JP6243073B1 - Rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a rotating electrical machine capable of rotating at a high speed without applying a high voltage by suppressing generation of a counter electromotive force. An electric motor 10 includes a rotor 20 in which a permanent magnet 22 is housed in a rotor main body 21 and rotates with a north pole and a south pole facing outward in the radial direction of rotation, and a magnetic flux that rotationally drives the rotor 20. And a stator 30 that excites. When the rotor 20 faces the end of the stator 30 (one end 31T1, 32T1, the other end 31T2, 32T2) formed by the first winding 31 and the second winding 32. The magnetic path R from the end of the stator 30 into the stator 30 is formed in a direction intersecting the main magnetic flux direction F1 from the rotor. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine having a rotor made of permanent magnets and a stator made of windings.

  A rotating electrical machine such as an electric motor or a generator includes a rotor and a stator. The stator excites the rotor. For example, like the conventional motors described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the winding is wound around the iron core so that the axis of the winding faces the rotor. As in the conventional electric motor described in Patent Document 3, a winding is wound around a part of a C-shaped iron core, and a rotor is disposed between both ends of the facing iron core. Are known.

JP 2014-135852 A JP 2014-147238 A JP 60-226751 A

  However, in the conventional electric motor described in Patent Documents 1-3, when the magnetic pole of the rotor passes through the magnetic pole of the stator, the magnetic pole of the stator and the magnetic pole of the rotor face each other for a moment. Therefore, when the rotor rotates and passes in front of the stator, a large change in magnetic flux is generated by the rotor, so that a large counter electromotive force is generated in the stator when the rotor rotates. Therefore, in the conventional electric motor, when the rotor is rotated by the stator, a large back electromotive force is generated for the stator. Therefore, a high voltage is required to rotate the rotor at a high speed against the counter electromotive force.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a rotating electrical machine that can achieve high rotation without applying a high voltage by suppressing generation of counter electromotive force.

  A rotating electrical machine according to the present invention includes a rotor in which a permanent magnet rotates with one of the N poles and S poles facing outward in the rotational radius direction, and a stator that excites a magnetic flux that rotationally drives the rotor. The stator has a magnetic path from the end of the stator into the stator when the rotor faces the end of the stator, and the direction of the main magnetic flux from the rotor It is formed in a crossing direction.

  According to the rotating electrical machine of the present invention, when the rotor passes toward the end of the stator, the magnetic path from the end of the stator into the stator intersects the main magnetic flux direction from the rotor. Since the change in the magnetic flux is smaller than that of the conventional motor in which the direction of the winding is directed in the radial direction, the counter electromotive force can be made smaller than that of the conventional motor.

  The stator may be formed in a circular arc shape in which a winding extends in a circumferential direction around the rotation axis of the rotor. The stator winding is arcuate along the circumferential direction around the rotation axis of the rotor, so that the magnetic path from the end of the stator to the stator can be routed in the direction of the main magnetic flux from the rotor. The direction can intersect with

  The stator may have a plurality of arc-shaped windings arranged in an annular shape. A plurality of arc-shaped windings can surround the rotor in an annular shape.

  Each of the stators may be arranged at a position where a gap between a winding and an adjacent winding is shifted in the circumferential direction. Even if the rotor tries to decelerate or stop at the gap between the ends of the stator, rotation drive can be applied by another stator.

  A straight tubular winding can be provided between ends of the plurality of arcuate windings. Since the magnetic force generated between the ends of the plurality of windings can be complemented by the straight tubular winding, the rotational driving force of the rotor can be enhanced by the straight tubular winding.

  When a power generation winding is provided coaxially with the straight tubular winding, electric power can be generated from the power generation winding.

A rotation speed adjusting unit for adjusting a current from the power generating winding can be connected.
Since the power generating winding is coaxial with the straight tubular winding, the magnetic field generated in the power generating winding acts to assist the straight tubular winding. Therefore, the rotation speed of the permanent magnet can be adjusted according to the current flowing through the rotation speed adjustment unit.

  The rotation speed adjustment unit may include a rectification unit connected to the power generation winding and a consumption unit that consumes a current from the rectification unit. The rotational speed of the permanent magnet can be adjusted according to the current that consumes the direct current rectified by the rectifier, and the current can be effectively utilized in the consumer.

