JP5969255B2 - 炎症関連疾患の治療法 - Google Patents
炎症関連疾患の治療法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5969255B2 JP5969255B2 JP2012092614A JP2012092614A JP5969255B2 JP 5969255 B2 JP5969255 B2 JP 5969255B2 JP 2012092614 A JP2012092614 A JP 2012092614A JP 2012092614 A JP2012092614 A JP 2012092614A JP 5969255 B2 JP5969255 B2 JP 5969255B2
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- meisoindigo
- inflammatory
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- inflammation
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Description
炎症性腸疾患(IBD)はクローン病(CD)及び潰瘍性大腸炎(UC)を含む。いずれも特発性の慢性疾患で、世界各地で発生頻度が増加している。米国では毎年600,000人を超える人が罹患している。IBDは小腸及び大腸のいずれか又は両方が関与しうる。CDは消化管のあらゆる部分が関与しうるが、好発部位は小腸末端及び結腸である。直腸は病変を免れることもあるが、直腸周辺の排膿に伴い炎症又は感染を起こすこともある。UCは通常大腸下部に潰瘍を生じる。直腸が起点になることが多い。症状は多様であるが、下痢、発熱、及び疼痛を含みうる。UCを長期間患う患者は結腸がんの発生リスクが増大する。IBDの原因が依然として不明なため(感染及び免疫的機序が提唱されてはいるが)、現在のところ満足のいく治療法がない。IBDの治療は炎症症状のコントロールを目指しているので、従来的にはコルチコステロイド、アミノサリチル酸及び標準的免疫抑制剤、例えばアザチオプリン(6−メルカプトプリン)、メトトレキサート及びシクロスポリンなどが使用されている。これらのうち、唯一の疾患修飾性療法は免疫抑制剤のアザチオプリン及びメトトレキサートであるが、どちらも作用の発現が緩やかで、中等度の効果しかない。長期療法は肝損傷(線維症又は肝硬変)及び骨髄抑制を起こしうる。また、患者はそのような治療に反応しなくなることが多い。他の治療体制は対症療法にすぎない(19,20)。
乾癬は最もありふれた免疫媒介性の慢性皮膚疾患の一つで、形態も重症度も様々である。米国では人口の約2%又は450万人を超える人が罹患し、そのうちの150万人が中等度〜重度の疾患形態を有するとみなされている。乾癬患者の10〜30%は関節炎の一形態、すなわち乾癬性関節炎も併発している。これは関節周囲の骨及び結合組織を損傷する。乾癬は白色の鱗屑で覆われた盛り上がった皮膚の紅斑として現れる。吹き出物状(膿疱性乾癬)又は火傷状(紅皮性)外観を有することもある。乾癬は強度の痒み及び灼熱感も起こす。患者は肉体的のみならず精神的苦痛を受ける。現在、乾癬の治療にいくつかの治療法が利用可能である。例えば、局所治療、光線療法、及び全身塗布などである。しかしながら、それらは一般的に疾患抑制的及び疾患修飾的な治療法にすぎないとみなされている。いずれも疾患治癒的でない。その上、多くの治療法が、美容上望ましくない、長期使用に不便、又はかなりの毒性を伴う、のいずれかである。
リウマチ様関節炎(RA)も厄介な炎症性障害の別の例である。これは、関節の内膜(滑膜)及び/又はその他の内臓における慢性炎症を特徴とするありふれた慢性の炎症関連疾患である。炎症細胞は骨及び軟骨をも侵襲し損傷できる。患部の関節はその形状及び配置構造(アラインメント)を喪失しうるので、動きも失うことになる。RA患者には、関節の疼痛、硬直、温覚、発赤及び腫脹と、その他の全身的症状、例えば発熱、疲労、及び貧血がみられる。米国人口の約1%又は210万人が現在罹患しており、女性(150万人)のほうが男性(60万人)より多い。RAの病理は十分理解されていないが、機序として不適切な免疫反応が仮定されている。従来の治療は残念なことにRAには不十分である(29)。該疾患は、1950年代より使用されているコルチコステロイド及び非ステロイド系抗炎症薬(NSAID)を含む対症薬物療法に完全に反応するわけではない。またこれらの薬物療法には重大な有害作用のリスクもある。メトトレキサート(MTX)のような疾患修飾性抗リウマチ薬(DMARD)の治療効果は一貫性に欠け、一時的であることが多い。
