JP6933851B2 - Hysteresis rotor, brake mechanism, and manufacturing method of hysteresis rotor - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a hysteresis rotor, a brake mechanism, and a method for manufacturing a hysteresis rotor, which can further improve the brake torque by obtaining anisotropy that facilitates magnetization over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction.

As shown in Patent Document 1, for example, the electromagnetic hysteresis brake has an exciting coil built-in, and a frame formed so that the outer magnetic pole and the inner magnetic pole have a substantially tubular gap portion, and the magnetic pole and the coaxial center. It is composed of a shaft rotatably mounted on the frame and a bowl-shaped hysteresis rotor fixed to the shaft. Generally, the hysteresis rotor is integrally made of an isotropic permanent magnet material having no orientation in a specific direction, and a cylindrical portion of the bowl shape is inserted into the substantially tubular void portion.

In this configuration, when the exciting coil is energized, a magnetic field line flows through a substantially cylindrical gap, and when the shaft is rotated and the cylindrical portion of the hysteresis rotor moves in this magnetic field line, a brake torque to stop the rotation is generated. And functions as a hysteresis brake.

However, when an isotropic permanent magnet material is used for the hysteresis rotor, there is a problem that sufficient braking torque cannot be obtained.

Therefore, in Patent Document 2, a part of the hysteresis rotor (hysteresis ring of semi-rigid magnetic material) (parts other than both ends in the diametrical direction) is oriented so that magnetic flux can easily pass in the circumferential direction to brake. We are trying to improve the torque. As this orientation treatment method, anisotropy is achieved by generating a magnetic flux in the radial direction of the hysteresis rotor during the heat treatment. Further, magnetic flux forming portions are arranged on both end portions in the radial direction of the hysteresis rotor, and the magnetic flux forming portions are oriented along the circumferential direction in the substantially radial direction of the hysteresis rotor.

Jikken 1-1636 Gazette Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-71206

However, the orientation treatment of the hysteresis rotor described in Patent Document 2 provides anisotropy that facilitates the passage of magnetic flux in the circumferential direction only in a part of the hysteresis rotor, and is different at both ends of the hysteresis rotor. No directionality was obtained, and the effect of improving the braking torque due to anisotropy was limited.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and a hysteresis rotor, a braking mechanism, and a hysteresis capable of further improving the braking torque by obtaining anisotropy that facilitates magnetization over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a rotor.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the object, the hysteresis rotor according to the present invention has an arc shape in which a cylinder is divided in the circumferential direction, and a rotor element piece having anisotropy that is easily magnetized in the circumferential direction is formed around the circumference. It is characterized by including the cylinder formed by combining a plurality of cylinders in the direction.

Further, the hysteresis rotor according to the present invention has a flat plate shape forming a regular polygonal cylinder corresponding to a cylinder, and a plurality of rotor elements having anisotropy that are easily magnetized corresponding to the circumferential direction are combined in the circumferential direction. It is characterized in that it is provided with the regular polygonal cylinder formed in the above.

Further, in the hysteresis rotor according to the present invention, in the above invention, the rotor element piece is parallel to the tangential direction at the central portion with respect to the circumferential direction of the cylinder or the regular polygonal cylinder after combination in a parallel magnetic field. The feature is that the heat treatment is performed in the magnetic field in parallel with the magnetic field direction.

Further, the hysteresis rotor according to the present invention has the property that the rotor element piece is separated into two phases of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic by a spinodal phenomenon in the above invention, and the ferromagnetic particles are treated in a magnetic field. Is made of a magnetic material having a characteristic of growing in the magnetic flux direction.

Further, in the above invention, the hysteresis rotor according to the present invention has an engaging portion that meshes with and is joined to the end faces of adjacent rotor pieces on the end faces parallel to the cylindrical axis direction of the rotor pieces. It is characterized by being.

Further, the hysteresis rotor according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the cylinder or the regular polygonal cylinder is formed by laminating a plurality of layers of the rotor elements in the radial direction.

Further, the brake mechanism according to the present invention is characterized in that the hysteresis rotor according to any one of the above inventions is used as an electromagnetic hysteresis brake.

Further, the method for manufacturing a hysteresis rotor according to the present invention is an arc shape in which a cylinder is divided in the circumferential direction or a flat plate shape in which a regular polygonal cylinder corresponding to the cylinder is formed, and is easily magnetized in the circumferential direction. Heat treatment in a magnetic field is performed in a parallel magnetic field by paralleling the tangential direction at the center of the cylinder or the regular polygonal cylinder with respect to the circumferential direction of the parallel magnetic field and the magnetic flux direction of the parallel magnetic field. It is characterized in that a plurality of rotor pieces after heat treatment in a magnetic field are combined in the circumferential direction to form the cylinder or a regular polygonal cylinder.

