JP6443935B2 - 動脈硬化の治療または予防のためのアスピリンおよび葉酸の併用 - Google Patents
動脈硬化の治療または予防のためのアスピリンおよび葉酸の併用 Download PDFInfo
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Description
1.1. 対象
2010年12月から2012年12月の間、血糖管理のため久留米大学病院に入院中の2型糖尿病患者32人が試験に参加した。9人の患者がスルホニル尿素、5人がメトホルミン、4人がピオグリタゾン、9人がDPP-4阻害剤、3人がインスリンによる治療を受けていた(表1)。除外基準には、HbA1c>11.0%、抗血小板薬の使用、妊娠および授乳、慢性炎症性疾患、近時の急性感染、血清クレアチニンレベル>88.4 μmol/L、肝機能障害 (AST>40 IU/L またはALT>40 IU/L)、既知の悪性疾患、喫煙、アスピリンアレルギー、脳血管障害歴、増殖性糖尿病網膜症、尿中アルブミンレベル>300 mg/日として規定される顕性アルブミン尿(macro-albuminuria)、および有痛性糖尿病性多発神経障害が含まれた。
試験期間中、適切な食事管理を継続した。対象には、激しい運動を避けるよう指示した。全ての対象から書面による同意書を得た。試験計画は、久留米大学医学部の倫理委員会の承認を受け、ヘルシンキ宣言の指針に沿って実施した。
血糖、血圧、脂質などの代謝パラメーターの安定化期間(7±2日(平均±S.D.))の後、対象を無作為に群Aおよび群Bに分けた(図1)。群Aの対象には、第一週に葉酸(フォリアミン(登録商標)錠、日本製薬株式会社) 20 mg+アスピリン(バイアスピリン(登録商標)錠、バイエル株式会社) 100 mgを1日1回投与し、次いで第二週にアスピリンのみを投与した。群Bの対象には、第一週にアスピリンを投与し、第二週に併用療法を施した。一晩絶食後、血流依存性血管拡張反応(Flow-mediated dilatation, FMD)、体重、および血圧を測定し、血液を基準時および各週の最後に採取した。
内皮機能の代理マーカーである上腕動脈FMDを、国際ガイドライン[21]にしたがい、朝食前に静かな部屋で仰臥位にて、エッジトラッキングシステムおよびパルスドップラー流速計を備えた血管超音波システム (株式会社ユネクス) にて測定した[20]。説明すると、安静時の上腕動脈の直径を測定した後、カフを200 mmHgまで膨張させ5分間維持した。その後、カフを迅速に収縮させ、動脈の直径を継続的にモニターした。FMDレベルは、以下の式にしたがい計算した: FMD (%) = (最大直径 - 安静時直径) × 100/安静時直径。
血液試料は、肘正中静脈から得た。グルコース、HbA1c、トリグリセリド (TG)、低密度リポタンパクコレステロール (LDL-C)、および高密度リポタンパクコレステロール (HDL-C) は、標準的プロトコールにしたがい測定した。葉酸およびインターロイキン-6 (IL-6) のレベルは、化学発光酵素免疫測定法により測定した。ホモシステイン(Hcy) レベルは、HPLC (株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ)により測定した。
統計学的解析は、JMPソフトウェア バージョン10 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, USA)を用いて実施した。各群における基準時のパラメーターの比較では、Student's t-testを連続型変数について使用し、Chi-square testをカテゴリー変数について使用した。各期間のデータの比較では、One-way, repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Bonferroni testを使用した。いずれのデータも、平均±S.D.で表し、0.05未満のP値を統計学的に有意と判断した。
2.1. アスピリンおよび葉酸の内皮機能に対する効果
群Aでは、1週間のアスピリンの葉酸の併用療法の結果、FMDレベルが3.8±2.0%から7.2±3.1%へ有意に増加し、続いてアスピリン単独療法により5.9±2.8%まで低下した(図2)。群Bでは、1週間のアスピリン単独療法の結果、FMDレベルが5.1±2.2%から6.8±2.9%へ有意に増加し、さらに併用療法後には9.0±3.6%まで増加した。