多発性硬化症(MS)は自己免疫疾患で、米国で350,000〜500,000人の人がその診断を受けている。複数領域に見られる脳や脊髄のミエリンの炎症と瘢痕化がこの疾患を意味している。MS患者はミエリンの瘢痕化の位置と範囲によって様々な程度の神経学的障害を示す。MSの一般的症状は、疲労、衰弱、痙直、バランスの問題、膀胱及び腸の問題、しびれ、失明、振戦及びうつなどである。MSの現在の治療は症状を緩和するだけ又は障害の進行を遅らせるだけである。幹細胞移植及び遺伝子療法を含むMSのいくつかの新規治療は保存療法的である(31,32)。抗TNF抗体は実験的自己免疫性脳脊髄炎(EAE)で保護的効果を示したが、MS患者では疾患をより一層悪化させるので、TNF−αの阻害のみでは不十分であることが示唆される。
アルツハイマー病(AD)とパーキンソン病(PK)が2大神経変性障害である。ADは脳の障害である。この疾患は人の日常活動遂行能力に深刻な影響を及ぼす。思考、記憶、及び言語を司る脳の部分が冒される。約400万人の米国人、通常は60歳以降、がADを患っていると推定されている。
本発明は、イソインジゴ、インジゴ、インジルビン及びそれらの誘導体を含む特定の化合物群に関する。好ましくは、該化合物は、式(I)、(II)及び(III):
基R1及びR2は、同じ又は異なり、水素原子;ハロゲン原子;ヒドロキシ基;ヒドロカルビル基、又は官能性ヒドロカルビル基(非置換又は1個以上のヒドロキシ部分、カルボキシ部分、ニトロキシ部分、モノサッカリド、ジサッカリド、アミン、アミド、チオール、スルフェート、スルホネート、スルホンアミドもしくはハロゲンで置換されており、ヒドロカルビルは1〜8個の炭素原子を有する);モノ−、ジ−又はトリアルキルシリル基(互いに独立して各場合において直鎖又は分枝鎖アルキル基に1〜6個の炭素原子を有する);モノ−、ジ−又はトリアリールシリル基(互いに独立して各場合において置換又は非置換アリール基を有する);−NR17R18基{R17及びR18は、同じ又は異なっていてよく、水素原子、1〜18個の炭素原子を有する直鎖又は分枝鎖アルキル基(1個以上のヒドロキシ及び/又はアミノ基をさらに持っていてもよい)、置換又は非置換アリール基(1個以上のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい)、又はアシル基を表す};メチレンアミノ基−CH2−NR17R18(R17及びR18は上記定義を有する);アミドとして窒素に結合している生理的アミノ酸残基、置換又は非置換モノサッカリド、ジサッカリド又はオリゴサッカリド;又は糖、アミノ酸、ペプチドもしくはステロイドホルモンを表す]である。
以下に提供する実施例は、単に本発明の異なる態様を示すためのものであって、本発明の範囲をそれに限定することを意図しているのでは決してない。
“ハロゲン”という用語は、フッ素、塩素、臭素、又はヨウ素を示す。好ましくはフッ素又は塩素である。
本発明は炎症関連疾患を有する動物を治療するために使用されうる。ここで動物は哺乳動物であるのが好ましく、ヒトであるのがさらに好ましい。
さらに、また別の態様において、化合物−イソインジゴ、インジゴ、インジルビン、又はそれらの誘導体−は、前炎症性サイトカインの発現を阻害することによって及び/又は抗炎症性サイトカインの発現を刺激することによって炎症関連疾患を治療するに足る量であるが、サイクリン依存性キナーゼを実質的に阻害するに足る量より少ない。この態様において、前述の追加の抗炎症薬は組成物を有効なものにするために必要というわけではないが、追加すれば利益がある。
本発明は、動物における様々な炎症関連疾患の治療のために、あるクラスの小分子、メイソインジゴ並びにイソインジゴ、インジゴ及びインジルビンの誘導体を用いる方法を提供する。これらの炎症関連疾患は、炎症性腸疾患(IBD)、乾癬、リウマチ様関節炎(RA)、多発性硬化症(MS)、神経変性障害、心臓血管疾患(CVD)及びアテローム性動脈硬化症、及び代謝性疾患(メタボリックシンドローム及び糖尿病)、並びに感染関連炎症などであるが、これらに限定されない。
