JP7443469B2 - Storage battery management device, storage battery management method, and storage battery management program - Google Patents

Description

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a storage battery management device, a storage battery management method, and a storage battery management program.

In recent years, demand response (DR), which reduces the total amount of electricity demanded by multiple consumers by a predetermined amount depending on the power supply situation, and energy resource aggregation, which is an initiative that utilizes this, have become popular.・Attention to business (ERAB) is increasing. Furthermore, a technology is also known in which storage batteries installed on the premises of multiple consumers are controlled in an integrated manner, and energy management services and ancillary services are provided to each storage battery.

Furthermore, there is also known a technique for controlling storage batteries installed on the consumer side for the purpose of peak cutting of received power for each consumer.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2016-220384 International Publication No. 2016/084347 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-19485 International Publication No. 2017/203664

However, in the conventional technology, when the start time of demand response is variable, it is sometimes difficult to perform both demand response and peak cutting of the amount of received power for each consumer.

The storage battery management device of the embodiment includes a prediction unit and a creation unit. The prediction unit predicts the amount of power demanded by each of the plurality of consumers in units of time. The preparation unit determines, based on the predicted power demand for each consumer, that the amount of power received by each hourly unit of each of the plurality of consumers is equal to or less than the target value determined for each consumer, and that In any time unit included in the first time period, the total amount of electricity obtained by subtracting the minimum amount of electricity stored for each consumer from the remaining amount of electricity stored in the storage battery owned by each of the plurality of consumers is: A first charging/discharging method that defines the amount of charging and discharging of the storage battery owned by each consumer for each unit of time so that the amount of reduction is greater than or equal to a predetermined amount with respect to the total amount of power received by a plurality of consumers. Create a plan.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overview of an electric power supply and demand system according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the DR possible time period and the DR activation time period according to the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of functions that the storage battery management device according to the embodiment has. FIG. 4 is an example of contract content data of each customer according to the embodiment. FIG. 5 is an example of storage battery performance data of each consumer according to the embodiment. FIG. 6 is an example of the past performance of received power amount of each consumer according to the embodiment. FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the flow of the first charging/discharging plan creation process according to the embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the peak cut target value and the predicted power demand according to the embodiment. FIG. 9 is a line graph showing an example of the remaining amount of power stored in the storage battery according to the embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the power supply and demand balance according to the embodiment. FIG. 11 is a graph showing an example of the first charging/discharging plan according to the embodiment. FIG. 12 is a graph obtained by extracting data regarding one customer from the first charging/discharging plan according to the embodiment. FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the process of executing the first charging/discharging plan and creating the second charging/discharging plan according to the embodiment. FIG. 14 is a graph showing an example of the second charging/discharging plan according to the embodiment. FIG. 15 is a graph obtained by extracting data regarding one customer 3 from the second charging/discharging plan according to the embodiment.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overview of an electric power supply and demand system S according to an embodiment. The system operator 6 shown in FIG. 1 is an electric power company, a power transmission and distribution company, etc., and operates the electric power system 5 and controls the generator 8 to supply power to the plurality of consumers 3 and 7. supply

The consumer 3 and the consumer 7 are entities that receive electricity and use the electricity. In this embodiment, the consumer 3 is a consumer included in the management range 1 of the DR aggregator 2, which will be described later, and is, for example, a building housing an office or a commercial facility. Furthermore, the consumer 7 is assumed to be a factory, a building, a residence, or the like. Further, the consumer 3 may be a business operator that operates a building or the like.

Moreover, each consumer 3 has a storage battery 4 and a solar power generation device (Photovoltaics, PV) 9. In this embodiment, it is assumed that all consumers 3 have storage batteries 4. The storage battery 4 is used for peak cutting and demand response, which will be described later, and is also used to allow the consumers 3 to continue their business for a certain period of time even if the power supply from the power system 5 to each consumer 3 is stopped in the event of a disaster, etc. It is also used to store necessary electricity. The amount of power that allows the consumer 3 to continue business for a certain period of time even if the power supply is interrupted is called BCP (Business Continuity Planning) capacity. The BCP capacity is an example of the minimum amount of electricity stored in the storage battery 4 in this embodiment, and is determined for each customer 3. Moreover, when the consumer 3 does not use the storage battery 4 for BCP, the BCP capacity becomes "0".

The DR aggregator 2 is an operator that performs demand response by reducing the amount of received power of a plurality of consumers 3 based on a request to reduce the amount of received power (DR request) from the system operator 6. The DR aggregator 2 of this embodiment calculates the total amount of power received by each customer 3 in a predetermined time period by controlling the storage battery 4 of each customer 3 based on a reduction request from the system operator 6. , the total value of the baseline power of each consumer 3 is reduced by a predetermined amount.

The baseline power in this embodiment is the expected power demand of each consumer 3. Furthermore, the baseline power may be the amount of power received by each consumer 3 when the received power is not reduced by demand response. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the amount of reduction that is predetermined for the total amount of power received by a plurality of consumers 3 based on a contract or the like in demand response is referred to as a DR amount.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the DR aggregator 2 reducing the amount of received power in response to a reduction request from the system operator 6 is referred to as "activating demand response." In this embodiment, the time period in which the DR aggregator 2 may receive a reduction request from the grid operator 6 is referred to as a "DR possible time period." Further, among the DR possible time slots, the time slot in which the DR aggregator 2 actually activates DR in response to a reduction request from the grid operator 6 is referred to as a "DR activation time slot."

Further, the DR aggregator 2 of this embodiment performs not only demand response but also peak cutting of the amount of received power for each customer 3. Specifically, the DR aggregator 2 controls the storage battery 4 of each consumer 3 to make the maximum amount of received power for each consumer 3 equal to or less than a predetermined peak cut target value. Details of the peak cut target value will be described later with reference to FIG. 4.

