JP7553912B2 - A system for displaying daily time based on individual circadian rhythms - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a system for presenting daily time based on an individual's circadian rhythm.

Recent research in sleep science and chronobiology has revealed that each human being has their own circadian rhythm. "When a person sleeps" is a representative index of circadian rhythm. Humans have "times when it is easy to fall asleep" and "times when it is difficult to fall asleep." The circadian rhythm is accompanied by a fluctuation rhythm of the output of the arousal system nerves and the sleep maintenance system nerves, which determines the timing of sleep. It is known that this circadian rhythm changes significantly with age and that there are gender differences (Non-Patent Document 1), but little is known about the individual differences.

Although biomarkers such as deep body temperature can be used to determine the phase of the circadian rhythm, these are difficult to measure easily. On the other hand, in order to understand the circadian rhythm from the sleep-wake rhythm, it would be ideal to use the midpoint of sleep when one is free from the constraints of social life, living in a natural state, and with no sleep debt; however, this measurement requires a long holiday, and so it is also difficult to measure such a time directly.

A method using the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) is known as an existing index for determining an individual's circadian rhythm and related to the sleep-wake rhythm (Non-Patent Document 2). Using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, MSFsc (Sleep corrected Mid-Sleep on Free-days) is calculated as follows.
(1) MSW (Mid-Sleep on Workdays) indicates the midpoint of sleep time on weekdays.
(2) MSF (Mid-Sleep on Free-days) indicates the midpoint of sleep time on holidays.
Here, if there is an accumulation of sleep deprivation (sleep debt) on weekdays, the sleep period may be extended, which may cause the calculation to be delayed from the actual physiological time, so the MSFsc is calculated by adjusting for the sleep debt.
(3) Calculate the average weekly sleep time (SDweek). Multiply the number of work days by the sleep time (SDw) on those days, add the result of multiplying the number of days off by the sleep time (SDf) on those days, and divide by 7. This is SDweek.
SDweek = (SDw x number of working days + SDf x number of holidays) / 7
(4) When SDf > SDweek, it is assumed that there is “oversleeping” due to sleep debt, and MSFsc = MSF - (SDf - SDweek) / 2.
(5) When SDf≦SDweek, it is assumed that there is no effect of sleep debt, and MSFsc = MSF
Let us assume that.
However, MSFsc has some deficiencies as a method for estimating sleep-wake schedules, as described below.

FOSTER, Russell G.; ROENNEBERG, Till. Human responses to the geophysical daily, annual and lunar cycles. Current biology, 2008, 18.17: R784-R794. ROENNEBERG, Till; WIRZ-JUSTICE, Anna; MERROW, Martha. Life between clocks: daily temporal patterns of human chronotypes. Journal of biological rhythms, 2003, 18.1: 80-90.

As a result of the inventor's research, it was found that the phases of circadian rhythms and sleep-wake rhythms vary greatly from person to person and follow a normal distribution centered on the average value.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by providing a system for presenting daily schedules based on individual circadian rhythms using a new index related to sleep rhythms.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a system for presenting daily time based on circadian rhythms is provided, which includes an information processing device having a subjective midnight calculation unit that calculates subjective midnight, and based on an answer to a question based on a sleeping time zone or measurement data, the information processing device determines whether the time data included in the answer or measurement data includes time data that should be excluded, and if the time data to be excluded is not included, the information processing device calculates subjective midnight based on the sleeping time zone based on the time data included in the answer or measurement data, and if the time data to be excluded is included, the information processing device calculates subjective midnight based on the sleeping time zone based on the time data included in the answer or measurement data from which the time data to be excluded has been excluded.

The information processing device may set a flag when the answer or measurement data includes exception data, and the information processing device may calculate subjective midnight based on the sleep time period based on the time data included in the answer or measurement data that includes the exception data.

The information processing device may determine whether the time when the fewest people are asleep corresponding to the user's age is included within a range of an answer to a question based on the sleeping time period, and if it determines that the time when the fewest people are asleep is included in the answer, the information processing device may issue a warning.

The information processing device may perform tabulation using the responses or measurement data, calculate the time when the fewest people are asleep based on the responses, and update the time.

The information processing device may determine which condition an answer to a question corresponding to each of a plurality of calculation methods for calculating the required sleep time corresponds to, and calculate the required sleep time based on the calculation method corresponding to the condition corresponding to the answer.

A recommended wake-up time may be calculated by adding half the required sleep time to the subjective midnight, a recommended bedtime may be calculated by subtracting the required sleep time from the calculated recommended wake-up time, and a predetermined time may be added to the subjective midnight based on the sleep time zone to calculate a time at which it will be difficult to fall asleep.

The subjective midnight, the required sleep time, the recommended wake-up time, or the recommended bedtime may be used to subtract or add a predetermined reference value to calculate a recommended time to perform an action to promote sleep.

The information processing device may perform aggregation or regression analysis using the responses or measurement data to calculate the predetermined reference value.

The information processing device may calculate a first drowsiness time period during which drowsiness is likely to occur by adding a first reference value having a predetermined time range to subjective midnight based on the sleeping time period, calculate a second drowsiness time period by adding a second reference value having a time range in which strong drowsiness is likely to occur that is narrower than the first reference value to subjective midnight based on the sleeping time period, and calculate a third drowsiness time period during which drowsiness is likely to peak by adding a third reference value having a time range in which the second reference value is narrower than the second reference value to subjective midnight based on the sleeping time period.

The information processing device may provide a warning if it determines that the subject is experiencing sleep deprivation, insomnia, or excessive sleepiness based on the response or measurement data.

The information processing device may perform aggregation or regression analysis using the responses or measurement data to calculate and update the first reference value, the second reference value, and the third reference value.

The information processing device may calculate a predetermined time from the subjective midnight time as the recommended nap time period.

The information processing device may determine whether the activity time period is fixed to a general activity time period based on the response or the measurement data, and if the activity time period is fixed to the general activity time period, the information processing device may add a fourth reference value having a predetermined time range to the subjective midnight to calculate a first activity time period during which mental and physical performance is enhanced in the first half of the day, add a fifth reference value set to a later time within a predetermined time range from the fourth reference value to the subjective midnight to calculate a second activity time period during which mental and physical performance is enhanced in the second half of the day, and calculate the time period between the first activity time period and the second activity time period as a recommended rest time period.

If the activity time period is not fixed to the general activity time period, the information processing device may add a sixth reference value having a predetermined time range to the subjective midnight to calculate a recommended start time that enhances mental and physical performance.

The information processing device may add a seventh reference value having a predetermined time range to the subjective midnight to calculate a time period during which a high efficacy rate of the sedative hypnotic psychotropic drug is expected, add an eighth reference value set to a narrower time range within a predetermined time range from the seventh reference value to the subjective midnight to calculate a time period during which side effects are unlikely to occur, and calculate a first recommended time period based on the time period during which a high efficacy rate is expected and the time period during which side effects are unlikely to occur.

The information processing device may determine whether the sedative hypnotic psychotropic drug is an immediate release tablet, and if the sedative hypnotic psychotropic drug is not an immediate release tablet, the information processing device may determine whether the sedative hypnotic psychotropic drug is a delayed-acting formulation, and if the sedative hypnotic psychotropic drug is a delayed-acting formulation, the information processing device may calculate a second recommended time period by subtracting the time width until the blood concentration or brain concentration of the drug being taken reaches an effective range, or the time until drowsiness actually appears after taking the drug, from the first recommended time period, and if the sedative hypnotic psychotropic drug is not a delayed-acting formulation, the information processing device may calculate a second recommended time period by subtracting the time width until the blood concentration or brain concentration of the drug being taken reaches an effective range, or the time until drowsiness actually appears after taking the drug, from the first recommended time period.