図1に、様々なサイトカイン及び増殖因子が関与するヒトの炎症関連疾患の病理過程の概略を示す。慢性炎症関連疾患の病理過程における前/抗炎症性サイトカイン及び増殖因子の役割、及びメイソインジゴのような誘導体の作用部位を示す概略図も提供する。すなわち、炎症の病理的刺激が炎症応答細胞(リンパ球、単球、好中球、内皮細胞、組織マクロファージ及び肥満細胞)を起爆し、前炎症性サイトカイン及び増殖因子を放出させる。今度はこれらの前炎症性サイトカイン及び増殖因子が、血液供給から免疫細胞、好中球及び血液単球を引き出し、炎症部位におけるそれらの蓄積をもたらす。これらが結果的に様々な炎症関連疾患、及び/又は自己免疫障害を引き起こす。これらの疾患は、炎症性腸疾患(IBD)、乾癬、リウマチ様関節炎、神経変性などである。メイソインジゴは、低濃度(例えば30nM)で、IL−1β、IL−6、及びTNF−αを含む複数の前炎症性サイトカインの産生を阻害し、抗炎症性サイトカインIL−10を刺激する。
実施例1:メイソインジゴはヒト単球細胞系THP−1細胞におけるIL−1β分泌を削減する
材料及び方法
材料:メイソインジゴ及びNATURAは、Natrogen Therapeutics,Incにより合成、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)で精製され、純度98.5%であった。構造は質量分析及び核磁気共鳴(NMR)で確認された。メイソインジゴは暗赤色結晶で分子量376である。ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)の溶液中で製造し、インビトロでの実験のために−20℃で保管した。ヒト単球細胞系、THP−1(90)はATCCから購入した。細胞は供給元の取扱説明書に従って維持した。約1×105細胞/mlを、10%FBSを補充した変法RPMI−1640培地(Invitrogen)中、37℃、5%CO2で24時間培養した。
IL−1βは、様々な炎症関連疾患の病理過程に関与している多形質発現性の前炎症性サイトカインである。インジゴ、イソインジゴ及びインジルビンの代表的小分子誘導体であるメイソインジゴの炎症に対する活性を解明するために、我々は、ヒト単球THP−1細胞におけるIL−1βの分泌に対するメイソインジゴの活性を調べた。図2のパネルBに示されているように、ヒト単球THP−1細胞におけるIL−1βの基礎レベルは検出不能であることが分かった。リポ多糖(LPS)に応答してタンパク質IL−1β及びmRNAレベルが増加するのは主に遺伝子の転写の増加の結果であることがこれまでに示されている(91,92)。本発明で、我々もLPSで刺激するとTHP−1細胞は大量のIL−1βを培地中に分泌することを観察した(92.38±3.667pg/ml、図2、パネルB)。興味深いことに、刺激されたIL−1βの分泌は、細胞をメイソインジゴに同時に暴露することによって著しく阻害された。最も重要なことは、我々はメイソインジゴが強力ではあるが穏やかなIL−1β阻害薬であるのを見出したことである。
材料及び方法
材料:代表的誘導体のメイソインジゴを使用した。細胞系とELISAの手順は実施例1に記載したのと同じであった。細胞(メイソインジゴの存在下又は不在下におけるLPS刺激又は非刺激細胞)によって培地中に分泌されたIL−6の計算のための標準曲線は標準的IL−6タンパク質を用いて構築した。典型的な標準曲線を図3のパネルAに示す。統計分析も実施例1に記載の方法に準じた。
リアルタイムPCR:メイソインジゴがIL−6の転写に及ぼす影響(RNAレベル)をリアルタイムポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(リアルタイムPCR)の技術によって調べた。全RNAをQiagen Rneasy minitキットを用いて抽出し、HPRT遺伝子を内部対照として用いた。
IL−6は炎症に関与する別の主要な前炎症性サイトカインである。そこで、メイソインジゴが分泌/発現に及ぼす影響を調べた。IL−1βと同様、IL−6の基礎レベルもヒト単球THP−1細胞で検出不能であった。1μg/mlのLPSで刺激すると、細胞はIL−6を培地に穏やかに分泌した(33.64±3.29pg/ml)。メイソインジゴは、LPS刺激THP−1細胞でIL−6の分泌を強く阻害することが分かった。刺激細胞を実験の最低濃度の31.25nMのメイソインジゴに暴露したところ、約85%の分泌削減が観察された(P<0.001)(図3,パネルB)。