  If a control circuit for exciting the ends of the stator windings to the same polarity is provided, the magnetic field at the ends of the windings can be enhanced.

  The permanent magnet may be formed in a spherical shape. Since the permanent magnet is formed in a spherical shape, the main magnetic flux is emitted from the convex tip that bulges from the rotation axis toward the stator. Therefore, the magnetic flux can be concentrated and emitted from the tip of the hemispherical surface of the permanent magnet facing the stator toward the stator.

  According to the rotating electric machine of the present invention, since the change in magnetic flux is smaller than that of the conventional motor in which the direction of the winding is directed in the radial direction, the back electromotive force can be made smaller than that of the conventional motor, so that the high voltage Even if it is not applied, high rotation speed can be achieved.

It is a figure for demonstrating the electric motor as a rotary electric machine which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention, and is the figure seen from the direction along the rotating shaft direction. It is the figure seen from the direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft direction of the electric motor shown in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the sensor part of the electric motor shown in FIG. It is a circuit diagram for demonstrating operation | movement of the excitation circuit part of the control circuit in the electric motor shown in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating operation | movement of the electric motor shown in FIG. 1, (A) is a figure of the state which one end part produced | generated N pole and the other end part produced | generated the S pole, (B) is one end part. Is a diagram showing a state where the S pole is generated and the other end is the N pole. It is a figure for demonstrating the electric motor as a rotary electric machine which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention, (A) is the figure which looked at the one stator from the direction along the rotating shaft direction. (B) is the figure which looked at the other stator from the direction along the rotation axis direction. It is the figure seen from the direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft direction of the electric motor shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a sensor unit of the electric motor shown in FIG. 6, in which (A) is a diagram of a sensor unit for controlling energization timing to one stator, and (B) is energization to the other stator. It is a figure of the sensor part for controlling thymine. It is a figure for demonstrating the electric motor as a rotary electric machine which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention, and is the figure seen from the direction along the rotating shaft direction. It is the figure seen from the direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft direction of the electric motor shown in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the electric motor as a rotary electric machine which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention, and is the figure seen from the direction along the rotating shaft direction. It is the figure seen from the direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft direction of the electric motor shown in FIG. It is a circuit diagram for demonstrating the rotational speed adjustment part connected to the coil | winding for electric power generation of the electric motor shown in FIG.

(Embodiment 1)
A rotary electric machine according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, taking an electric motor as an example.
1 and 2 are schematic diagrams for explaining the electric motor according to the first embodiment, and a housing that supports the stator and the output shaft, supports the sensor unit, and the like is not illustrated. Absent.
The electric motor 10 shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2 is provided with the rotor 20 formed coaxially with the output shaft O1, and the stator 30 which excites the magnetic flux which rotationally drives the rotor 20. As shown in FIG.

The rotor 20 includes a cylindrical rod-shaped rotary main body 21 and a permanent magnet 22 accommodated inside the rotary main body 21.
The permanent magnet 22 only needs to have one of the N or S poles facing outward in the rotational radius direction. In the present embodiment, the permanent magnet 22 is formed in a spherical shape, and the N pole is on the opposite side. On the other hand, the south pole is disposed on the rotary body 21 toward the outer side in the rotational radius direction.
As the permanent magnet 22, a neodymium magnet having a stronger magnetic force than other magnets can be used.

The stator 30 has a magnetic path R from the end of the stator 30 into the stator 30 when the rotor 20 faces the end of the stator 30 (ends 31T1, 32T1, 31T2, 32T2). It is formed in a direction intersecting with the main magnetic flux direction F <b> 1 from the rotor 20.
In the first embodiment, the stator 30 has a winding formed in an arc shape along the circumferential direction around the rotation axis L <b> 1 of the rotor 20. The stator 30 is formed of a pair of semicircular first winding 31 and second winding 32.

The first winding 31 and the second winding 32 are arranged so that the inner peripheral sides face each other, so that the stator 30 has an annular shape.
As shown in FIG. 3, the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 are connected in series because one end portions 31T1 and 32T1 are connected to each other by wiring, but may be connected in parallel. .
When the windings of the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 are energized, wiring is wound so that one end 31T1, 32T1 facing each other and the other end 31T2, 32T2 generate the same polarity. Yes.

