JP5955379B2 - 揮発性有機化合物の検出方法 - Google Patents
揮発性有機化合物の検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5955379B2 JP5955379B2 JP2014505175A JP2014505175A JP5955379B2 JP 5955379 B2 JP5955379 B2 JP 5955379B2 JP 2014505175 A JP2014505175 A JP 2014505175A JP 2014505175 A JP2014505175 A JP 2014505175A JP 5955379 B2 JP5955379 B2 JP 5955379B2
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- capacitance
- conductive electrode
- sensor element
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Images
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- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
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- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
- G01N21/783—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour for analysing gases
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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Description
a)センサ素子を準備する工程であって、センサ素子が、反射導電性電極と、半反射導電性電極と、反射導電性電極と半反射導電性電極との間に挟まれた光透過性の微多孔性誘電体材料を含む検出層とを含み、半反射導電性電極及び反射導電性電極のうちの少なくとも1つが、検体蒸気に透過性である、工程と、
b)ある温度及び湿度レベルにおける、センサ素子の基準静電容量及び基準反射スペクトルを決定する工程と、
c)検体蒸気に曝露してセンサ素子の静電容量を得て、測定された静電容量を得る工程と、
d)検体蒸気に曝露しながらセンサ素子の反射スペクトルを得て、スペクトル特性を含む測定された反射スペクトルを得る工程と、
e)センサ素子の真の静電容量を得る工程であって、真の静電容量が、測定された静電容量からセンサ素子の基準静電容量を引いた静電容量と等しい、工程と、
f)スペクトル特性の波長シフトを得る工程であって、スペクトル特性の波長シフトが、基準反射スペクトル及び測定された反射スペクトルにおけるスペクトル特性の波長差と等しい、工程と、
g)真の静電容量及びスペクトル特性の波長シフト、又は少なくとも1つのそれらの微分係数を参照ライブラリと照らし合わせる工程であって、参照ライブラリが、複数の参照検体蒸気についての、スペクトル特性の波長シフトと真の静電容量との間の参照相関、又は少なくとも1つのそれらの微分係数を含む、工程と、
h)検体蒸気の化学分類又は正体のうちの少なくとも1つを決定する工程と、を含む。
材料(例えば、導電性電極)の層に関する用語「透過性」とは、層が存在する領域において、層が十分に多孔性であるために、その厚みを通して、少なくとも1つの有機化合物に対して非反応的に透過性である(例えば、25℃にて)ことを意味し、
用語「基準静電容量」とは、検体の存在なしに観察される静電容量を意味し、
用語「真の静電容量」とは、観察される静電容量から基準静電容量を差し引いたものを意味し、
反射スペクトルに関する用語「スペクトル特性」とは、例えば、頂点(最大反射)、底点(最小反射)、又は変曲点といった、反射スペクトルの識別可能な特性を意味する。(1つ又は複数の)スペクトル特性の大きさ(強度)及び/又は波長は、検体の存在に応じて変化し得る。(例えば、検体濃度の変化により)1つ以上の頂点の位置又は大きさがシフトする時、光検波器が検出する反射光の量、スペクトル分布、又は強度は、変化し得る。
参照ライブラリは、真の静電容量(及び/又はそれらの微分係数)と、基準反射スペクトルと測定された反射スペクトルとの間の少なくとも1つのスペクトル特性の波長シフトとの間の複数の参照相関を含む。参照ライブラリは、本明細書に記載されるように、一般に実質的に同じ設計のセンサ素子を用いて、実質的に同じ条件下で、複数の濃度で多数の検体蒸気を直接観察することにより作成された参照相関を含む。図2に、概念を図示した代表的な参照ライブラリを示す。
