JP5655189B2 - Asbestos scattering prevention method - Google Patents
Asbestos scattering prevention method Download PDFInfo
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- JP5655189B2 JP5655189B2 JP2010045835A JP2010045835A JP5655189B2 JP 5655189 B2 JP5655189 B2 JP 5655189B2 JP 2010045835 A JP2010045835 A JP 2010045835A JP 2010045835 A JP2010045835 A JP 2010045835A JP 5655189 B2 JP5655189 B2 JP 5655189B2
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- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 title claims description 63
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000033116 Asbestos intoxication Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010040844 Skin exfoliation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010003441 asbestosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010014561 Emphysema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010035600 Pleural fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052891 actinolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052885 anthophyllite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052620 chrysotile Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006178 malignant mesothelioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052889 tremolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ULEFFCDROVNTRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;disodium;dihydroxy(oxo)silane;iron(3+) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].O[Si](O)=O.O[Si](O)=O.O[Si](O)=O.O[Si](O)=O.O[Si](O)=O.O[Si](O)=O.O[Si](O)=O.O[Si](O)=O ULEFFCDROVNTRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;hydroxy(trioxido)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
Description
本発明は、主として断熱材として天井や壁・柱等の基材に吹き付けられたアスベストの飛散防止を目的としてこれを封じ込める工法に係るものである。 The present invention according to the method of containing it for the purpose of mainly heat insulating material as a ceiling or wall-column base to the blown shatterproof of asbestos, such as.
近年、断熱材などに使用されたアスベストの老化・劣化・剥離飛散が大きな問題となり、いわゆるアスベスト公害として重大な問題となっている。即ち、軽量・微細なアスベストは、大気中に飛散されやすく、その形状が魚の小骨のように尖鋭で、粘膜等に突き刺さると人間の自浄作用では排出が難しい物質である。 In recent years, aging, deterioration, and scattering of asbestos used for heat insulating materials have become a major problem, which is a serious problem as so-called asbestos pollution. That is, lightweight and fine asbestos is a substance that is easily scattered in the atmosphere, has a sharp shape like a fish bone, and is difficult to discharge by human self-cleaning action when pierced into a mucous membrane or the like.
このため、様々な健康障害・疾病を引き起こすことが言われており、アスベストの吸引によって胸膜尖（胸膜肥厚）が起きたり、石綿肺（アスベスト症）、肺気腫、更には悪性中皮腫や肺ガンを引き起こすことが指摘されている。しかもこれらの障害は疾病や吸引後１０〜２０年経過してから発症すると言われるだけに、現在できるだけ速やかに対策を講じる必要がある。 For this reason, it is said to cause various health problems and diseases. Asbestos inhalation causes pleural apex (pleural thickening), asbestosis (asbestosis), emphysema, and malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer. Has been pointed out to cause. Moreover, since it is said that these disorders develop after illness or inhalation after 10 to 20 years, measures need to be taken as soon as possible.
従って、天井等に吹き付けられたアスベストは、解体作業者が完全防護服を着て、特に周辺に飛散することがないように樹脂製のシートにて作業現場を囲む等の対策を講じてから剥離し、その後廃棄処分とする手段が取られていた。しかしながら、作業者に対しての安全管理は極めて厳重にされなくてはならず、しかも大気に飛散しやすいために周辺にこれが飛び散らないようにする対策も極めて大掛かりなものとなっている。しかも、剥離されたアスベストはそのまま廃棄処分とするわけにはゆかず、しかも腐食しにくいことからその処分時にも作業者の健康、周辺への飛散防止が求められ、永久的な処理対策が立てられなくてはならなかった。 Therefore, asbestos sprayed on the ceiling, etc. is peeled off after dismantling workers wear complete protective clothing and take measures such as surrounding the work site with a resin sheet so that it will not be scattered around. After that, measures were taken for disposal. However, safety management for workers must be made very strict, and since it is easy to scatter to the atmosphere, measures to prevent it from scattering to the surroundings are extremely large. In addition, the asbestos that has been peeled off cannot be disposed of as it is, and it is difficult to corrode. I had to.
現在、アスベスト及びアスベスト含有物質は特別管理産業廃棄物として最終処分場に埋め立てられているがこれにも限度がある。そのため、従来より種々のアスベストの無害化処理技術が提案されている。その代表的なものとしては、例えば、特許文献１に提案される密閉型電気炉溶解法がある。 At present, asbestos and asbestos-containing materials are landfilled in the final disposal site as specially controlled industrial waste, but there are limits to this. For this reason, various asbestos detoxification techniques have been proposed. A typical example is a closed electric furnace melting method proposed in Patent Document 1.
