JP6644144B2 - エンジン付きrepを用いるエネルギ貯蔵 - Google Patents
エンジン付きrepを用いるエネルギ貯蔵 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6644144B2 JP6644144B2 JP2018525361A JP2018525361A JP6644144B2 JP 6644144 B2 JP6644144 B2 JP 6644144B2 JP 2018525361 A JP2018525361 A JP 2018525361A JP 2018525361 A JP2018525361 A JP 2018525361A JP 6644144 B2 JP6644144 B2 JP 6644144B2
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 69
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 146
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 135
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 112
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 112
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 112
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002108 rapid electrokinetic patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B5/00—Electrogenerative processes, i.e. processes for producing compounds in which electricity is generated simultaneously
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/186—Regeneration by electrochemical means by electrolytic decomposition of the electrolytic solution or the formed water product
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1241—Natural gas or methane
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
- C01B2203/148—Details of the flowsheet involving a recycle stream to the feed of the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/80—Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
- C01B2203/84—Energy production
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
- H01M2008/147—Fuel cells with molten carbonates
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- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/407—Combination of fuel cells with mechanical energy generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
本出願は、参照によって開示全体が本明細書に組み込まれる、2015年11月16日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/255,868号の利益およびこれに対する優先権を主張するものである。
政府権利の陳述
本発明は、アメリカ合衆国エネルギー省によって認められた共同合意DE−EE0006669の下、政府支援でなされた。政府は発明に一定の権利を有する。
貯蔵される電力
水素生成−26kWh/kg
水素貯蔵−3kWh/kg
生成される電力
55%の効率における電力生成‐18.5kWh/kg
往復効率=18.5/(26+3)=64%(または高圧貯蔵がない場合71%)
4H2+CO2→CH4+2H2O (1)
また、ボトミングREPアセンブリが電力生成モードで運転する場合、電流密度は、REPアセンブリのセルにおいて生じる熱によって制限され得る。
CO2+4H2→CH4+2H2O (2)
CO+3H2→CH4+H2O (3)
好適には、改質器430は、少なくともH2N2、CH4の混合物を備える変換後の水素含有ガスを出力する。改質器出力ガスは更に、第1の改質器熱交換器432において冷却され、EHCアノード442へ供給される。
60CH4+8CO2+32H2→68CH4+16H2O (4)
Claims (15)
- 二酸化炭素を備える排ガスを発生させるように構成された発電装置と、
第1の燃料電池であって、
電解質マトリックスによって隔てられたアノードおよびカソードと、
前記第1の燃料電池を電解装置として逆に運転するために前記第1の燃料電池に逆電圧を印加するように構成された電源とを備え、
前記第1の燃料電池は、前記発電装置からの前記排ガスの少なくとも一部を受け取るように構成され、
前記アノードは、前記排ガスを介して二酸化炭素を受け取り、かつ別の供給物からメタンを受け取るように構成され、
前記アノードは、水素および一酸化炭素を備える水素含有ガス混合物を出力するように構成された、第1の燃料電池と、
前記第1の燃料電池の前記アノードから出力された前記水素含有ガス混合物をメタン化し、前記水素含有ガス混合物内の前記一酸化炭素のほぼ全てをメタンに変換するように構成され、ガス混合物を出力するように構成された改質器と、
前記改質器によって出力された前記ガス混合物から水素を分離するように構成された、水素ポンプとして逆に運転する第2の燃料電池と
を備えるエネルギ貯蔵システム。 - 前記第1の燃料電池の前記カソードは、前記発電装置からの前記排ガスを受け取るように構成される、請求項1に記載のエネルギ貯蔵システム。
- 前記発電装置は内燃エンジンである、請求項1に記載のエネルギ貯蔵システム。
- 前記供給物を更に備え、前記供給物は、前記発電装置の前記排ガスとは別に前記第1の燃料電池の前記アノードへメタンを供給するように構成される、請求項1に記載のエネルギ貯蔵システム。
- 前記供給物は、メタンおよび二酸化炭素を備え、
前記第2の燃料電池によって出力される水素の量は、前記供給物によって供給される炭素の量に比例する、請求項4に記載のエネルギ貯蔵システム。 - 前記第1の燃料電池の前記カソードは、前記第2の燃料電池のアノードから出力されたガス混合物を受け取るように構成される、請求項1に記載のエネルギ貯蔵システム。
- 前記改質器は更に、前記第1の燃料電池によって出力された前記水素含有ガスに含まれる二酸化炭素をメタンに変換するように構成される、請求項1に記載のエネルギ貯蔵システム。
- 前記第2の燃料電池は、純化水素ガスを出力するために電気化学水素コンプレッサを用いて水素含有ガスを圧縮するように構成される、請求項1に記載のエネルギ貯蔵システム。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のエネルギ貯蔵システムを用いて水素を発生させる方法であって、
前記発電装置へ燃料を供給し、前記発電装置を用いて前記排ガスを発生させることと、
前記第1の燃料電池において、前記発電装置からの前記排ガスおよび水蒸気を受け取ることと、
前記第1の燃料電池の前記アノードにおいて、前記排ガスを介して二酸化炭素を受け取り、前記別の供給物からのメタンを受け取ることと、
前記第1の燃料電池から、水素および一酸化炭素を備える前記水素含有ガス混合物を出力することと、
前記改質器を用いて、前記第1の燃料電池から受け取った前記一酸化炭素のほぼ全てをメタンに変換することと、
前記第2の燃料電池を用いて、前記改質器から出力された前記ガス混合物から水素を分離することと、
前記第2の燃料電池からの残りのガス混合物を前記第1の燃料電池の前記カソードへ供給することと
を備える方法。 - 前記電源が前記第1の燃料電池に逆電圧を印加すると、前記第1の燃料電池の前記アノードにおいて水素含有ガスを発生させることと、
前記第1の燃料電池の前記アノードにおける電解反応を用いて、前記水素含有ガスから二酸化炭素を分離することと
を更に備える、請求項9に記載の方法。 - 前記第1の燃料電池は前記水素含有ガスを出力し、二酸化炭素および酸素を備える酸化剤ガスを別に出力する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の燃料電池における電気化学水素コンプレッサを少なくとも用いて、前記第1の燃料電池の前記アノードからの水素含有ガスを圧縮することを更に備える、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の燃料電池のカソードから、純化水素ガスを出力することを更に備える、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の燃料電池からの前記残りのガス混合物は、前記第2の燃料電池のアノードから出力される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記エネルギ貯蔵システムに貯蔵すべき電力がない場合、前記排ガスからの熱を前記第1の燃料電池の前記カソードのみに供給し、前記熱が前記第1の燃料電池を所望の運転温度に維持するようにすることを更に備える、請求項9に記載の方法。
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| US62/255,868 | 2015-11-16 | ||
| PCT/US2016/062083 WO2017087413A1 (en) | 2015-11-16 | 2016-11-15 | Energy storage using an rep with an engine |
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| WO2017087413A1 (en) | 2017-05-26 |
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