The DR aggregator 2 creates a charging or discharging schedule (charging and discharging plan) for the storage battery 4 using the storage battery management device 10, and controls charging and discharging of the storage battery 4 according to the charging and discharging plan. The storage battery management device 10 is a PC (Personal Computer) or the like, and includes a CPU, a memory, an HDD, a communication interface (I/F), a display device such as a display, and an input device such as a keyboard or mouse. It has a hardware configuration that uses a normal computer.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the DR possible time period 90 and the DR activation time period 91 according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 2, the horizontal axis indicates the time unit (t) for 24 hours, and the vertical axis indicates the received power amount or the demanded power amount (kWh). It is assumed that the time unit in this embodiment is a 30 minute interval.

The bar graph in FIG. 2 shows the accumulated amount of received power for each consumer 3. Moreover, the line graph in FIG. 2 shows a value obtained by accumulating the amount of power demanded (baseline power) for each customer 3.

In the example shown in FIG. 2, the time period in which the time unit "t" is "18" to "39" is the DR possible time period 90. Further, in the example shown in FIG. 2, the time period in which the time unit "t" is "26" to "27" is the DR activation time period 91. The DR activation time period 91 is included in the DR possible time period 90. Further, the length of the DR activation time period 91 is referred to as DR continuation time.

In this embodiment, it is assumed that the DR possible time slot 90 and the DR duration time are predetermined by a contract etc. concluded in advance between the grid operator 6 and the DR aggregator 2. Further, in the present embodiment, the request to reduce the amount of received power from the system operator 6 to the DR aggregator 2 may be made immediately before the time when the reduction is to be started. Therefore, the DR activation time period 91 in this embodiment may not be determined until immediately before DR is activated. Further, since the request from the system operator 6 to the DR aggregator 2 to reduce the amount of received power is not necessarily made every day, the DR possible time period 90 may elapse without DR being activated.

The DR activation time period 91 is an example of a first time period in this embodiment. Further, the DR possible time slot 90 is an example of a second time slot in this embodiment.

In Figure 2, T (planned period), T ~ _DR (set of times t included in the DR possible time zone 90), ΔT _DR (DR duration time), and T _ADR (DR activation period in the planned period (a set of times t included in the time period after the end of the time period 91) will be described in detail later.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of functions that the storage battery management device 10 according to this embodiment has. As shown in FIG. 2, the storage battery management device 10 includes an input section 11, a storage section 12, an acquisition section 13, a display control section 14, a calculation section 15, and a control section 16. Further, the calculation unit 15 includes a prediction unit 17 and a creation unit 18.

The storage unit 12 stores contract details data of the consumer 3 inputted from the input unit 11, data regarding the storage battery 4, BCP capacity for each consumer 3, and power purchase unit price data of the consumption rate of the electricity rate of the consumer 3. , the data acquired by the acquisition unit 13 , calculation conditions for data processing by the prediction unit 17 and creation unit 18 , calculation results of the prediction unit 17 and creation unit 18 , and the like are stored. The storage unit 12 is, for example, an HDD or a memory.

FIG. 4 is an example of contract content data of each customer 3 according to the present embodiment. The contract content data is data regarding the contract of each consumer 3, and more specifically, data in which the consumer name, the contract power of each consumer 3, and the peak cut power of each consumer 3 are associated with each other. It is. The peak cut power is a value that the consumer 3 has contracted with an electric power company or an aggregator as a target value for the maximum value of received power. When the peak cut power is converted into a power amount per time unit (in this embodiment, 30 minutes), it becomes a peak cut target value (target power amount). When each consumer 3 is able to keep the received power below the peak cut power for a certain period or more, it becomes possible to lower the contracted power, and the basic charge can be lowered. The peak cut target value is an example of a target value in this embodiment.

Moreover, FIG. 5 is an example of storage battery performance data of each consumer 3 according to the present embodiment. The storage battery performance data is data regarding the storage battery 4 of each consumer 3, and more specifically, the storage battery name that can identify the storage battery 4, the name of the consumer who owns the storage battery 4, the capacity of each storage battery 4, charging and discharging. This is data in which rates are associated with charge/discharge efficiency.

Returning to FIG. 3, the input unit 11 receives data input via an input device and stores it in the storage unit 12. The data received by the input unit 11 include parameter settings in an optimization model to be described later, the start time of the DR activation time period 91, and the like.

The acquisition unit 13 acquires the measured value of the received power amount of the consumer 3 from the power meter 21 installed in the consumer 3 . FIG. 6 is an example of the past performance of received power amount of each consumer 3 according to the present embodiment. The acquisition unit 13 acquires the date, time, and received power amount for each 30-minute time unit for each consumer 3 from the power meter 21, associates these data, and calculates the actual amount of received power. The data is stored in the storage unit 12 as data.

Returning to FIG. 3, the display control unit 14 displays the calculation results of the prediction unit 17 and the creation unit 18 on the display device.

The prediction unit 17 predicts the amount of power demanded by each consumer 3 for each time unit. More specifically, the prediction unit 17 predicts the next day's forecast when the received power is not reduced by demand response, based on the actual data of the amount of received power stored in the storage unit 12 and calendar information such as the day of the week. The amount of power demanded by each consumer 3 for each hour is predicted. The result predicted by the prediction unit 17 becomes the baseline power of each consumer 3 for each time unit.

Furthermore, the prediction unit 17 predicts the amount of solar power generated by each consumer 3 in units of time. More specifically, the prediction unit 17 predicts the solar power generation amount of each consumer 3 for each hourly unit on the next day based on the actual data of the received power amount stored in the storage unit 12 and the weather forecast information. do. The weather forecast information may be stored in advance in the storage unit 12 or may be input from the input unit 11.

Further, the amount of power demand (baseline power) and the amount of solar power generation may be inputted from the input unit 11 and stored in the storage unit 12. For example, the amount of power demand (baseline power) and the amount of solar power generation may be input from another system.

The creation unit 18 creates a first charging/discharging plan and a second charging/discharging plan that define the charging amount and discharging amount of the storage battery 4 for each time unit. The first charging/discharging plan is a charging/discharging plan that defines the amount of charging and discharging of the storage battery 4 for each time unit so that demand response can be activated in any time unit included in the DR possible time period 90. It is. In addition, the second charging/discharging plan reduces the total value of the received power amount of the plurality of consumers 3 in the DR activation time period 91 by more than the DR amount than the total value of the predicted power demand (baseline power). This is a charging and discharging plan.