モノマー、5,5’,6,6’−テトラヒドロキシ−3,3,3’,3’−テトラメチル−1,1’−スピロビスインダン及びテトラフルオロテレフタロニトリルから、BuddらによりAdvanced Material,2004,Vol.16,No.5,pp.456〜459に報告されている手順に概ね従って、PIM(固有微多孔性ポリマー)を調製した。5,5’,6,6’−テトラヒドロキシ−3,3,3’,3’−テトラメチル−1,1’−スピロビスインダン(100.00グラム(g))を、59.219gのテトラフルオロテレフタロニトリル、243.6gの炭酸カリウム、及び2543.6gのN,N−ジメチルホルムアミドと組み合わせ、混合物を68℃で72時間反応させた。重合混合物を水中に注ぎ、沈殿を真空濾過により単離した。得られたポリマーをテトラヒドロフランに2回溶解させ、エタノールから沈殿させ、室温で風乾した。光散乱検出を用いたゲル透過クロマトグラフィー分析による測定で、約40,800g/モルの数平均分子量を有する黄色い固体生成物を得た。
センサ素子をPGOガラススライド(ガラス番号0050−0050−0010−GF−CA、50mm×50mm,厚さ1.1mm、材料C−263、表面80/50、Precision Glass & Optics(Santa Ana California)から入手)上で調製し、これをLIQUI−NOX洗剤溶液(Alconox,Inc.(White Plains,New York)から入手)に30〜60分間浸すことにより洗浄し、続いてスライドの両面を毛ブラシでスクラビングし、温水道水ですすぎ洗いし、その後脱イオン水(DI水)で最終すすぎ洗いをした。スライドは、表面への粉塵の堆積を防止するために風乾で遮蔽された。Entegris(Chaska,Minnesota)から入手した7.6cm(3インチ)のウエファーキャリア内に、乾燥した清潔なスライドを保管した。
試験前に、熱対流炉を使用してセンサ素子を180℃で30分間焼成した。すべての試験は、DRIERITE乾燥剤(W.A.Hammond Drierite Co.Ltd.(Xenia,Ohio)製)に通過させて除湿し、続いて活性炭に通過させてすべての有機汚染物質(organic contaminates)を除去した空気中で実施された。試験チャンバは、1回に4つのセンサ試料の測定が可能であった。蒸気試験は、システムを通過する10L/分の乾燥空気流を用いて実施した。様々な蒸気レベルを、500マイクロリットルの気密シリンジ(Hamilton Company(Reno,Nevada)から入手)を装着したKD Scientificシリンジポンプ(KD Scientific Inc.(Holliston,Massachusetts)から入手可能)を用いて生成した。シリンジポンプは、500mLの三つ口フラスコ内に吊り下げられた1片の濾紙上に有機液体を供給した。紙を通過する乾燥空気流が溶媒を蒸発させた。シリンジポンプを制御することによって様々な速度で溶媒を供給すると、様々な濃度の蒸気が発生した。シリンジポンプは、試験実施中に蒸気プロファイルを生成できるLABVIEW(National Instruments(Austin,Texas)から入手可能なソフトウェア)プログラムで制御した。MIRAN IR分析器(Thermo Fischer Scientific,Inc.(Waltham,Massachusetts)から入手可能)を用いて、設定濃度を確認した。半反射導電性電極及び反射導電性電極全体に周波数1000Hzで1ボルトを印加する、Agilent LCRメーター(Agilent Technologies,Inc.,(Santa Clara,California)製Precision LCR Meter、モデルE4980A)で、静電容量及び損失係数を測定した。センサの温度をフレキシブルヒーター、熱電対、及びフィードバックループ制御プログラムを使用して制御した。フレキシブルヒーター(Omega Engineering,Incから入手可能)をアルミニウム板の下に配置し、熱電対をアルミニウム板とフレキシブルヒーターとの間に配置した。センサをアルミニウム板の上に配置した。センサ上の実温度を、センサ上の熱電対及びアルミニウム板の下の熱電対を使用して調整した(calibrated)。実用温度は55℃であった。静電容量データを、シリンジポンプ及び温度を制御する同じLABVIEWプログラムを使用して収集及び保存した。
反射分光システム(Ocean Opticsから入手可能、モデルJaz)を使用して、反射スペクトル中の底点(即ち最小点)の波長シフトを決定した。反射式光学プローブを、コンデンサ構造の10mm×9mmの活動領域の上部に配置した。600nmに位置する反射スペクトル底点位置を使用して波長シフトを測定した。
センサ素子の調製方法で説明されるように調製したセンサ素子を使用した、様々なVOC蒸気の様々な濃度における静電容量及び光電子の同時測定を、上記のそれぞれの方法に従い実施した。結果を表2〜10(以下)に報告するが、ここでは、反射スペクトル底点の波長シフトは、約600nmにて現れる反射スペクトルの底点を示す。
実施例1で静電容量及び光電子応答の測定を完了した3ヶ月後に、同じセンサ素子を2つの未知の模擬VOC蒸気に曝露した。1つはトルエン(3ppm)で、もう1つはメチルエチルケトン(MEK、12ppm)であった。表11(下記)に、実施例1で使用された方法に従って静電容量及び光電子の同時測定から得られた結果を報告する。
第1の実施形態では、本開示は、センサ素子の使用方法を提供し、この方法は、