As shown in FIG. 2, a control circuit 40 is connected to the stator 30.
The control circuit 40 includes a sensor unit 41 and an excitation circuit unit 42.
The sensor unit 41 is provided on the output shaft O1.
Each sensor unit 41 detects the timing when one end 31T1, 32T1 is an N pole and the other end 31T2, 32T2 is an S pole, and conversely, one end 31T1, 32T1 is an S pole. In order to detect the timing when the other end portions 31T2 and 32T2 are set to N poles, a first sensor unit 411 and a second sensor unit 412 are provided.

  The first sensor unit 411 and the second sensor unit 412 rotate together with the transmissive photointerrupter 41a using a light emitting diode and a photodiode, and the rotator 20, so that the light emitting diode and the photodiode of the transmissive photointerrupter 41a And a disk-shaped shielding plate 41b that passes between them.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the photo interrupter 41a is provided corresponding to the first sensor unit 411 and the second sensor unit 412, respectively, but in the present embodiment, the shielding plate 41b The first sensor unit 411 and the second sensor unit 412 are provided in common. The shielding plate 41b is used in common by the first sensor unit 411 and the second sensor unit 412, but in FIG. 4, the shielding plate 41b is illustrated separately corresponding to the photo interrupter 41a. Yes.

An arcuate cutout 41c for defining energization timing and energization time is formed in a part of the periphery of the shielding plate 41b along the circumferential direction. The position of the arc-shaped notch is formed in a range of 90 degrees in accordance with the position of the N pole of the permanent magnet 22.
In the photo interrupter 41a, the positions of the one end portions 31T1 and 32T1 where the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 face each other are 0 degrees, and the other end where the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 face each other. When the positions of the end portions 31T2 and 32T2 are 90 degrees, they are formed at 30 degrees and 120 degrees.

The excitation circuit unit 42 controls energization to the first winding 31 and the second winding 32.
The excitation circuit unit 42 shown in FIG. 4 includes a first sensor unit 411 unit and a second sensor unit 412 as a set, and includes a first winding 31 and a second sensor by transistors from the first FETs 421a and 421b to the third FETs 423a and 423b. The energization direction to the winding 32 is controlled.

The first FET 421a and the third FET 423a are n-type FETs. The second FETs 422a and 422b are p-type FETs.
The gate terminals G of the first FETs 421a and 421b are connected to the photo interrupter 41a via resistors R11 and R12. Further, the source terminals S of the first FETs 421a and 421b are grounded.

  The second FETs 422a and 422b have a source terminal S connected to a power source via diodes D11 and D12 and grounded via capacitors C11 and C12. The gate terminals G of the second FETs 422a and 422b are connected to the drain terminals D of the first FETs 421a and 421b through the resistors R21 and R22, and are connected to the source terminals S of the second FETs 422a and 422b through the resistors R31 and R32. It is connected. The drain terminals D of the second FETs 422a and 422b are connected to the anode terminals A of the diodes D21 and D22 and to the drain terminals D of the third FETs 423a and 423b.

The gate terminals G of the third FETs 423a and 423b are connected to the photo interrupter 41a via resistors R41 and R42. The source terminals S of the third FETs 423a and 423b are grounded.
The wiring from the other end 31T2 of the first winding 31 is connected to the drain terminal D of the second FET 422a and to the drain terminal D of the third FET 423a.
The wiring from the other end 32T2 of the second winding 32 is connected to the drain terminal D of the second FET 422b and to the drain terminal D of the third FET 423b.

The operation of the electric motor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention configured as described above will be described with reference to the drawings.
Power is supplied to the control circuit 40 shown in FIGS.
For example, when the north pole of the permanent magnet 22 faces the photo interrupter 41a of the first sensor unit 411, the arc-shaped notch 41c of the shielding plate 41b is positioned on the photo interrupter 41a of the first sensor unit 411 shown in FIG. To do.
The light of the photo interrupter 41a of the first sensor unit 411 is transmitted through the arc-shaped cutout 41c of the shielding plate 41b, thereby energizing the photo transistor of the photo interrupter 41a of the first sensor unit 411.