The creation unit 18 determines that in both the first charging and discharging plan and the second charging and discharging plan, the amount of power received per time unit for each consumer 3 is equal to or less than the peak cut target value, and the storage battery 4 is The charging amount and discharging amount of the storage battery 4 per time unit are defined so that the remaining amount (remaining charge amount) is equal to or greater than the BCP capacity. In the present embodiment, the amount of power obtained by removing the BCP capacity determined for each customer 3 from the remaining amount of power stored in the storage battery 4 of each of the plurality of consumers 3 is referred to as the amount of remaining power. The creation unit 18 performs peak cut and demand response using the remaining power amount in both the first charging and discharging plan and the second charging and discharging plan.

Therefore, in more detail, in the first charging/discharging plan, the creation unit 18 calculates the amount of received power for each time unit of each consumer 3 based on the predicted amount of power demanded for each consumer 3. In any time unit in which the peak cut target value is lower than the peak cut target value and is included in the predetermined DR possible time period 90, the amount of electricity remaining in the storage battery 4 of each of the plurality of consumers 3 is determined for each consumer 3. The charging amount and discharging amount of the storage battery 4 for each time unit is defined so that the total value of the electric energy (remaining electric energy) excluding the predetermined BCP capacity is equal to or greater than the DR amount. At this time, if the predicted power demand of the consumer 3 exceeds the peak cut target value in the time period after the DR activation time period 91, the creation unit 18 removes the excess power from the storage battery 4. If the predicted power demand of the consumer 3 falls below the peak cut target value, the amount of charge of the storage battery 4 per hour and Specify the amount of discharge.

In addition, in the second charging/discharging plan, the generation unit 18 determines that when the received power amount for each hourly unit of each consumer 3 is equal to or less than the peak cut target value, and in the DR activation time period 91, a plurality of consumers 3 The charging amount and the discharging amount of the storage battery 4 for each time unit are defined so that the total value of the received power amount is reduced by the DR amount or more than the predicted total power demand amount. Further, the second charging/discharging plan is equal to the first charging/discharging plan at a time before the start time of the DR activation time period 91.

The creation unit 18 creates the first charge/discharge plan at a stage when it is not yet determined whether or not demand response will be activated, for example, the day before the plan target period. Further, the creation unit 18 creates the second charging/discharging plan after the demand response is decided to be activated and the DR activation time period 91 is determined.

The control unit 16 controls the charging and discharging of each storage battery 4 according to the first charging and discharging plan or the second charging and discharging plan created by the creating unit 18. More specifically, the control unit 16 converts the first charging/discharging plan or the second charging/discharging plan into a command signal indicating a charging or discharging power value (set value) for each time unit, and Send to 4. When the storage battery 4 receives a command signal instructing charging from the control unit 16, the storage battery 4 acquires a specified amount of power from the power grid 5 or the solar power generation device (PV) 9 for each time unit to charge the battery. do. Further, when the storage battery 4 receives a command signal instructing discharge, the storage battery 4 discharges a specified amount for each time unit and supplies power to the load 23 via the indoor power distribution line 22. The load 23 is a device that consumes power, such as lighting or air conditioning.

Next, the flow of processing executed by the storage battery management device 10 of this embodiment configured as described above will be explained. FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the flow of the first charging/discharging plan creation process according to the present embodiment. It is assumed that the processing in this flowchart is executed, for example, on the day before the planning period.

First, the prediction unit 17 reads the actual data on the amount of received power and calendar information such as the day of the week from the storage unit 12, and based on this information, predicts the next day's forecast when the received power is not reduced by demand response. The power demand (baseline power) of each consumer 3 for each time unit is predicted (S1).

The prediction unit 17 also reads the actual data on the amount of solar power generated by each solar power generation device 9 and weather information such as the amount of solar radiation from the storage unit 12, and based on these information, forecasts for each hour of the next day. The amount of solar power generated by each solar power generation device 9 is predicted (S2).

Next, the preparation unit 18 sets the next day as the planning period based on the demand power amount and solar power generation amount predicted by the prediction unit 17, and information regarding the storage battery 4 and electricity rate of each consumer 3. A first charging/discharging plan is created (S3).

More specifically, the creation unit 18 calculates the optimal solution of the optimization model (optimization problem) that minimizes the objective function of equation (1) under the constraint conditions shown in equations (2) to (9). By doing so, the amount of charging and discharging of the storage battery 4 of each consumer 3 for each time unit is determined. The optimization problems of equations (1) to (9) are problems called linear programming problems. The creation unit 18 calculates an optimal solution that minimizes the objective function (1) using a simplex method, an interior point method, or the like.

Equation (1) shows the total value of the metered electricity charges of all consumers 3 during the planning period T. Here, T is 24 hours starting from 0:00 on the next day on which this process is executed. Furthermore, in equations (1) to (9), t or τ indicates a time unit of 30 minutes. In the explanation of equations (1) to (9), the time unit is referred to as time t or time τ. Moreover, d indicates the consumer 3. D indicates a set of consumers 3 that are managed by the DR aggregator 2, that is, all consumers 3.

The creation unit 18 creates a variable P _r (d, t) that satisfies equations (2) to (9) and makes the value of equation (1) (the total value of the metered electricity charges of all consumers 3) smaller. , S (d, t), Q _chg (d, t), and Q _dis (d, t) are determined.

P _r (d, t) is the amount of received power (kWh) at time t for each consumer 3. S(d, t) is the remaining power storage amount (kWh) at time t for each storage battery 4 installed in the consumer 3.

Moreover, Q _chg (d, t) is the amount of charge (kWh) of the storage battery 4 for each consumer 3 at time t. Q _dis (d, t) is the discharge amount (kWh) of the storage battery 4 for each consumer 3 at time t. The values of Q _chg (d, t) and Q _dis (d, t) calculated by the creation unit 18 using this optimization model become the first charge/discharge plan.

In this embodiment, since the solution that minimizes the value of equation (1) is the optimal solution, the creation unit 18 creates Q _chg (d, t) and Q When there are multiple values of _dis (d, t), the value of equation ₍ 1) is smaller than the other Q _chg (d, t) and Q _dis (d, t). Let the value of Q _dis (d, t) be the first charge/discharge plan.