The information processing device may determine whether the travel period to a region with a time difference is less than five days, and if the travel period is less than five days, the information processing device may determine whether the recommended wake-up time and the recommended bedtime before the travel are earlier than the wake-up time and the bedtime upon returning home, and if the recommended wake-up time and the recommended bedtime before the travel are earlier than the wake-up time and the bedtime upon returning home, the information processing device may provide advice that the lighting environment at the travel destination may be earlier than that at the departure location, and if the recommended wake-up time and the recommended bedtime before the travel are later than the wake-up time and the bedtime upon returning home, the information processing device may provide advice that the lighting environment at the travel destination may be later than that at the departure location.

The information processing device may calculate the start time of the desired activity as the meal time, calculate the start time of eating just before going to bed as the time when it is not recommended to eat, and set a certain fasting period during the period during which sleep is desired.

The information processing device may determine whether there is a large discrepancy between the recommended wake-up time and the recommended bedtime before the trip and the wake-up time and the bedtime at the destination, and if it determines that there is a large discrepancy, the information processing device may calculate a first sleepiness period by adding a first reference value having a predetermined time range to the subjective midnight, calculate a predetermined time from the start of the first sleepiness period as a recommended nap period, and add a predetermined time to the subjective midnight to calculate a time at which it will be difficult to fall asleep.

If it is determined that the deviation is small, the information processing device may calculate the acceptable bedtime and wake-up time to be within a range of ±2 hours from the recommended bedtime and wake-up time, respectively.

If the travel period is 5 days or more, the information processing device may inquire of the terminal as to whether or not to advance the cycle of the biological clock from 24 hours, and if it is determined that the cycle of the biological clock is selected to be advanced from 24 hours, the information processing device may calculate a recommended light irradiation time period based on the subjective midnight and the sunrise and sunset times at the departure location, and the information processing device may determine whether or not the actual sleep-wake time period has been advanced by subjective morning-type light irradiation, and if the sleep-wake time period has actually been advanced, the information processing device may determine whether or not the sleep-wake time period has been advanced sufficiently to a range that can accommodate the schedule of the destination, and the information processing device may recalculate the subjective midnight based on the advanced sleep-wake time period until the sleep-wake time period has been advanced sufficiently, and recalculate the recommended light irradiation time period based on the recalculated subjective midnight and the sunrise and sunset times at the departure location.

When it is determined that the cycle of the body clock has been selected to be delayed from 24 hours, the information processing device may calculate a recommended light exposure time period based on the subjective midnight and the sunrise and sunset times at the departure location in order to recommend shading from the subjective midnight to noon and exposure to light from sunset to subjective midnight based on the sleep time period, determine whether the actual sleep-wake time period has been pushed back, and if the sleep-wake time period has actually been pushed back, determine whether the sleep-wake time period has been pushed back sufficiently to a range that is compatible with the schedule of the destination, recalculate the subjective midnight based on the pushed back sleep-wake time period until the sleep-wake time period has been pushed back sufficiently, and recalculate the recommended light exposure time period based on the recalculated subjective midnight and the sunrise and sunset times at the departure location.

The information processing device may add a ninth reference value having a predetermined time range to the subjective midnight to calculate a first recommended eating time period in which the effect on weight gain is small and the rise in blood glucose level is relatively suppressed, and may add a tenth reference value having a time range later than the ninth reference value to the subjective midnight to calculate a first non-recommended eating time period in which eating tends to significantly increase weight and also to increase blood glucose level to a greater extent.

The information processing device may add an eleventh reference value having a predetermined time range to the subjective midnight to calculate a second recommended eating time period that minimizes the effect on weight gain and rarely causes excessive increases in blood glucose levels.

The information processing device may add a 12th reference value having a predetermined time range to the subjective midnight to calculate a third recommended eating time period, which is a time when eating has a relatively small effect on weight gain and blood glucose level increases.

The method of the present invention provides a system for presenting daily time based on an individual's circadian rhythm using a new index related to sleep rhythm.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a system 100 for presenting daily times based on a circadian rhythm according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an information processing apparatus 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating processing between an information processing device 110 and a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating an exception data removal process in the information processing apparatus 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a process of an information processing device 110 based on a method for reducing input errors according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an interface for preventing input errors according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an interface for preventing input errors according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the deviation of the wake-up time from SPB-SM+3.5 hours and productivity loss according to one embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows the effect of light on SPB-SM when light is irradiated for one hour at each time for two consecutive days in a person living without excessive light exposure at night and without excessive light deprivation in the morning, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the effect of one hour of light exposure based on absolute time on a sleep-wake schedule. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a process of calculating a required sleep time in the information processing device 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a process for calculating optimal wake-up and bedtimes in an information processing device 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a calculation process of an optimal recommended action time in the information processing device 110 according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an interface 305 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1A is a graph showing the percentage of people who feel sleepy during the day and the number of people who actually take naps over time versus absolute time (actual time), and FIG. 1B is a graph showing the percentage of people who feel sleepy during the day and the number of people who actually take naps over time versus relative time from SPB-SM. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an information processing apparatus 110A according to an embodiment of the present invention. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a process for calculating an optimal nap time in an information processing device 110A according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram showing an example of an interface 401 that presents a user with a peak in drowsiness, and FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram showing an example of an interface 403 that presents a recommended nap time period to the user. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the elapsed time from SPB-SM and the productivity loss rate (productivity loss). FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an information processing apparatus 110B according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a calculation process of an optimal activity time period in an information processing device 110B according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows the time elapsed since SPB-SM and the efficacy rate when a person with insomnia symptoms used a benzodiazepine receptor agonist. FIG. 1 shows the time elapsed since SPB-SM and the occurrence of side effects when a person with insomnia symptoms uses a benzodiazepine receptor agonist. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an information processing apparatus 110C according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a flow diagram for explaining a process for calculating an administration time of a sedative hypnotic psychotropic drug in an information processing device 110C according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a sleep diary when the lighting environment was kept as similar as possible to the departure location. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the measurement results of a sleep status/activity meter/light exposure monitor. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an information processing device 110D according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a process of presenting actions recommended before traveling based on individual circadian rhythms in an information processing device 110D according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an interface 501 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an interface 503 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a process for presenting actions recommended after travel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an interface 505 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a process of presenting a recommended behavior based on the difference between the recommended wake-up and bedtime calculated by an information processing device 110D according to an embodiment of the present invention and the time available for resting locally. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an interface 507 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1A is a flow diagram illustrating a method for presenting a recommended time when a user's travel period is five days or longer according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a flow diagram illustrating a method for presenting a recommended time when a user's travel period is five days or longer according to one embodiment of the present invention. A flow diagram explaining the process of presenting recommended actions after travel when the user's travel period is five days or more in one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a process for delaying the cycle of the biological clock from 24 hours and delaying the sleep-wake schedule according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 shows the results of an analysis of the effect of usual subjective meal times on weight fluctuations, where the correlation between meal times was adjusted using covariance structure analysis. FIG. 1 is a graph showing the difference in blood glucose level at the time of ingestion of 40 g of carbohydrate (e.g., rice ball) at any time during the day and the blood glucose level one hour later. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an information processing apparatus 110E according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a process for calculating an optimal eating time in an information processing device 110E according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an interface 601 according to an embodiment of the present invention. (a) is a graph showing the distribution of MSFsc in the general population aged 30-39 in Japan, and (b) is a graph showing the distribution of MSFsc in women aged 25-29.

The following describes the system for presenting daily times based on an individual's circadian rhythm according to the present invention with reference to the drawings. The system for presenting daily times based on an individual's circadian rhythm according to the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to the contents of the embodiments described below. In the drawings referred to in this embodiment, the same parts or parts having similar functions are given the same reference numerals, and repeated explanations will be omitted.