  As shown in FIG. 4, when the phototransistor of the first sensor unit 411 is energized, the gate terminal G of the first FET 421a and the gate terminal G of the third FET 423a connected to the photointerrupter 41a via resistors R11 and R41. Is the first voltage at which the first FET 421a and the third FET 423a are turned on.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, when the arc-shaped notch 41c is located in the photo interrupter 41a of the first sensor unit 411, the arc-shaped notch 41c is not located in the photo interrupter 41a of the second sensor unit 412. The photo interrupter 41a of the second sensor unit 412 is in a non-energized state.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the gate terminal G of the first FET 421b and the gate terminal G of the third FET 423b connected to the photo interrupter 41a of the second sensor unit 412 via the resistors R12 and R42 are the first FET 421b and The third FET 423b is turned off and becomes a second voltage (0 V) lower than the first voltage.

  When the first FET 421b is off, the gate terminal G of the second FET 422a connected to the drain terminal D of the first FET 421b via the resistor R21 is the first FET 422a turned off by the resistor R31 connected to the power source Vss. Voltage.

  When the first FET 421a is in the on state, the resistor R22 is connected to the drain terminal D of the first FET 421a, so that the gate terminal G of the second FET 422b becomes a second voltage that turns on the second FET 422b.

Thus, when the ON state and the OFF state of the first FETs 421a and 421b to the third FETs 423a and 423b are determined, the current from the power source Vss flows into the source terminal S of the second FET 422b via the diode D12, and the second FET 422b From the drain terminal D to the other end 32T1 of the second winding 32.
Then, current flows from the second winding 32 to the first winding 31, flows from the other end 31T1 of the first winding 31 to the drain terminal D of the third FET 423a, and from the drain terminal D of the third FET 423a to the source terminal S. 5A, a magnetic field of the same polarity (N pole) repelling the N pole of the permanent magnet 22 is generated at one end 31T1 of the first winding 31, as shown in FIG. A magnetic field having the same polarity (S pole) as the S pole of the permanent magnet 22 is generated at the end 31T2.
Due to the magnetic field generated by the first winding 31 and the second winding 32, both poles of the permanent magnet 22 repel and the rotor 20 rotates.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, the arc-shaped notch 41 c of the shielding plate 41 b is located in the photo interrupter 41 a of the second sensor 412 in the sensor 41.
The light of the photo interrupter 41a of the second sensor unit 412 is transmitted by the arc-shaped notch 41c of the shielding plate 41b, so that the phototransistor of the photo interrupter 41a of the second sensor unit 412 is energized.

  As shown in FIG. 4, when the phototransistor of the second sensor unit 412 is energized, the gate terminal G of the first FET 421b and the gate terminal G of the third FET 423b connected to the photointerrupter 41a via resistors R12 and R42. Is the first voltage at which the first FET 421b and the third FET 423b are turned on.

  In addition, when the arc-shaped notch 41c is positioned in the photo interrupter 41a of the second sensor unit 412, the arc-shaped notch 41c is not positioned in the photo interrupter 41a of the first sensor unit 411. The interrupter 41a is in a non-energized state. Therefore, the first FET 421a and the third FET 423a are turned off between the gate terminal G of the first FET 421a and the gate terminal G of the third FET 423a connected to the photo interrupter 41a of the first sensor unit 411 via the resistors R11 and R41. The second voltage is obtained.

  When the first FET 421a is in the off state, the gate terminal G of the second FET 422b connected to the drain terminal D of the first FET 421a via the resistor R22 has the first FET 422b turned off by the resistor R32 connected to the power source Vss. Voltage.

  When the first FET 421b is in the on state, the resistor R21 is connected to the drain terminal D of the first FET 421b, so that the gate terminal G of the second FET 422a becomes a second voltage that turns on the second FET 422a.