The creation unit 18 calculates the equation (1 ) to (9) input parameters c (d, t), P _d (d, t), P _pv (d, t), P _pc (d), ΔP ₊ (d, τ), ΔP ₋ (d, τ), Δt, T~ _DR , ΔT _DR , T _ADR , η _chg (d), η _dis (d), W(d), C(d), DR, S _BCP (d) , to each input parameter, and then calculate the optimal solution of the optimization model of equations (1) to (9).

c(d, t) is the electricity purchase unit price (yen/kWh) of the consumption rate at time t for each consumer 3.

P _d (d, t) is a predicted value (baseline power) (kWh) of the required power amount at time t for each consumer 3. P _pv (d, t) is a predicted value (kWh) of the solar power generation amount at time t for each consumer 3. P _pc (d) is the peak cut power (kW) for each customer 3 shown in FIG. 4 .

ΔP ₊ (d, τ) is the amount of power (kWh) by which the predicted power demand (baseline power) of the consumer 3 at time τ exceeds the peak cut target value. ΔP ₋ (d, τ) is the amount of power (kWh) corresponding to the amount by which the baseline power of the consumer 3 at time τ falls short of the peak cut target value.

Δt is a time step and indicates the time unit of each equation. The time step in this embodiment is every 30 minutes (0.5 hour). T~ _DR is a set of times t included in the DR possible time period 90. ΔT _DR is the DR duration time. T _ADR is a set of times t included in the time period after the end of the DR activation time period 91 in the planning period T.

η _chg (d) is the charging efficiency for each storage battery 4 installed in the consumer 3. η _dis (d) is the discharge efficiency of each storage battery 4 installed in the customer 3. W(d) is the rated capacity (kWh) of each storage battery 4 installed in the consumer 3. C(d) is a charge/discharge rate (C) for each storage battery 4 installed in the consumer 3.

DR is the DR amount, that is, the reduction amount (kWh) per time t (hour unit) of the received power amount of all consumers 3, which is predetermined in the contract between the system operator 6 and the DR aggregator 2. . Moreover, S _BCP (d) is the BCP capacity of each storage battery 4 installed in the consumer 3.

Equation (2) is a constraint condition (constraint equation) that, in the DR possible time period 90, the remaining power amount of the storage batteries 4 for all the consumers 3 is secured to be more than the amount that allows demand response and peak cut. More specifically, equation (2) shows that at any time t (hour unit) included in the DR possible time zone 90, the total value of the remaining power amount of the storage batteries 4 of each of the plurality of consumers 3 is The amount of received power that is reduced for demand response during the DR duration time after securing the amount of power necessary for peak cut for each consumer 3 in the time period after the end of the DR activation time period 91 (T _ADR ) The constraint condition is that it is equal to or greater than (DR·ΔT _DR /Δt).

The left side of equation (2) indicates the remaining power amount of the storage battery 4 multiplied by the discharge efficiency. Further, the first term on the right side of equation (2) indicates the amount of received power that is reduced due to demand response during the DR duration time. The second term on the right side of Equation (2) indicates the total amount of power required for peak cutting of each consumer 3 at each time τ after the DR activation time period 91. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the storage battery 4 can be charged with the amount of electricity (ΔP ₋ (d, τ)) corresponding to the amount of electricity demanded by the consumer 3 at time τ that falls short of the peak cut target value. Therefore, if the predicted value of the amount of power demanded (baseline power) exceeds the peak cut target value, the amount of power corresponding to the excess will be discharged from the storage battery 4, but the baseline power will exceed the peak cut target value. If the amount of electricity does not exceed the amount of electricity, the storage battery 4 is charged with the amount of electricity that is insufficient. The insufficient amount of power (ΔP ₋ (d, τ)) is multiplied by the charging efficiency and the discharging efficiency, and then subtracted from the excess amount of power.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the peak cut target value and the predicted power demand (baseline power) according to the present embodiment. For example, the baseline power of consumer C shown in FIG. 8 exceeds the peak cut target value in time units "18", "19", "30", and "31", but in other time units is below the peak cut target value. Furthermore, for consumers A and B, the baseline power is lower than the peak cut target value in all time units. Equation (2) assumes that when the baseline power is lower than the peak cut target value, the difference (deficit) amount of power between the peak cut target value and the baseline power is used to charge the storage battery 4. It is said that Furthermore, at the time when the creation unit 18 creates the first charge/discharge plan, the DR activation time period 91 has not been determined, so the creation unit 18 changes the value of the parameter t within the range of the DR possible time period 90. By inputting this into equation (2) and executing equation (2), the constraint condition of equation (2) is satisfied no matter at which time t within the DR possible time period 90 the DR activation time period 91 starts. A first charge/discharge plan is created so that the conditions are met.

Further, in the present embodiment, the remaining charge amount and remaining power amount of the storage battery 4 are based on the remaining amount of power storage at the end of the time unit. In equation (2), if the DR activation time period 91 is fixed at a certain time within the DR possible time period 90, from the start of the DR activation time period 91, during the DR duration time, for demand response. The total value of the received power amount to be reduced and the power amount required for peak cut of each customer 3 in the time period after the end of the DR activation time period 91 is the storage battery owned by each of the plurality of customers 3. 4 is required to be equal to or less than the total value of the remaining power of the storage battery 4, the remaining power of the storage battery 4 is calculated using the end of the time unit (time t-1) immediately before the start of the DR activation time period 91. .

Here, the remaining power amount of the storage battery 4 in this embodiment will be explained using the drawings.
FIG. 9 is a line graph showing an example of the remaining amount of power stored in the storage battery 4 according to the present embodiment. The horizontal axis in FIG. 9 indicates time t, and the vertical axis indicates the remaining amount of power stored in the storage battery 4 (kWh). The remaining amount of power stored in the storage battery 4 is equal to or less than the rated capacity W(d) of the storage battery 4. As shown in FIG. 9, the remaining power of the storage battery 4 at the end of time t-1 is calculated from the remaining power storage amount S(d, t-1) at the end of time t-1 to the BCP capacity (S _{BCP(d )} is the amount of electricity excluding ). In addition, when the consumer 3 does not use the storage battery 4 for BCP, the BCP capacity S _BCP (d) becomes "0", so the entire remaining amount of power stored in the storage battery 4 becomes the surplus power amount.

