JP7449294B2 - Stabilized heat transfer compositions, methods, and systems - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to compositions, methods, and systems that have utility in heat exchange applications, including air conditioning and refrigeration applications. In certain aspects, the present invention relates to compositions useful in heat transfer systems of the type in which refrigerant R-410A would be used. The compositions of the present invention are particularly useful as a replacement for refrigerant R-410A for heating and cooling applications and for the introduction of additional heat exchange systems, including systems designed for use with R-410A. It is useful.

Mechanical refrigeration systems and related heat transfer devices such as heat pumps and air conditioners are well known in the art for industrial, commercial, and domestic use. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were developed in the 1930's as refrigerants for such systems. However, since the 1980s, the effects of CFCs on the stratospheric ozone layer have received much attention. In 1987, many governments signed the Montreal Protocol to Protect the Global Environment, which established a timetable for the phase-out of CFC products. A more environmentally acceptable material containing hydrogen, namely hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC), has replaced CFC.

One of the most commonly used hydrochlorofluorocarbons was chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22). However, subsequent amendments to the Montreal Protocol accelerated the phase-down of CFCs and scheduled a phase-out of HCFCs, including HCFC-22.

In response to the need for non-flammable, non-toxic alternatives to CFCs and HCFCs, the industry has developed several hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) with zero ozone depletion potential. R-410A (50:50 w/w blend of difluoromethane (HFC-32) and pentafluoroethane (HFC-125)) as an industrial replacement for HCFC-22 in air conditioning and chiller applications because it does not contribute to ozone depletion was adopted. However, R-410A is not a drop-in replacement for R-22. Therefore, the replacement of R-22 with R-410A is a thermal Required redesign of major components within the exchange system.

While R-410A has a more acceptable ozone depleting potential (ODP) than R-22, its global warming potential is as high as 2088, which poses problems for continued use of R-410A. Therefore, there is a need in the art to replace R-410A with a more environmentally acceptable alternative.

As shown in Table 1, the EU has implemented the F-Gas Regulation to limit the HFCs that can be marketed within the EU from 2015 onwards. By 2030, only 21% of the amount of HFC sold in 2015 will be available. Therefore, as a long-term solution, it is desirable to limit GWP to less than 427.

^* 2015 GWP levels are based on UNEP's 2012 Usage Survey with no increase in growth rates.

Alternative heat transfer fluids may have excellent heat transfer properties (particularly heat transfer properties well suited to the needs of a particular application), chemical stability, low or no toxicity, non-flammability, lubricant compatibility, and It is understood in the art that it is highly desirable to possess a mosaic of properties that are difficult to achieve, including/or lubricant compatibility. Additionally, any replacement for R-410A would ideally be a good match to the operating conditions of R-410A to avoid system modification or redesign. Developing heat transfer fluids that meet all of these demands, many of which are unpredictable, is a major challenge.

Regarding usage efficiency, it is important to note that loss of thermodynamic performance or energy efficiency of the refrigerant can result in increased usage of fossil fuels as a result of increased demand for electrical energy. Therefore, the use of such refrigerants will have secondary negative effects on the environment.

Flammability is considered an important property for many heat transfer applications. As used herein, the term "non-flammable" refers to the ASTM standard E-681-2009 Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gas ASHRAE Standard 34-2016 Design and Safety Refers to a compound or composition that is determined to be nonflammable under the conditions set forth in the Classification of Refrigerants and Appendix B1 of ASHRAE Standard 34-2016, which is incorporated herein by reference and herein incorporated by reference for convenience. It is called a "nonflammability test."

It is critical to maintaining system efficiency and proper and reliable operation of the compressor that the lubricant circulating in the vapor compression heat transfer system be returned to the compressor to perform its intended lubrication function. . Otherwise, lubricant can build up and become lodged within the coils and pipes of the system, including in the heat transfer components. Additionally, the build-up of lubricant on the inner surfaces of the evaporator reduces the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator, thereby reducing the efficiency of the system.

R-410A is currently commonly used with POE lubricants in air conditioning applications because R-410A is miscible with polyol esters (POE) at the temperatures encountered during use of such systems. However, R-410A is immiscible with POE at temperatures typically encountered during operation of cryogenic refrigeration and heat pump systems. Therefore, POE and R-410A cannot be used in cryogenic refrigeration or heat pump systems unless measures are taken to reduce this immiscibility.

Applicants intend to use it as a replacement for R-410A in air conditioning applications, particularly residential and commercial air conditioning applications, including rooftop air conditioning, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioning, and chiller air conditioning applications. We have come to understand that it would be desirable to be able to provide compositions that are possible. Applicants also believe that the compositions, methods, and systems of the present invention overcome the drawbacks of being immiscible with POE, e.g., in heat pumps and cryogenic refrigeration systems, at the temperatures encountered during the operation of these systems. I came to understand that it has advantages.

The present invention can be used as a replacement for R-410A and in preferred embodiments provides excellent heat transfer properties, chemical stability, along with low Global Warming Potential (GWP) and near zero ODP. The present invention provides refrigerant compositions that exhibit a mosaic of desirable properties: low or no toxicity, nonflammability, lubricant miscibility, and lubricant compatibility.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition that includes a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising about 5% to 100% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), and the lubricant The agent includes a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer includes an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene includes an alkylated naphthalene and a lubricant. is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to less than 10% by weight, based on the weight of. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as Heat Transfer Composition 1 for convenience.

As used herein in reference to percentages based on a list of specified compounds, the term "relative percentage" means the percentage of the specified compound based on the total weight of the listed compounds.

As used herein in terms of weight percentages, the term "about" in reference to an amount of a particular component means that the amount of the particular component may vary by an amount of +/-2% by weight.

In connection with the use of a stabilizer comprising an alkylated naphthalene in a heat transfer composition comprising a CF3I refrigerant and a lubricant comprising POE and/or PVE, Applicants have determined that the stabilizing effect of the alkylated naphthalene is From 1% to less than 10% by weight, or preferably from 1.5% to less than 8%, or preferably from 1.5% to about 6%, or preferably, based on the alkylated naphthalene and lubricant. It has been found that there is a critical range that is beneficially and unexpectedly enhanced compared to stabilizing effects outside the range of 1.5-5% by weight. The reason for the enhanced performance within this critical range is that the stabilizing performance of alkylated naphthalenes, when used in amounts greater than about 10% in the absence of other solutions described below, is resulting from the discovery that it can be degraded to an extent that is undesirable for certain applications. Additionally, Applicants believe that the stabilizing performance of alkylated naphthalenes, even when used in amounts less than 1%, is less than desirable for some applications. The existence of this critical range is unexpected.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising from about 10% to about 75% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I); The lubricant includes a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer includes an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is equal to or less than the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. present in the composition in an amount of 1% to less than 10% by weight, based on The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as Heat Transfer Composition 2 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising from about 5% to about 50% difluoromethane (HFC-32) and from about 35% to The lubricant includes a polyol ester ( _POE ) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and the stabilizer includes an alkylated The alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to less than 10% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as Heat Transfer Composition 3 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant being about 30% to about 50% difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3% to 15% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and from about 35% to about 70% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), the lubricant being a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer comprising an alkylated naphthalene, the alkylated naphthalene comprising from 1% to less than 10% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. present in the composition in an amount. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 4 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition that includes a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising about 5% to 100% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), and the lubricant The stabilizer includes a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinylether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer includes an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is in proportion to the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. present in the composition in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 5 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising from about 10% to about 75% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I); The lubricant includes a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer includes an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is equal to or less than the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. present in the composition in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight, based on The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 6 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising from about 5% to about 50% difluoromethane (HFC-32) and from about 35% to The lubricant includes a polyol ester ( _POE ) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and the stabilizer includes an alkylated The alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 7 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant being about 30% to about 50% difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3% to 15% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and from about 35% to about 70% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), the lubricant being a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer comprising an alkylated naphthalene, the alkylated naphthalene in an amount from 1% to 8% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. present in the composition. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 8 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition that includes a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising about 5% to 100% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), and the lubricant The stabilizer includes a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinylether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer includes an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is in proportion to the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 8% by weight. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 9 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising from about 10% to about 75% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I); The lubricant includes a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer includes an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is equal to or less than the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 8% by weight, based on The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 10 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising from about 10% to about 75% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I); The lubricant includes a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, the stabilizer includes an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is equal to or less than the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight, based on The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 11 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising from about 30% to about 50% difluoromethane (HFC-32) and from about 35% to about 50% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32). The lubricant includes a polyol ester ( _POE ) lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and the stabilizer includes an alkylated The alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and lubricant. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 12 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant being about 30% to about 50% difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3% to 15% by weight of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and from about 35% to about 70% by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), the lubricant being a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is from 1.5% to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. present in the composition in an amount of The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 13 for convenience.

The present invention also includes any of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-13, wherein the stabilizer is essentially free of ADM as defined below. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 13A for convenience.

The present invention also includes any of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-13, wherein the stabilizing agent is essentially free of ADM as defined below, and the stabilizing agent further comprises BHT. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 13B for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition that includes a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising about 5% to 100% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), and the lubricant includes a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinylether (PVE) lubricant, and the stabilizer includes an alkylated naphthalene and an acid-depleted moiety. The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 14 for convenience.

As used herein, the term "acid-depleted moiety" (sometimes referred to herein as "ADM" for convenience) means about 10% by weight or more of CF3I (such percentage is a heat transfer (based on the weight of all refrigerants in the composition), substantially reduces the acid moieties that would otherwise be present in the heat transfer composition. means a compound or radical that has the effect of As used herein, the term "substantially reduced" as used with respect to acid moieties in a heat transfer composition means that the acid moieties are at least about 10 relative percent (as defined below) of ) means reduced enough to result in a decrease in TAN value.

In connection with the use of stabilizers, including alkylated naphthalenes and ADM, Applicants have disclosed that certain materials contain or consist essentially of stabilizers containing alkylated naphthalene stabilizers. It has been found that performance can be substantially and unexpectedly enhanced. In particular, Applicants have discovered that certain materials can aid in the depletion of acid moieties in heat transfer compositions containing CF3I, including any of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention. Applicants have discovered that formulating heat transfer compositions with ADM provides an unexpected and synergistic enhancement to the stability function of at least the alkylated naphthalene stabilizers according to the present invention. The reason for this synergistic effect is not understood with certainty, but without being bound by or to any theory of operation, the alkylated naphthalene stabilizers of the present invention are formed from the CF3I of the refrigerants of the present invention. It is believed that this stabilizing effect is at least somewhat reduced in the presence of acid moieties. As a result, the presence of the ADM of the present invention allows alkylated naphthalene stabilizers to have an unexpected and synergistically enhanced effect. Additionally, Applicants have demonstrated that the performance reduction observed at relatively high concentrations of alkylated naphthalenes (i.e., about 10%) is due to the incorporation of ADM into heat transfer compositions (or into stabilizing lubricants). found that it could be neutralized by

Accordingly, the present invention includes stabilizers that include alkylated naphthalenes and ADM. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as Stabilizer 1 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilizer comprising from about 40% to about 99.9% by weight alkylated naphthalene and from 0.05% to about 50% by weight ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. . The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as Stabilizer 2 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilizer comprising from about 50% to about 99.9% by weight alkylated naphthalene and from 0.1% to about 50% ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. . The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as Stabilizer 3 for convenience.

The invention also provides a stabilizer comprising from about 40% to about 95% by weight alkylated naphthalene and from 5% to about 30% by weight ADM, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and ADM in the stabilizing agent. Also includes agents. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 4 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising from about 40% to about 95% alkylated naphthalene and from 5% to about 20% ADM, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and ADM in the stabilizer. include. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 5 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, including a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and Stabilizer 1, wherein the refrigerant comprises about 5% to 100% by weight % by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 15 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, including a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 2, wherein the refrigerant comprises about 5% to 100% by weight % by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 16 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, including a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 4, wherein the refrigerant contains between about 5% and 100% by weight. % by weight of trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 17 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, including a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and Stabilizer 1, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 20% by weight to about Contains 75% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 18 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, including a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 2, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 20% by weight to about Contains 75% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 19 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant including a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 4, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 20% by weight to about Contains 75% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 20 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant including a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 1, wherein the refrigerant is from about 5% to about 50% by weight. % difluoromethane (HFC-32) and about 35% to about 70% trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 21 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, including a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 2, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 5% by weight to about It contains 50% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32) and about 35% to about 70% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 22 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant including a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 4, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 5% by weight to about It contains 50% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32) and about 35% to about 70% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 23 for convenience.