又、アスベスト無害化処理工法として特許文献２がある。これによれば、アスベストとフロン分解物を混合し、この混合物を加熱処理することにとってアスベストを無害化することができるという技術である。 Moreover, there exists patent document 2 as an asbestos detoxification processing method. According to this, asbestos can be rendered harmless by mixing asbestos and a CFC decomposition product and heat-treating the mixture.
しかしながら、前記したようにアスベスト層を剥離する際に多量の粉塵が発生することは避けられず、かつ、処理のためのアスベストの移送中にも粉塵の発生があり、作業者や近隣の人にまで影響があることは否めず、実用化には大きな課題がある。 However, as described above, it is inevitable that a large amount of dust is generated when the asbestos layer is peeled off, and dust is also generated during the transfer of asbestos for processing. It cannot be denied that there is an influence, and there is a big problem in practical use.
本発明の目的は、アスベストを無害化する処理に際して、予め、アスベストを非飛散状態としておくことを目的としたものであり、無害化作業中、或いは、無害化処理までの間にアスベストを安全な状態としておくことを目的とするものである。 The purpose of the present invention is to preliminarily place asbestos in a non-scattering state in the process of detoxifying asbestos, and asbestos is safe during the detoxification operation or before detoxification treatment. The purpose is to keep it in a state.
本発明の要旨は、アスベスト（アスベスト含有副資材を含む）を水ガラス溶液と混合する第１工程、アルコールを前記水ガラス液に加える第２工程、水ガラスとアルコールが前記アスベストを内包しつつ反応・固形化するまで攪拌する第３工程、得られた固形物を加圧して水分を除去し硬質な固形物を得るまでの第４工程、とからなるアスベストの飛散防止処理法である。 The gist of the present invention is a first step of mixing asbestos (including asbestos-containing auxiliary materials) with a water glass solution, a second step of adding alcohol to the water glass solution, water glass and alcohol reacting while containing the asbestos. -Asbestos scattering prevention method comprising the third step of stirring until solidification and the fourth step of pressing the obtained solid to remove moisture to obtain a hard solid .
本発明により、建築物等の基材の表面に吹き付けられたアスベストを前記したような永久的な無害化処理を遂行する前まで、充分安定な形状と非飛散性の状態を保持でき、のみならず、無害化処理を遂行するに際して、これを安全に運搬でき、その作業性も安全が確保されることとなったものである。 The present invention, an asbestos sprayed onto the surface of the base material of architectural, etc. before performing a permanent detoxification as described above, can maintain sufficient stable shape and non-scattering of the condition, only Instead, when carrying out the detoxification process, it can be safely transported and its workability is also ensured.
即ち、飛散性のあるアスベストを所望の形状に固化・成形することにより、かかるアスベストの保管を容易とし、運搬時のアスベスト飛散防止が図れることとなったものである。 That is, by solidifying and molding the asbestos with fluffy into a desired shape, the storage of such asbestos is facilitated, in which asbestos scattering prevention during transportation becomes possible improved.
本発明のアスベスト処理工法は、段落００１０項に記載する第１工程〜第４工程からなり、アスベストを水ガラスとアルコールとを反応させて得られるシリコン樹脂中に封じ込める技術である。反応構造的にいえば、水ガラスにアルコールを加えると重合が進行し、Si−O−Si結合がさらに形成されてゴム状のポリシロキサン（[Si−O−]n）のゲル状を呈し、このゲルの網目中にアスベスト成分が取り込まれて非飛散固化が達成されるものである。尚、処理できるアスベストとしては特に限定されるものではなく、クリソタイル、クロシドライト、アモサイト、アンソフイライト、トレモライト、アクチノライト等の全てのアスベストであり、通常これらは、針状・粉状・綿状にて水ガラスに投入される。 The asbestos treatment method of the present invention comprises the first to fourth steps described in paragraph 0010, and is a technique for enclosing asbestos in a silicon resin obtained by reacting water glass with alcohol. In terms of reaction structure, when alcohol is added to water glass, polymerization proceeds, Si—O—Si bonds are further formed to form a rubber-like polysiloxane ([Si—O—] n) gel, The asbestos component is taken into the gel network and non-scattering solidification is achieved. In addition, asbestos that can be treated is not particularly limited, and is all asbestos such as chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite, tremolite, actinolite, etc. These are usually needle-like, powder-like, cotton-like It is thrown into water glass.