Thus, when the ON state and the OFF state of the first FETs 421a and 421b to the third FETs 423a and 423b are determined, the current from the power source Vss flows into the source terminal S of the second FET 422a via the diode D11, and the second FET 422a. From the drain terminal D of the first winding 31 to the other end 31T2.
Then, current flows from the first winding 31 to the second winding 32, from the other end 32T1 of the second winding 32 to the drain terminal D of the third FET 423a, and from the drain terminal D of the third FET 423a to the source terminal S. 5B, a magnetic field of the same polarity (S pole) repelling the S pole of the permanent magnet 22 is generated at one end 31T1 of the first winding 31, as shown in FIG. A magnetic field having the same polarity (N pole) as the N pole of the permanent magnet 22 is generated at the end 31T2.
Due to the magnetic field generated by the first winding 31 and the second winding 32, both poles of the permanent magnet 22 repel and the rotor 20 rotates.

Next, the rotation of the rotor 20 will be described in detail based on FIG. 5 (A) and FIG. 5 (B).
As shown in FIG. 5A, the arc-shaped cutout portion of the shielding plate 41b is formed at a timing when the N pole of the rotor 20 is separated from the one end portions 31T1 and 32T1 of the first winding 31 and the second winding 32. 41c (see FIG. 3) enters the photo interrupter 41a of the first sensor unit 411.
As a result, one end 31T1, 32T1 of the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 positioned on the N pole side of the rotor 20 has the same polarity (N pole) with respect to the N pole of the rotor 20. Is generated.
Further, the other ends 31T2 and 32T2 of the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 located on the S pole opposite to the N pole of the rotor 20 are the same as the S pole of the rotor 20. A pole (S pole) is generated.

From one end 31T1 and 32T1 of the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 that generate the N pole, the other end 31T2 and 32T2 of the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 that generate the S pole. The magnetic lines of force are directed along the arcuate surfaces inside the first winding 31 and the second winding 32.
On the N-pole side of the rotor 20, it repels along with the magnetic lines of force from one end 31T1, 32T1, and is attracted along with the lines of magnetic force from the other ends 31T2, 32T2, and is driven to rotate. Further, on the S pole side of the rotor 20, it repels along with the magnetic lines of force to the other end portions 31T2 and 32T2, and is attracted along with the magnetic lines of force from the one end portions 31T1 and 32T1, and is driven to rotate. As a result, the rotor 20 rotates by a half turn.

Next, as shown in FIG. 5B, at the timing when the south pole of the rotor 20 is separated from the one end 31T1, 32T1 of the first winding 31 and the second winding 32, the circle of the shielding plate 41b. The arc-shaped notch 41c (see FIG. 3) enters the photo interrupter 41a of the second sensor unit 412. As a result, one end 31T1, 32T1 of the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 located on the S pole side of the rotor 20 has the same polarity (S pole) with respect to the S pole of the rotor 20. Is generated.
Further, the other ends 31T2 and 32T2 of the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 located on the N pole side opposite to the S pole of the rotor 20 are the same as the N pole of the rotor 20. A pole (N pole) is generated.
As the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 generate a magnetic field as described above, the rotor 20 further rotates by a half turn. By repeating this, the rotor 20 can continue to rotate.

As described above, in the electric motor 10, the stator 30 has the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 formed in an arc shape along the circumferential direction with the rotation axis L <b> 1 of the rotor 20 as the center.
Therefore, since the magnetic path in the stator 30 is along the arc shape of the windings (the first winding 31 and the second winding 32), each magnetic pole of the rotor 20 is connected to the first winding 31 and When passing toward the end of the second winding 32, the magnetic path from the end of the stator 30 into the stator 30 is in a direction intersecting with the main magnetic flux direction from the rotor 20.
Accordingly, the main magnetic flux from the rotor 20 does not cross so as to enter straight into the cylinders of the first winding 31 and the second winding 32. Therefore, the motor 10 has a smaller change in magnetic flux than the conventional motor in which the direction of the winding is directed in the radial direction, and therefore, the back electromotive force can be made smaller than that of the conventional motor.

  Therefore, the electric motor 10 according to the first embodiment can be rotated at a high speed without applying a high voltage by suppressing the generation of the counter electromotive force.