A refrigerant, a lubricant including a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 1, wherein the refrigerant comprises about 30% to about 50% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32). , 3 to 15% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 35% to about 70% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 24 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, including a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 2, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 30% by weight to about It contains 50% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3 to 15% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 35% to about 70% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 25 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant including a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant, and a stabilizer 3, wherein the refrigerant comprises from about 30% to about It contains 50% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32), 3 to 15% by weight pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and about 35% to about 70% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I). The heat transfer composition according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as heat transfer composition 26 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising: (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) a stabilizer of the present invention comprising each of stabilizers 1-5. Also includes agents.

Definition:
For purposes of this invention, the term "about" in reference to a temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) means that the specified temperature may vary by an amount of +/-5°C. In preferred embodiments, the temperature specified as being about is preferably +/-2°C, more preferably +/-1°C, even more preferably +/-0.5°C of the specified temperature.

The term "capacity" is the amount of cooling (BTU/hour) provided by a refrigerant in a refrigeration system. This is determined experimentally by multiplying the change in enthalpy (BTU/lb) of the refrigerant as it passes through the evaporator by the mass flow rate of the refrigerant. Enthalpy can be determined from measurements of refrigerant pressure and temperature. The capacity of a cooling system relates to its ability to maintain the area being cooled at a particular temperature. Refrigerant capacity refers to the amount of cooling or heating that the refrigerant provides and provides a degree of ability of the compressor to deliver an amount of heat for a given volumetric flow rate of refrigerant. In other words, given a particular compressor, a refrigerant with higher capacity will provide more cooling or heating power.

The phrase "coefficient of performance" (hereinafter "coefficient of performance") is particularly useful in expressing the relative thermodynamic efficiency of a refrigerant in a particular heating or cooling cycle that involves evaporation or condensation of the refrigerant. , is a widely accepted measure of refrigerant performance. In refrigeration engineering, the term refers to the ratio of effective refrigeration or cooling capacity to the energy applied by the compressor during compression of vapor, and thus the amount of heat delivered for a given volumetric flow rate of a heat transfer fluid such as a refrigerant. represents the capacity of a given compressor. In other words, given a particular compressor, a refrigerant with a higher COP will provide more cooling or heating power. One means of estimating the COP of a refrigerant at particular operating conditions is from the thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant using standard refrigeration cycle analysis techniques (e.g., incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). (See R. C. Downing, FLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANTS HANDBOOK, Chapter 3, Prentice-Hall, 1988, incorporated herein by reference).

The phrase "discharge temperature" refers to the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor. The advantage of lower discharge temperatures is that it preferably allows the use of existing equipment without activating the thermal protection surfaces of the system designed to protect compressor components and eliminates the need for expensive liquid injections such as liquid injection to lower discharge temperatures. The aim is to avoid the use of expensive control devices.

The phrase "global warming potential" (hereinafter "GWP") was developed to enable comparisons of the global warming impact of various gases. Specifically, it is a measure of how much energy the release of one ton of a gas absorbs over a given period of time compared to the release of one ton of carbon dioxide. The higher the GWP, the more a given gas will warm the Earth over a period of time compared to CO2. The period typically used for GWP is 100 years. GWP provides a common measure that allows analysts to sum emission estimates for different gases. www. epa. Please refer to gov.

The phrase "Life Cycle Climate Performance" (hereinafter "LCCP") is a method by which air conditioning and refrigeration systems can be evaluated for their impact on global warming over the course of their product life. LCCP includes the direct effects of refrigerant emissions and the indirect effects of energy consumption used to operate the system, energy to manufacture the system, and transportation and safe disposal of the system. The direct impact of refrigerant emissions is obtained from the refrigerant's GWP value. Regarding indirect emissions, the measured refrigerant properties are used to derive system performance and energy consumption. LCCP is determined using Equation 1 and Equation 2 as follows. Equation 1 is: direct emissions = refrigerant charge (kg) x (annual leakage rate x product life + loss due to end of product life) x GWP. Equation 2 is indirect emissions = annual electricity consumption x product life x amount of CO ₂ per kW-hr of electricity production. Direct emissions, as determined by Equation 1, and indirect emissions, as determined by Equation 2, are added together to yield the LCCP. TMY2 and TMY3 data generated by the National Renewable Laboratory and available in BinMaker® Pro version 4 software are used for analysis. The GWP value reported in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report 4 (AR4) (2007) is used for calculation. LCCP is expressed as the mass of carbon dioxide (kg-CO _2eq ) over the life of an air conditioning or refrigeration system.

The term "mass flow rate" is the mass of refrigerant passing through a conduit per unit time.

The term "Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL)" is determined in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 34-2016 Design and Safety Classification of Refrigerants.

As used herein, the term "alternative to" with respect to a particular heat transfer composition or refrigerant of the present invention as a "replacement for" a particular prior refrigerant heretofore generally refers to This refers to the use of the specified compositions of the invention in heat transfer systems that have been used. Examples include residential and commercial air conditioning (including rooftop systems, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems, and chiller systems) that have been previously designed for and/or are commonly used with R410A. When using the refrigerant or heat transfer composition of the present invention in conventional heat transfer systems, the refrigerant of the present invention becomes a replacement for R410A in such systems.

The phrase "thermodynamic glide" applies to non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures that have varying temperatures during the phase change process in the evaporator or condenser at constant pressure.

The phrase "thermodynamic glide" applies to non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures that have varying temperatures during the phase change process in the evaporator or condenser at constant pressure.

As used herein, the term "TAN value" refers to ASHRAE Standard 97 - "Sealed Glass Tube Method to Test the Chemical Stability of Refers to the total acid number determined according to the "Materials for Use within Refrigerant Systems".

Heat Transfer Compositions Applicants have discovered that the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26 as described herein, are particularly suitable for replacing heat transfer compositions with R-410A. products, particularly conventional 410A residential air conditioning systems, and conventional R-410A commercial air conditioning systems (conventional R-410A rooftop systems, conventional R-410A variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems, and conventional R-410A It has been found that the present invention can provide very advantageous properties, particularly stability in use and non-flammability, when used in refrigeration systems).

As used herein, references to heat transfer compositions 1-26 refer to each of heat transfer compositions 1-26, including heat transfer compositions 13A and 13B.

A particular advantage of the refrigerants included in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention is that they are non-flammable when tested according to the non-flammability test and, as discussed above, are used in various systems as a replacement for R-410A. and have excellent heat transfer properties, low environmental impact (including particularly low GWP and near-zero ODP), excellent chemical stability, low or no toxicity, and/or lubricant compatibility and use. It is desirable in the art to provide refrigerant and heat transfer compositions that at times remain non-flammable. This desirable advantage can be achieved with the refrigerant and heat transfer compositions of the present invention.

Preferably, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, contain more than 40%, or more than 70%, or more than 80%, or 90% by weight of the heat transfer composition. Contains refrigerant in an amount exceeding %.

Preferably, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, consist essentially of a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention preferably contain other ingredients for the purpose of enhancing or providing certain functionality to the composition without detracting from the enhanced stability provided in accordance with the present invention. may include. Such other components or additives may include dyes, solubilizers, compatibilizers, co-stabilizers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, and antiwear additives.

Stabilizer:
Alkylated Naphthalenes Applicants have surprisingly and unexpectedly found that alkylated naphthalenes are highly effective as stabilizers for the heat transfer compositions of the present invention. As used herein, the term "alkylated naphthalene" refers to a compound having the structure:

wherein each R ₁ -R ₈ is independently selected from straight chain alkyl groups, branched chain alkyl groups, and hydrogen. The specific lengths of the alkyl chains, as well as mixtures or branched and straight chains and hydrogens, can vary within the scope of the present invention, and such variations will depend on the physical properties of the alkylated naphthalenes, particularly the alkylated compounds. Those skilled in the art will recognize and understand that the viscosity, etc. of Substances are often defined by

Applicants have found that unexpected, surprising and advantageous results result from the use of alkylated naphthalenes as stabilizers according to the invention, which have the following properties, and the properties shown: The alkylated naphthalene compounds having are referred to herein for convenience as alkylated naphthalene 1 (or AN1) to alkylated naphthalene 5 (or AN5), as shown in columns 1 to 5 of the table below, respectively.

As used herein in reference to viscosity at 40° C. measured according to ASTM D467, the term “about” means +/−4 cSt.

As used herein in reference to viscosity at 100° C. measured according to ASTM D467, the term “about” means +/−0.4 cSt.

As used herein in connection with pour point measured according to ASTM D97, the term "about" means +/-5°C.

Applicants have also found that unexpected, surprising and advantageous results are linked to the use of alkylated naphthalenes as stabilizers according to the invention having the following properties, and the properties shown: The alkylated naphthalene compounds having the following are conveniently referred to herein as alkylated naphthalene 6 (or AN6) to alkylated naphthalene 10 (or AN10), as shown in columns 6 to 10 of the table below, respectively.

Examples of alkylated naphthalenes within the meaning of alkylated naphthalene 1 and alkylated naphthalene 6 include those under the trade names NA-LUBE KR-007A, KR-008, KR-009, KR-015, KR-019 by King Industries. , KR-005FG, KR-015FG, and KR-029FG.

Examples of alkylated naphthalenes within the meaning of alkylated naphthalene 2 and alkylated naphthalene 7 include those sold by King Industries under the trade names NA-LUBE KR-007A, KR-008, KR-009, and KR-005FG. Some examples include:

Examples of alkylated naphthalenes within the meaning of alkylated naphthalenes 5 and alkylated naphthalenes 10 include the product sold by King Industries under the trade name NA-LUBE KR-008.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, where the alkylated naphthalene is AN1.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, where the alkylated naphthalene is AN2.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, where the alkylated naphthalene is AN3.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, where the alkylated naphthalene is AN4.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, where the alkylated naphthalene is AN5.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, where the alkylated naphthalene is AN6.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, where the alkylated naphthalene is AN7.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, where the alkylated naphthalene is AN8.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, where the alkylated naphthalene is AN9.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26 herein, where the alkylated naphthalene is AN10.

Acid Depleting Moiety (ADM)
Those skilled in the art can determine, without experimentation, a variety of ADMs useful in accordance with the present invention, and all such ADMs are within the scope of this specification.

Epoxides Applicants have demonstrated that epoxides, particularly alkylated epoxides, are effective in producing the enhanced stability discussed herein when used in combination with alkylated naphthalene stabilizers. Although not necessarily bound by theory, Applicants have found that this synergistic-enhancing stem is at least partially responsible for the effective function as an ADM in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention. It is believed that this is caused by

In a preferred embodiment, the epoxide is selected from the group consisting of epoxides that undergo a ring opening reaction with an acid, thereby depleting the acid system without adversely affecting the system.

Useful epoxides include aromatic epoxides, alkyl epoxides, and alkenyl epoxides.

Preferred epoxides include those of formula I:

wherein at least one of R ₁ to R ₄ is selected from a 2 to 15 carbon (C2 to C15) acyclic group, a C2 to C15 aliphatic group, and a C2 to C15 ether. The epoxide according to Formula 1 may be referred to herein as ADM1 for convenience.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one of R1-R4 of formula I is an ether having the structure:

In the formula, each of R5 and R6 is independently a C1 to C14 straight chain or branched chain, preferably unsubstituted alkyl group. The epoxide according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as ADM2 for convenience.