a)センサ素子を準備する工程であって、センサ素子が、反射導電性電極と、半反射導電性電極と、反射導電性電極と半反射導電性電極との間に挟まれた光透過性の微多孔性誘電体材料を含む検出層とを含み、半反射導電性電極及び反射導電性電極のうちの少なくとも1つが、検体蒸気に透過性である、工程と、
b)ある温度及び湿度レベルにおける、センサ素子の基準静電容量及び基準反射スペクトルを決定する工程と、
c)検体蒸気に曝露してセンサ素子の静電容量を得て、測定された静電容量を得る工程と、
d)検体蒸気に曝露しながらセンサ素子の反射スペクトルを得て、スペクトル特性を含む測定された反射スペクトルを得る工程と、
e)センサ素子の真の静電容量を得る工程であって、真の静電容量が、測定された静電容量からセンサ素子の基準静電容量を引いた静電容量と等しい、工程と、
f)スペクトル特性の波長シフトを得る工程であって、スペクトル特性の波長シフトが、基準反射スペクトル及び測定された反射スペクトルにおけるスペクトル特性の波長差と等しい、工程と、
g)真の静電容量及びスペクトル特性の波長シフト、又は少なくとも1つのそれらの微分係数を参照ライブラリと照らし合わせる工程であって、参照ライブラリが、複数の参照検体蒸気についての、スペクトル特性の波長シフトと真の静電容量との間の参照相関、又は少なくとも1つのそれらの微分係数を含む、工程と、
h)検体蒸気の化学分類又は正体のうちの少なくとも1つを決定する工程と、を含む。
Claims (1)
- a)センサ素子を準備する工程であって、前記センサ素子が、反射導電性電極と、半反射導電性電極と、前記反射導電性電極と前記半反射導電性電極との間に挟まれた、光透過性の微多孔性誘電体材料を含む検出層とを含み、前記半反射導電性電極及び前記反射導電性電極のうちの少なくとも1つが、検体蒸気に対して透過性である、工程と、
b)ある温度及び湿度レベルにおける、前記センサ素子の基準静電容量及び基準反射スペクトルを決定する工程と、
c)前記検体蒸気に曝露しながら前記センサ素子の静電容量を得て、測定された静電容量を得る工程と、
d)前記検体蒸気に曝露しながら前記センサ素子の反射スペクトルを得て、スペクトル特性を含む測定された反射スペクトルを得る工程と、
e)前記センサ素子の真の静電容量を得る工程であって、前記真の静電容量が、前記測定された静電容量から前記センサ素子の基準静電容量を引いた静電容量と等しい、工程と、
f)前記スペクトル特性の波長シフトを得る工程であって、前記スペクトル特性の前記波長シフトが、前記基準反射スペクトル及び前記測定された反射スペクトルにおける前記スペクトル特性の波長差と等しい、工程と、
g)前記真の静電容量及び前記スペクトル特性の前記波長シフトを参照ライブラリと照らし合わせる工程であって、前記参照ライブラリが、複数の参照検体蒸気についての、前記スペクトル特性の前記波長シフトと前記真の静電容量との間の参照相関、又は少なくとも1つのそれらの微分係数を含む、工程と、
h)前記検体蒸気の化学分類又は正体のうちの少なくとも1つを決定する工程と、
を含む、センサ素子の使用方法。
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| US201161475000P | 2011-04-13 | 2011-04-13 | |
| US61/475,000 | 2011-04-13 | ||
| PCT/US2012/031798 WO2012141925A1 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2012-04-02 | Method of detecting volatile organic compounds |
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| US9658198B2 (en) | 2011-12-13 | 2017-05-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for identification and quantitative determination of an unknown organic compound in a gaseous medium |
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| US20140021967A1 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
| EP2697635A1 (en) | 2014-02-19 |
| EP2697635B1 (en) | 2017-03-22 |
| CN103477215B (zh) | 2015-07-29 |
| US9429537B2 (en) | 2016-08-30 |
| WO2012141925A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
| JP2014514562A (ja) | 2014-06-19 |
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