Next, equation (3) has a constraint condition that stipulates that the balance between supply and demand of electric power is maintained. More specifically, equation (3) calculates the solar power generation amount P _pv ( _d , t ), add the charge amount Q _chg (d, t) of the storage battery 4, and subtract the discharge amount Q _dis (d, t) of the storage battery 4, and the value is the received power amount Pr(d, t) of the consumer 3. t).

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the power supply and demand balance according to this embodiment. As shown in FIG. _{10, the solar power generation amount P pv (} d, t) and the discharge amount of the storage battery 4 Q _dis ( d, t) and the received power amount Pr(d, t) are supplied. Further, the solar power generation amount P _pv (d, t) and the received power amount Pr (d, t) are also used as the charging amount Q _chg (d, t) of the storage battery 4. For example, of the photovoltaic power generation amount P _pv (d,t) generated by the photovoltaic power generation device 9, surplus power that is not consumed by the load 23 is charged to the storage battery 4. The creation unit 18 constrains the values of the charging amount Q _chg (d, t) and the discharging amount Q _dis (d, t) using equation (3) so as to maintain such a balance between supply and demand of electric power. Further, when the consumer 3 does not have the solar power generation device 9, the creation unit 18 executes equation (3) with the solar power generation amount P _pv (d, t) set to “0”.

Next, equation (4) is a constraint condition for prohibiting reverse power flow. The flow of the electric power discharged from the storage battery 4 installed in the consumer 3 or the electric power generated by the solar power generation device 9 into the electric power system 5 is referred to as reverse power flow. Equation (4) stipulates that the amount of power received by each consumer 3 at time t is 0 or more, that is, there is no inflow of power from the storage battery 4 or the solar power generation device 9 to the power system 5. There is.

Equation (5) is a constraint condition for peak cut for each customer 3. Equation (5) specifies that the amount of received power at time t for each consumer 3 is equal to or less than the peak cut target value for each consumer 3.

Equation (6) is a constraint on the law of conservation of energy in the storage battery 4. More specifically, Equation (6) shows that the amount of change in the remaining amount of charge in the storage battery 4 in units of time is the value obtained by subtracting the value obtained by dividing the discharge amount by the discharge efficiency from the value obtained by multiplying the charge amount by the charging efficiency. stipulates what will happen.

Equation (7) is a constraint on the upper limit of the discharge amount of the storage battery 4. Further, equation (8) is a constraint on the upper limit of the amount of charge of the storage battery 4. The amount of discharge and amount of charge at time t for each storage battery 4 installed in the consumer 3 is defined by the rated capacity and charge/discharge rate of each storage battery 4.

Equation (9) is a constraint condition for BCP for each storage battery 4 installed in the consumer 3. Equation (9) specifies that the remaining amount of electricity in each storage battery 4 is equal to or greater than the BCP capacity, and also specifies that the maximum value of the remaining amount of electricity does not exceed the storage battery capacity.

The creation unit 18 creates the first charge/discharge plan created using the above formulas (1) to (9) and the calculated variables P _r (d, t), S (d, t), Q _chg ( d, t), Q _dis (d, t), the predicted power demand, and the predicted solar power generation amount are stored in the storage unit 12. Here, the processing of the flowchart shown in FIG. 7 ends.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing an example of the first charging/discharging plan according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 11, the horizontal axis indicates time t for 24 hours, and the vertical axis indicates received power amount or demanded power amount (kWh). The bar graph at the top of FIG. 11 shows the accumulated amount of received power for each customer 3. Moreover, the line graph in the upper part of FIG. 11 shows a value obtained by accumulating the amount of power demanded (baseline power) for each customer 3. Moreover, the bar graph at the bottom of FIG. 11 shows the cumulative amount of charge and discharge for each storage battery 4 of the consumer 3. Positive numbers in the bar graph at the bottom of FIG. 117 indicate discharge, and negative numbers indicate charge. The line graph at the bottom of FIG. 11 shows the cumulative value of the electricity storage capacity of each storage battery 4 of the consumer 3.

In the example shown in FIG. 11, the DR amount for the entire DR duration when the demand response is activated in the DR possible time zone 90 is 12 kWh in total for all consumers 3. In this case, the storage batteries 4 of all the consumers 3 are charged to ensure a total of 12 kWh or more of surplus power at the start of the DR available time period 90 in order to prepare for the activation of demand response. In addition, the storage batteries 4 of all the consumers 3 are further charged so as to secure surplus power for each consumer 3 in order to cut the peak of the received power amount. As a result, even if the demand response is activated in any time unit of the DR-enabled time slot 90, the storage battery 4 can discharge the amount of power corresponding to the DR amount using the remaining amount of stored power for the surplus power.

FIG. 12 is a graph obtained by extracting data regarding one customer 3 from the first charging/discharging plan according to the present embodiment. In the first charging/discharging plan, the peak cut in the amount of power received by each customer 3 is performed by discharging the residual amount of electricity corresponding to the surplus capacity of each storage battery 4 . As shown in FIG. 12, the storage battery 4 installed at the customer 3 discharges electricity during the time period when the demand for electricity is expected to exceed the peak cut target value, thereby reducing the amount of received electricity to the peak cut target value. Make it less than or equal to the value.

The DR possible time period 90 and the DR activation time period 91 are the same time period for all consumers 3, but the time period in which the power demand of each customer 3 is predicted to exceed the peak cut target value is It differs depending on each consumer 3. Therefore, the DR possible time period 90 and the DR activation time period 91 do not necessarily coincide with the time period in which the amount of power demanded by each consumer 3 is predicted to exceed the peak cut target value. In order to create the first charging/discharging plan based on the predicted value of the amount of electricity demanded by each consumer 3, the preparation unit 18 adjusts the schedule of each storage battery 4 according to the time period when the amount of electricity demanded by each consumer 3 increases. You can create a plan to discharge and cut peaks.