[Problems with MSFsc]
According to the present inventor's research, in Japanese women, MSFsc tended to advance with age: 4.90 hours for those aged 20-24, 4.62 hours for those aged 25-29, 4.58 hours for those aged 30-34, 4.20 hours for those aged 35-39, and 3.98 hours for those aged 40-44. These results support the conventional knowledge that the phase of the circadian rhythm differs depending on gender and age, as confirmed by the present inventor's research results.

In the general population of 30-39 year olds in Japan, the mean time of MSFsc was 4.48 am with a standard deviation of 1.59 am (Figure 44(a)). In addition, as shown in Figure 44(b), the mean time of MSFsc in 25-29 year old women was 4.63 am with a standard deviation of 1.27 am. In other words, although the overall variation includes age, sex, and individual factors, the difference due to individual factors is greater than the age difference of about 20 years or sex difference. Therefore, it is clear that the phase of the circadian rhythm and the sleep-wake rhythm differs greatly from person to person and is normally distributed around the mean value.

Here, MSFsc, one of the existing indicators of circadian rhythm, has the following technical defects (A) to (C).
(A) Although MSFsc is calculated as described above, if you have a sleep debt and go to bed late on weekdays, the calculation cannot be done accurately. For example, if you sleep 3 hours from 3:30 to 6:30 on weekdays and 10 hours from 0:00 to 10:00 on weekends, MSFsc is calculated as follows:
SDweek=(3×5+10×2)/7=5 hours
Since SDf>SDweek, MSFsc=5:00-(10-5)/2=2:30
However, even though the MSW and MSF at this time were both 5:00 and 5:00, the MSFsc was significantly different from both of these values, being 2:30, a strong morning value.
does not coincide at all with the lowest point of core body temperature.
(B) If a person is currently suffering from insomnia, that is, if for some reason they are having severe difficulty falling asleep or are waking up early in the morning, or if they have hypersomnia that causes pathological delays in waking, their most recent times of falling asleep and waking up do not necessarily reflect their sleep rhythm.
(C) Most people usually have some kind of schedule that affects their wake-up and bedtime even on holidays, or they have a family environment where they are woken up by family members, etc. For this reason, the premise that "the most recent holiday reflects a person's biological clock well" is unreasonable.
Therefore, MSFsc, which is calculated simply from the most recent sleep period, is an index that often does not accurately reflect circadian rhythms.

[A system for displaying daily time based on circadian rhythm]
The system for presenting daily time based on circadian rhythm according to one embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that it estimates the midpoint of a sleep period using a computer system or paper, and uses it as a reference for calculating various bodily events that occur depending on the phase of the internal clock or recommended activity times. In one embodiment, the system for presenting daily time based on individual circadian rhythm calculates "sleep phase based subjective midnight" (referred to as SPB-SM: Sleep Phase Based Subjective Midnight).

Other important indicators representing circadian rhythms include the diurnal variation of deep body temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, parasympathetic nerve activity (HF), and the ratio of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity (LF/HF), all of which subjectively decline at night. As a result of the inventor's investigation, it was revealed that the SPB-SM has nadir zones for deep body temperature, pulse rate, and blood pressure, and that measurements using multiple subjects revealed that the SPB-SM correlates more strongly with the nadir zones of deep body temperature, pulse rate, and blood pressure than the known indicator MSFsc, with the correlation coefficient and degree of agreement being high. In other words, the SPB-SM is an extremely reliable indicator of circadian rhythms in the body.

In this specification, it is also possible to define SBP-SM as a "time period" with a certain degree of range. In this case, the time period for which various actions are suggested based on the body clock will be presented as a distribution with a certain degree of range from a minimum value to a maximum value.

1 is a schematic diagram showing a system 100 (hereinafter, also referred to as the system 100) for presenting daily time based on an individual's circadian rhythm according to one embodiment of the present invention. The system 100 includes, for example, an information processing device 110. In this specification, the "information processing device" may be, for example, a personal computer (PC) 13, a mobile phone 15 including a smartphone, a tablet terminal 17, a wearable device 19, or other terminal that can be directly operated by a user, and a server 11, but is not limited to these, and may be any device that has an input device and a display device. In one embodiment, the server 11 may be used as the information processing device 110. As will be described later, the PC 13 may be used to input the answers written on the questionnaire 1. In addition, the sensor 2 may be used to transmit data to the information processing device 110 directly or via a terminal such as the PC 13. As the sensor 2, for example, a known sensor capable of monitoring a sleep state, such as a pulse meter, a heart rate meter, or a deep body thermometer, may be given. These sensors 2 may be placed directly on the user's body surface, or a sensor mat having one or more sensors may be used as a device to be attached to bedding. The information processing device 110 may be connected to a network 50. The network 50 refers to the so-called Internet, and is a communication network that can connect the information processing device 110 and terminals via wired communication or wireless communication. For example, the server 11 and one or more of the above-mentioned terminals may be connected via the network 50.

2 is a block diagram illustrating an information processing device 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The information processing device 110 includes, for example, a control unit 111, a storage unit 113, a communication unit 115, and a power supply 117, and may further include an output unit 119. The control unit 111 includes, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), an operating system (OS), an application program or module that controls the information processing device 110, and the like. The storage unit 113 includes an auxiliary storage device such as a hard disk or a solid state disk (SSD). The storage unit 113 stores a database 114 including the calculated SPB-SM. The communication unit 115 includes a network adapter, an on-board communication chip, and the like, and is capable of communicating with a terminal via a network 50. The power supply 117 is a power supply device that supplies power from an external source to each device of the information processing device 110, and is not particularly limited. The output unit 119 is a display device or a printer, and known devices can be arbitrarily arranged. Furthermore, the information processing device 110 may include various other electronic devices that known information processing devices include.

SPB-SM can be calculated from responses to the questionnaire 1 presented by the system 100, or from data obtained from a measurement device, such as a wearable device 19.

Figure 3 is a flow diagram explaining the processing of the information processing device 110 according to one embodiment of the present invention. In the following embodiments, an example is shown in which the server 11 is used as the information processing device 110, but the presenting system 100 of daily time based on circadian rhythm according to the present invention is not limited to this, and a terminal may be used as the information processing device 110, and the following processing may be performed by the terminal alone. In order to calculate SPB-SM, the information processing device 110 transmits a question to the terminal (S101). If the terminal is a terminal equipped with a display device and an input device such as the PC 13, the mobile phone 15, the tablet terminal 17, or the wearable device 19, the terminal displays the question received from the information processing device 110 on the display device and prompts the user to answer. In addition, if a printer is connected to the PC 13, the mobile phone 15, or the tablet terminal 17 by wired or wireless connection, the printer can print the question received from the information processing device 110 to create the questionnaire 1.

The user inputs the answer into the terminal (S103). The terminal transmits the input answer to the information processing device 110 via the network 50 (S105). If the user writes the answer on the questionnaire 1, the person who wrote the answer (such as a medical professional) may input the answer written on the questionnaire 1 into the terminal. If data is measured using a wearable device such as the sensor mat 2 or a wearable terminal such as the wearable device 19, the terminal or device transmits the measured data to the information processing device 110 via the network 50.

When the information processing device 110 receives the response or measurement data, the information processing device 110 verifies whether the received response or measurement data contains any exception data, and if exception data is contained, excludes the exception data from the received response or measurement data (S107).

The information processing device 110 calculates the SPB-SM based on the responses and measurement data excluding the exceptional data (S109). The information processing device 110 stores the calculated SPB-SM in the memory unit 113 (S111).