材料及び方法
代表的誘導体のメイソインジゴを使用した。TNF−αの分泌を測定する細胞系とELISAの手順は実施例1に記載したのと同じであった。ただし、細胞(メイソインジゴの存在下又は不在下におけるLPS刺激又は非刺激細胞)によって培地中に分泌されたタンパク質の計算のための標準曲線は標準的TNF−αタンパク質を用いて構築した。典型的な標準曲線を図4のパネルAに示す。
TNF−αは、がんに対するその重要な生物学的機能及び炎症性障害におけるその病理的役割のために、この10年間広く研究された重要な前炎症性サイトカインである。いくつかのTNF−α阻害薬が各種炎症関連疾患の治療用として市販されている。可能性ある抗炎症薬として、我々は本発明でTNF−αの調節におけるメイソインジゴの役割を探った。
材料及び方法
本実施例で使用したメイソインジゴ及びTHP−1細胞系は、実施例1に記載したのと同じであった。IL−10の分泌を測定するELISAの手順も実施例1に記載の手順に準じた。ただし、細胞(メイソインジゴの存在下又は不在下におけるLPS刺激又は非刺激細胞)によって培地中に分泌されたタンパク質の計算のための標準曲線(図5,パネルA)は標準的IL−10タンパク質を用いて構築した。
免疫系の機能は、前炎症性及び調節性メディエータ又はサイトカインの活動によって繊細に調整されており、炎症関連疾患はこれらのタイプの分子間の不均衡の結果と考えられている(41,46)。本発明でクレームしている小分子の抗炎症作用が調節性サイトカインを誘導できるかどうかを理解するために、メイソインジゴのIL−10分泌に及ぼす作用を調べた。図5のパネルBに示すように、THP−1細胞で中等度ではあるが顕著なIL−10分泌刺激が観察された。THP−1細胞を0.0625μMのメイソインジゴで処理すると、IL−10の分泌に約60%の増加が達成された(P<0.05)。これに対し、炎症刺激物質のLPSはサイトカイン分泌をわずかに減少させた。
材料及び方法
材料:メイソインジゴ及びNATURAは、上記実施例で記載の通り、Natrogen Therapeutics,Incにより合成された。
1)メイソインジゴ及びNATURAの、サイトカインIL−1β、IL−6、IL−10の発現/分泌に及ぼす作用:指数増殖したヒト単球THP−1細胞を1μMのリポ多糖(LPS,Sigma)を使って又は使わずに刺激し、異なる濃度のメイソインジゴ及びNATURA(31.25nM及び62.5nMから)にそれぞれ24時間暴露した。細胞の生存をトリパンブルー除外アッセイで調べた。次に、実施例1〜4に記載のように、R&D Systems社のアッセイキットを取扱説明書に従って用い、細胞によって培地中に分泌されたIL−1βのタンパク質レベルをELISAによって測定し、その標準曲線から算出した。
インジルビン及びその誘導体はサイクリン依存性キナーゼを阻害することが示されているので、該化合物はCDKの阻害によって増殖制御の喪失に伴う疾患の有効な治療となりうる。どちらの細胞分子がこのクラスの化合物の抗炎症性に関して第一の標的となるかを調べるため、我々は、メイソインジゴ及びNATURAが同じ実験的低濃度条件下でCDK及びサイトカインのn活性をいかに調節するかを比較した。
THP−1細胞は、LPSによる24時間の刺激後、IL−1β、IL−6、IL−8及びTNF−αを分泌したが、IL−2、IL−4、IL−10及びIL−12は分泌しなかった(これらのサイトカインの基礎レベルはELISAでは検出不能)。このことは過去の報告と一致している(93,105)。イソインジゴ、インジゴ、及びインジルビン(構造は式I、II、及びIIIに示す)の誘導体のクラスの小分子が各種炎症関連疾患の治療に臨床応用できる可能性を評価するために、我々は例としてヒト単球THP−1細胞モデルにおけるメイソインジゴの前及び抗炎症性サイトカインの分泌及び発現に及ぼす調節作用を検証した。データを表2にまとめた。メイソインジゴは、LPS刺激THP−1細胞において前炎症性サイトカインIL−1β、IL−6、及びTNF−αの分泌を著しく阻害し、調節性サイトカインIL−10の分泌を刺激したが、IL−2に対しては何の作用も観察されなかった。これは単に該細胞が刺激によってこれらの前炎症性サイトカインを分泌できなかったためである。これらのサイトカインの最大削減又は刺激を表2にまとめた。