Next, the DR aggregator 2 executes the first charge/discharge plan on the day of the plan target period, and controls the charge/discharge of the storage battery 4 of the consumer 3 .
FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the process of executing the first charging/discharging plan and creating the second charging/discharging plan according to the present embodiment.

First, the display control unit 14 displays the first charge/discharge plan on the display device (S11). Thereby, the person in charge of the DR aggregator 2 (user) can confirm the first charge/discharge plan on the display device.

Then, the control unit 16 executes the first charging and discharging plan by controlling charging and discharging of each storage battery 4 according to the created first charging and discharging plan (S12).
Next, the creation unit 18 determines whether demand response is activated or not (S13). For example, when receiving a DR request signal from the system operator 6, the creation unit 18 determines that demand response is activated. Alternatively, the DR aggregator 2 that has received the DR request from the system operator 6 may input an instruction to activate the demand response to the storage battery management device 10. Further, when a request for demand response is received, a DR activation time period 91 is designated by the system operator 6.

When the creation unit 18 determines that the demand response is not activated (S13 "No"), the creation unit 18 determines whether the DR possible time slot 90 has ended (S14). If it is determined that the DR available time period 90 has not ended (S14 "No"), the creation unit 18 returns to the process of S13. Further, if the creation unit 18 determines that the DR possible time period 90 has ended without the demand response being activated (S14 "Yes"), the processing of this flowchart ends.

When the creation unit 18 determines that the demand response will be activated (S13 "Yes"), the creation unit 18 creates a second charging and discharging plan (S15).

More specifically, in addition to the constraints shown in equations (3) to (9) above, the creation unit 18 creates constraints in equations (10) and (11) below at times after the DR activation time period. After satisfying the conditions, the optimal solution of the optimization model that minimizes the objective function of Equation (1) is calculated to determine the amount of charging and discharging of the storage battery 4 of each customer 3 in each time unit. The creation unit 18 does not use the constraint in equation (2) when creating the second charge/discharge plan.

Equation (10) is a constraint condition that in the DR activation time period 91, the total value of the received power amount of all the consumers 3 is less than or equal to the value obtained by subtracting the DR amount from the baseline power. The parameter _TDR is a set of times t included in the DR activation time period 91.

In addition, equation (11) shows that at the start of the DR activation time period 91 (at the end of the time unit immediately before the DR activation time period 91), the remaining charge of the storage battery 4 in the second charging/discharging plan is the first This is a constraint condition that the remaining amount of electricity is equal to the remaining amount of electricity in the charging and discharging plan. The parameter _tDR is the start time of the DR activation time period 91. Further, the creation unit 18 inputs the value of the variable S(d, t) obtained in the first charge/discharge plan creation process in FIG. 7 to the parameter S'(d, t) in equation (11).

In this embodiment, it is unknown whether the DR aggregator 2 will perform demand response until just before demand response is activated on the same day. Therefore, at a time before the DR activation time period 91, the creation unit 18 secures the amount of remaining power stored in each storage battery 4 that can perform demand response according to the first charging and discharging plan. , when the demand response is actually activated, a second charging/discharging plan is created that satisfies the constraints of equations (10) and (11). The creation unit 18 stores the created second charge/discharge plan in the storage unit 12.

Next, the display control unit 14 displays the second charge/discharge plan created by the creation unit 18 on the display device (S16). Then, the control unit 16 executes the second charging and discharging plan by controlling charging and discharging of each storage battery 4 according to the created second charging and discharging plan (S12). At this point, the processing of this flowchart ends.

FIG. 14 is a graph showing an example of the second charging/discharging plan according to the present embodiment. The second charging and discharging plan is the same as the first charging and discharging plan shown in FIG. 11 until the start of the DR activation time period 91. In the second charging/discharging plan, the storage battery 4 of the consumer 3 is discharged during the DR activation time period 91, so that the received power amount is reduced from the baseline power by the DR amount. In the example shown in FIG. 14, the received power amount is reduced by 6 kWh for each 30-minute time unit within the DR activation time period 91, resulting in a total reduction of 12 kWh over the 1-hour DR duration time.

Further, as shown in FIG. 14, even if the power is reduced by the amount of DR during the DR activation time period 91, the remaining charge of each storage battery 4 maintains a value equal to or greater than the BCP capacity. In other words, in the second charge/discharge plan, each storage battery 4 secures the BCP capacity and uses the remaining charge amount to reduce the received power amount by the DR amount during the DR activation time period 91. discharges.

Also in the second charging/discharging plan, each storage battery 4 performs a peak cut in the amount of power received by each consumer 3 by charging and discharging.

FIG. 15 is a graph obtained by extracting data regarding one customer 3 from the second charging/discharging plan according to the present embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 15, it is predicted that the amount of electricity demanded by consumer C will exceed the peak cut target value after the DR activation time period 91, so the storage battery 4 of customer C is The amount of discharge is suppressed. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 15, the storage battery 4 of consumer C discharges during the time period in which the amount of electricity demanded by consumer C is predicted to exceed the peak cut target value in the second charging/discharging plan. As a result, the amount of power received by consumer C is kept below the peak cut target value.

In conventional technology, when multiple services such as demand response and peak cut are performed using a single storage battery, the remaining amount of storage power is used for each service by setting the upper limit of the capacity of the storage battery used for each service in advance. However, when the DR aggregator 2 collectively performs demand response for a plurality of consumers 3, the DR activation time period 91 and the time period in which the amount of power demanded by each customer 3 exceeds the peak cut target value may be different. In such a case, with the conventional technology, it is not possible to optimize the upper limit of the capacity of the storage battery used for each of demand response and peak cut, which is a limit for increasing the usage efficiency of the storage battery.

In addition, when the start time of demand response is variable, the time at which the storage battery 4 is discharged for demand response is not determined until the last minute, so the remaining amount of storage power required for demand response and peak cut, respectively, is There were times when it was difficult to charge the battery sufficiently.