Further, since the permanent magnet 22 of the rotor 20 is formed in a spherical shape, the main magnetic flux is emitted from the convex tip that bulges from the rotation axis L1 to the stator 30 side. Accordingly, the magnetic flux can be concentrated and emitted from the tip of the spherical surface of the permanent magnet 22 facing the stator 30 toward the stator 30.
Since the stator 30 is formed by arranging a plurality of arc-shaped first windings 31 and second windings 32 in an annular shape, the periphery of the rotor 20 is enclosed in an annular shape by the plurality of arc-shaped windings. be able to.

(Embodiment 2)
A rotary electric machine according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, taking an electric motor as an example. Similar to FIGS. 1 and 2, in FIGS. 6 and 7, the housing that supports the stator, the output shaft, the sensor unit, and the like is not shown. 6 and 7, the same components as those in FIGS. 1 and 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B and FIG. 7, the electric motor 11 includes a plurality of stators 30 as stators.
Each of the stators 30 is disposed such that the gap S1 between the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 adjacent to the first winding 31 is shifted in the circumferential direction.
In the second embodiment, the pair of stators 30 are disposed at positions rotated 90 degrees about the rotation axis L1.

As shown in FIG. 7, by adding the stator 30, a control circuit 40 that controls the energization direction of the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 of the added stator 30 is added.
In the added control circuit 40, as shown in FIG. 8, the position of the photo interrupter 41a of the sensor unit 41 is rotated by 90 degrees in accordance with the rotation angle of the added stator 30.

In the electric motor 10 according to the first embodiment, since the stator 30 is formed by the first winding 31 and the second winding 32, there is one between the first winding 31 and the second winding 32. There are two locations between the end portions 31T1 and 32T1 and between the other end portions 31T2 and 32T2.
When one end 31T1, 32T1 becomes an N pole and the N pole of the rotor 20 repels and rotates, the rotor 20 is sucked when rotating to the other end 31T2, 32T2 that generates the S pole. May slow down or stop.

  However, the electric motor 11 according to the second embodiment includes the stators 30 and 30, and the gap between the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 that form the stator 30 is shifted by 90 degrees. Since the rotor 20 is arranged, even if the rotor 20 attempts to decelerate or stop in the gap between the end portions of the stator 30, it can be driven to rotate by the other stator 30. Therefore, rotation can be continued without the rotor 20 decelerating.

  In the electric motor 11, since the stator 30 is formed by two windings of the first winding 31 and the second winding 32, the two sets of stators 30 are arranged at positions shifted by 90 degrees. However, if there are three windings, the position can be shifted by 60 degrees, and if there are four windings, the position can be shifted by 45 degrees.

(Embodiment 3)
A rotary electric machine according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, taking an electric motor as an example. As in FIGS. 1 and 2, in FIGS. 9 and 10, a housing that supports the stator, the output shaft, the sensor unit, and the like is not shown. 9 and 10, the same components as those in FIGS. 1 and 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 9 (A) and FIG. 9 (B) and FIG. 10, the electric motor 12 has a stator and a plurality of windings (the first winding 31 and the second winding 32). Further, straight tubular windings 33 and 34 are provided.
Although not shown in FIG. 10, one straight tubular winding 33 has the same polarity as one end 31T1, 32T1, and the other straight tubular winding 34 has the other end. It is controlled by the control circuit 40 so as to generate the same polarity as the units 31T2 and 32T2.

Between the plurality of windings (the first winding 31 and the second winding 32), the straight tubular windings 33 and 34 have the same polarity as the magnetic pole generated at the end of the winding with the axis line directed. By being provided so as to be generated, the magnetic forces generated by the respective ends of the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 can be supplemented by the windings 33 and 34.
Therefore, the rotational driving force of the rotor 20 can be increased by the straight tubular windings 33 and 34.

(Embodiment 4)
A rotary electric machine according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, taking an electric motor as an example. As in FIG. 1, in FIGS. 11 and 12, the housing that supports the stator, the output shaft, the sensor unit, and the like is not shown. 11 and 12, the same components as those in FIGS. 9 and 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the electric motor 13 is provided with power generation windings 35 and 36 coaxially with the straight tubular windings 33 and 34.
As shown in FIG. 13, a rotation speed adjusting unit 50 is connected to the power generation windings 35 and 36.
The rotation speed adjustment unit 50 includes a rectification unit 51 and a consumption unit 52. The rectifying unit 51 can be configured by a diode bridge.
Although the consumption part 52 can be made into a variable resistor, you may connect the load which uses an electrical energy effectively instead of a variable resistor. For example, a battery charging circuit, a lighting fixture, or an electric motor can be used. The consumption part 52 can set a resistance value from a short circuit state to an open state.