材料及び方法
材料:メイソインジゴは、Natrogen Therapeutics,Inc社によって合成、精製及びその構造の特徴付けがなされた。化合物の純度は上記実施例に記載のように98.5%であった。メイソインジゴの懸濁液を0.5%ナトリウムメチルセルロース中に新たに調製し、下記の動物試験のために経口投与した。下記実験で使用したその他の化学薬品はSigma社から購入した。
メイソインジゴがマウス尾の表皮細胞分化に及ぼす作用:60匹の雌クンミンマウスを、1つの対照群に20匹、及び4つの薬物試験群に各10匹ずつの計5群に無作為に分けた。メイソインジゴは、0.5%ナトリウムメチルセルロース中懸濁液として新たに調製した。薬物は、それぞれ50、100、及び200mg/kgの用量で1日1回13日間経口投与した。陽性対照としてメトトレキサート(MTX)を1mg/kgの用量で2日に1回同一期間腹腔内投与(i.p.)した。メイソインジゴ懸濁液に使用したのと同一の体積及びビヒクルを陰性対照として使用した。最後の投与24時間後、動物を犠死させ、それらの尾を基部から1.5cmカットした。組織学的検査のためにスライドを作製したが、原文献はBosmanらによる(106)。スライドは尾を縦断面にカットし、ヘマトキシリン−エオジン(H&E)染色して作製した。次にスライドを光学顕微鏡で検査し、正角化(OK,orthokeratosis)及び表皮過形成の程度を評価した。前者は、1個の鱗屑内の十分に発達した顆粒層の水平長をその全長に対して測定することによって行った。薬物活性は、2個の毛包間に顆粒層を含有する(顆粒層を消失していない)陽性鱗屑細胞の増加で定義した。
本実施例では一般的なマウス尾モデルを用いて、本発明でクレームしている化合物が表皮細胞の分化を増強し、それによって過形成及び過角化を減少できるかを定量的に測定した。このモデルは当初Jarrett A(107)が報告し、Bosmanら(106)が修正したものであるが、現在は他の人にも使用されている(108−110)。
材料及び方法
材料:メイソインジゴは、上記実施例に記載のように、Natrogen Therapeutics,Inc社によって合成、精製及びその構造の特徴付けがなされた。メイソインジゴを0.5%ナトリウムメチルセルロース中に新たに調製し、下記の動物試験のために経口投与した。DSS(デキストラン硫酸ナトリウム塩、分子量:36,000〜44,000)はICN Biomedicals社から購入した。下記実験で使用したその他の化学薬品はSigma社から購入した。
全データとも平均±SDで表した。対照と実験群間の何らかの差の統計的有意性はスチューデントt−テストで少なくとも<0.05のP値を以て判定した。
陽性対照群の全動物は、第4日に5%DSSを飲用後、次第に軟便、潜血、及び体重減少の徴候を現した。いくつかの重症例では(7/10)、上記症状のほかに肛門に付着した血液が肉眼で観察された。本実験で潰瘍性大腸炎を誘導する手法は非常に積極的なものであり、発生する症状も極めて急性的(4日以内に発現)であるが、メイソインジゴ処置群における潜血は動物の40%(4/10)にしか発生しなかった。軟便のような他の症状も対照群のそれより軽度であった。大腸炎の症状は陰性対照群の動物(正常マウス)には観察されなかった。図7、パネルA。
患者:43歳女性が4年間にわたる特発性炎症性腸疾患を示唆するびらん及び特徴を有する活動性慢性直腸結腸炎の1症例であると診断された。最初の診断は1999年にニューヨーク州ロングアイランドのノースショア大学病院マンハセット(North Shore University Hospital Manhasset)で結腸鏡によりなされた。主症状は、下痢、軟便及び出血であったが、全般的な健康状態は優れているとみなされた。CAIスコア(Clinical Activity Index)(表5)(113)は7〜8と判定された。担当医はヒドロコルチゾンフォームを処方し、彼女はこれを医師の指示に従って10日間服用した。しかしながら、この薬剤からは何の治療効果も得られなかった。2000年2月、彼女は中国の家に戻り、何回か中国人医師を訪ね、示唆された様々な漢方薬を試したが治療効果は観察されなかった。2002年早期、彼女は有名で評価の高い北京の中国医療病院(Chinese Medical Hospital)に行き、そこでフレキシブルS状結腸鏡検査を受けた。そこでも活動性炎症性腸疾患と診断された。