On the other hand, the storage battery management device 10 of the present embodiment is configured to operate at any time when the received power amount per time unit of each consumer 3 is equal to or less than the peak cut target value and is included in the predetermined DR possible time period 90. Even at time t (hour unit), the total value of the remaining energy of the storage batteries 4 owned by each of the multiple consumers 3 is determined for each consumer 3 from the remaining amount of energy stored in the storage batteries 4 owned by each of the multiple consumers 3. Create a first charging/discharging plan that stipulates the amount of charging and discharging of the storage battery 4 for each time unit so that the total value of the remaining power amount excluding the minimum amount of stored power specified in is equal to or greater than the DR amount. . Therefore, according to the storage battery management device 10 of this embodiment, the remaining charge amount necessary for both demand response and peak cut can be secured in advance even if the start time of demand response is not determined. Therefore, according to the storage battery management device 10 of the present embodiment, even when the demand response start time is variable, the demand response for the total value of the received power amount of a plurality of consumers 3 and the demand response for each consumer 3 It is possible to perform both peak cuts in the amount of received power.

Moreover, according to the storage battery management device 10 of this embodiment, by charging or discharging the storage battery 4, demand response and peak cutting can be performed without reducing the amount of power consumed by the consumer 3.

Furthermore, according to the storage battery management device 10 of the present embodiment, in the DR activation time period 91 which is included in the DR possible time period 90 and when the received power amount for each hourly unit of each consumer 3 is equal to or less than the peak cut target value, , a section that defines the charging amount and discharging amount of the storage battery 4 for each time unit so that the total value of the received power amount of the plurality of consumers 3 is deleted by a DR amount or more than the predicted total value of the power demand amount. 2. Create a charging/discharging plan. Therefore, according to the storage battery management device 10 of the present embodiment, no matter at which time within the DR possible time zone 90 the demand response is started, the demand response for the total value of the received power amount of the plurality of consumers 3 is , and peak cutting of the amount of power received by each consumer 3 can be performed. Further, the second charging/discharging plan is equal to the first charging/discharging plan at a time before the second time period. Therefore, according to the storage battery management device 10 of the present embodiment, it is possible to smoothly switch from the first charging/discharging plan to the second charging/discharging plan after the demand response is activated.

Furthermore, according to the storage battery management device 10 of this embodiment, since the charging and discharging of the storage battery 4 is controlled according to the first charging and discharging plan, demand response and peak cutting can be reliably performed.

Furthermore, the storage battery management device 10 of the present embodiment is configured such that the amount of received power for each time unit of each of the plurality of consumers 3 is equal to or less than the peak cut target value, and in any time unit included in the DR possible time zone 90. Also, if there are multiple charging amounts and discharging amounts for which the total value of the remaining power amount obtained by subtracting the BCP capacity from the remaining storage amount of the storage battery 4 of each of the plurality of consumers 3 is equal to or greater than the DR amount, other The first charging and discharging plan is created so that the total value of the metered electricity charges of the plurality of consumers 3 is smaller than when the charging amount and the discharging amount are specified. Therefore, according to the storage battery management device 10 of the present embodiment, the economic burden on each customer 3 can be further reduced in addition to performing demand response and peak cutting.

Further, the minimum amount of stored power in this embodiment is the BCP capacity, which is the amount of power that allows the consumer 3 to continue business for a certain period of time when the power supply from the power grid is stopped. Therefore, according to the storage battery management device 10 of the present embodiment, even when discharging for demand response and peak cutting, the storage battery 4 retains the remaining amount of storage power necessary for business continuity of each customer 3. be able to. For example, the consumer 3 may have already installed the storage battery 4 for the purpose of BCP. In such a case, the storage battery management device 10 of the present embodiment secures the remaining amount of storage power for BCP and then uses the remaining amount of storage power of the existing storage battery 4 for demand response and peak cut. I can do it.

Furthermore, the storage battery management device 10 of the present embodiment has a first charging function that defines the charging amount and the discharging amount so that the storage battery 4 is charged with the surplus power of the solar power generation device 9 owned by each of the plurality of consumers 3. Create a discharge plan. Therefore, according to the storage battery management device 10 of this embodiment, the consumer 3 can use not only the power received from the power grid 5 but also the power generated by the solar power generation device 9 for demand response and peak cut. can.

The data stored in the storage unit 12 and the data acquired by the acquisition unit 13 in this embodiment are merely examples, and are not limited to the above-mentioned examples. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the time unit is based on a 30 minute interval, but the time unit may be an hourly interval. Further, in the present embodiment, the DR duration time is predetermined, but it may be determined when the DR activation time period 91 is determined. In this case, when creating the first charge/discharge plan, the creation unit 18 may create multiple patterns of first charge/discharge plans by changing the length of the DR duration.

Further, the creation unit 18 may create in advance a second charging/discharging plan assuming a plurality of patterns of DR activation time periods 91 before the DR activation time period 91 is determined.

Further, in this embodiment, the planning target period is for 24 hours of the next day, but the creation unit 18 may create in advance the first charging/discharging plan for two or more days, not just for the next day. .

(Modified example)
In the first embodiment described above, the creation unit 18 created the first charging/discharging plan so as to minimize the total value of the metered electricity charges of all the consumers 3 during the planning period T. The first charging/discharging plan may be created so as to minimize the total amount of power purchased from.

In this case, the creation unit 18 inputs the predicted value (yen/kWh) of the electricity unit price at time t of the power exchange into equation (1) instead of the electricity purchase unit price of the consumption rate at time t for each consumer 3. A first charge/discharge plan and a second charge/discharge plan are created by inputting the parameters c(d, t). In this modification, equation (1) represents the total value of the power procurement cost that the power retailer procures from the power exchange during the planning period T.

In other words, the storage battery management device 10 of this modification is configured such that the amount of received power for each time unit of each of the plurality of consumers 3 is equal to or less than the peak cut target value, and in any time unit included in the DR possible time zone 90. Also, if there are multiple charging amounts and discharging amounts for which the total value of the remaining power amount obtained by subtracting the BCP capacity from the remaining storage amount of the storage battery 4 of each of the plurality of consumers 3 is equal to or greater than the DR amount, other The first charging/discharging plan is created so that the total amount of power purchased from the power exchange is smaller than when the charging amount and the discharging amount are specified.