In a preferred embodiment, one of R ₁ to R ₄ of formula I is an ether having the structure:

In the formula, each of R ₅ and R ₆ is independently a C1 to C14 straight chain or branched chain, preferably unsubstituted alkyl group, and the remaining three of R ₁ to R ₄ are H It is. The epoxide according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as ADM3 for convenience.

In a preferred embodiment, the epoxide comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether. The epoxide according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as ADM4 for convenience.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26, the compositions comprising AN1 and ADM1.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26, the compositions comprising AN5 and ADM1.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26, the compositions comprising AN10 and ADM1.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26, the compositions comprising AN1 and ADM4.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26, the compositions comprising AN5 and ADM4.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions that include each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26, where the compositions include AN10 and ADM4.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions that include each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26 herein, including each of AN2 or AN3 or AN4 or AN6 or AN7 or AN8 or AN9 and ADM1.

The present invention provides heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26 herein, comprising each of AN2 or AN3 or AN4 or AN5 or AN6 or AN7 or AN8 or AN9 or AN10 and ADM2. Including things.

The present invention provides heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26 herein, comprising each of AN2 or AN3 or AN4 or AN5 or AN6 or AN7 or AN8 or AN9 or AN10 and ADM3. Including things.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions that include each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26 herein, including each of AN2 or AN3 or AN4 or AN6 or AN7 or AN8 or AN9 and ADM4.

When ADM is present in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26, the alkylated naphthalene is preferably from 0.01% to about 10%, or about Present in an amount of 1.5% to about 4.5%, or about 2.5% to about 3.5%, these amounts being weight percentages based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene and refrigerant in the system. .

When ADM is present in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26, the alkylated naphthalene is preferably 0.1% to about 20%, or about It is present in an amount of 1.5% to about 10%, or 1.5% to about 8%, these amounts being weight percentages based on the amount of alkylated naphthalene and refrigerant in the system.

Carbodiimides ADMs can include carbodiimides. In a preferred embodiment, carbodiimides include compounds having the following structure.

Other Stabilizers It is contemplated that stabilizers other than alkylated naphthalenes and ADM may be included in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-26. Examples of such other stabilizers are described below.

Phenolic Compound In a preferred embodiment, the stabilizer further comprises a phenolic compound.

Phenolic compounds include 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-bis(2- 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol containing methyl-6-tert-butylphenol; derivatives of 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol; 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert butylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-isopropylidenebis(2,6- di-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol); 2,2'-isobutylidenebis(4,6-dimethylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4- 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol: 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert -butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-alpha-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4 (N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis( 2-Methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); bis(3 -Methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl) sulfide; bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, tocopherol, hydroquinone, 2,2'6,6'-tetra- It may be one or more compounds selected from tert-butyl-4,4'-methylene diphenol, and t-butylhydroquinone, and preferably BHT.

The phenolic compound, especially BHT, is present in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001% to about 5%, preferably from 0.001% to about 2.5%, more preferably from 0.01% to about 2.5% by weight. It may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount of about 1% by weight. In each case, weight percentages refer to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

The phenolic compound, especially BHT, is present in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001% to about 5%, preferably from 0.001% to about 2.5%, more preferably from 0.01% to about 2.5% by weight. It may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount of about 1% by weight. In each case, weight percentages refer to weights based on the weight of lubricant in the heat transfer composition.

The present invention also provides from about 40% to about 95% by weight alkylated naphthalenes (including each of AN1 to AN10), based on the weight of all stabilizer components in the composition; Also included are stabilizers, including 10% by weight BHT. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 6 for convenience.

The present invention also provides from about 40% to about 95% alkylated naphthalenes (including each of AN1 to AN10), and from 5% to about 30% by weight, based on the weight of all stabilizer components in the composition. % ADM (including each of ADM1-ADM4) and 0.1 to about 10% BHT by weight. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 7 for convenience.

The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26 herein, the heat transfer composition comprising Stabilizer 6. The present invention includes a heat transfer composition comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26 herein, the heat transfer composition comprising stabilizer 7.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions that include each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, including AN1 and BHT. The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, including AN5 and BHT.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions that include each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 herein, including AN10 and BHT.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26 herein, including AN5, ADM4, and BHT.

The present invention includes heat transfer compositions comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-13 and 14-26 herein, including AN10, ADM4, and BHT.

Diene Compounds Diene compounds include C3 to C15 dienes and compounds formed by the reaction of two or more arbitrary C3 to C4 dienes. Preferably, the diene compound is selected from the group consisting of allyl ether, propadiene, butadiene, isoprene, and terpene. The diene compound is preferably a terpene, including tereben, retinal, geraniol, terpinene, delta-3carene, terpinolene, phellandrene, fenchene, myrcene, farnesene, pinene, nerol, citral, camphor, menthol, limonene, These include, but are not limited to, nerolidol, phytol, carnosic acid, and vitamin A1. Preferably the stabilizer is farnesene. Preferred terpene stabilizers are disclosed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/1, filed December 12, 2004, and published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0167044 (A1), which is incorporated herein by reference. No. 638,003.

In addition, the diene compound is present in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001% to about 5%, preferably from 0.001% to about 2.5%, more preferably 0.01% by weight. It may be provided in the heat transfer composition in an amount of up to about 1% by weight. In each case, weight percentages refer to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Phosphorous compounds The phosphorus compound can be a phosphorous compound or a phosphoric acid compound. For the purposes of the present invention, phosphite compounds are diaryl, dialkyl, triaryl and/or trialkyl phosphites and/or mixed aryl/alkyl di- or trisubstituted phosphites, in particular hindered phosphites, tris - (di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, di-n-octyl phosphite, iso-octyl diphenyl phosphite, isodecyl diphenyl phosphite, tri-iso-decyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphite, and diphenyl phosphite It can be one or more selected compounds, especially diphenyl phosphite.

The phosphoric acid compound can be a triaryl phosphate, a trialkyl phosphate, an alkyl monoacid phosphate, an aryl diacid phosphate, an amine phosphate, preferably a triaryl phosphate and/or a trialkyl phosphate, especially tri-n-butyl phosphate.

The phosphorus compound is present in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001% to about 5%, preferably from 0.001% to about 2.5%, more preferably from 0.01% to about 1% by weight. % in the heat transfer composition. In each case, by weight refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Nitrogen Compound When the stabilizer is a nitrogen compound, the stabilizer contains one or more secondary compounds selected from diphenylamine, p-phenylenediamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylamine, triisopropylamine, and triisobutylamine. amine-based compounds such as secondary or tertiary amines. Amine-based compounds are amine antioxidants, such as substituted piperidine compounds, i.e. derivatives of alkyl-substituted piperidyl, piperidinyl, piperazinone, or alkoxypiperidinyl, especially 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- Piperidone, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol; bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl) sebacate; di(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4 -piperidyl) sebacate, poly(N-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxy-piperidyl succinate; alkylated paraphenylenediamines, such as N-phenyl-N'-(1, 3-dimethyl-butyl)-p-phenylenediamine or N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, and hydroxylamines such as tallowamine, methylbistallowamine, and bistallowamine, or phenol-alpha - naphthylamine or one or more amine antioxidants selected from Tinuvin® 765 (Ciba), BLS® 1944 (Mayzo Inc), and BLS® 1770 (Mayzo Inc); For the purposes of the present invention, amine-based compounds also include alkyldiphenylamines such as bis(nonylphenylamine), dialkylamines such as (N-(1-methylethyl)-2-propylamine), or phenyl-alpha-naphthylamines. (PANA), alkyl-phenyl-alpha-naphthyl-amine (APANA), and bis(nonylphenyl)amine. Preferably, the amine-based compound is phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine ( PANA), alkyl-phenyl-alpha-naphthyl-amine (APANA), and bis(nonylphenyl)amine, more preferably phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine (PANA).

Alternatively, or in addition to the nitrogen compounds specified above, selected from dinitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, nitrosobenzene, and TEMPO[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl] One or more compounds may be used as stabilizers.

The nitrogen compound can be present in an amount of greater than 0, from 0.0001% to about 5%, preferably from 0.001% to about 2.5%, more preferably from 0.01% to about 1% by weight. may be provided in the heat transfer composition in amounts. In each case, weight percentages refer to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Isobutylene Isobutylene can also be used as a stabilizer according to the invention.

Additional Stabilizer Compositions The present invention also provides a stabilizer consisting essentially of an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1-AN10, an ADM comprising each of ADM1-ADM4, and phenol. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 8 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1 to AN10, an ADM comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4, and a phosphate. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 9 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1-AN10, an ADM comprising each of ADM1-ADM4, and a combination of phosphate and phenol. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 10 for convenience.

The present invention also includes an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1-AN10 in an amount of about 40% to about 95% by weight and each of ADM1-ADM4 in an amount of about 0.5% to about 25% by weight. A stabilizer is also provided, comprising ADM and an additional stabilizer selected from phosphates, phenols, and combinations thereof in an amount of about 0.1% to about 50% by weight, the weight percentage being: Based on total weight of stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 11 for convenience.

The present invention also includes an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1-AN10 in an amount of about 70% to about 95% by weight and each of ADM1-ADM4 in an amount of about 0.5% to about 15% by weight. A stabilizing agent is also provided, comprising ADM and an additional stabilizer selected from phosphate, phenol, and combinations thereof in an amount of about 0.1% to about 25% by weight; is based on the total weight of stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 12 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a stabilizer consisting essentially of an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1 to AN10, an ADM comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4, and BHT. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 13 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1 to AN10, an ADM comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4, and BHT. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 14 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a stabilizer consisting essentially of an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1-AN10, an ADM comprising each of ADM1-ADM4, BHT, and a phosphate. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 15 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a stabilizer comprising an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1 to AN10, an ADM comprising each of ADM1 to ADM4, BHT, and a phosphate. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 16 for convenience.

The present invention also includes an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1-AN10 in an amount of about 40% to about 95% by weight and each of ADM1-ADM4 in an amount of about 0.5% to about 10% by weight. A stabilizer is also provided that includes ADM and BHT in an amount from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight, where the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 17 for convenience.

The present invention also includes an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1-AN10 in an amount of about 70% to about 95% by weight and each of ADM1-ADM4 in an amount of about 0.5% to about 10% by weight. A stabilizer is also provided that includes ADM and BHT in an amount from about 0.1% to about 25% by weight, where the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 18 for convenience.

The present invention also provides an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1-AN10 in an amount of about 40% to about 95% by weight, and an ADM comprising each of ADM1-ADM4 in an amount of about 5% to about 25% by weight. , a third stabilizer compound selected from BHT, phosphate, and combinations thereof in an amount of from 1% to about 55% by weight, the weight percentage of the stabilizer being Based on total weight. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 19 for convenience.

The present invention also provides an alkylated naphthalene comprising each of AN1-AN10 in an amount of about 40% to about 95% by weight, and an ADM comprising each of ADM1-ADM4 in an amount of about 5% to about 25% by weight. , and BHT in an amount from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, where the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the stabilizer. The stabilizer according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilizer 20 for convenience.

Stabilizers of the present invention, including each of Stabilizers 1-20, may be used in any of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including any of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-13 and 14-26.

Stabilizers of the present invention, including each of Stabilizers 1-6, may also be used in either heat transfer compositions 13A and 13B.

Lubricants Generally, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, include a POE lubricant and/or a PVE lubricant, where the lubricant is based on the weight of the heat transfer composition: Preferably, it is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 5%, or 0.1% to about 1%, or 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight.

POE Lubricants The POE lubricants of the present invention include neopentyl POE lubricants in preferred embodiments. As used herein, the term neopentyl POE lubricant refers to a neopentyl polyol (preferably pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, or neopentyl glycol, and in embodiments where higher viscosity is preferred, dipentaerythritol) , refers to polyol esters (POEs) derived from the reaction between straight-chain or branched-chain carboxylic acids.