According to the present invention, the cylinder is provided with an arc shape obtained by dividing the cylinder in the circumferential direction and formed by combining a plurality of rotor elements having anisotropy that are easily magnetized in the circumferential direction in the circumferential direction. Therefore, it is possible to obtain anisotropy that facilitates magnetization over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction, further improve the braking torque, facilitate manufacturing, and improve the yield.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a hysteresis rotor according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the hysteresis rotor shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state of magnetic flux passing through a rotor piece placed in a parallel magnetic field. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the hysteresis rotor according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the hysteresis rotor shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a gap formed between the rotor pieces shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the hysteresis rotor according to the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the hysteresis rotor shown in FIG. 7. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a gap formed between the rotor pieces shown in FIG. 7. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the hysteresis rotor according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of the hysteresis rotor shown in FIG. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a gap formed between the rotor pieces shown in FIG. FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the hysteresis rotor according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a front view of the hysteresis rotor shown in FIG. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a braking mechanism using the hysteresis rotor shown in the first embodiment as an electromagnetic hysteresis brake.

Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
[overall structure]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the hysteresis rotor 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Further, FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the hysteresis rotor 10 shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the hysteresis rotor 10 is an arc-shaped rotor piece 5 having an arc shape in which the cylindrical portion 4 is divided into circumferential RTs and easily magnetized in the circumferential direction RT. The cylindrical portion 4 is formed by combining a plurality of the two. Each rotor piece 5 is arranged and combined with a step portion 6 provided on the peripheral edge of the disk 3. Each rotor piece 5 is joined to the disk 3 via the step portion 6. The rotor main body 1 has a columnar shaft portion 2 and a disk 3 arranged at one end of the shaft portion 2 in the axial direction. Further, the shaft portion 2 is provided with a rotating shaft hole 2a. A rotary shaft 7, which will be described later, is attached to the rotary shaft hole 2a.

[Orientation treatment of rotor pieces]
As shown in FIG. 3, the rotor element pieces 5 have a tangential direction (Y direction) at the central portion (position P1) in the circumferential direction RT of the cylindrical portion 4 after combination in a parallel magnetic field, and a magnetic flux φ of the parallel magnetic field. Heat treatment is performed in a magnetic field in parallel with the direction (Y direction). The tangential direction is also the chord direction of the rotor element piece 5.

In general, since the magnetic flux easily passes through the hysteresis material, the magnetic flux φ flows along the arc shape of the rotor element piece 5. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, by arranging the arc shape of the rotor element 5 in the parallel magnetic field so that the chord direction is substantially parallel to the magnetic flux φ direction, the magnetic flux φR is the arc of the rotor element 5. By flowing through the shape in the circumferential direction and heat-treating in this state, anisotropy that is easily magnetized in the circumferential direction can be obtained.

The rotor element 5 is a magnetic material having a property of separating into two phases of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic by a spinodal phenomenon and a property of ferromagnetic particles growing in the magnetic flux direction by processing in a magnetic field. Is formed by.

A magnetic material having a property of separating into two phases of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic by a spinodal phenomenon and a property of ferromagnetic particles growing in the magnetic field direction by processing in a magnetic field is a parallel magnetic field having a predetermined magnetic field. When the magnetic material is placed inside and two-phase separation processing is performed by the spinodal phenomenon, ferromagnetic particles grow in the magnetic field direction so as to reduce the electrostatic static energy, and an anisotropic magnet that is easily magnetized in the magnetic field φR direction. The material is obtained.

Examples of such magnetic materials include iron-chromium-cobalt (Fe-Cr-Co: FCC) magnets and alnico (Al-Ni-Co) magnets.

The rotor element piece 5 is manufactured of such a magnetic material, and the rotor element piece 5 is installed so that the arc-shaped chord direction of the rotor element piece 5 and the magnetic flux φ direction of the parallel magnetic field are substantially parallel to each other. When the two-phase separation process is performed according to the above, the rotor element piece 5 has anisotropy that is easily magnetized in the circumferential direction due to the magnetic flux φR flowing along the arc direction of the rotor element piece 5. By manufacturing the hysteresis rotor 10 using the rotor pieces 5 manufactured in this manner, the hysteresis rotor 10 has anisotropy that is easily magnetized in the circumferential direction over the entire circumference, so that the brake torque can be improved.