Therefore, according to the storage battery management device 10 of this modification, for example, when the DR aggregator 2 sells the power purchased from the power exchange to the consumer 3, the power of the DR aggregator 2 is can reduce purchasing costs.

The storage battery management program executed by the storage battery management device 10 of this embodiment is a file in an installable format or an executable format, such as a CD-ROM, a flexible disk (FD), a CD-R, a DVD (Digital Versatile Disk), etc. Provided recorded on a computer-readable recording medium. Further, the storage battery management program executed by the storage battery management device 10 of this embodiment may be stored on a computer connected to a network such as the Internet, and provided by being downloaded via the network. Further, the storage battery management program executed by the storage battery management device 10 of this embodiment may be configured to be provided or distributed via a network such as the Internet. Further, the storage battery management program of this embodiment may be configured to be provided by being incorporated in a ROM or the like in advance.

The storage battery management program executed by the storage battery management device 10 of this embodiment has a module configuration including the above-mentioned units (input unit, acquisition unit, display control unit, calculation unit, prediction unit, creation unit, control unit). In actual hardware, the CPU (processor) reads the storage battery management program from the storage medium and executes it, thereby loading the above sections onto the main storage device, including an input section, an acquisition section, a display control section, a calculation section, A prediction section, a creation section, and a control section are generated on the main storage device.

Although several embodiments of the invention have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included within the scope and gist of the invention, as well as within the scope of the invention described in the claims and its equivalents.

2 DR aggregator 3 Consumer 4 Storage battery 5 Power system 6 System operator 9 Photovoltaic power generation device (PV)
10 Storage battery management device 11 Input section 12 Storage section 13 Acquisition section 14 Display control section 16 Control section 17 Prediction section 18 Creation section 90 DR possible time period 91 DR activation time period

Claims (9)

a prediction unit that predicts the amount of power demanded by each hourly unit of each of the plurality of consumers;
Based on the predicted power demand for each consumer, the received power amount for each time unit of each of the plurality of consumers is equal to or less than a target value determined for each consumer, and In any of the time units included in the first time period, the total amount of electricity is obtained by subtracting the minimum amount of electricity stored for each consumer from the remaining amount of electricity stored in the storage battery of each of the plurality of consumers. Specify the amount of charging and discharging of the storage battery owned by each of the consumers for each unit of time so that the value is greater than or equal to a predetermined reduction amount with respect to the total amount of received power of the plurality of consumers. a creation unit that creates a first charging and discharging plan;
A storage battery management device comprising: The creation unit further determines that when the received power amount for each time unit of each customer is equal to or less than the target value, and in a second time period included in the first time period, A second method that defines the charging amount and the discharging amount of the storage battery for each of the time units so that the total value of the received power amount of Create a charge/discharge plan for
The second charging and discharging plan is equal to the first charging and discharging plan at a time before the second time period,
The storage battery management device according to claim 1. further comprising a control unit that controls charging and discharging of the storage battery according to the first charging and discharging plan or the second charging and discharging plan;
The storage battery management device according to claim 2. The creation unit further determines that the received power amount for each time unit of each of the plurality of consumers is equal to or less than the target value, and in any of the time units included in the first time period, The total value of the amount of electricity obtained by removing the minimum storage amount from the remaining amount of electricity stored in the storage battery owned by each of the plurality of consumers is a predetermined reduction amount with respect to the total amount of received electricity of the plurality of consumers. When there are a plurality of the above-mentioned charging amounts and the above-mentioned discharging amounts, the total value of the metered electricity charges of the plurality of consumers is smaller than when other charging amounts and the discharging amounts are specified, creating the first charge/discharge plan;
The storage battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The creation unit further determines that the received power amount for each time unit of each of the plurality of consumers is equal to or less than the target value, and in any of the time units included in the first time period, The total value of the amount of electricity obtained by removing the minimum storage amount from the remaining amount of electricity stored in the storage battery owned by each of the plurality of consumers is a predetermined reduction amount with respect to the total amount of received electricity of the plurality of consumers. If there are a plurality of the charging amounts and the discharging amounts that are above, the total amount of electricity purchased from the power exchange is smaller than when other charging amounts and discharging amounts are specified. creating a first charge/discharge plan;
The storage battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The minimum amount of stored power is the amount of power that allows the consumer to continue business for a certain period of time in the event that power supply from the power grid is stopped.
The storage battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The creation unit further creates the first charging/discharging plan that defines the charging amount and the discharging amount so that the storage battery is charged with surplus power of a solar power generation device owned by each of the plurality of consumers. create,
The storage battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 6. a prediction step of predicting the amount of power demanded by each hourly unit of each of the plurality of consumers;
Based on the predicted power demand for each consumer, the received power amount for each time unit of each of the plurality of consumers is equal to or less than a target value determined for each consumer, and In any of the time units included in the first time period, the total amount of electricity is obtained by subtracting the minimum amount of electricity stored for each consumer from the remaining amount of electricity stored in the storage battery of each of the plurality of consumers. Specify the amount of charging and discharging of the storage battery owned by each of the consumers for each unit of time so that the value is greater than or equal to a predetermined reduction amount with respect to the total amount of received power of the plurality of consumers. a creation step of creating a first charge/discharge plan;
Storage battery management method including. a prediction step of predicting the amount of power demanded by each hourly unit of each of the plurality of consumers;
Based on the predicted power demand for each consumer, the received power amount for each time unit of each of the plurality of consumers is equal to or less than a target value determined for each consumer, and In any of the time units included in the first time period, the total amount of electricity is obtained by subtracting the minimum amount of electricity stored for each consumer from the remaining amount of electricity stored in the storage battery of each of the plurality of consumers. Specify the amount of charging and discharging of the storage battery owned by each of the consumers for each unit of time so that the value is greater than or equal to a predetermined reduction amount with respect to the total amount of received power of the plurality of consumers. a creation step of creating a first charge/discharge plan;
A storage battery management program that causes a computer to execute the following.

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