Commercially available POEs include neopentyl glycol diperargonate, available as Emery 2917® and Hatcol 2370®, and those sold by CPI Fluid Engineering under the trade names Emkarate RL32-3MAF and Emkarate RL68H. Examples include pentaerythritol derivatives. Emkarate RL32-3MAF and Emkarate RL68H are preferred neopentyl POE lubricants with the properties specified below.

Other useful esters include phosphoric acid esters, dibasic acid esters, and fluoroesters.

A lubricant consisting essentially of POE having a viscosity at 40° C. of about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt, measured according to ASTM D445, and a viscosity of about 5 cSt to about 10 cSt, measured at 100° C. according to ASTM D445, is described herein. It is referred to as lubricant 1 in the book.

A lubricant consisting essentially of neopentyl POE having a viscosity at 40° C. of about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt as measured according to ASTM D467 is conveniently referred to as Lubricant 2.

In preferred embodiments, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, include a POE lubricant.

In preferred embodiments, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, include a lubricant consisting essentially of a POE lubricant.

In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, include a lubricant consisting of a POE lubricant.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include Heat Transfer Composition 1, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 2, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 3, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 4, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 5, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 6, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 7, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 8, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 9, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 10 in which the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 11 in which the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 12, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 13, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition includes heat transfer composition 13A, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

A preferred heat transfer composition includes heat transfer composition 13B, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 14 in which the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 15 in which the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 16 in which the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 17, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 18 in which the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 19, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 20, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 21, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 22, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 23, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 24, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 25, where the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

Preferred heat transfer compositions include heat transfer composition 26 in which the lubricant is Lubricant 1 and/or Lubricant 2.

PVE Lubricants The lubricants of the present invention can generally include PVE lubricants. In a preferred embodiment, the PVE lubricant is PVE according to formula II:

In the formula, R ₂ and R ₃ are each independently a C1 to C10 hydrocarbon, preferably a C2 to C8 hydrocarbon, and R ₁ and R ₄ are each independently an alkyl, alkylene glycol, or a polycarbonate. oxyalkylene glycol units, n and m are preferably selected to obtain a lubricant with the desired properties according to the needs of those skilled in the art, preferably n and m are is selected to provide a lubricant having a viscosity of from about 30 to about 70 cSt. The PVE lubricant according to the immediately preceding description is referred to as Lubricant 3 for convenience. Commercially available polyvinyl ethers include lubricants sold by Idemitsu under the trade names FVC32D and FVC68D.

In preferred embodiments, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, include a PVE lubricant.

In preferred embodiments, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, include a lubricant consisting essentially of a PVE lubricant.

In preferred embodiments, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, include a lubricant comprised of a PVE lubricant.

In preferred embodiments, the PVE in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, is a PVE according to Formula II.

In a preferred embodiment, the heat transfer composition of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, includes a lubricant consisting essentially of Lubricant 3.

Stabilized Lubricant The present invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a POE lubricant and (b) a stabilizer of the present invention, including each of Stabilizers 1-20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as Stabilized Lubricant 1 for convenience.

The present invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) a neopentyl POE lubricant and (b) a stabilizer of the present invention comprising each of Stabilizers 1-20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 2 for convenience.

The invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising (a) Lubricant 1 or Lubricant 2, and (b) a stabilizer of the invention comprising each of Stabilizers 1-20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 3 for convenience.

The invention also provides a stabilized lubricant comprising: (a) Lubricant 3; and (b) a stabilizer of the invention, including each of Stabilizers 1-20. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 4 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising: (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) Stabilizer 1. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 5 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising: (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) a stabilizer 2. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 6 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising: (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) a stabilizer 3. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 7 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising: (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) a stabilizer 4. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 8 for convenience.

The present invention also includes a stabilized lubricant comprising: (a) a POE lubricant and/or a polyvinyl ether (PVE) lubricant; and (b) a stabilizer 5. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 9 for convenience.

The present invention also includes (a) a POE lubricant and/or a PVE lubricant; and (b) from 1% to less than 10% by weight of an alkylated naphthalene, based on the weight of the lubricant and the alkylated naphthalene. , including stabilizing lubricants. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 10 for convenience.

The present invention also includes (a) a POE lubricant and/or a PVE lubricant; and (b) from 1% to 8% by weight of an alkylated naphthalene, based on the weight of the lubricant and the alkylated naphthalene. Contains stabilizing lubricants. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 11 for convenience.

The invention also provides: (a) a POE lubricant and/or a PVE lubricant; and (b) from 1.5% to 8% by weight of an alkylated naphthalene, based on the weight of the lubricant and the alkylated naphthalene. Including, including stabilizing lubricants. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 12 for convenience.

The present invention also includes (a) a POE lubricant and/or a PVE lubricant; and (b) 1.5% to 6% by weight of an alkylated naphthalene, based on the weight of the lubricant and the alkylated naphthalene. Including, including stabilizing lubricants. The stabilized lubricant according to this paragraph may be referred to herein as stabilized lubricant 13 for convenience.

The present invention provides heat-stable compositions of the present invention comprising each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, wherein the lubricant and stabilizer are stabilized lubricants of the present invention comprising each of Stabilizing Lubricants 1-13. including.

Methods, Uses, and Systems The heat transfer compositions disclosed herein are provided for use in heat transfer applications, including air conditioning applications, with highly preferred air conditioning applications including residential air conditioning applications, commercial air conditioning applications. (rooftop applications, VRF applications, coolers, etc.).

The invention also includes methods for providing heat transfer including air conditioning methods, highly preferred air conditioning methods include providing residential air conditioning, providing commercial air conditioning (methods for providing rooftop air conditioning). , methods of providing VRF air conditioning, and methods of providing air conditioning using coolers).

The present invention also includes heat transfer systems including air conditioning systems, highly preferred air conditioning systems include residential air conditioning systems, commercial air conditioning systems such as rooftop air conditioning systems, VRF air conditioning systems, and air conditioning chiller systems. It will be done.

The present invention also relates to uses of heat transfer compositions, methods of using heat transfer compositions, and heat transfer compositions in connection with refrigeration, heat pumps, and coolers (including portable water coolers and central water coolers). We also provide systems that include

Any reference to any of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention refers to each of the heat transfer compositions described herein. Accordingly, for the following discussion of uses, methods, systems, or applications of compositions of the present invention, the heat transfer composition may comprise or consist essentially of any of heat transfer compositions 1-26. .

With respect to the heat transfer system of the present invention including a compressor and the compressor lubricant within the system, the system has a lubricant loading within the system of about 5% to 60% by weight, or about 10% to about 10% by weight. 60% by weight, or about 20% to about 50%, or about 20% to about 40%, or about 20% to about 30%, or about 30% to about 50%, or about Refrigerant and lubricant loadings can be included from 30% to about 40% by weight. As used herein, the term "lubricant charge" refers to the total weight of lubricant contained within the system as a percentage of the total lubricant and refrigerant contained within the system. Such systems may also include a lubricant loading of about 5% to about 10%, or about 8% by weight of the heat transfer composition.

A heat transfer system according to the present invention may include a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, and an expansion device in fluid communication with each other, and a heat transfer composition 1-26 and a sealing material in the system, where the sealing material is preferably is i. copper or copper alloy, or ii. activated alumina, or iii. Zeolite molecular sieves containing copper, silver, lead, or combinations thereof, or iv. anion exchange resin, or v. a moisture removing material, preferably a moisture removing molecular sieve, or vi. Including combinations of two or more of the above.

The present invention also provides a type of refrigerant comprising: evaporating a refrigerant liquid to produce a refrigerant vapor; compressing at least a portion of the refrigerant vapor in a compressor; and condensing the refrigerant vapor in a plurality of repeated cycles. Also includes a method for transferring heat, the method comprising:
(a) providing a heat transfer composition according to the invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26;
(b) optionally but preferably providing a lubricant to the compressor;
(b) exposing at least a portion of the refrigerant and/or at least a portion of the lubricant to a sealing material.

Uses, Equipment, and Systems In preferred embodiments, the residential air conditioning system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature within the range of about 0°C to about 10°C, and a condensing temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C. It is.

In preferred embodiments, the residential air conditioning system and method used in heating mode has a refrigerant evaporation temperature in the range of about -20°C to about 3°C, and a condensing temperature in the range of about 35°C to about 50°C. It is within.

In preferred embodiments, the commercial air conditioning system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature within a range of about 0°C to about 10°C and a condensing temperature within a range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

In preferred embodiments, the hot water system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature within the range of about -20°C to about 3°C and a condensation temperature within the range of about 50°C to about 90°C.

In preferred embodiments, the mesophilic system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature within the range of about -12°C to about 0°C and a condensation temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

In preferred embodiments, the cryogenic system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature within the range of about -40°C to about -12°C and a condensation temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

In preferred embodiments, the rooftop air conditioning system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature within a range of about 0°C to about 10°C and a condensing temperature within a range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

In preferred embodiments, the VRF system and method has a refrigerant evaporation temperature within the range of about 0°C to about 10°C and a condensation temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

The present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 1 in residential air conditioning systems.

The invention therefore includes the use of heat transfer composition 2 in residential air conditioning systems.

The invention therefore includes the use of heat transfer composition 3 in residential air conditioning systems.

The invention therefore includes the use of heat transfer composition 4 in residential air conditioning systems.

The invention therefore includes the use of heat transfer composition 5 in residential air conditioning systems.

The invention therefore includes the use of heat transfer composition 6 in residential air conditioning systems.

The invention therefore includes the use of heat transfer composition 7 in residential air conditioning systems.

The invention therefore includes the use of heat transfer composition 8 in residential air conditioning systems.

The invention therefore includes the use of heat transfer composition 9 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 10 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 11 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 12 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 13 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 13A in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 13B in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 14 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 15 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 16 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 17 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 18 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 19 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 20 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 21 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 22 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 23 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 24 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 25 in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 26 in residential air conditioning systems.

The invention therefore includes the use of heat transfer composition 1 in a cooler system.

The invention therefore includes the use of heat transfer composition 2 in a cooler system.

The invention therefore includes the use of heat transfer composition 3 in a cooler system.

The invention therefore includes the use of heat transfer composition 4 in a cooler system.

The invention therefore includes the use of heat transfer composition 5 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 6 in a cooler system.

The invention therefore includes the use of heat transfer composition 7 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 8 in a cooler system.

The invention therefore includes the use of heat transfer composition 9 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 10 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 11 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 12 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 13 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 13A in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 13B in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 14 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 15 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 16 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 17 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 18 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 19 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 20 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 21 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 22 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 23 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 24 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 25 in a cooler system.

Accordingly, the present invention includes the use of heat transfer composition 26 in a cooler system.

Examples of commonly used compressors, for purposes of this invention, include reciprocating, rotary (including rolling pistons and rotary valves), scroll, screw, and centrifugal compressors. Accordingly, the invention is described herein for use in heat transfer systems including reciprocating, rotary (including rolling pistons and rotary valves), scroll, screw, or centrifugal compressors. refrigerant and/or heat transfer composition.

Examples of commonly used expansion devices, for purposes of this invention, include capillary tubes, fixed orifices, thermal expansion valves, and electronic expansion valves. Accordingly, the present invention provides each of the refrigerants and/or heat transfer compositions described herein for use in heat transfer systems including capillary tubes, fixed orifices, thermal expansion valves, and electronic expansion valves. do.

For the purposes of the present invention, the evaporator and condenser are preferably fin-tube heat exchangers, microchannel heat exchangers, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, and tube-in-tube heat exchangers, respectively. -tube) heat exchanger. Therefore, the present invention provides that the evaporator and condenser together form a fin-tube heat exchanger, a microchannel heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger, or a tube-in-tube heat exchanger. Each of the refrigerants and/or heat transfer compositions described herein is provided for use in a heat transfer system.

The system of the invention therefore preferably comprises a sealing material in contact with at least a portion of the refrigerant and/or at least a portion of the lubricant according to the invention, the temperature of the sealing material and/or the temperature of the refrigerant at the time of said contact. and/or the temperature of the lubricant is preferably at a temperature of at least about 10° C., the sequestering material is preferably an anion exchange resin, activated alumina, a zeolite molecular sieve containing silver, and a moisture removal material, preferably Contains a combination of moisture removal molecular sieves.