For the FCC material, for example, the molten material is processed into a predetermined shape, homogenized heat treatment is performed to form an α-phase single-phase structure, and then FeCo (α1) having a single magnetic domain particle size is utilized by utilizing the spinodal phenomenon. ) When the two-phase separation in which the ferromagnetic particles are finely dispersed in the Cr-rich (α2) non-magnetic phase is promoted, a coercive force is developed, and a so-called permanent magnet material is obtained. When the FCC material is placed in a constant magnetic field environment in the temperature region where the two-phase separation progresses, the FeCo (α1) ferromagnetic particles are stretched in the direction of the magnetic flux that reduces the magnetostatic energy, and are anisotropic and permanent with orientation. It becomes a magnet material.

On the other hand, when a magnetic material is put into a stationary magnetic field, a phenomenon is observed in which the magnetic flux traveling straight is bent, converged, or dissipated depending on the magnetic characteristics and shape of the magnetic material. Specifically, when an arc-shaped magnetic material obtained by dividing the ring shape in the circumferential direction is applied to a magnetic field parallel to the chord direction, the magnetic flux φR passing through the arc-shaped magnetic material is along the curvature of the arc. Turn.

In the first embodiment, these two phenomena are applied, and the arc-shaped FCC material is installed so that the arc-shaped chord direction is parallel to the magnetic flux φ direction in an environment having a constant magnetic field, and the spinodal phenomenon is applied. By performing the two-phase separation process, FeCo ferromagnetic particles appear, and the FeCo ferromagnetic particles grow in the direction of the magnetic flux φR that reduces the magnetostatic energy, that is, in the arc direction, and are easily magnetized in the circumferential direction. It becomes a magnetic material with properties. The electromagnetic hysteresis brake using the hysteresis rotor 10 using the FCC material having magnetic anisotropy manufactured by this manufacturing method has about twice the braking torque as compared with the case where the hysteresis rotor is manufactured from the isotropic material. Obtained.

In the first embodiment, the rotor element piece 5 can be provided with anisotropy that facilitates magnetization over the entire circumferential direction of the circumferential RT. As a result, by combining a plurality of rotor pieces 5, a hysteresis rotor 10 having anisotropy that facilitates magnetization in the circumferential direction over the entire circumference of the cylindrical portion 4 can be obtained, and the brake torque can be improved due to the anisotropy. It becomes.

When the hysteresis rotor of the cylindrical portion is manufactured integrally, all the materials of the inner portion of the cylindrical portion are scrapped, and the material yield is poor. On the other hand, in the first embodiment, since the rotor element 5 obtained by dividing the cylindrical portion 4 in the circumferential direction is combined, the material yield is dramatically improved. Specifically, when the rotor was cut out from the plate material, the yield of the integrally manufactured cylindrical portion was 4.5%, and the yield of the cylindrical portion manufactured using the rotor element piece 5 was 26%.

(Embodiment 2)
Next, the second embodiment will be described. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the hysteresis rotor 20 of the second embodiment has the rotor element piece 25 corresponding to the rotor element piece 5 in FIG. 1 of the cylindrical portion 24 corresponding to the cylindrical portion 4 in FIG. The end face parallel to the axial direction has an engaging portion 21 that meshes with and is joined to the end face of the adjacent rotor element pieces 25. The engaging portion 21 is formed with a convex portion 21a that is convex parallel to the axial direction on one end side of the circumferential direction RT, and a concave portion 21b that is concave parallel to the axial direction on the other end side. That is, the engaging portion 21 is formed with irregularities in the radial direction. The engaging portion 21 is formed so that the convex portion 21a and the concave portion 21b mesh with each other at the ends of the adjacent rotor pieces 25.

In the second embodiment, since the end faces of the adjacent rotor pieces 25 are provided with a shape that meshes with each other, the length of the circumferential RT of the rotor pieces 25 becomes shorter due to an error or the like. When the 25s are combined to form the cylindrical portion 24, as shown in FIG. 6, even if a gap 22 is formed between the end faces of the adjacent rotor element pieces 25, the meshing shape portions overlap each other, so that when the rotor element pieces 25 are joined. It is possible to avoid a decrease in strength and a discontinuity in magnetic characteristics in the circumferential direction. As a result, it is not necessary to improve the accuracy of the circumferential RT length of the rotor element 25.