メイソインジゴは、様々な炎症性疾患の病理過程及び維持に関与していることが知られている複数のサイトカインIL−1β、IL−6、IL−10及びTNF−αの調節器(レギュレーター)であることが示されている。メイソインジゴはまた、急速に成長する細胞増殖を阻害し、細胞分化及び成熟化を促進する細胞増殖抑制薬であることも示されている。
材料及び方法
材料:メイソインジゴは、Natrogen Therapeutics,Inc社によって合成、精製及び構造の特徴付けがなされていた。メイソインジゴの懸濁液を0.5%ナトリウムメチルセルロース中に新たに調製し、4℃で保管した。該薬物懸濁液を下記の動物試験のために経口投与した。5−アミノサリチル酸(5−ASA)はSigma社から購入した。DSS(デキストラン硫酸ナトリウム塩、分子量:36,000〜44,000)はICN Biomedicals社から購入した。下記実験で使用したその他の化学薬品はSigma社から購入した。
全データとも平均±SDで表した。対照と実験群間の何らかの差の統計的有意性はスチューデントt−テストで少なくとも<0.05のP値を以て判定した。
疾患活動性指数(DAI):5%DSSを7日間飲用後、全マウスにまず下痢、便潜血が現れ、体重も著しく減少した。一方、蒸留水で飼育された動物にはそのような症状は観察されなかった。しかしながら、これらの徴候は次の10日間マウスに蒸留水を与えた後は消失した(DAIは8〜9日で底値に達した)。しかしながら、その後のDSS投与(3投与サイクル)で、これらの臨床症状は回復せず、それどころか10日間の蒸留水消費期間中も悪化した。
以下の表7に、処置又は非処置動物の全群における潜血スコアを示す。DSS給餌中止12日後、ビヒクル処置群の動物はわずかな回復(27.2%)を示した。これは以前の報告にあるとおり、3連続DSS給餌サイクルによって誘導された大腸炎の慢性的性質と一致するものであった[4]。これに対し、5−ASAとメイソインジゴ処置群では顕著な改善が観察された。低用量のメイソインジゴ群の動物は、高用量群の75.7%と比べて最善の治療的応答(87%)を示した。低用量は、80%回復の陽性対照5−ASAよりも良かった。動物でDSS誘導IBDの出血がメイソインジゴで治癒したことは、メイソインジゴによる処置で潰瘍性大腸炎患者の出血が迅速に終結したという以前の観察とも一致している。
マウス結腸の横断面(中央部)をホルマリン中に調製し、パラフィン包埋用とした。スライドはH&Eで染色した。各群から2匹のマウスをスライド標本用、スライド標本及び染色の品質検査用に使用した。
Claims (11)
- 式(I):
[式中、
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、及びR10は、同じ又は異なり、水素原子;ヒドロキシ基;ニトロソ基;ニトロ基;モノサッカリド;ジサッカリド;ハロゲン原子;ヒドロカルビル基、又は官能性ヒドロカルビル基(非置換又は1個以上のヒドロキシ部分、カルボキシ部分、ニトロキシ部分、モノサッカリド、ジサッカリド、アミン、アミド、チオール、スルフェート、スルホネート、スルホンアミドもしくはハロゲンで置換されており、ヒドロカルビルは1〜8個の炭素原子を有する);−R11R12基{R11及びR12は、同じ又は異なっていてよく、水素原子、1〜18個の炭素原子を有する直鎖又は分枝鎖アルキル基(1個以上のヒドロキシ及び/又はアミノ基をさらに持っていてもよい)、置換又は非置換アリール基(1個以上のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい)、又はアシル基を表すか、又はR11とR12は一緒になって2〜6個の、置換されていてもよいCH2基を有する環を形成する};アゾ基−N=N−R13{R13は芳香族系(1個以上のカルボキシル基及び/又はホスホリル基で置換されていてもよい)又は糖、アミノ酸、ペプチドもしくはステロイドホルモンからなる群から選ばれる基を表す}を表すか;又はR1とR6及びR2とR7は、それぞれ、互いから独立して、1〜4個の、置換されていてもよいCH2基を有する環を一緒になって形成し;そして