As used in this application, the term "in contact with at least a portion" broadly refers to each such sealing material that is in contact with the same or a separate portion of the refrigerant and/or lubricant within the system. and sealing materials, and is intended to include, but is not necessarily limited to, each type or particular sealing material (i) if present, in physical contact with each other type or particular material; (ii) physically separate from each other type or particular material, if present; and (iii) two or more materials physically together; It is intended to include embodiments in which at least one sequestering material is physically separate from at least one other sequestering material.

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention can be used in heating and cooling applications.

In a particular feature of the invention, the heat transfer composition is used in a cooling method that includes condensing the heat transfer composition and then evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the article or body to be cooled. can be used.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to a method of cooling in a heat transfer system including an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor, the process comprising: i) condensing a heat transfer composition as described herein;
ii) evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the body or article to be cooled;
The evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system is within the range of about -40°C to about +10°C.

Alternatively, or in addition, the heat transfer composition is heated in a heating method that includes condensing the heat transfer composition in the vicinity of the article or body to be heated and then vaporizing the composition. can be used.

The present invention therefore relates to a method of heating in a heat transfer system, including an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor, wherein the process comprises: i) in the vicinity of the body or article to be heated; condensing the heat transfer composition;
ii) evaporating the composition, the evaporator temperature of the heat transfer system being within the range of about -30°C to about 5°C.

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention are provided for use in air conditioning applications, including both transportation and stationary air conditioning applications. Accordingly, any of the heat transfer compositions described herein may be used in any one of the following:
- Air conditioning applications, including mobile air conditioning, especially train and bus air conditioning;
- Mobile heat pumps, especially heat pumps for electric vehicles,
- coolers, especially positive displacement coolers, especially air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion coolers (either modular or individually packaged in a conventional manner);
- residential air conditioning systems, especially duct split or ductless split air conditioning systems;
- Residential heat pumps,
- Residential air-water heat pumps/hot water systems,
- industrial air conditioning systems,
- packaged rooftop units or variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems;
- Commercial air source, water source, or soil source heat pump systems.

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention are provided for use in refrigeration systems. The term "refrigeration system" refers to any system or device that uses a refrigerant to provide cooling, or any part or portion of such a system or device. Accordingly, any of the heat transfer compositions described herein may be used in any one of the following:
- low temperature refrigeration system,
-Medium temperature refrigeration system,
- commercial refrigerators,
- Commercial freezers;
-Ice machine,
-vending machine,
-transport refrigeration system,
-Home freezer,
-Home refrigerator,
- industrial freezers,
- industrial refrigerators, and - coolers.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, is particularly suitable for use in residential air conditioning systems (for cooling in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, particularly about 7°C, and/or or for heating in the range from about -20°C to about 3°C, particularly with an evaporator temperature of about 0.5°C). Alternatively, or additionally, each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-26, may be reciprocating, rotary (rolling piston or rotary valve), among others. , or for use in residential air conditioning systems having scroll compressors.

Each of the described heat transfer compositions, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, can be used in an air-cooled condenser (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, particularly about 4.5°C), It is especially provided for use in air-cooled coolers with positive displacement compressors, especially in air-cooled coolers with reciprocating scroll compressors.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, is particularly suitable for use in residential air-water heat pump hot water systems (in the range of about -20 to about 3°C, especially about 0.5°C). or having an evaporator temperature of about -30 to about 5°C, particularly about 0.5°C).

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, are particularly useful in medium temperature refrigeration systems (with evaporator temperatures in the range of about -12 to about 0°C, particularly about -8°C). provided for use in

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, is particularly useful in low temperature refrigeration systems (in the range of about -40 to about -12°C, particularly in the range of about -40°C to about -23°C). or preferably with an evaporator temperature of about -32°C).

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, are provided for use in residential air conditioning systems, e.g. (with a temperature of 10°C to about 17°C, in particular about 12°C) to buildings.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, are therefore provided for use in a split residential air conditioning system, where the residential air conditioning system contains cold air (e.g., about 10 °C to about 17 °C, especially about 12 °C).

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, are therefore provided for use in duct-split residential air conditioning systems, where the residential air conditioning system comprises cold air (e.g. 10° C. to about 17° C., especially about 12° C.).

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, are therefore provided for use in window residential air conditioning systems, where the residential air conditioning system comprises cold air (e.g., about 10 °C to about 17 °C, especially about 12 °C).

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, are therefore provided for use in a portable residential air conditioning system, where the residential air conditioning system contains cold air (e.g., about 10 °C to about 17 °C, especially about 12 °C).

The residential air conditioning systems described herein, including the residential air conditioning systems of the immediately preceding paragraph, preferably include an air-refrigerant evaporator (indoor coil), a compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil), and an expansion valve. The evaporator and condenser can be round tube plate fins, fin tubes, or microchannel heat exchangers. The compressor may be reciprocating, or rotary (rolling piston or rotary valve), or scroll compressor. The expansion valve can be a capillary tube, a thermal expansion valve, or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably within the range of 0°C to 10°C. The condensation temperature is preferably within the range of 40°C to 70°C.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, are provided for use in residential heat pump systems, where the residential heat pump system is used in the winter with warm air (e.g., about 18° C. to about 24°C, in particular about 21°C) to buildings. This can be the same system as a residential air conditioning system, but in heat pump mode the refrigerant flow is reversed and the indoor coil becomes the condenser and the outdoor coil becomes the evaporator. Typical system types are split and mini-split heat pump systems. The evaporator and condenser are typically round tube plate fins, finned, or microchannel heat exchangers. Compressors are typically reciprocating, or rotary (rolling piston or rotary valve), or scroll compressors. The expansion valve is typically a thermal expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably within the range of about -20°C to about 3°C, or -30°C to about 5°C. The condensation temperature is preferably within the range of about 35°C to about 50°C.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, are provided for use in commercial air conditioning systems, where the commercial air conditioning systems contain cold water (for example, the water has a temperature of about 7°C). can be chillers used to supply large buildings such as offices and hospitals. Depending on the application, chiller systems may operate year-round. The cooler system may be air-cooled or water-cooled. Air-cooled coolers typically have plate, tube-in-tube, or shell-in-tube evaporators, reciprocating or scroll compressors, and round tube plate fins to exchange heat with ambient air. , fin-tube, or microchannel condenser, and a thermal or electronic expansion valve. Water-cooled systems typically include shell-and-tube evaporators, reciprocating, scroll, screw, or centrifugal compressors to supply chilled water, and heat from cooling towers or lakes, oceans, and other natural sources. shell-and-tube condenser for water exchange, as well as a thermal or electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably within the range of about 0°C to about 10°C. The condensation temperature is preferably within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, are provided for use in residential air-water heat pump hot water systems, where the residential air-water heat pump hot water systems are equipped with underfloor heating or the like in winter. The water is used to supply a building with hot water for applications such as water having a temperature of, for example, about 50°C or about 55°C. Hot water systems typically include round tube plate fins, fin tubes, or microchannel evaporators for exchanging heat with ambient air, reciprocating, scroll, or rotary compressors, plates for heating the water, It has a tube-in-tube or shell-and-tube condenser and a thermal expansion valve or an electronic expansion valve. The refrigerant evaporation temperature is preferably within the range of about -20 to about 3°C or -30 to about 5°C. The condensation temperature is preferably within the range of about 50°C to about 90°C.

Heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, are provided for use in medium temperature refrigeration systems, wherein the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature within the range of about -12 to about 0°C. , in such systems, the refrigerant preferably has a condensing temperature within the range of about 40 to about 70°C, or about 20 to about 70°C.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a medium temperature refrigeration system used for cooling food or drinks, such as a refrigerator or bottle cooler, wherein the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature within the range of about -12°C to about 0°C. and in such systems, the refrigerant preferably has a condensing temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C, or about 20°C to about 70°C.

A mesotemperature system of the invention comprising a system as described in the immediately preceding paragraph preferably includes an air-refrigerant evaporator, reciprocating, scroll or screw type, for example for cooling food or drinks contained therein. a rotary or rotary compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser for exchanging heat with ambient air, and a thermothermal or electronic expansion valve. Heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, are provided for use in cryogenic refrigeration systems, where the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature within the range of about -40°C to about -12°C. and the refrigerant preferably has a condensing temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C, or about 20°C to about 70°C.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a cryogenic refrigeration system for use in providing refrigeration in a freezer, wherein the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature within the range of about -40°C to about -12°C; , preferably in the range of about 40°C to about 70°C, or about 20°C to about 70°C.

Accordingly, the present invention also provides a cryogenic refrigeration system for use in providing refrigeration in a cream making machine, wherein the refrigerant preferably has an evaporation temperature within the range of about -40°C to about -12°C. , the refrigerant preferably has a condensing temperature within the range of about 40°C to about 70°C, or about 20°C to about 70°C.

The cryogenic system of the present invention, including the system described in the immediately preceding paragraph, preferably includes an air-refrigerant evaporator, reciprocating, scroll, or rotary compressor for cooling food or beverages, transferring heat to the surroundings. It has an air-refrigerant condenser for air exchange and a thermal or electronic expansion valve.

The present invention therefore provides the use in a cooler of a heat transfer composition of the present invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, the alkylated naphthalene being AN5, and the heat transfer composition comprising: BHT is present in an amount from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant, and the BHT is about 0.001% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant. Present in an amount of up to about 5% by weight.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the use in a cooler of a heat transfer composition of the present invention comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, wherein the heat transfer composition further comprises BHT, and AN5 is a heat transfer composition. BHT is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition; Exist in quantity.

For purposes of the present invention, each heat transfer composition according to the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, has an evaporation temperature within the range of about 0°C to about 10°C and a range of about 40°C to about 70°C. Provided for use in coolers with condensing temperatures within The cooler is provided for use in air conditioning or refrigeration, preferably for commercial air conditioning. The cooler is preferably a positive displacement cooler, especially an air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion cooler (either modular or singly packaged in a conventional manner).

The invention therefore provides the use of each heat transfer composition according to the invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning.

The invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition of the invention, comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning, wherein the alkyl The naphthalene compound is AN5, and the heat transfer composition further includes BHT, where the AN5 is present in an amount from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant, and the BHT is , is present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant.

The present invention therefore provides the use of a heat transfer composition of the present invention, comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1 to 26, in stationary air conditioning, in particular residential, industrial or commercial air conditioning. provided that the alkylated naphthalene is AN5, the heat transfer composition further comprises BHT, and the AN5 comprises from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition. BHT is present in an amount from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, based on the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Each heat transfer composition according to the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, is provided as a low GWP replacement for refrigerant R-410A.

Each heat transfer composition according to the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, is provided as a low GWP addition to refrigerant R-410A.

Accordingly, the heat transfer compositions and refrigerants of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, can be used as additional refrigerant/heat transfer compositions or as alternative refrigerant/heat transfer compositions.

Therefore, the present invention can be designed for R-410A refrigerant without requiring substantial engineering changes to existing systems, and in particular without changing condensers, evaporators, and/or expansion valves. and methods of retrofitting existing heat transfer systems containing the same.

Therefore, the present invention also provides a suitable alternative for R-410A, especially in residential air conditioning refrigerants, without requiring substantial engineering changes to existing systems, especially in condensers, Also included are methods of using the refrigerant or heat transfer compositions of the present invention without modification of the evaporator and/or expansion valve.

Accordingly, the present invention also includes methods of using the refrigerants or heat transfer compositions of the present invention as a replacement for R-410A, particularly as a replacement for R-410A in residential air conditioning systems.

Accordingly, the present invention also includes methods of using the refrigerants or heat transfer compositions of the present invention as a replacement for R-410A, particularly as a replacement for R-410A in chiller systems.