(Embodiment 3)
The engaging portion 21 of the rotor element piece 25 of the second embodiment described above has a convex portion 21a formed on one end side of the circumferential direction RT which is convex parallel to the axial direction and concave on the other end side parallel to the axial direction. A recess 21b was formed. In the hysteresis rotor 30 of the third embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the rotor element piece 35 corresponding to the rotor element piece 25 in FIG. 4 is the cylindrical portion 34 corresponding to the cylindrical portion 4 in FIG. The end face parallel to the axial direction has an engaging portion 31 that meshes with and is joined to the end face of the adjacent rotor element pieces 35. The engaging portion 31 is formed with a convex portion 31a that is convex in the radial direction on one end side of the circumferential direction RT, and a concave portion 31b that is concave in the radial direction on the other end side. That is, the engaging portion 31 is formed with irregularities in the axial direction. The engaging portion 31 is formed so that the convex portion 31a and the concave portion 31b mesh with each other at the ends of the adjacent rotor pieces 35.

In the third embodiment, similarly to the second embodiment described above, since the end faces of the adjacent rotor element pieces 35 are provided with a shape that meshes with each other, the length of the circumferential RT of the rotor element pieces 35 may have an error or the like. In the case of being shorter, when the rotor element pieces 35 are combined to form the cylindrical portion 34, as shown in FIG. 9, even if a gap 32 is generated between the end faces of the adjacent rotor element pieces 35, the meshing shape portion is formed. Since they overlap each other, it is possible to avoid a decrease in strength at the time of joining the rotor pieces 35 and a discontinuity in the magnetic characteristics in the circumferential direction. As a result, it is not necessary to improve the accuracy of the circumferential RT length of the rotor element 35.

(Embodiment 4)
Next, the fourth embodiment will be described. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the hysteresis rotor 40 shown in the fourth embodiment is a cylinder in which a plurality of rotor pieces 45a, 45b, 45c corresponding to the rotor element 5 in FIG. 1 are laminated in a radial direction. The portion 44 is formed. In FIGS. 10 and 11, the rotor pieces 45a, 45b, and 45c have a three-layer structure consisting of an outermost layer, an intermediate layer, and an innermost layer, respectively.

In the fourth embodiment, since the rotor element pieces 45a, 45b, 45c are laminated in a plurality of layers in the radial direction, the lengths of the rotor element pieces 45a, 45b, 45c in the circumferential direction may be shortened due to an error or the like. Then, when the rotor element pieces 45c of the innermost layer are combined, as shown in FIG. 12, even if a gap 41 occurs between the adjacent rotor element pieces 45c, the joining position of the rotor element pieces 45b of the adjacent intermediate layer is the maximum. By setting the joining position of the rotor element pieces 45c of the inner layer and the positions different in the circumferential direction RT, the rotor element pieces 45c of the adjacent innermost layer having a gap 41 can be joined by the rotor element pieces 25b of the adjacent intermediate layer. You can. As a result, it is possible to avoid a decrease in the bonding strength between the adjacent rotor pieces 45a, 45b, 45c and a discontinuity in the magnetic characteristics in the circumferential direction due to the gap 41. As a result, it is not necessary to improve the accuracy of the circumferential RT length of the rotor elements 45a, 45b, 45c.

(Embodiment 5)
Next, the fifth embodiment will be described. The rotor pieces 5, 25, 35, 45a, 45b, and 45c in FIGS. 1, 4, 7 and 10 described above have an arc shape, and the cylindrical portions 4, 24, 34, 44 in FIGS. 1, 4, 7 and 10, respectively. However, in the hysteresis rotor 50 shown in the fifth embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the flat plate-shaped rotor pieces 55 are combined to be shown in FIGS. 1, 4, 7, and 10. A regular polygonal cylinder 54 is formed in place of the cylindrical portions 4, 24, 34, and 44. Like the rotor pieces 5, 25, 35, 45a, 45b, and 45c in FIGS. 1, 4, 7, and 10, each rotor piece 55 has anisotropy that is easily magnetized in correspondence with the circumferential RT. Then, a plurality of regular polygonal tubular portions 54 are formed by combining a plurality of them in the circumferential direction RT.

Although the regular polygonal cylinder portion 54 is not cylindrical, it functions as a hysteresis material similar to the cylindrical portions 4, 24, 34, 44 in FIGS. 1, 4, 7 and 10 by making the number of divisions sufficiently fine. ..

For example, in FIGS. 13 and 14, a regular polygonal cylinder portion 54 is formed by a flat plate-shaped rotor element 55 obtained by dividing a cylindrical shape into 36 parts.

In the fifth embodiment, it is not necessary to make the rotor element piece 55 into an arc shape, and a flat plate shape may be used, so that the production becomes easy.