Next, the operation of the rotation speed adjustment unit 50 that adjusts the current from the power generation windings 35 and 36 will be described in detail.
An electromotive force can be generated in the power generation windings 35 and 36 by energizing the windings 33 and 34 shown in FIGS. The current from the power generation windings 35 and 36 shown in FIG. 13 is full-wave rectified by the rectification unit 51 and flows to the consumption unit 52. The consumption unit 52 consumes the electric power from the power generation windings 35 and 36 according to the set resistance value.

  When the consumption current of the consumption unit 52 increases, the power generation windings 35 and 36 arranged coaxially with the windings 33 and 34 are more electromagnetically induced by the permanent magnet 22 of the rotor 20 than the electromagnetic induction by the windings 33 and 34. And the generated current generates a magnetic field that assists the windings 33 and 34.

  At this time, if the input voltage to the windings 33 and 34 is kept constant and the output current taken out from the power generation windings 35 and 36 by the consumption unit 52 is increased, the output voltage to the consumption unit 52 decreases, but the rotor The number of rotations of 20 decreases from current consumption (output current) 0A to a certain current, but then gradually becomes faster.

  As described above, since the rotational speed can be adjusted by adjusting the current consumption by the rotational speed adjustment unit 50 of the electric motor 13, the electric motor 13 can be a new electric motor capable of controlling the rotational speed.

  In addition, although the multifunctional electronic load apparatus which functions as the consumption part 52 was connected via the rectification | straightening part 51, when making the consumption part 52 into a short circuit state, the rectification | straightening part 51 can be abbreviate | omitted.

In the first to fourth embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1, 6, 9, and 11, the stator 30 is formed by arcuate windings (first winding 31 and second winding 32). Are formed in an annular shape, but the stator has the first winding so that the magnetic path from the end of the stator into the stator is perpendicular to the direction of the main magnetic flux from the rotor. The second winding may be formed in parallel.
Further, although the stator is formed by a pair of windings (the first winding 31 and the second winding 32), it may be formed in an annular shape by three or more windings.
When the stator is formed in an annular shape by three or more windings, the winding direction and the energization direction are controlled so that the ends of adjacent windings have the same polarity.

  When the stator is formed by an odd number of windings, even if the ends of adjacent windings have the same polarity, there can be one place where the opposite poles are different from each other. However, the portions that are different from each other can be regarded as pseudo-connected windings as a magnetic circuit. Therefore, although there is no problem, it is desirable to use an even number of windings because a useless gap is formed between the windings.

Although Embodiments 1 to 4 have been described as electric motors 11 to 13, they can be used as generators.
In Embodiment 1, the rotation speed adjustment unit 50 includes the rectification unit 51. However, if the power from the power generation windings 35 and 36 can be consumed as it is, the consumption unit 52 is connected to the power generation winding. You may connect directly to the lines 35 and 36.

Example 1
In Example 1, the counter electromotive force was measured using the electric motor 13 (see FIGS. 11 and 12) according to the third embodiment.
The number of turns is the sum of the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 (for one turn), and uses 680 turns of copper clad aluminum wire (Φ1.6 mm). In this case, copper clad aluminum wires (Φ1.6 mm) with 680 turns were used.
The permanent magnet 22 was a spherical neodymium magnet having a diameter of about 3.6 cm.

When measuring as a conventional electric motor, the stator 30 of the electric motor 13 was not energized, and only the straight tubular windings 33 and 34 were energized.
Moreover, when measuring as the electric motor of this invention, it supplied with electricity only to the 1st coil | winding 31 and the 2nd coil | winding 32 of the stator 30 without supplying with electricity to the winding 33,34 of a straight tube.
And the DC voltage of the both ends of the consumption part 52 to which the electromotive force generated from the coil | winding 35 for electric power generation is applied via the rectification part 51 shown in FIG. 13 was measured.
When the electric motor 13 was operated as a conventional electric motor, it was 40 V, but when the electric motor 13 was operated as the electric motor of the present invention, it was 20 V.
This also shows that the electric motor according to the present embodiment has a smaller counter electromotive force than the conventional electric motor.