Accordingly, a method is provided for retrofitting an existing heat transfer system containing R-410A refrigerant, the method comprising adding at least a portion of the existing R-410A refrigerant to a heat transfer system comprising each of heat transfer compositions 1-26. including replacing the heat transfer composition of the invention.

The replacement step preferably involves replacing at least a substantial portion of the existing refrigerant (which may be, but is not limited to, R-410A) without any substantial modification of the system to accommodate the refrigerant of the present invention. removing a portion, preferably substantially all thereof, and introducing a heat transfer composition of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-26. Preferably, the method removes at least about 5%, about 10%, about 25%, about 50%, or about 75% by weight of R-410A from the system and combines it with the heat transfer composition of the present invention. Including replacing with something.

Alternatively, the heat transfer composition can be used in a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system that is designed to contain or contains R410A refrigerant, and the system Modified for use with heat transfer compositions.

Alternatively, the heat transfer composition can be used as a replacement in heat transfer systems that are designed to contain or are suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant.

The present invention encompasses the use of the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-17, as a low global warming replacement for R-410A, or as an add-on to an existing heat transfer system. or in a heat transfer system suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant as described herein.

When the heat transfer composition is provided for use in a method of retrofitting an existing heat transfer system as described above, the method preferably includes removing at least a portion of the existing R-410A refrigerant from the system. Those skilled in the art will understand that this includes: Preferably, the method includes removing at least about 5%, about 10%, about 25%, about 50%, or about 75% by weight of R-410A from the system and adding it to the heat transfer composition. 1 to 17.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention can be used as a replacement in systems that are used with or suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant, such as existing or new heat transfer systems.

Compositions of the present invention exhibit many of the desirable properties of R-410A, but have a GWP that is substantially lower than R-410A, while at the same time being substantially similar to or substantially less than R-410A. and more preferably have equally high or higher operating characteristics, i.e. capacity and/or efficiency (COP). This allows the claimed composition to replace R-410A in existing heat transfer systems without requiring any major system changes to, for example, condensers, evaporators, and/or expansion valves. . Therefore, the composition can be used as a direct replacement for R-410A in heat transfer systems.

Accordingly, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention preferably exhibit operating characteristics, as compared to R-410A, where the composition efficiency (COP) is greater than 90% of the efficiency of R-410A in a heat transfer system.

Accordingly, the heat transfer composition of the present invention preferably exhibits operating characteristics, compared to R-410A, whose capacity is 95-105% of the capacity of R-410A in a heat transfer system.

It will be appreciated that R-410A is an azeotrope-like composition. Therefore, in order for the claimed compositions to match the operating characteristics of R-410A, only one of the refrigerants included in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-26. Either desirably exhibits a low level of gradient. Accordingly, the refrigerant included in the heat transfer compositions of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-26 according to the present invention as described herein, has a temperature of less than 2°C, preferably less than 1.5°C. An evaporator gradient may be provided.

Accordingly, the heat transfer composition of the present invention preferably has a composition efficiency (COP) of 100 to 102% of the efficiency of R-410A in a heat transfer system, and a capacity as compared to R-410A. It exhibits operating characteristics that are 92-102% of the capabilities of R-410A in heat transfer systems.

Preferably, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention exhibit the following operating characteristics, preferably compared to R-410A, in heat transfer systems in which the compositions of the present invention replace R-410A refrigerant.
- the efficiency of the composition (COP) is 100-105% of the efficiency of R-410A, and/or - the capacity is 92-102% of the capacity of R-410A.

To increase the reliability of heat transfer systems, the heat transfer compositions of the present invention have the following properties compared to R-410A in heat transfer systems where the compositions of the present invention are used to replace R-410A refrigerant: It is preferable that the material further exhibits the following characteristics.
- the discharge temperature is not more than 10° C. higher than the discharge temperature of R-410A, and/or - the compressor pressure ratio is 98-102% of the compressor pressure ratio of R-410A.

Existing heat transfer compositions used to replace R-410A are preferably air conditioning heat transfer systems, including both mobile and stationary air conditioning systems. As used herein, the term mobile air conditioning system refers to mobile, non-vehicle air conditioning systems, such as truck, bus, and train air conditioning systems. Accordingly, each of the heat transfer compositions as described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, can be used to replace R-410A in any one of the following:
- air conditioning systems, including mobile air conditioning systems, especially truck, bus and train air conditioning systems;
- Mobile heat pumps, especially heat pumps for electric vehicles,
- coolers, especially positive displacement coolers, especially air-cooled or water-cooled direct expansion coolers (either modular or individually packaged in a conventional manner);
- residential air conditioning systems, especially duct split or ductless split air conditioning systems;
- Residential heat pumps,
- Residential air-water heat pumps/hot water systems,
- industrial air conditioning systems, and - packaged rooftop units or variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems;
- Commercial air source, water source, or soil source heat pump systems.

The heat transfer compositions of the present invention are alternatively provided to replace R410A in refrigeration systems. Accordingly, each of the heat transfer compositions as described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, can be used to replace R10A in any one of the following:
- low temperature refrigeration system,
-Medium temperature refrigeration system,
- commercial refrigerators,
- Commercial freezers;
-Ice machine,
-vending machine,
-transport refrigeration system,
-Home freezer,
-Home refrigerator,
- industrial freezers,
- industrial refrigerators, and - coolers.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, can be used in residential air conditioning systems (for cooling in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, particularly about 7°C, and/or or for heating in the range from about -20 to about 3°C or from 30 to about 5°C, particularly with an evaporator temperature of about 0.5°C). Alternatively, or additionally, each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-26, may be reciprocating, rotary (rolling piston or rotary valve), or It is specifically provided to replace R-410A in residential air conditioning systems having scroll compressors.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, can be used in an air-cooled cooler (with an evaporator temperature in the range of about 0 to about 10°C, particularly about 4.5°C). ), in particular to replace R-410A in air-cooled chillers with positive displacement compressors, especially in air-cooled chillers with reciprocating or scroll compressors.

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, can be used in residential air-water heat pump hot water systems (from about -20 to about 3°C or from about -30 to about 5°C). range, especially with an evaporator temperature of about 0.5° C.).

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, can be used in medium temperature refrigeration systems (with evaporator temperatures in the range of about -12 to about 0°C, particularly about -8°C). is specifically provided to replace R-410A in

Each of the heat transfer compositions described herein, including each of Heat Transfer Compositions 1-26, can be used in low temperature refrigeration systems (in the range of about -40°C to about -12°C, particularly from about -40°C to about -23°C). or preferably with an evaporator temperature of about -32°C).

Accordingly, a method is provided for retrofitting an existing heat transfer system that is designed to contain or contains R-410A refrigerant or is suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant; includes replacing at least a portion of the existing R-410A refrigerant with a heat transfer composition of the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-26.

Accordingly, a method is provided for retrofitting an existing heat transfer system that is designed to contain or contains R-410A refrigerant or is suitable for use with R-410A refrigerant; involves replacing at least a portion of the existing R-410A refrigerant with a heat transfer composition according to the present invention, including each of heat transfer compositions 1-26.

The present invention further provides a heat transfer system comprising a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator in fluid communication, and a heat transfer composition in the system, the heat transfer composition comprising heat transfer compositions 1 to 1. According to the invention comprising each of 26.

In particular, the heat transfer system may include a residential air conditioning system (in the range from about 0 to about 10°C for cooling, especially about 7°C, and/or from about -20 to about 3°C or from about -30 to about 5° C., particularly with an evaporator temperature of about 0.5° C.).

In particular, the heat transfer system may include an air-cooled cooler (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about 0°C to about 10°C, especially about 4.5°C), especially an air-cooled cooler with a positive displacement compressor, especially a reciprocating It is an air-cooled cooler with a dynamic or scroll compressor.

In particular, the heat transfer system is a residential air-water heat pump hot water system (having an evaporator temperature in the range of about -20°C to about 3°C or about -30°C to about 5°C, particularly about 0.5°C). be.

Heat transfer systems can be used in refrigeration systems, such as low temperature refrigeration systems, medium temperature refrigeration systems, commercial refrigerators, commercial freezers, ice machines, vending machines, transport refrigeration systems, domestic freezers, domestic refrigerators, industrial freezers, and chillers. It can be.

The refrigerant compositions identified in Table 2 below as refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 are refrigerants within the scope of the invention as described herein. Each of the refrigerants was subjected to thermodynamic analysis to determine its ability to match the operating characteristics of R-4104A in various refrigeration systems. An analysis was performed using experimental data collected on the properties of various binary pairs of ingredients used in the composition. The vapor/liquid equilibrium behavior of CF ₃ I was measured and investigated in a series of binary pairs containing each of HFC-32 and R125. In the experimental evaluation, the composition of each binary pair was varied over a series of relative percentages, and the mixing parameters of each binary pair were regressed on the experimentally obtained data. Examples include the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database software (RefP. rop 9.1 NIST Standard Database 2013), the binary pair HFC-32 and HFC-125 vapor/ Liquid equilibrium behavior data were used. The parameters chosen to perform the analysis were the same compressor volume for all refrigerants, the same operating conditions for all refrigerants, and the same compressor adiabatic efficiency and volumetric efficiency for all refrigerants. In each example, simulations were performed using measured vapor-liquid equilibrium data. Simulation results will be reported for each example.

Refrigerant A1 contains, in relative percentages, 100% by weight of the three compounds listed in Table 2 and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A1 consists of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in relative percentages and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A2 contains, in relative percentages, 100% by weight of the three compounds listed in Table 2 and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A2 consists of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in relative percentages and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A3 contains, in relative percentages, 100% by weight of the three compounds listed in Table 2 and is non-flammable. Refrigerant A3 consists of the three compounds listed in Table 2 in relative percentages and is non-flammable.

Example 1 - Environment/GWP
The LCCP was determined for R410, other known refrigerants, and the refrigerant of the present invention and is reported in Table 3. In Table 3, the refrigerant having a GWP of 400 is the refrigerant of the present invention. As known refrigerants, refrigerants with GWP of 1, 150, 250, 750, and 2088 were used. A known refrigerant with a GWP of 2088 is R410A.

Table 3 shows the LCCP results in four regions: US, EU, China, and Brazil. As GWP decreases, direct emissions become smaller. However, the lower system efficiency consumes more energy and increases indirect emissions. Therefore, the total emissions (kg-CO _2eq ) initially decrease and then increase as the GWP decreases. Different energy structures within these regions exhibit optimal GWP values with the lowest total emissions. The number of AC units also differs between these regions. That is, USA and EU have more AC units than China and Brazil. The last column of Figure 1 and Table 3 shows the total emissions considering all four areas and the total number of AC units. As the GWP decreases, the total emissions decrease until reaching the lowest value for the refrigerant of the present invention, which has a GWP of 400. In the GWP range of 250-750, the total emissions are very similar. However, total emissions increase significantly when GWP is less than 150, since indirect emissions increase significantly. The present invention therefore demonstrates surprising and unexpected results.

Example 2A - Residential air conditioning system (cooling)
Residential air conditioning systems are used to supply cold air (26.7° C.) to buildings during the summer. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in a simulation of a residential air conditioning system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 4 below. The operating conditions are as follows. Condensing temperature = 46 °C, condenser subcooling = 5.5 °C, evaporation temperature = 7 °C Evaporator superheating = 5.5 °C, isotropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, temperature rise in the intake line =5.5℃.

Table 4 shows the thermodynamic performance of the residential air conditioning system compared to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit 92% or more capacity and efficiency compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to R410A. Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit a pressure ratio of 100% compared to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to R410A and no changes to the R410A compressor are required.

Example 2B. - Residential air conditioning system (cooling)
A residential air conditioning system is provided in which a POE lubricant is included in the system and an alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and an ADM according to the present invention (lubricant Configured to provide cold air according to Example 2A, stabilized with an amount of ADM4) of about 0.05-0.5% by weight based on the weight of. A system so constructed operates continuously for an extended period of time and after such operation the lubricant is tested and found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 3A - Residential heat pump system (heating)
Residential heat pump systems are used to supply warm air (21.1° C.) to buildings during winter. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in a simulation of a residential air conditioning system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 5 below. The operating conditions are as follows. Condensing temperature = 41 °C, condenser subcooling = 5.5 °C, evaporation temperature = 0.5 °C, evaporator superheat = 5.5 °C, isotropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, in the intake line temperature rise = 5.5°C.