[Exclude Exception Data]
Here, if any of the following conditions (1) to (6) is met, the SPB-SM cannot be calculated from the sleep-wake rhythm. FIG. 4 is a flow diagram for explaining the process of excluding exceptional data in the information processing device 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The control unit 111 reads questions related to the conditions (1) to (6) stored in the storage unit 113, and transmits the questions from the communication unit 115 to a terminal such as the PC 13, the mobile phone 15, the tablet terminal 17, or the wearable device 19 via the network 50 (S201). When the questionnaire 1 is used, the questions related to the conditions (1) to (6) may be printed in advance. When the user inputs the answers to the questions into a terminal such as the PC 13, the mobile phone 15, the tablet terminal 17, or the wearable device 19, the communication unit 115 receives the answers to the questions displayed on the display device of the terminal, or data obtained from the measurement device, from the terminal (S203). When the user answers the questionnaire 1, the person who answered the questionnaire (such as a medical professional) may input the answers written on the questionnaire 1 into the terminal.

The system 100 includes a data exclusion unit 112a that excludes exceptional data that meets the conditions (1) to (6). The data exclusion unit 112a is configured with an application program or module that excludes exceptional data from answers to questions displayed on the questionnaire 1 or the display device of the terminal, or data obtained from a measurement device. The data exclusion unit 112a may be, for example, an application program or module that is stored in the memory unit 113 and executed by the control unit 111. The data exclusion unit 112a determines whether the obtained answers or measurement data meet the exceptional data of any of the conditions (1) to (6) (S205). If the obtained answers or measurement data do not meet the exceptional data, the data exclusion unit 112a passes the answers to the questions or the data obtained from the measurement device to the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b, and the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b calculates the SPB-SM (S213).

When a response indicating that the data corresponds to any of the exceptional data is received from the terminal, the data exclusion unit 112a judges whether or not it is necessary to exclude the exceptional data according to conditions (1) to (6) (S207). When it is judged that it is necessary to exclude the exceptional data, the data exclusion unit 112a excludes the response or measurement data as exceptional data from the obtained response or measurement data (S209).

Condition (1)
Since the phase of the human biological clock (particularly the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus) is controlled by light, if the light and dark environment is extremely different from the outside world, it causes external desynchronization (so-called jet lag) in which the time of the biological clock differs from the time of the outside world. For this reason, the system 100 receives a response as to whether or not the condition (1) is met, with the condition (1) being excessive shading in the morning (such as using shutters or shading curtains so that the room does not get bright at all even after sunrise, and spending a long time in the dark room during the day) or excessive light exposure at night (such as living or working under high illuminance light even late at night), and if it is met, the data exclusion unit 112a excludes it from the data used to calculate SPB-SM (S209).

However, if only data under conditions that meet condition (1) are available, such as when working shifts or working extremely early or late hours, or if the majority of the data is acquired under conditions that meet condition (1), the data exclusion unit 112a will also treat the data acquired under these conditions as data to be used in calculating SPB-SM. At this time, the data exclusion unit 112a may set a flag indicating that "this is a time that may differ from the natural body rhythm due to influences from the living environment and lighting environment" (S211).

Condition (2)
If the patient has a mental illness such as a sleep disorder or mood disorder (depression or bipolar disorder) that causes difficulty in falling asleep or excessive sleepiness, or a psychotic symptom (schizophrenia, etc.), and the symptoms are particularly severe, it becomes difficult for sleep and wakefulness to be maintained by the body clock, and it becomes difficult to grasp physiological sleep times due to difficulty in falling asleep and waking up in the middle of the night or early in the morning. Therefore, the system 100 receives as a response whether or not the patient meets condition (2), setting condition (2) as having a sleep disorder or mental illness that causes difficulty in falling asleep or excessive sleepiness that has not yet been remitted, and if so, the data exclusion unit 112a excludes the data from the data used to calculate SPB-SM (S209).

However, if there is no data for a period that does not meet condition (2), the data obtained under condition (2) is also treated as data to be used in calculating SPB-SM. At this time, the data exclusion unit 112a may set a flag indicating that "this is a time that may differ from the body's natural rhythm due to the influence of a sleep disorder or mental illness" (S211).

Condition (3)
In the case of non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder (non-24), in which the sleep-wake rhythm does not maintain a 24-hour circadian rhythm, the sleep-wake rhythm shifts at approximately 25 hours, and therefore the method of calculating SPB-SM according to the present invention cannot be applied. Therefore, the presence of a non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder is set as condition (3), and the system 100 receives as a response whether or not the condition (3) is met, and the data exclusion unit 112a excludes the data from the data used for calculating SPB-SM (S209).

Condition (4)
Immediately after travel from a region with a different time zone, the body clock is not synchronized with the local time due to jet lag. For this reason, the system 100 receives a response indicating whether or not condition (4) is met, with the condition (4) being that there has been recent travel between regions with different standard times, and the data exclusion unit 112a excludes the data from the data used to calculate SPB-SM (S209).

Condition (5)
If psychotropic drugs (stimulants, antidepressants) that have the effect of delaying sleep onset time or stimulants such as excessive caffeine are taken on the measurement day, the physiological sleep onset time cannot be obtained. For this reason, taking psychotropic drugs or excessive stimulants is set as condition (5), and the system 100 receives a response indicating whether or not condition (5) is met, and the data exclusion unit 112a excludes it from the data used to calculate SPB-SM (S209).

However, if there is no data for a period that does not meet condition (5), the data obtained under condition (5) is also treated as data to be used in calculating SPB-SM. At this time, the data exclusion unit 112a may set a flag indicating that "this is a time that may be different from the body's natural rhythm due to the influence of a substance with a stimulant effect" (S211).

Condition (6)
If psychotropic drugs that have the effect of hastening sleep onset time (hypnotics and sedatives, antidepressants, anxiolytics, antipsychotics) or excessive alcohol intake is present on the measurement day, the physiological sleep onset time cannot be obtained. For this reason, taking psychotropic drugs or excessive alcohol is set as condition (6), and the system 100 receives a response indicating whether or not condition (6) is met, and the data exclusion unit 112a excludes the data from the data used to calculate SPB-SM (S209).

However, if there is no data for a period that does not meet condition (6), the data obtained under condition (6) is also treated as data to be used in calculating SPB-SM. At this time, the data exclusion unit 112a may set a flag indicating that "this is a time that may be different from the body's natural rhythm due to the influence of a substance that has a sleep-inducing effect" (S211).

The data excluding the exception data may be passed from the data excluding unit 112a to the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b, or may be temporarily stored in the memory unit 113.

[Calculation method for SPB-SM]
The SPB-SM calculation unit 112b is configured with an application program or module that calculates the SPB-SM based on the data acquired from the data excluding unit 112a. The SPB-SM calculation unit 112b may be, for example, an application program or module that is stored in the memory unit 113 and executed by the control unit 111. The SPB-SM calculation unit 112b calculates the SPB-SM based on the data acquired from the data excluding unit 112a (S213). The memory unit 113 stores the calculated SPB-SM in the database 114 (S215).

[SPB-SM calculation method 1]
If, based on the responses to questionnaire 1 or data obtained from the measuring device, there is a period of two or more consecutive weeks without any events or social plans that would affect going to bed or waking up, and the person has had sufficient sleep during that period, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b calculates the median time of sleep hours after two weeks have passed, or the distribution or average time of the median times of sleep hours after two weeks have passed, as SPB-SM (S213).

[SPB-SM calculation method 2]
Although the phenomenon of "oversleeping" as a means of relieving sleep debt continues for two weeks, the effect is particularly strong during the first three days, and is significantly alleviated after the fourth day (Kitamura, Shingo, et al.
al. "Estimating individual optimal sleep duration and potential sleep debt." Scientific Reports 6 (2016): 35812.). For this reason, if there is a period of two or more consecutive weeks without any events or social plans that affect going to bed or getting up, and the period during which sufficient sleep is obtained during that period is less than two weeks, but there are four or more consecutive days off in which there are no social plans that affect going to bed or getting up recently, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b calculates the distribution or average time of the median time of the sleep time on the fourth day or the median time of the sleep time on the fourth day and thereafter as SPB-SM (S213).