(Embodiment 6)
The sixth embodiment is a braking mechanism using the hysteresis rotors 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 shown in the above-described first to fifth embodiments as the electromagnetic hysteresis brake. Here, an example in which the hysteresis rotor 10 is used as an electromagnetic hysteresis brake is shown.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a brake mechanism 70 using the hysteresis rotor 10 shown in the first embodiment as an electromagnetic hysteresis brake. As shown in FIG. 15, the brake mechanism 70 is inserted into the annular gap 63 of the stator 60 without contacting the cylindrical portion 4 of the hysteresis rotor 10. A rotary shaft 7 is inserted into and coupled to the rotary shaft hole 2a of the hysteresis rotor 10. The hysteresis rotor 10 and the rotating shaft 7 rotate integrally.

The stator 60 has an outer magnetic pole 60a on the outer peripheral side and an inner magnetic pole 60b on the inner peripheral side. The outer pole 60a and the inner pole 60b have outer pole teeth 61a and inner pole teeth 61b formed on the gap 63 side into which the cylindrical portion 4 is inserted, respectively. The stator 60 is provided with a coil 62 inside, and when an exciting current is passed through the coil 62, a magnetic field line flows through the gap 63, and when the cylindrical portion 4 of the hysteresis rotor 10 moves in the magnetic field line, the stator 60 stops rotating due to a hysteresis loss. Brake torque is generated and functions as an electromagnetic hysteresis brake.

The components of the above-described embodiments 1 to 6 can be appropriately combined.

1 Rotor body 2 Shaft 2a Rotating shaft hole 3 Disk 4,24,34,44 Cylindrical part 5,25,35,45a,45b,45c,55 Rotor element 6 Stepped part 7 Rotating shaft 10,20,30, 40,50 Hysteresis rotor 21,31 Engagement part 21a, 31a Convex part 21b, 31b Recessed part 22, 32, 41 Gap 54 Regular polygonal cylinder part 60 Stator 60a Outer magnetic pole 60b Inner magnetic pole 61a Outer pole tooth 61b Inner pole tooth 62 Coil 63 Air gap 70 Brake mechanism RT Circumferential direction φ, φR Magnetic flux

Claims (8)

Hysteresis rotor used as a hysteresis brake
The cylinder is provided with an arc shape obtained by dividing a cylinder in the circumferential direction, each of which is formed by combining a plurality of rotor elements of a hysteresis magnetic material having anisotropy that is easily magnetized in the circumferential direction over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction. Hysteresis rotor characterized by that. Hysteresis rotor used as a hysteresis brake
A plurality of rotor elements of a hysteresis magnetic material , each of which has a flat plate shape forming a regular polygonal cylinder corresponding to a cylinder and has anisotropy corresponding to the circumferential direction and easily magnetized, are combined over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction. A hysteresis rotor characterized by having a formed regular polygonal cylinder. The first or second claim, wherein the end surface of the rotor element piece parallel to the cylindrical axis direction has an engaging portion that meshes with and joins the end surface of the adjacent rotor element piece. Hysteresis rotor. The hysteresis rotor according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the cylinder is formed by laminating a plurality of layers of the rotor elements in the radial direction. The hysteresis rotor according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the regular polygonal cylinder corresponding to the cylinder is formed by laminating a plurality of layers of the rotor elements in the radial direction. A brake mechanism using the hysteresis rotor according to any one of claims 1 to 5 as an electromagnetic hysteresis brake. A method for manufacturing a hysteresis rotor used as a hysteresis brake.
A rotor piece of hysteresis magnetic material that has an arc shape in which a cylinder is divided in the circumferential direction or a flat plate shape that forms a regular polygonal cylinder corresponding to the cylinder, and each has an anisotropy that is easy to magnetize in the circumferential direction. In a parallel magnetic field, heat treatment in a magnetic field is performed in parallel with the tangential direction at the central portion of the cylinder or the regular polygonal cylinder after the combination with respect to the circumferential direction of the parallel magnetic field.
A method for manufacturing a hysteresis rotor, which comprises combining a plurality of rotor pieces after heat treatment in a magnetic field over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction to form the cylinder or a regular polygonal cylinder. The rotor element is formed of a magnetic material having the property of separating into two phases, ferromagnetic and non-magnetic by the spinodal phenomenon, and the property of ferromagnetic particles growing in the magnetic flux direction by processing in a magnetic field. The method for manufacturing a hysteresis rotor according to claim 7, wherein the hysteresis rotor has been manufactured.

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