Table 5 shows the thermodynamic performance of the residential heat pump system compared to the R410A system. The capacity of refrigerant A1 can be restored with a larger compressor. Refrigerants A2-A3 exhibit greater than 90% capacity and efficiency compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to R410A. Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit a pressure ratio of 100% compared to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to R410A and no changes to the R410A compressor are required.

Example 3B. - Residential heat pump system (heating)
A heat pump system is provided in which a POE lubricant is included in the system and an alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and an ADM according to the present invention (an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) Example 3A is stabilized with ADM4) in an amount of about 0.05-0.5% by weight based on The system so constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time and the lubricant was tested after such operation and was found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 4A - Commercial Air Conditioning System - Chiller A commercial air conditioning system (chiller) is used to supply chilled water (7° C.) to large buildings such as offices and hospitals. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in a simulation of a commercial air conditioning system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 6 below. The operating conditions are as follows. Condensing temperature = 46 °C, condenser subcooling = 5.5 °C, evaporation temperature = 4.5 °C, evaporator superheat = 5.5 °C, isotropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, in the intake line Temperature rise = 2°C.

Table 6 shows the thermodynamic performance of the commercial air conditioning system compared to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit 92% or more capacity and efficiency compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to R410A. Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit a pressure ratio of 100% compared to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to R410A and no changes to the R410A compressor are required.

Example 4B. Commercial Air Conditioning Systems - Chillers Commercial air conditioning systems are equipped with a POE lubricant included in the system and an alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) and a POE lubricant according to the present invention. Comprising Example 4A, stabilized with ADM (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05-0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant). The system so constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time and the lubricant was tested after such operation and was found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 5A - Residential Air-Water Heat Pump Hot Water System A residential air-water heat pump hot water system is used to provide hot water (50° C.) to a building during the winter for underfloor heating or similar applications. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in a simulation of a residential heat pump system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 7 below. The operating conditions are as follows. Condensing temperature = 60 °C, condenser subcooling = 5.5 °C, evaporation temperature = 0.5 °C, evaporator superheat = 5.5 °C, isotropic efficiency = 70%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, in the intake line temperature rise = 2°C.

Table 7 shows the thermodynamic performance of the residential heat pump system compared to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit greater than 93% capacity and efficiency compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to R410A. Refrigerants A1-A2 exhibit a pressure ratio of 100% compared to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to R410A and no changes to the R410A compressor are required.

Example 5B. - Residential Air-Water Heat Pump Hot Water System A residential air-water heat pump hot water system is a residential air-water heat pump hot water system in which a POE lubricant is included in the system and an alkylated naphthalene (about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant) according to the present invention. of AN4) and ADM according to the invention (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05-0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant). The system so constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time and the lubricant was tested after such operation and was found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 6A - Medium Temperature Refrigeration System Medium temperature refrigeration systems are used to cool food or drinks, such as in refrigerators and bottle coolers. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in a simulation of a medium temperature refrigeration system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 8 below. Operating conditions: condensing temperature = 40.6 °C, condenser subcooling = 0 °C (system with receiver), evaporation temperature = -6.7 °C, evaporator superheat = 5.5 °C, isotropic efficiency = 70 %, volumetric efficiency: 100%, and degree of superheat in the intake line = 19.5°C.

Table 8 shows the thermodynamic performance of the medium temperature cooling system compared to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit greater than 94% capacity and efficiency compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to R410A. Refrigerants A1-A2 exhibit a pressure ratio of 100% compared to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to R410A and no changes to the R410A compressor are required.

Example 6B. Medium Temperature Refrigeration System A medium temperature refrigeration system is configured to cool food or beverages, such as in refrigerators and bottle coolers, in which a POE lubricant is included in the system and the alkylated naphthalene (based on the weight of the lubricant) according to the present invention is AN4) in an amount of about 6% to about 10% by weight) and ADM according to the invention (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant). Constructed according to Example 6A. The system so constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time and the lubricant was tested after such operation and was found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 7A - Cryogenic Freezing System Cryogenic freezing systems are used in ice cream machines, freezers, etc. to freeze food. Refrigerants A1, A2, and A3 were used in a simulation of a cryogenic refrigeration system as described above, and the performance results are shown in Table 9 below. Operating conditions: condensing temperature = 40.6 °C, condenser subcooling = 0 °C (system with receiver), evaporation temperature = -28.9 °C, degree of superheat at the evaporator outlet = 5.5 °C, isentropic - Efficiency = 65%, volumetric efficiency: 100%, and degree of superheat in the intake line = 44.4°C.

Table 9 shows the thermodynamic performance of the cryogenic refrigeration system compared to the R410A system. Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit greater than 96% capacity and efficiency compared to R410A. This indicates that the system performance is similar to R410A. Refrigerants A1-A3 exhibit a pressure ratio of 99% or 100% compared to R410A. This indicates that the compressor efficiency is similar to R410A and no changes to the R410A compressor are required.

Example 7B. Cryogenic Freezing System A cryogenic freezing system is configured to freeze food, such as in an ice cream machine and freezer, and wherein a POE lubricant is included in the system and an alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention (based on the weight of the lubricant) AN4) in an amount of about 6% to about 10% by weight) and ADM according to the invention (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant). Constructed according to Example 7A. The system so constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time and the lubricant was tested after such operation and was found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 8A. Commercial Air Conditioning Systems - Packaged Rooftops Packaged rooftop commercial air conditioning systems configured to supply cooled or heated air to a building are tested. The experimental system includes a packaged rooftop air conditioning/heat pump system with an air-refrigerant evaporator (indoor coil), a compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coil), and an expansion valve. The tests described herein are representative of the results obtained from such systems. The operating conditions for the test are as follows.
1. Condensing temperature = approx. 46℃ (corresponding outdoor ambient temperature = approx. 67℃)
2. Condenser supercooling = approx. 5.5℃
3. Evaporation temperature = approximately 7°C (corresponding indoor ambient temperature = 26.7°C)
4. Evaporator superheat = approx. 5.5℃
5. Insulation efficiency = 70%
6. Volumetric efficiency = 100%
7. Temperature rise in intake line = 5.5℃

The performance with each of refrigerants A1-A3 is found to be acceptable.

Example 8A. Commercial Air Conditioning Systems--Packaged Rooftops Packaged commercial air conditioning systems include a POE lubricant included in the system and an alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention (AN4 in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant). ) and ADM according to the invention (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05-0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant), according to Example 8A. configured to supply. A system so constructed operates continuously for an extended period of time and after such operation the lubricant is tested and found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Example 9A - Commercial Air Conditioning System - Variable Refrigerant Flow System A commercial air conditioning system using variable refrigerant flow configured to supply cooled or heated air to a building is tested. The experimental system includes multiple (four or more) air-refrigerant evaporators (indoor coils), a compressor, an air-refrigerant condenser (outdoor coils), and an expansion valve. The tests described herein are representative of the results obtained from such systems. The operating conditions for the test are as follows.
1. Condensing temperature = approximately 46℃, corresponding outdoor ambient temperature = 67℃
2. Condenser supercooling = approx. 5.5℃
3. Evaporation temperature = approximately 7°C (corresponding indoor ambient temperature = 26.7°C)
4. Evaporator superheat = approx. 5.5℃
5. Insulation efficiency = 70%
6. Product efficiency = 100%
7. Temperature rise in the intake line = 5.5°C. The performance of each of refrigerants A1-A3 is found to be acceptable.

Example 9B. Commercial Air Conditioning Systems - Variable Flow Refrigerant A commercial air conditioning system with variable refrigerant flow is configured to supply cooled or heated air to a building, a POE lubricant is included in the system, and an alkylated naphthalene (lubricated AN4) in an amount of about 6% to about 10% based on the weight of the lubricant and ADM according to the invention (ADM4 in an amount of about 0.05 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the lubricant) Example 9A. The system so constructed was operated continuously for an extended period of time and the lubricant was tested after such operation and was found to remain stable during such actual operation.

Comparative Example 1 - Heat Transfer Composition Comprising Refrigerant and Lubricant and BHT The heat transfer composition of the present invention was tested according to ASHRAE Standard 97 - "Sealed Glass Tube Method to Test the Chemical Stability of Materials for Us e within Refrigerant Systems”. to simulate the long-term stability of heat transfer compositions through accelerated aging. The test refrigerant consists of 41% by weight R-32, 3.5% by weight R-125, and 55.5% by weight CF3I, with 1.7% by volume air in the refrigerant. The POE lubricant tested was ISO 32 POE (Lubricant A) with a viscosity of approximately 32 cSt at 40° C. and a water content of 300 ppm or less. The lubricant contained the stabilizer BHT, but no alkylated naphthalenes and no ADM. After testing, observe the fluid for clarity and determine the total acid number (TAN). The TAN value is believed to reflect the stability of the lubricant in the fluid under the conditions of use in heat transfer compositions. The fluid is also tested for the presence of trifluoromethane (R-23), which is thought to reflect refrigerant stability, as this compound is believed to be a product of CF3I destruction.

Experiments are performed by preparing sealed tubes containing 50% by weight R-466a and 50% by weight of the indicated lubricants, each of which is degassed. Each tube includes coupons of steel, copper, aluminum, and bronze. Stability is tested by placing the sealed tube in an oven maintained at approximately 175°C for 14 days. The results were as follows.
Appearance of lubricant - yellow to brown TAN ->2mgKOH/g
R-23->1% by weight

Example 10 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant and a lubricant The test of Comparative Example 1 was repeated except that 2% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) was added based on the weight of the lubricant. repeat. The results (designated E10) are reported in Table 10 below, along with the results from Comparative Example 1 (designated CE1).

As can be seen from the above data, refrigerant/lubricant fluids without alkylnaphthalene stabilizers according to the present invention exhibit relatively high TAN and R-23 values with less than ideal appearance. This result is achieved regardless of the inclusion of BHT stabilizers. In contrast, the addition of 2% alkylated naphthalene according to the present invention resulted in dramatic and unexpected improvements in all tested stability results, including dramatic and orders of magnitude improvements in both TAN and R-23 concentrations. results in improvements.

Example 11 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant and a lubricant The test of Example 10 was repeated except that 4% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) was added based on the weight of the lubricant. repeat. The results are similar to those of Example 10.

Example 12 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant and a lubricant The test of Example 10 was repeated except that 6% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) was added based on the weight of the lubricant. repeat. The results are similar to those of Example 10.

Example 13 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant and a lubricant The test of Example 10 was repeated except that 8% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) was added based on the weight of the lubricant. repeat. The results are similar to those of Example 10.

Example 14 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition containing a refrigerant and a lubricant The test of Comparative Example 1 was repeated except that 10% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) was added based on the weight of the lubricant. repeat. The results (designated E14) are reported in Table 11 below, along with the results from Comparative Example 1 (designated CE1) and Example 10 (designated E10).

As can be seen from the data above, refrigerant/lubricant fluids with 10% alkylated naphthalene stabilizers (and without ADM) compared to fluids with 2% AN levels for each criterion tested. unexpectedly shows a substantial deterioration in stabilization performance for .

Example 15 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant and a lubricant In addition to adding 10% by weight of alkylated naphthalene (AN4) based on the weight of the lubricant, 1000 ppm by weight (0 The test of Example 14 is repeated, except that .1% by weight) of ADM (ADM4) is also added. The results (designated E15) are reported in Table 12 below, along with the results from Comparative Example 1 (designated CE1), Example 10 (designated E10), and Example 14 (designated E14).

As can be seen from the above data, the refrigerant/lubricant fluid with 10% alkylated naphthalene stabilizer and 0.1% by weight (1000 ppm) ADM unexpectedly showed the best performance and R-23 value. is even better than the excellent results from Example 10.