[SPB-SM calculation method 3]
If there is no recent consecutive vacation of four or more days with no social plans that would affect going to bed or waking up, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b calculates the SPB-SM at the age at which the answer was obtained based on the answers to questionnaire 1 or data obtained from the measuring device, as far back as possible, including when the person was young or attending school, based on SPB-SM calculation method 1-1.

Alternatively, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b calculates the SPB-SM at the age at which the answer was obtained based on the answers to questionnaire 1, including when the person was young or attending school, or data obtained from a measuring device, based on SPB-SM calculation method 1-2.

In late adolescence, the phase of a person's biological clock and the median time of sleep tend to be most delayed (evening type), and then move forward (morning type) with age. Here, the inventor's research has revealed that individual differences, which are the deviations from the distribution of the average SPB-SM determined by a given age and gender, are maintained even after changes due to aging. In other words, the standard deviation score (Z score) at a given age against the average SPB-MS for that age does not change significantly with age.

Therefore, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b may convert the SPB-SM at that time calculated by SPB-SM calculation method 1-1 or SPB-SM calculation method 1-2 based on the most recent response to questionnaire 1 or data obtained from a measurement device into a standard deviation based on age and gender, and use this as the current SPB-SM calculated from the average SPB-SM based on age and gender at the current time (S213).

For example, if the most recent period that meets the above conditions is the one week consecutive vacation that occurred during the summer vacation from university when the woman was 20 years old and lives in Tokyo, Japan, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b calculates the SPB-SM for that period, converts it into a standard deviation, and calculates the current SPB-SM. If the time obtained from calculation method 1-2 for the SPB-SM of this woman at age 20 is 6.3 o'clock (6:18), this corresponds to a value that deviates from the average by one standard deviation (+1σ), so the standard deviation is 60. If this is applied to the age of 30, the SPB-SM will be 5.9 o'clock (5:54).

However, this SPB-SM average time differs depending on the region. Even within the same country, in regions located in the east, the average SPB-SM time is earlier due to the influence of earlier sunrises and sunsets, while in regions located in the west, the average SPB-SM time is later due to the influence of later sunrises and sunsets. For this reason, the deviation value may be calculated by region, and the information processing device can update the average time that is the basis for this calculation by accumulating data.

In addition, in the SPB-SM calculation method 1-3, multiple candidate times for SPB-SM may be obtained by answering sleep/wake times at multiple ages. In such cases, it is preferable to use the distribution or the average time as the SPB-SM.

[SPB-SM calculation method 4]
When the sleep time periods for each day are estimated using a mobile terminal equipped with an acceleration sensor or a device attached to the human body, clothing, or bedding (a wearable device 19 such as an actigram or smart watch, a mobile phone terminal 15, a sensor mat 2, etc.), or when measured values of pulse rate and heart rate, or measured or estimated values of deep body temperature are available, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b calculates SPB-SM using the following calculation method (S213).

If there is data indicating whether the day (wearing date) on which the user wore the wearable device 19 etc. was a day with plans (weekday etc.) or a holiday, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b can compare this data and calculate the SPB-SM using SPB-SM calculation method 1-1 or SPB-SM calculation method 1-2.

If there is no data to indicate whether the user had plans (such as a weekday) or a holiday on each day they wore the device, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b may use the average time of the midpoint of the sleep time during the obtainable period as the SPB-SM.

When the pulse rate and heart rate can be measured by the sensor 2, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b determines the time when the pulse rate and heart rate have the lowest value in the obtainable period as the SPB-SM. When there is a range in the time period when the pulse rate and heart rate have the lowest value, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b determines the midpoint time as the SPB-SM.

When the sensor 2 is able to measure the deep body temperature or its estimated value, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b determines the time when the deep body temperature is at its minimum during the period in which it can be acquired as the SPB-SM. When there is a range of time periods during which the minimum value occurs, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b determines the midpoint of that range as the SPB-SM.

[SPB-SM calculation method 5]
A plurality of SPB-SMs may be obtained by the above-mentioned SPB-SM calculation method 1-1, SPB-SM calculation method 1-2, SPB-SM calculation method 1-3, and SPB-SM calculation method 1-4. In this case, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b may determine the SPB-SM by any of the following methods (1) to (5) (S213).
(1) The SPB-SM calculation unit 112b determines the SPB-SM as a distribution of the range from the minimum value to the maximum value.
(2) The SPB-SM calculation unit 112b determines the average time of SPB-SM as SPB-SM.
(3) The SPB-SM calculation unit 112b determines the average (trimmed mean) excluding the time of the excluded data as the SPB-SM.
(4) The SPB-SM calculation unit 112b calculates the physiological wake-up time based on the user's personal biological clock using the method for calculating optimal wake-up and bedtime based on individual circadian rhythms described below from each SPB-SM, method (2), method (3), and the SFsc time, and prompts the user to answer at what time they tend to wake up naturally. If the user inputs an answer that a single time is suitable, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b determines the single answered time as the SPB-SM. On the other hand, if the user inputs an answer that multiple times are suitable, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b determines the average value of the multiple answered times as the SPB-SM.
(5) The SPB-SM calculation unit 112b calculates the "time at which daytime sleepiness occurs" from each SPB-SM, method (2), method (3), and the MSFsc time using a method for calculating sleepiness timing based on individual circadian rhythms, which will be described later, and prompts the user to indicate which time best matches the current situation. If the user inputs an answer that a single time is suitable, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b determines the single time as the SPB-SM. On the other hand, if the user inputs an answer that multiple times are suitable, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b determines the average value of the multiple times as the SPB-SM.

[SPB-SM calculation method 6]
If none of the data or results of the above-mentioned SPB-SM calculation method 1-1 to the above-mentioned SPB-SM calculation method 1-5 can be obtained, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b determines the SPB-SM by one or more of the following methods (S213). At this time, in order to indicate that this value is inaccurate, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b may set a flag indicating that it is a provisional value (S215).
(1) Let MSFsc be SPB-SM.
(2) The average time of the middle time of sleep during the measurement and response period is defined as SPB-SM.
(3) The midpoint of the sleep time on a holiday is defined as SPB-SM.
(4) The system 100 may display the options "Are you more of a morning person (a), (b) neither, (c) night person" on the terminal, and when (a) is selected, SPB-SM may be set to 2:30, when (b) is selected, SPB-SM may be set to 4:00, and when (c) is selected, SPB-SM may be set to 5:30. Note that the system administrator may change each of the specified times, but it is preferable that (a) be set to a range of 0:00 to 4:00, (b) to a range of 3:00 to 5:00, and (c) to a range of 4:00 to 8:00.
(5) The system 100 may display the options "If anything, are you (a) a very morning person, (b) a morning person, (c) neither, (d) an evening person, (e) a very evening person" on the terminal, and when (a) is selected, SPB-SM may be set to 2:00, when (b) is selected, SPB-SM may be set to 3:00, when (c) is selected, SPB-SM may be set to 4:00, when (d) is selected, SPB-SM may be set to 5:00, and when (e) is selected, SPB-SM may be set to 6:00. Note that the system administrator can change each of the specified times, but it is preferable that (a) and (b) are generally set to the range of 22:00 to 4:00, (c) to the range of 3:00 to 5:00, and (d) and (e) to the range of 4:00 to 10:00.