群Aの患者は、併用療法後に血清葉酸濃度が顕著に増加し、続いてアスピリン単独療法により減少した。予想どおり、群Bの患者の血清葉酸濃度は、アスピリン単独療法によっては変化しなかったが、併用療法の結果増加した(表2)。
一方、群Aの血清Hcy濃度は、アスピリン+葉酸の投与の結果有意に減少し、葉酸の中止後1週間抑制されたままであった。しかしながら、群Bの患者では、血清Hcy濃度はアスピリン単独療法により減少せず、葉酸の追加により有意に抑制された(表2)。
血清高感度CRP (hsCRP) のレベルは、両群において、アスピリン単独療法後も併用療法後も有意に減少した。血清IL-6レベルは、両群において、アスピリン単独療法後も併用療法後も減少する傾向にあったが、この減少は、群Bの併用療法後の値を除き、統計学的に有意ではなかった(表2)。
絶食時血漿グルコース、LDL-C、hsCRP、およびBMIのレベルは、両群において、基準時よりも各期間の終わりの方が有意に低かった。収縮期血圧は、アスピリン単独療法後に有意に減少した。いずれの時点でも、群Aおよび群Bの間で、BMI、血圧、絶食時血漿グルコース、LDL-C、HDL-C、またはTGに有意な差はみられなかった(表2)。
実施例1と同様にして、実施例1で解析した患者に加えて、葉酸単独療法を受けた患者(群C)について解析した。解析対象は、血糖管理のため久留米大学病院に入院中の2型糖尿病患者で、群A〜群Cで全46人であり、15人の患者がスルホニル尿素、11人がメトホルミン、4人がピオグリタゾン、14人がDPP-4阻害剤、4人がインスリンによる治療を受けていた(表3)。群Cの対象には、葉酸20 mgを7日間(1週間)投与した(図1)。
2.1. アスピリンおよび葉酸の内皮機能に対する効果
群Cにおいて、FMDレベルは5.2±3.3%から6.9±3.8%まで増加した。第一週のFMDの増加は、統計学的に有意な差ではなかったものの、アスピリン(群B)または葉酸(群C)を投与された患者と比較して、アスピリンと葉酸の両方を投与された患者(群A)の方が高かった(図2)。アスピリンと葉酸の併用療法は、アスピリンまたは葉酸の単独療法と比較して、内皮機能の改善に有効であることが示された。
群Cの臨床パラメーターの変化を、群Aおよび群Bの結果とともに表4に示す。群Cの患者において、葉酸単独療法後、血清葉酸濃度の上昇が見られた。血清Hcy濃度は、群Cにおいても有意に減少し、群A〜群Cの全てで葉酸の投与後に有意な減少がみられた。hsCRPのレベルは、アスピリン単独療法後または併用療法後に有意に減少したが、群Cの葉酸単独療法では減少しなかった。
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Claims (8)
- 葉酸と併用するための、アスピリンを含む動脈硬化の治療または予防用の医薬組成物であって、アスピリンが1日あたり10〜400mgで投与され、かつ、葉酸が1日あたり5〜40mgで投与される、医薬組成物。
- アスピリンが1日あたり50〜200mgで投与される、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 葉酸が1日あたり5〜20mgで投与される、請求項1または2記載の医薬組成物。
- 2型糖尿病患者に投与される、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
- アスピリンと併用するための、葉酸を含む動脈硬化の治療または予防用の医薬組成物であって、アスピリンが1日あたり10〜400mgで投与され、かつ、葉酸が1日あたり5〜40mgで投与される、医薬組成物。
- アスピリンと葉酸とを含む、動脈硬化の治療または予防用の医薬組成物であって、アスピリンが1日あたり10〜400mgで投与され、かつ、葉酸が1日あたり5〜40mgで投与される、医薬組成物。
- アスピリンが1日あたり50〜200mgで投与され、かつ、葉酸が1日あたり5〜20mgで投与される、請求項6記載の医薬組成物。
- 動脈硬化の治療または予防用のキットであって、アスピリンを含む医薬組成物と、葉酸を含む医薬組成物とを含み、アスピリンが1日あたり10〜400mgで投与され、かつ、葉酸が1日あたり5〜40mgで投与される、キット。
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