「第１工程」
アスベスト（要すれば、アスベスト含有副資材等を含む）を水ガラス溶液と混合する工程である。投入されるアスベストは通常は綿状としたものである。用いられる水ガラスは、単一化合物ではなくNa2O・ｎSiO2なる化学式で表される液体である。この水ガラスの例としては、JIS-K-1408の表１及び表２にて示されるケイ酸ナトリウム或いはケイ酸ソーダである。尚、かかるアスベストの量は、混合時アスベストの形態にもよるが、水ガラス１重量部に対し、最大７重量部程度までは可能である。
"First step"
This is a step of mixing asbestos (including asbestos-containing auxiliary materials if necessary) with a water glass solution. The asbestos that is introduced is usually cottony. The water glass used is not a single compound but a liquid represented by the chemical formula Na 2 O · nSiO 2 . Examples of this water glass are sodium silicate or sodium silicate shown in Tables 1 and 2 of JIS-K-1408. In addition, although the quantity of this asbestos is based also on the form of asbestos at the time of mixing, about 7 weight part or less at maximum is possible with respect to 1 weight part of water glass.
「第２工程」
この工程は、水ガラスと反応させるアルコールを加える工程である。アルコールとしては、エチルアルコール（CH3CH2OH）が最も好ましい。
"Second step"
This step is a step of adding alcohol to be reacted with water glass. As the alcohol, ethyl alcohol (CH 3 CH 2 OH) is most preferable.
「第３工程」
この工程は、アスベストを内包しつつ水ガラスとアルコールとを反応させて固形物を得る工程である。固形物はこの状態ではゼリー状を呈する。このため、具体的には、両者を充分反応させるために、攪拌手段を付加するのが良い。
"Third step"
This step is a step of obtaining a solid by reacting water glass with alcohol while enclosing asbestos. In this state, the solid material has a jelly shape. Therefore, specifically, a stirring means is preferably added in order to sufficiently react both.
「第４工程」
この工程は、得られたゼリー状の反応・固形物を形状を崩さない程度に加圧し、反応によって得られた水分を浸み出させて成形し、硬質の固形物を得る工程である。余り大きな力を加えると、固形物が崩れてしまうので注意を要する。
"4th process"
In this step, the obtained jelly-like reaction / solid is pressurized to such an extent that the shape is not lost, and the water obtained by the reaction is leached and molded to obtain a hard solid . If too much force is applied, care should be taken as the solid material will collapse.
このように、本発明にあっては、アスベストの非飛散性、減容積化、安定形状が保たれることとなる。即ち、飛散性が強く言われているアスベスト分が高分子化合物（ポリシロキサン）の中に埋め込まれる状態となり、最終処分されるまでの間安定した状態で保管可能となったものである。 Thus, in the present invention, the non-scattering property, volume reduction, and stable shape of asbestos are maintained. That is, the asbestos component, which is said to be highly scattering, is embedded in the polymer compound (polysiloxane) and can be stored in a stable state until final disposal.
本発明の特徴について更に言えば、上記の無害化処理の場所は特に限定されることはなく、場合によっては、アスベストを剥離・粉砕する作業現場でこの工程までを行って安全性を確保し、その後の運搬をしやすくし、これを別の場所へ移動して最終処分工程に移すことも可能となったものである。 To further describe the features of the present invention, the place of the above detoxification treatment is not particularly limited, and in some cases, this process is performed at the work site where asbestos is peeled and crushed to ensure safety, After that, it became easy to carry, and it was also possible to move it to another place and move it to the final disposal process.
ここで副資材について言及すれば、例えば、アスベストを剥離する作業現場を完全に覆う養生シ−トであり、或いはアスベストを入れる袋であり、更には、作業者がまとう作業着も同様である。 Here, when referring to the auxiliary material, for example, it is a curing sheet that completely covers the work site where asbestos is peeled off, or a bag into which asbestos is put, and furthermore, work clothes worn by the worker are the same.
本発明の一例を工程順に従って説明すると、建材などに用いられたアスベスト含有片（アスベスト含有５％の綿状）１００ｇを水ガラス（Na2O・SiO2）液３０ｇと混合した。次いで、エチルアルコールを５ｍｌ加えて反応・固化するまで攪拌した。得られたゼリー状の固形物を周囲より加圧し、水分を浸み出させて硬質の固形物を得た。 Describing an example of the present invention according to the order of steps, 100 g of asbestos-containing pieces (asbestos-containing 5% cotton) used for building materials and the like were mixed with 30 g of a water glass (Na 2 O · SiO 2 ) solution. Next, 5 ml of ethyl alcohol was added and stirred until reaction and solidification. The obtained jelly-like solid was pressurized from the surroundings, and moisture was leached to obtain a hard solid.
この硬質の固形物は、硬化が進んでおり、手で押したくらいではつぶれることはなく、しかもその内部にアスベスト成分が完全に取り込まれており、この固形物からのアスベストの飛散は全くなかった。 The hard solid was hardened and did not crush as much as it was pushed by hand, and the asbestos component was completely taken into it, and there was no scattering of asbestos from the solid. .