[SPB-SM calculation method 7]
The person answering the question (user) or the person having the person answer (medical worker, etc.) may specify which data should be given priority for calculating the biological clock index. The system 100 may present the person with the option of prioritizing "(a) no particular designation,""(b) natural body rhythm," or "(c) body rhythm in recent life." If no selection is made or no selection is made, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b selects data (a). The SPB-SM calculation unit 112b calculates data (a) to (c) using the following calculation method (S213).
(a) Calculate SPB-SM using SPB-SM calculation method 1-1 to SPB-SM calculation method 1-6.
(b) Circadian rhythms are determined by light. For this reason, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b instructs the user to input answers to be used in SPB-SM calculation methods 1-1 to 1-6 for periods when the user was exposed to morning sunlight in the morning and was not exposed to artificial light after sunset or was in an environment with very low illuminance.
(c) The SPB-SM calculation unit 112b prompts the user to input how recent a period of rhythm they wish to measure, and the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b requests the terminal to input the answers to be used in SPB-SM calculation methods 1-1 to 1-6 for that period.

The SPB-SM calculation unit 112b calculates the SPB-SM by any of the above means or a combination thereof, and the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b stores the calculated SPB-SM in the memory of the control unit 111 or in the database 114 of the storage unit 113 (S215). Note that in this embodiment, the data exclusion unit 112a and the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b are described as separate programs or modules, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b may include the data exclusion unit 112a, or the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b may perform the process of excluding exceptional data.

[How to reduce input errors]
In conventional systems or programs for measuring times related to going to bed and waking up that are similar to system 100 of an embodiment of the present invention, errors are frequent because when entering bedtimes and wake-up times into the system or program, the wake-up time, bedtime, or alarm time is not entered automatically from some device, but rather a human inputs the time into the system or program via an interface.

For example, even if a user goes to bed at 22:00 (10:00 p.m.), the interface may input that the user went to bed at 10:00 (10:00 a.m.). In addition, the user may try to input a time that does not exist (such as 30:00).

The inventor's research revealed that when using an input method that simply requires users to enter numerical values, approximately 5% of general adult participants (n=10,016) and approximately 6% of high school students (n=360) gave incorrect answers like those described above.

If an incorrect answer occurs, the correct sleep time period cannot be determined. Furthermore, if an alarm function is used, the system or program cannot be operated at the time the user originally intended. For this reason, in one embodiment, it is preferable that the system 100 is provided with a means for reducing input errors.

The inventor investigated the percentage of people in the general population who were asleep at that time (excluding naps and daytime siestas). As a result, the time when the fewest people were asleep in a proper sleep state was around 4 p.m. on weekdays and holidays for the entire population. However, this time differed depending on age group, with the times being 3 p.m. for those aged 9 or younger, 4 p.m. for those aged 10-14, 5 p.m. for those aged 15-24, 4.5 p.m. for those aged 25-34, 4 p.m. for those aged 35-44, 15.5 p.m. for those aged 45-54, 3 p.m. for those aged 55-64, and 2.5 p.m. for those aged 65 or older.

For this reason, if the age of the user who inputs the sleep time is known in advance, if the sleep time or the time period when the user plans to sleep (such as when using the alarm function) includes 15:00 for age 9 or younger, 16:00 for age 10-14, 17:00 for age 15-24, 16.5:00 for age 25-34, 16:00 for age 35-44, 15.5:00 for age 45-54, 15:00 for age 55-64, or 14.5:00 for age 65 or older, then the answer is highly likely to be incorrect. In addition, in the system 100, when an answer to a question displayed on the display device of the terminal or data obtained from the measuring device is received from the terminal and the data exclusion unit 112a judges the data to be appropriate, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b may perform tabulation or regression analysis using the data judged to be appropriate data to calculate the time that is likely to be an incorrect answer. Alternatively, when an answer to a question displayed on the display device of the terminal or data obtained from a measuring device is received from the terminal and the data excluding unit 112a judges it to be correct data, the memory unit 113 stores the data judged to be correct data, and the data excluding unit 112a periodically performs aggregation or regression analysis using the stored data to calculate the time when the answer is likely to be incorrect. The aggregation or regression analysis may be configured to be performed by the data excluding unit 112a, or the control unit 111 may be provided with an application program or module for performing the aggregation or regression analysis (aggregation or regression analysis unit).

In the system 100 according to this embodiment, when the data exclusion unit 112a inputs such a time, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b issues an alert (warning) to confirm whether the user will "really fall asleep at that time" and "really wake up at that time."

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram for explaining the processing of the information processing device 110 based on the input error reduction method according to one embodiment of the present invention. As explained in the above-mentioned embodiment, the control unit 111 reads the question stored in the memory unit 113, and transmits the question from the communication unit 115 to a terminal such as the PC 13, the mobile phone 15, the tablet terminal 17, or the wearable device 19 via the network 50 (S301). When the user inputs an answer to the question to a terminal such as the PC 13, the mobile phone 15, the tablet terminal 17, or the wearable device 19, the communication unit 115 receives the answer to the question displayed on the display device of the terminal or data obtained from the measuring device from the terminal (S303). Note that when the user answers the questionnaire 1, the person who has made the answerer (such as a medical professional) input the answer written on the questionnaire 1 into the terminal.

The data exclusion unit 112a judges whether the answer to the received question or the data obtained from the measuring device includes a time that is likely to be an incorrect answer as described above (S305). If the answer to the received question or the data obtained from the measuring device includes a time that is likely to be an incorrect answer, the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b issues an alert to confirm whether the user will "really fall asleep at that time" and "really wake up at that time" (S307).

In addition, if the age of the user who inputs the sleep time is not known in advance, and the answered sleeping time period or the planned sleeping time period includes any time between 3:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m., the data exclusion unit 112a and the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b may issue an alert to confirm whether the user will "really fall asleep at that time" or "really wake up at that time."

[Interface that prevents input errors]
As described above, when the bedtime or wake-up time is input as a number, there is a possibility that an erroneous input may occur. In one embodiment, in order to prevent the above-mentioned input error, the system 100 preferably displays an interface for preventing errors on a terminal such as the PC 13, the mobile phone 15, the tablet terminal 17, or the wearable device 19, and allows the user to input the bedtime or wake-up time. FIGS. 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams showing an interface for preventing input errors according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the system 100, an application program that cooperates with the information processing device 110 is installed on the terminal such as the PC 13, the mobile phone 15, the tablet terminal 17, or the wearable device 19. FIG. 6(a) is a schematic diagram showing an interface 301 having a circular indicator 310 provided by the application program. The interface 301 has a slider 311 for moving a selection button or icon 311a set as the bedtime on the circular indicator 310 and a selection button or icon 311b set as the wake-up time. The interface 301 also has, adjacent to the indicator 310, an icon/illustration 313a of a sun or the like that indicates day, and an icon/illustration 313b of a moon, stars or the like that indicates night.

Figure 6(b) is a schematic diagram showing an interface 303 in which a slider is moved on a linear indicator. The interface 303 with a linear indicator has a slider 331 that moves a selection button or icon 331a set as bedtime and a selection button or icon 331b set as wake-up time on the linear indicator 310. The interface 303 also has, adjacent to the indicator 330, an icon/illustration 333a such as a sun that indicates day, and an icon/illustration 333b such as a moon or stars that indicates night.

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing an interface 305 in which a slider is moved on a linear indicator. The interface 305 with a linear indicator has a slider 351 that moves a selection button or icon 351a set as bedtime and a selection button or icon 351b set as wake-up time on a linear indicator 350. The interface 305 also has an icon/illustration 353, such as a moon that represents night, adjacent to the indicator 350. The interface 305 has an icon/illustration 355, such as a star that indicates SPB-SM. The interface 305 may also present a "time when it is estimated that it is difficult to fall asleep (Sleep Forbidden Zone)" as a zone 357.

When the user directly inputs the time into the interface displayed on the terminal, the user can move the slider on interface 301 with a circular indicator, interface 303 with a linear indicator, or interface 305 with a linear indicator to input the bedtime and wake-up time into the terminal.