(Example 2)
In Example 2, the rotor 20 was driven to rotate using the electric motor 12 (FIGS. 9 and 10) according to Embodiment 2, and the electromotive force was measured by operating as a generator.
When measuring as a conventional generator, the output voltage from the winding 34 was measured with the straight tubular winding 33 of the motor 12 as a stator and the winding 34 as a power generation winding.
When measuring as the generator of the present invention, from the first winding 31, the straight tubular winding 33 of the motor 12 is the stator, and the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 are the generating windings. The output voltage of was measured.
The rotational speed of the rotor 20 was 7800 rpm for both the conventional generator and the generator of the present invention. The number of windings of the first winding 31 and the second winding 32 and the windings 33 and 34 is the same as in the first embodiment.

When the electric motor 12 was operated as a conventional generator, the output from the winding 34 had a positive peak value of 66V, a negative peak value of -64V, and an effective value of 29V.
When the motor 12 is operated as a generator of the present invention, the output from the first winding 31 has a positive peak value of 8.6 V, a negative peak value of -8.2 V, and an effective value of 5.1 V. Met.

Thus, in the electric motor 12 operating as a conventional generator, the winding 33 arranged so as to face the rotor 20 has a large electromotive force because the main magnetic flux from the rotor 20 goes straight to the winding 34. Arise.
However, in the electric motor 12 that operates as the generator of the present invention, the main magnetic flux from the rotor 20 does not cross so as to enter straight into the cylinders of the first winding 31 and the second winding 32. The electromotive force is smaller than that of the electric motor 12 that operates as follows.
This also shows that the rotating electrical machine of the present invention has a smaller counter electromotive force than the conventional one.
Therefore, the electric motor 12 can be driven to rotate at a low voltage at the same rotation speed, and can be rotated at a high speed at the same voltage.

  Since the present invention can efficiently obtain a driving force from a plurality of rotors, any machine using an electric motor is suitable.

10, 11, 12, 13 Electric motor 20 Rotor 21 Rotating body 22 Permanent magnet 30 Stator 31 First winding 31T1, 31T2 End 32 Second winding 32T1, 32T2 End 33, 34 Winding 35, 36 Power generation Winding 40 Control circuit 41 Sensor part 411 First sensor part 412 Second sensor part 41a Photo interrupter 41b Shielding plate 41c Arc-shaped notch part 42 Excitation circuit part 421a, 421b First FET
422a, 422b Second FET
423a, 423b 3rd FET
G Gate terminal S Source terminal D Drain terminal R11, R12, R21, R22, R31, R32, R41, R42 Resistor C11, C12 Capacitor D11, D12, D21, D22 Diode 50 Rotation speed adjustment unit 51 Rectification unit 52 Consumption unit O1 Output Axis F1 Main magnetic flux direction L1 Rotation axis R Magnetic path S1 Clearance

Claims (7)

A rotor in which the permanent magnet rotates with either one of the N or S poles facing outward in the rotational radius direction;
A stator for exciting magnetic flux for rotationally driving the rotor,
In the stator, when the magnetic pole of the rotor faces the end of the stator, the magnetic path from the end of the stator into the stator intersects the main magnetic flux direction from the rotor. It formed in a direction,
The stator has a winding formed in an arc shape along a circumferential direction around the rotation axis of the rotor, and is arranged in an annular shape,
A rotating electrical machine in which a straight tubular winding is provided between ends of the plurality of arcuate windings . A plurality of stators;
Each of the stator, the gap windings with each other to form the stator, the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein arranged at a position shifted in the circumferential direction. Wherein the straight tube winding coaxially with the rotary electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the power generating windings are provided. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 3, wherein a rotating speed adjusting unit for adjusting a current from the power generating winding is connected. 5. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 4, wherein the rotation speed adjustment unit includes a rectification unit connected to the power generation winding and a consumption unit that consumes a current from the rectification unit. The rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , further comprising a control circuit that excites end portions of the stator windings to the same polarity. The permanent magnet rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 formed in a spherical shape 6.