R1及びR2は、同じ又は異なり、水素原子;ハロゲン原子;ヒドロキシ基;ヒドロカルビル基、又は官能性ヒドロカルビル基(非置換又は1個以上のヒドロキシ部分、カルボキシ部分、ニトロキシ部分、モノサッカリド、ジサッカリド、アミン、アミド、チオール、スルフェート、スルホネート、スルホンアミドもしくはハロゲンで置換されており、ヒドロカルビルは1〜8個の炭素原子を有する);モノ−、ジ−又はトリアルキルシリル基(互いに独立して各場合において直鎖又は分枝鎖アルキル基に1〜6個の炭素原子を有する);モノ−、ジ−又はトリアリールシリル基(互いに独立して各場合において置換又は非置換アリール基を有する);−NR17R18基{R17及びR18は、同じ又は異なっていてよく、水素原子、1〜18個の炭素原子を有する直鎖又は分枝鎖アルキル基(1個以上のヒドロキシ及び/又はアミノ基をさらに持っていてもよい)、置換又は非置換アリール基(1個以上のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい)、又はアシル基を表す};メチレンアミノ基−CH2−NR17R18(R17及びR18は上記定義を有する);アミドとして窒素に結合している生理的アミノ酸残基、置換又は非置換モノサッカリド、ジサッカリド又はオリゴサッカリド;又は糖、アミノ酸、ペプチドもしくはステロイドホルモンを表す]の化合物を含む、リウマチ様関節炎および炎症性腸疾患からなる群から選ばれる炎症関連疾患を治療および/または予防するための医薬組成物。 - 少なくともR1又はR2が、モノサッカリド、ジサッカリド(非置換又は1個以上のヒドロキシ部分もしくはカルボキシ部分で置換されている);ハロゲン;ヒドロカルビル基、又は官能性ヒドロカルビル基(非置換又は1個以上のヒドロキシ部分、カルボキシ部分、ニトロキシ部分、モノサッカリド、ジサッカリド、アミン、アミド、チオール、スルフェート、スルホネート、スルホンアミドもしくはハロゲンで置換されており、ヒドロカルビルは1〜8個の炭素原子を有する)である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 少なくともR1又はR2がメチル基である、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9及びR10が水素であり、R1が水素でありR2がメチル基であるか、R1がトリアセチル化モノサッカリドでありR2がメチル基であるか、又はR1がトリアセチル化モノサッカリドでありR2が水素であるかのいずれかである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 薬学的に許容できる担体をさらに含み、前記化合物がメイソインジゴである、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記化合物の用量が5mg〜150mgである、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記化合物の用量が約25mg、50mg、75mg、及び100mgからなる群から選択される、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 前記化合物の用量が、前炎症性サイトカインの発現を阻害することによって又は抗炎症性サイトカインの発現を刺激することによって又はこれら双方によって炎症関連疾患を治療するに足る量であるが、その量は、CDK2、CDK4及びCDK6からなる群から選択されるサイクリン依存性キナーゼ(CDK)の50%を阻害するに足る量より少ない、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 抗炎症薬をさらに含む請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 抗炎症薬が、鎮痛薬;抗リウマチ薬;胃腸薬;痛風用製剤;グルココルチコイド;眼科用製剤;呼吸器薬;鼻用製剤;及び粘膜薬からなる群から選ばれる、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 