the residue discharge unit 866 may be transferred to the residue receiving container 162. The pyrolysis gas discharged from the gas discharge unit 868 may be transferred to the condensing unit 180.

  As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated using embodiment, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to the range as described in the said embodiment. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications or improvements can be added to the above-described embodiment. It is apparent from the scope of the claims that the embodiments added with such changes or improvements can be included in the technical scope of the present invention.

  The execution order of each process such as operations, procedures, steps, and stages in the apparatus, system, program, and method shown in the claims, the description, and the drawings is particularly “before” or “prior”. It should be noted that they can be implemented in any order unless the output of the previous process is used in the subsequent process. Regarding the operation flow in the claims, the description, and the drawings, even if it is described using “first”, “next”, etc. for the sake of convenience, it means that it is essential to carry out in this order. is not.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Thermal decomposition apparatus, 120 Pressure sending part, 140 Thermal decomposition part, 160 Residue separation part, 162 Residue receptacle, 180 Condensing part, 182 Production oil tank, 220 Pump, 230 Hopper, 232 opening, 234 blade, 236 Drive part, 240 Casing, 244 rotor, 246 drive unit, 248 discharge unit, 342 inflow unit, 344 pump chamber, 346 scraper, 440 thermal decomposition unit, 442 casing, 443 inflow unit, 444 discharge unit, 446 screw, 447 rotating shaft, 448 blade , 450 drive unit, 452 heating unit, 454 cooling unit, 460 residue separation unit, 462 kiln main body, 463 connection unit, 464 discharge unit, 466 residue discharge unit, 468 gas discharge unit, 472 heating unit, 546 screw, 547 rotating shaft 548 blades, 576 sectional area tone Part, 582 region, 584 region, 586 region, 640 thermal decomposition part, 642 housing, 643 inflow part, 644 discharge part, 652 heating part, 654 cooling part, 676 cross-sectional area adjustment part, 680 region, 740 thermal decomposition part, 742 Case, 743 Inflow part, 744 Discharge part, 752 Heating part, 754 Cooling part, 776 Cross section adjustment part, 778 Insertion member, 780 region, 860 Residue separation part, 862 Separation tank, 863 connection part, 864 Baffle plate, 866 Residue discharge section, 868 Gas discharge section

Claims (4)

A pyrolysis furnace in which at least a part of an object to be pyrolyzed is pressed against an inner surface thereof, and a pyrolyzing unit that generates pyrolysis gas by heating the object to be pyrolyzed;
A pumping unit that pumps the pyrolysis object to the pyrolyzing unit;
A condensing unit shall be the product oil by aggregating at least a portion of the pyrolysis gas,
A residue separation unit that separates the pyrolysis gas and the residue of the pyrolysis object at 20 ° C. or more and 400 ° C. or less ;
The pumping unit is a pump capable of transferring solids,
The thermal decomposition part is further disposed inside the thermal decomposition furnace, and further includes a pressing part that presses the object to be decomposed against the inner surface of the thermal decomposition furnace,
The pyrolysis furnace has an inflow part into which the pyrolysis object flows and an exhaust part that discharges the residue of the pyrolysis object, and is configured to be heated to 350 ° C. or more and 650 ° C. or less. ,
The pressing part transfers the pyrolysis object from the inflow part to the discharge part,
The pyrolysis part is a screw conveyor, the pyrolysis furnace is a housing of the screw conveyor, the pressing part is a screw of the screw conveyor,
The thermal decomposition apparatus in which the area | region where the volume of the clearance gap between the inner surface of the said housing | casing and the said screw becomes small is formed inside the said housing | casing along the axial direction of the said screw . The thermal decomposition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a path reduction region in which a cross-sectional area of a path of the pyrolysis target object is reduced is formed in the pyrolysis furnace. The pressure feeding unit pressure feeds the pyrolysis object to the pyrolysis unit at a pressure at which the pyrolysis object forms a material seal inside the pyrolysis furnace.
The thermal decomposition apparatus of Claim 1 or 2 . A pressure-feeding step of pressure-feeding the thermal decomposition target object to a thermal decomposition unit that thermally decomposes the thermal decomposition target object;
A pyrolysis step of heating the pyrolysis object to generate pyrolysis gas;
A condensing step for condensing at least a part of the pyrolysis gas into a product oil ;
A residue separation step of separating the pyrolysis gas and the residue of the pyrolysis object at 20 ° C. or more and 400 ° C. or less,
The pyrolysis section includes a pyrolysis furnace and a pressing section that is arranged inside the pyrolysis furnace and presses the object to be pyrolyzed against the inner surface of the pyrolysis furnace, and the pyrolysis section is a screw conveyor The pyrolysis furnace is a housing of the screw conveyor, and the pressing portion is a screw of the screw conveyor, and the inner surface of the housing extends along the axial direction of the screw inside the housing. A region where the volume of the gap with the screw is reduced is formed,
In the pumping stage, the thermal decomposition target is pumped by a pump capable of transferring solids,
In the pyrolysis step, while the casing of the screw conveyor is heated to 350 ° C. or more and 650 ° C. or less, the pyrolysis object is caused to flow into the screw conveyor from the inflow portion of the screw conveyor, The thermal decomposition target is transferred from the inflow part toward the discharge part of the screw conveyor, the residue of the thermal decomposition target is discharged from the discharge part to the outside of the screw conveyor, and the thermal decomposition target is within the region. A thermal decomposition method in which an object is heated while being pressed against the inner surface of the casing by the screw .

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