When using a method in which the selection is made by moving a slider on a linear indicator, the time may be centered around 3:00 a.m. to 4:00 a.m., which is the time when most of the population is asleep. Also, by making the display lighter for times before 3:00 p.m., which is rarely bedtime, and after 3:00 p.m. the following day, which is rarely wake-up time, the occurrence of erroneous input by users can be reduced.

In one embodiment, when entering sleep/wake times, whether using a circular indicator, a linear indicator, or input in text format, the initial values for bedtime are set to approximately midnight, which is the most common value, and for wake-up time to 7:00, which is the most common value, to further reduce input errors by the user.

[Method of calculating optimal wake-up and sleep times based on individual circadian rhythms]
As a result of the inventor's research, it has become clear that as the deviation of the actual wake-up time and bedtime from the "optimal wake-up time and bedtime" estimated from each individual's circadian rhythm increases, the mental and physical health (physical component summary and mental component summary in the QOL scale) and performance (labor productivity score, presenteeism score) decrease. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing that as the deviation of each individual's actual wake-up time from the "optimal wake-up time" calculated from the above-mentioned SPB-SM increases, productivity decreases. The time shown in FIG. 8 indicates the deviation of the wake-up time from SPB-SM + 3.5 hours, and the vertical axis indicates the percentage of productivity loss. The data shown in FIG. 8 is n=2905.

For humans, there are times during the day when it is easy to fall asleep and times when it is difficult to fall asleep. The times when it is difficult to fall asleep are called the "Sleep Forbidden Zone," and it is known that humans have difficulty falling asleep during certain times before going to bed, even though it is nighttime (LAVIE, Peretz. Ultrashort sleep-waking schedule. III.'Gates' and 'forbidden zones' for sleep. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 1986, 63.5: 414-425. References: STROGATZ, STEVEN H.; KRONAUER, Richard E.; CZEISLER, Charles A. Circadian pacemaker interferes with sleep onset at specific times each day: role in insomnia. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 1987, 253.1: R172-R178.). It is believed that the secretion of thyroid hormones is involved in the Sleep Forbidden Zone.

However, the only vague conclusion that the time that corresponds to the Sleep Forbidden Zone is "1 to 3 hours before habitual bedtime" has been reached, and the time varies across multiple studies, so it was not known what time it specifically corresponds to. Furthermore, for people who lead social lives, habitual bedtime itself fluctuates and varies, making it difficult to determine what time it is.

As a result of the inventor's research, it was revealed that the Forbidden Zone is weakly related to habitual bedtime on weekdays, while by using SPB-SM, the Forbidden Zone exists around 18 hours (6 hours before) SPB-SM. In one embodiment of the present invention, a method for calculating optimal wake-up and bedtime based on individual circadian rhythms uses the Forbidden Zone, which exists around 18 hours (6 hours before) SPB-SM, as a standard, thereby preventing time loss by trying to fall asleep at a time when it is expected that it would be difficult to fall asleep, or the induction of insomnia (psychophysiological insomnia) caused by difficulty falling asleep.

In addition, since humans control the central part of their biological clock with light, it is possible to operate the SPB-SM by controlling light. In this case, blue light of 420 nm to 480 nm is particularly involved in adjusting the biological clock with light. For example, see the following literature.
Newman, Lucy A., et al. "Melanopsin forms a functional short-wavelength photopigment." Biochemistry 42.44 (2003): 12734-12738.
Brainard, George C., et al. "Sensitivity of the human circadian system to short-wavelength (420-nm) light." Journal of biological rhythms 23.5 (2008): 379-386.
Berson DM, Dunn FA. et al. Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock. Science. 2002;295(5557):1070-3.
Dacey DM, Liao HW. et al. Melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in primate retina signal color and irradiance and project to the LGN. Nature.2005;433(7027):749-54.
Tu DC, Zhang D. et al. Physiologic diversity and development of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. Neuron. 2005;48(6):987-99.
Emanuel, Alan Joseph, and Michael Tri Hoang Do. "Melanopsin tristability for sustained and broadband phototransduction." Neuron 85.5 (2015): 1043-1055. http://www.cell.com/neuron/pdfExtended/S0896-6273(15)00100-2.
Pilorz, Violetta, et al. "Melanopsin Regulates Both Sleep-Promoting and Arousal-Promoting Responses to Light." PLoS Biol 14.6 (2016): e1002482. http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002482.

Figure 9 shows the effect of one hour of light exposure on the sleep-wake schedule. In Figure 9, we investigated the effect of light on the SPB-SM when light was exposed to one hour at each time for two consecutive days in subjects who were not exposed to excessive light at night and did not have excessive light deprivation in the morning. This survey was conducted in September, when sunrise is at 6:00 and sunset is around 18:00, and data on subjects who were exposed to excessive light at night and deprived of light in the morning and afternoon in their daily lives was excluded. Note that data on light exposure was not collected between 7:00 and 17:00, as the outside world is bright. Note that in Figure 9, p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA).

The human body clock advances when exposed to light from an earlier time than the actual SPB-SM. In addition, the human body clock moves backward when exposed to light from sunset until the SPB-SM. For this reason, the present invention has revealed what time exposure to light can manipulate the body clock, and this can be used to manipulate the body clock by suggesting when to use lighting, or by the system manipulating the lighting.

Humans recognize the "start of morning" when light exposure begins, the "continuation of day" when light exposure continues, and the "start of night" when darkness low enough to cause melatonin secretion (generally 50 lx or less, or roughly 10 lx or less for blue light) continues.

Here, we will discuss the effect of short-term light exposure on the adjustment of the biological clock, based on the peak value of melatonin concentration (KHALSA, Sat Bir S., et al. A phase response curve to single bright light pulses in human subjects. The Journal of physiology, 2003, 549.3: 945-952.
) is known. On the other hand, in this embodiment, light exposure was performed for each SPB-SM based on absolute time, and the results shown in Fig. 10 were obtained. Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the influence of one hour of light irradiation based on absolute time (solar noon time) on the sleep-wake schedule.

In other words, exposure to light earlier than the actual dawn advances the biological clock, while exposure to light earlier than SPB-SM retards the biological clock. The time period during which morning types (SPB-SM = 2:00-3:00) can advance their biological clocks through light exposure starts from around 3:00, while night types (SPB-SM = 4:00-5:00) can advance their biological clocks from around 5:00. In this way, the ease with which the biological clock can be advanced or retarded varies depending on the type of biological clock of each individual, and even if light is exposed at the same time, the effect on the biological clock is different. For this reason, for example, when working in shift work or moving to a time zone where there is a time difference, it is important to be able to choose whether to advance or retard the biological clock if the phase of the biological clock is to be shifted to match the activity time, and by adjusting the "starting time" and "time" of exposure to light according to the individual's biological clock, early adaptation to the activity time can be promoted.

Factors that do not directly affect the central clock (suprachiasmatic nucleus) of the biological clock but act on the peripheral clock and affect alertness and ease of falling asleep include diet, exercise, bathing, and ingestion of luxury items. Furthermore, a drug-based factor for synchronizing the biological clock is the ingestion of melatonin or a melatonin receptor agonist. In one embodiment, the system 100 can suggest the optimal time to implement factors that affect alertness and ease of falling asleep.

In addition, the inventor's research revealed that if a fasting period of 12 hours or more is set, the probability of falling asleep during that period increases from the next day onwards, and sleepiness also increases. This is thought to be because the body recognizes that period of time according to the internal clock as a period of rest.

Now, referring to FIG. 1, the system 100 further includes a recommended time calculation unit 112c in the control unit 111 in order to execute the optimal wake-up and bedtime calculation method according to one embodiment of the present invention. The recommended time calculation unit 112c is configured with an application program or module that calculates the optimal wake-up and bedtime for the user from answers to questions displayed on the questionnaire 1 or the display device of the terminal, or data obtained from a measuring device. The recommended time calculation unit 112c may be, for example, an application program or module that is stored in the memory unit 113 and executed by the control unit 111.