（エアーエロージョン試験）
板状に成形した固形物を乾湿繰り返した後、ドライヤーにて風を送って状況を観察した。板状固形物の膨れ、割れ、剥がれなどは全く発生しなかった。
(Air erosion test)
After the solid material formed into a plate was dried and wet repeatedly, the situation was observed by sending air with a dryer. No swelling, cracking or peeling of the plate-like solid occurred.
（衝撃試験）
アスベスト粉塵飛散防止専門委員会規定の飛散防止処理剤標準試験方法に準拠して試験を行った。板状固形物を乾湿繰り返した後、鋼球を１ｍ上から落下させる方法である。板状固形物にくぼみ、脱落、割れ、剥がれなどは全くなかった。
(Impact test)
The test was conducted in accordance with the standard test method for the anti-scattering agent prescribed by the Asbestos Dust Splash Prevention Expert Committee. This is a method in which a steel ball is dropped from above 1 m after repeated drying and wetting of a plate-like solid material. There were no dents, dropouts, cracks or peelings in the plate-like solid.
（水溶試験）
常温にて水中に浸漬したが、全く溶けなかった。
(Water solubility test)
Although it was immersed in water at room temperature, it did not dissolve at all.
（最終処分の一例）
本発明者らは、既に特許文献３にて効率の良いアスベストの最終処分法を提案している。この最終処分法に本発明の成形物がそのまま適用可能である。即ち、本発明にて得られた固形物を炉中に導き、加熱することによって処理するものである。具体的には、アスベスト固形物を電気炉内にて約７００℃にて加熱・溶融するものである。これによって、アスベストの繊維形態の消滅、結晶構造の崩壊等を引き起こして無害化できたものである。
(Example of final disposal)
The present inventors have already proposed an efficient final disposal method for asbestos in Patent Document 3 . The molded product of the present invention can be applied to this final disposal method as it is. That is, the solid material obtained in the present invention is introduced into a furnace and treated by heating. Specifically, the asbestos solid is heated and melted at about 700 ° C. in an electric furnace. As a result, the asbestos fiber form disappeared, the crystal structure collapsed, and the like were made harmless.
本発明はアスベストの事前処理法を提供するものであり、前記したような永久的な無害化処理を行うまで、充分安定な形状を保ち、そして非飛散性の状態を保持することができるようになったものである。更に、アスベストの処理に当たって、基本的に加熱手段が必要ではなく、しかも使用する薬剤が比較的安価であり、その作業性もよく、極めて実用性の高い技術である。このように、本発明にあっては、アスベストの最終処分が行われる間の安全性、最終処分場への運搬時の安全性が確保されることとなったものである。更には、運搬時の減容による輸送効率向上やコストの削減、アスベスト無害化処理の際の加熱無害化装置への供給と無害化処理の安定化、CO 2 の大幅な削減が期待される。 The present invention provides a pretreatment method for asbestos, so that a sufficiently stable shape can be maintained and a non-scattering state can be maintained until the permanent detoxification treatment as described above is performed. It has become. Furthermore, in the treatment of asbestos, basically no heating means is required, and the chemicals used are relatively inexpensive, have good workability, and are extremely practical. Thus, in the present invention, safety during the final disposal of asbestos and safety during transportation to the final disposal site are ensured. In addition, it is expected to improve transportation efficiency and reduce costs by reducing the volume during transportation, supply to the heat detoxification device during asbestos detoxification, stabilization of detoxification, and significant reduction of CO 2 .
尚、安定な形状を保つ（安定化）点についてその特徴を更に言えば、最終処分に当たって、アスベストの定量供給、定量処理を可能としたものであり、かかる点でも、その利用可能性はきわめて高い。 In addition, the characteristics of the point of maintaining a stable shape (stabilization) can be further described. As a result, asbestos can be quantitatively supplied and processed at the final disposal, and even in this respect , its applicability is extremely high. .
更に、実施例でも分かるように、本発明はその処理工程で基本的に熱を使わず、化学反応のみで処理を完成したものである。この種の処理作業にあっては、作業現場は密閉空間であるため高温になり、更に防護服を着て作業するため、アスベスト処理のための熱源を持ち込むのは現実的ではない。本発明はかかる点でもきわめて優れた発明であるといえる。 Furthermore, as can be seen from the examples, the present invention is basically a process that uses only chemical reaction without using heat in the process. In this type of treatment work, the work site is a sealed space, and thus becomes hot. Further, since work is carried out wearing protective clothing, it is not realistic to bring in a heat source for asbestos treatment. In this respect, the present invention can be said to be an extremely excellent invention.
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