Example 16 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant and a lubricant. The lubricant has a viscosity of about 74 cSt at 40°C and a water content of 300 ppm or less. ISO 74 POE (Lubricant B) The test of Example 15 is repeated, except that. The results were as follows.
Lubricant Appearance - Clear to slightly yellow TAN - <0.1mgKOH/g
R-23-<0.05% by weight

Example 17 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant and a lubricant. The lubricant has a viscosity of about 68 cSt at 40°C and a water content of 300 ppm or less. ISO 68 PVE (Lubricant c) The test of Example 15 is repeated, except that. The results were as follows.
Appearance of lubricant - Extremely clear TAN - <0.1mgKOH/g
R-23-0.028% by weight

Example 18 - Stabilizer for a heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant and a lubricant. The lubricant has a viscosity of about 32 cSt at 40°C and a water content of 300 ppm or less. ISO 32 PVE (Lubricant c) The test of Example 15 is repeated, except that. The results were similar to those from Example 17.

Example 19 - Miscibility with POE Oil The miscibility of ISO POE-32 oil (having a viscosity of approximately 32 cSt at a temperature of 40° C.) was determined for R-410A refrigerant as well as in Table 1 of Example 1 above. For each of the refrigerants A1 and A3 shown, different weight ratios of lubricant to refrigerant and different temperatures are tested. The results of this test are reported in Table 11 below.

As can be seen from the table above, R-410A is immiscible with POE oil below approximately -22°C and therefore, unless measures are taken to overcome the accumulation of POE oil in the evaporator, R-410A It cannot be used for low temperature freezing applications. Additionally, R-410A is immiscible with POE oil above 50°C, which causes problems in condensers and delivery lines when using R-410A at high ambient conditions (e.g., separated POE oil becomes trapped and deposits). On the contrary, Applicants have surprisingly and unexpectedly found that the refrigerants of the present invention are completely miscible with POE oil over a temperature range of -40°C to 80°C and are therefore suitable for use in such systems. have been found to provide substantial and unexpected benefits when used in

The invention is further illustrated by the following numbered embodiments. The subject matter of the numbered embodiments may be further combined with one or more subject matter of the specification or claims.

Numbered embodiment 1. a refrigerant comprising from about 10% to about 75% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), a lubricant comprising a POE and/or PVE lubricant, and a stabilizer comprising an alkylated naphthalene. Heat transfer composition.

Numbered embodiment 2. The heat transfer according to number Embodiment 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the heat transfer composition in an amount from 1% to less than 10% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. Composition.

Numbered embodiment 3. The heat transfer composition according to No. Embodiment 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to less than 10%.

Numbered embodiment 4. The heat transfer composition of No. Embodiment 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to less than 8%.

Numbered embodiment 5. The heat transfer composition of No. Embodiment 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to less than 6%.

Numbered embodiment 6. The heat transfer composition of No. Embodiment 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to less than 5%.

Numbered embodiment 7. Any one of numbered embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is selected from AN1, or AN2, or AN3, or AN4, or AN5, or AN6, or AN7, or AN8, or AN9, or AN10. The heat transfer composition described in .

Numbered embodiment 8. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-7, wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN5.

Numbered embodiment 9. The heat transfer composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN5.

Numbered embodiment 10. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-7, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists of AN5.

Numbered embodiment 11. The heat transfer composition according to any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN10.

Numbered embodiment 12. The heat transfer composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN10.

Numbered embodiment 13. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-7, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists of AN10.

Numbered embodiment 14. The heat transfer composition according to any one of embodiments 1-13, wherein the stabilizer further comprises ADM.

Numbered embodiment 15. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-14, wherein the ADM comprises ADM4.

Numbered embodiment 16. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-15, wherein the ADM consists essentially of ADM4.

Numbered embodiment 17. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-15, wherein the ADM naphthalene consists of ADM4.

Numbered embodiment 18. The stabilizer is stabilizer 1, stabilizer 2, stabilizer 3, stabilizer 4, stabilizer 5, stabilizer 6, stabilizer 7, stabilizer 8, stabilizer 9. , stabilizer 10, stabilizer 11, stabilizer 12, stabilizer 13, stabilizer 14, stabilizer 15, stabilizer 16, stabilizer 17, stabilizer 18, stabilizer 19 , stabilizer 20.

Numbered embodiment 19. The heat transfer composition according to any one of embodiments 1-18, wherein the lubricant comprises POE.

Numbered embodiment 20. The heat transfer composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the lubricant consists essentially of POE.

Numbered embodiment 21. The heat transfer composition according to any one of embodiments 1-19, wherein the lubricant comprises POE.

Numbered embodiment 22. The heat transfer composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 21, wherein the lubricant comprises Lubricant 1.

Numbered embodiment 23. A heat transfer composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 21, wherein the lubricant consists essentially of Lubricant 1.

Numbered embodiment 24. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-21, wherein the lubricant consists of Lubricant 1.

Numbered embodiment 25. The heat transfer composition according to any one of embodiments 1-19, wherein the lubricant comprises PVE.

Numbered embodiment 26. The heat transfer composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the lubricant consists essentially of PVE.

Numbered embodiment 27. The heat transfer composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 21, wherein the lubricant comprises PVE.

Numbered embodiment 28. Numbered Embodiment 1, wherein the composition further comprises one or more components selected from the group consisting of dyes, solubilizers, compatibilizers, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, and antiwear additives. 28. The heat transfer composition according to any one of .

Numbered embodiment 29. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-28, wherein the stabilizer further comprises a phenolic compound.

Numbered embodiment 30. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-30, wherein the stabilizer further comprises a phosphorus compound.

Numbered embodiment 31. Numbered embodiments 1-6, and wherein the alkylated naphthalene is one or more of NA-LUBE KR-007A, KR-008, KR-009, KR-0105, KR-019, and KR-005FG. The heat transfer composition according to any one of 13 to 30.

Numbered embodiment 32. Any one of numbered embodiments 1-6 and 13-30, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is one or more of NA-LUBE KR-007A, KR-008, KR-009, and KR-005FG. The heat transfer composition described in .

Numbered embodiment 33. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-32, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is NA-LUBE KR-008.

Numbered embodiment 34. The stabilizers include 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-bis(2- 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol containing methyl-6-tert-butylphenol; derivatives of 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiol; 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert butylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-isopropylidenebis(2,6- di-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol); 2,2'-isobutylidenebis(4,6-dimethylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4- 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol: 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert -butylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-alpha-dimethylamino-p-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4 (N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis( 2-Methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); bis(3 -Methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl) sulfide; bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, tocopherol, hydroquinone, 2,2',6,6'-tetra The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 1-33, comprising a phenolic compound selected from -tert-butyl-4,4'-methylene diphenol, and t-butylhydroquinone.

Numbered embodiment 35. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 30-34, wherein the stabilizer comprises BHT.

Numbered embodiment 36. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 30-34, wherein the phenol consists essentially of BHT.

Numbered embodiment 37. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 30-34, wherein the phenol consists of BHT.

Numbered embodiment 38. The phenol is present in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001% to about 5%, preferably from 0.001% to about 2.5%, more preferably from 0.01% to about 1% by weight. The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 30-34, wherein the heat transfer composition is present in the heat transfer composition in an amount of %, and the weight percentage refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.

Numbered embodiment 39. the phenol in an amount greater than 0, preferably from 0.0001% to about 5%, preferably from 0.001% to about 4%, more preferably from 1% to about 4%; The heat transfer composition according to any one of numbered embodiments 30-34, wherein the heat transfer composition is present in the heat transfer composition, and the weight percentage refers to the weight of the heat transfer composition.
This specification includes the disclosure of the following inventions.
[1]
A heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, the refrigerant comprising about 5% to 100% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), and the lubricant comprising: a polyol ester (POE) lubricant and/or a polyvinylether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. and is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to less than 10% by weight.
[2]
The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant.
[3]
The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant.
[4]
4. The heat transfer composition of claim 3, wherein the stabilizer further comprises an acid depleting moiety (ADM).
[5]
the stabilizer comprises from about 40% to about 99.9% by weight alkylated naphthalene and from 0.05% to about 50% by weight ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer; 4. The heat transfer composition according to 4.
[6]
6. The stabilizer of claim 5, wherein the stabilizer comprises from about 40% to about 95% by weight alkylated naphthalene and from 1% to about 20% by weight ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. Heat transfer composition.
[7]
7. The heat transfer composition of claim 6, wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN5 and the ADM comprises ADM4.
[8]
8. The heat transfer composition of claim 7, wherein said alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN5 and said ADM consists essentially of ADM4.
[9]
9. The heat transfer composition of claim 8, wherein the stabilizer further comprises BHT.
[10]
A stabilized heat transfer composition comprising: from about 50% to about 99.9% by weight, based on the weight of (a) a lubricant selected from a POE lubricant and a PVE lubricant; and (b) a stabilizer. A stabilized heat transfer composition comprising: a stabilizer comprising a weight percent alkylated naphthalene.
[11]
11. The stabilized heat transfer composition of claim 10, wherein the lubricant comprises a neopentyl POE lubricant having a viscosity at 40° C. of about 30 cSt to about 70 cSt as measured according to ASTM D445.
[12]
12. The stabilized heat transfer composition of claim 11, wherein the stabilizer further comprises from 0.05% to about 50% by weight ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer.
[13]
13. The stabilized heat transfer composition of claim 12, wherein said alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN5 and said ADM consists essentially of ADM4.
[14]
14. The stabilized heat transfer composition of claim 13, wherein the stabilizer further comprises BHT.
[15]
13. The stabilized heat transfer composition of claim 12, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN10 and the ADM consists essentially of ADM4 and further comprises BHT.

Claims (15)

A heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant, a lubricant, and a stabilizer, wherein the refrigerant comprises 5 % to 100% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF ₃ I), and the lubricant comprises a polyol. ester (POE) lubricant and/or polyvinylether (PVE) lubricant, wherein the stabilizer comprises an alkylated naphthalene, and the alkylated naphthalene is based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. , present in said composition in an amount of 1% to less than 10% by weight. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1% to 8% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. The heat transfer composition of claim 1, wherein the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount of 1.5% to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant. . A heat transfer composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the stabilizer further comprises an acid depleting moiety (ADM). 4. The stabilizer comprises, by weight, 40% to 99.9% alkylated naphthalene and 0.05% to 50% ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. The heat transfer composition described in . Thermal according to claim 5, wherein the stabilizer comprises 40% to 95% by weight alkylated naphthalene and 1% to 20% by weight ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. Communication composition. A heat transfer composition according to any of claims 4 to 6, wherein the alkylated naphthalene comprises AN5 and the ADM comprises ADM4. 8. The heat transfer composition of claim 7, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN5 and the ADM consists essentially of ADM4. A heat transfer composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the stabilizer further comprises BHT. (i) the alkylated naphthalene is present in the composition in an amount from 1.5% to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the alkylated naphthalene and the lubricant; (ii) the stabilizer further comprises an acid depleting moiety (ADM), and (iii) the stabilizer comprises from 40% to 99.9% by weight alkylated naphthalene and 0.05% by weight, based on the weight of the stabilizer. % to 50 % by weight of ADM, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN5 and the ADM consists essentially of ADM4. 11. The heat transfer composition of claim 10, further comprising 0.05% to 50% ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. A heat transfer composition according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the lubricant comprises a neopentyl POE lubricant having a viscosity at 40° C. of 30 cSt to 70 cSt, measured according to ASTM D445. A heat transfer composition according to any of claims 10 to 12, wherein the stabilizer further comprises from 0.05% to 50% by weight of ADM, based on the weight of the stabilizer. A heat transfer composition according to any of claims 10 to 13, wherein the alkylated naphthalene consists essentially of AN5 and the ADM consists essentially of ADM4. A heat transfer composition according to any of claims 10 to 14, wherein the stabilizer further comprises BHT.