鎮痛薬が、ナプロキセン、インドメタシン、イブプロフェン、ケトロラクトロメタミン、コリンマグネシウムトリサリチル酸及びロフェコキシブからなる群から選ばれ;抗リウマチ薬が、シクロスポリン、スルファサラジン、バルデコキシブ、ペニシラミン及びデキサメタゾンからなる群から選ばれ;胃腸薬が、メサラミン、バルサラジド二ナトリウム及びオルサラジンナトリウムからなる群から選ばれ;痛風用製剤がスリンダクであり;グルココルチコイドが、デキサメタゾン、リン酸デキサメタゾン、酢酸メチルプレドニゾロン、ヒドロコルチゾン及びリン酸ヒドロコルチゾンナトリウムからなる群から選ばれ;鼻用製剤が、ジプロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン一水和物、プロピオン酸フルチカゾン、トリアムシノロンアセトニド、フルニソリド、フランカルボン酸モメタゾン一水和物及びブデソニドからなる群から選ばれ;眼科用製剤がケトロラクトロメタミンであり;呼吸器薬がネドクロミルナトリウムであり;そして粘膜薬が、ジプロピオン酸アルクロメタゾン、酪酸ヒドロコルチゾン、フルランドレノリド、吉草酸ベタメタゾン及びプロピオン酸クロベタゾールからなる群から選ばれる、請求項10に記載の組成物。
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|---|---|
| US20070027203A1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
| CY1115289T1 (el) | 2017-01-04 |
| RS53372B (en) | 2014-10-31 |
| EP3020400A1 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
| CA2547963A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
| US7855223B2 (en) | 2010-12-21 |
| CA2871459A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
| ES2559183T3 (es) | 2016-02-10 |
| EP1706112A2 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
| JP2007522114A (ja) | 2007-08-09 |
| JP2015071626A (ja) | 2015-04-16 |
| EP1706112B1 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
| CA2547963C (en) | 2015-02-10 |
| JP2012176956A (ja) | 2012-09-13 |
| HK1160393A1 (en) | 2012-08-17 |
| WO2005069933A2 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
| PT1706112E (pt) | 2014-05-02 |
| DK1706112T3 (da) | 2014-04-22 |
| US20050154046A1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
| SI1706112T1 (sl) | 2014-07-31 |
| EP1706112A4 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
| HRP20140536T1 (hr) | 2014-07-04 |
| HK1220612A1 (en) | 2017-05-12 |
| HK1096603A1 (en) | 2007-06-08 |
| JP5383977B2 (ja) | 2014-01-08 |
| WO2005069933A3 (en) | 2005-09-09 |
| ME01878B (me) | 2014-12-20 |
| EP2351564B1 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
| ES2459365T3 (es) | 2014-05-09 |
| PL1706112T3 (pl) | 2014-08-29 |
| EP2351564A1 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
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