The optimal wake-up and bedtime based on an individual's circadian rhythm is calculated using the SPB-SM calculation method of the embodiment described above, and is calculated based on the user's own SPB-SM and required sleep time stored in database 114. Also, instead of SPB-SM, calculations may be based on the midpoint of the original physiological sleep period and the required sleep time obtained by other methods. The user's required sleep time can be calculated using the following method.

Figure 11 is a flow diagram illustrating the process of calculating the required sleep time in the information processing device 110 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The control unit 111 reads questions related to conditions (1) to (4) corresponding to the following required sleep time calculation methods 1 to 4 stored in the memory unit 113, and transmits the questions from the communication unit 115 via the network 50 to a terminal such as the PC 13, the mobile phone 15, the tablet terminal 17, or the wearable device 19 (S401). When using the questionnaire 1, the questions related to conditions (1) to (4) may be printed in advance.

When the user inputs an answer to a question into a terminal such as PC 13, mobile phone 15, tablet terminal 17, or wearable device 19, the communication unit 115 receives from the terminal the answer to the question displayed on the display device of the terminal, or data obtained from the measurement device (S403). Note that when the user answers Questionnaire 1, the person who has answered it (such as a medical professional) may input the answer written on Questionnaire 1 into the terminal.

The recommended time calculation unit 112c sequentially determines whether the received data satisfies conditions (1) to (4). That is, the recommended time calculation unit 112c determines whether the received data satisfies condition (1) (S405), and if the received data does not satisfy condition (1), determines whether the received data satisfies condition (2) (S407). Furthermore, if the received data does not satisfy condition (2), the recommended time calculation unit 112c determines whether the received data satisfies condition (3) (S409). If the received data does not satisfy condition (3), the recommended time calculation unit 112c determines that the received data satisfies condition (4).

The recommended time calculation unit 112c sequentially determines which of conditions (1) to (4) the received data corresponds to, and if it corresponds to any of conditions (1) to (3), determines the required sleep time based on the corresponding required sleep time determination method 1 to 3 (S411). The memory unit 113 stores the calculated SPB-SM in the database 114 (S417). Alternatively, it may be temporarily stored in the main memory device (memory) for calculation of the next recommended wake-up time and recommended bedtime.

[Method 1 for determining required sleep time]
The recommended time calculation unit 112c judges whether or not there is a sleep time after two weeks have passed (condition (1)) when the user continues to fall asleep naturally and wake up naturally without being forced to go to bed or wake up for two weeks or more in a natural light and dark environment due to an isolation experiment, hospitalization, etc. If it is judged that there is a sleep time after two weeks have passed, the recommended time calculation unit 112c determines that the sleep time after two weeks has passed as the required sleep time (S411).

[Method 2 for determining required sleep time]
If the received answer does not include a sleep time that satisfies condition (1), the recommended time calculation unit 112c judges whether or not there is a sleep time from two weeks after the elapse of a period in which there is no social plan that affects going to bed or getting up for two or more consecutive weeks (condition (2)) (S407). If it is determined that there is a sleep time from two weeks after the elapse of two weeks, the recommended time calculation unit 112c determines that the sleep time from two weeks after the elapse of two weeks is the required sleep time (S411).

[Method 3 for determining required sleep time]
If the received answer does not include a sleep time that meets the condition (2), the recommended time calculation unit 112c determines whether or not there is a sleep time from the fourth day onwards when the individual is free to go to bed and wake up for four or more consecutive days (condition (3)) (S409). If it is determined that there is a sleep time from the fourth day onwards, the recommended time calculation unit 112c sets the sleep time from the fourth day onwards as the required sleep time (S411). This is because although the phenomenon of "over-slept" as a means of relieving sleep debt continues for two weeks, the effect is particularly strong during the first three days, and is significantly alleviated from the fourth day onwards (Kitamura, Shingo, et al. "Estimating individual optimal sleep duration and potential sleep debt." Scientific reports 6 (2016): 35812.).

[Method 4 for determining required sleep time]
When the data of condition (3) is not obtained in the received response, the recommended time calculation unit 112c may determine the required sleep time to be a time obtained by any one of the following methods (i) to (iii) (S413).

Method (i)
The recommended time calculation unit 112c reads questions stored in the memory unit 113, such as "How long should I sleep to be able to be active during the day without feeling sleepy?", "How long should I sleep to be able to be in good physical condition during the day?", and "How long should I sleep if I had several days in a row with no plans for school or work?", and transmits the questions from the communication unit 115 via the network 50 to terminals such as the PC 13, the mobile phone 15, the tablet terminal 17, and the wearable device 19. When the questionnaire 1 is used, the questions regarding the conditions (1) to (4) may be printed in advance.

When the user inputs an answer to a question into a terminal such as PC 13, mobile phone 15, tablet terminal 17, or wearable device 19, the communication unit 115 receives from the terminal the answer to the question displayed on the display device of the terminal, or data obtained from the measuring device. If the user answers Questionnaire 1, the person who answered it (such as a medical professional) may input the answer written on Questionnaire 1 into the terminal. The recommended time calculation unit 112c determines the maximum value of the above times obtained from the received answers as the required sleep time (S413). However, at this time, the following two exception processes are performed.

Exception handling (i-1)
If the user is of working age and inputs a time of less than six hours from the terminal, the recommended time calculation unit 112c determines the required sleep time to be six hours (S413). This is because it is known that a sleep time of less than six hours significantly increases the mortality rate (AMAGAI, Yoko, et al. Sleep duration and mortality in Japan: the Jichi medical school cohort study. Journal of epidemiology, 2004, 14.4: 124-128.) and also significantly increases the risk of psychological problems, including suicide (GOODWIN, Renee D.; MARUSIC, Andrej. Association between short sleep and suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among adults in the general population. Sleep, 2008, 31.8: 1097-1101.).

Exception handling (i-2)
When a time of less than eight hours is input for children and adolescents, the recommended time calculation unit 112c determines the required sleep time to be eight hours (S413), because it is known that a sleep time of less than eight hours increases the suicide rate (LIU, Xianchen. Sleep and adolescent suicidal behavior. Sleep, 2004, 27.7: 1351-1358.).

At this time, the recommended time calculation unit 112c sets a flag indicating that the minimum amount of sleep necessary for good health is 8 hours and that this amount of sleep has been set as the amount of sleep (S415).

However, there are a few percent of the population who are "short sleepers" who do not feel sleepy or unwell even if they sleep less than six hours. The recommended time calculation unit 112c asks the user if they have always had a short sleep time, including in childhood. If the user inputs an answer that they have always had a short sleep time throughout their life, including childhood, the recommended time calculation unit 112c sets the input time as the required sleep time (S413). If the user answers that they have not always had a short sleep time throughout their life, the recommended time calculation unit 112c sets a flag indicating that the minimum sleep time necessary for health is six hours for working people and eight hours for children and adolescents, and sets the corresponding time as the required sleep time (S415).

Method (ii)
The recommended time calculation unit 112c reads the user's age data when the data is stored in the storage unit 113. When the user's age data does not exist, the recommended time calculation unit 112c transmits a request to the user to input his/her age to the terminal. When the user inputs his/her age to a terminal such as the PC 13, the mobile phone 15, the tablet terminal 17, or the wearable device 19, the communication unit 115 receives the user's age from the terminal. When the user answers the questionnaire 1, the person who made the user answer (such as a medical professional) may input the answer written in the questionnaire 1 to the terminal. Based on the received user's age, the recommended time calculation unit 112c determines the average sleep time for each age group indicated by existing research (ROFFWARG, Howard P.; MUZIO, Joseph N.; DEMENT, William C. Ontogenetic development of the human sleep-dream cycle. Science, 1966.) as the required sleep time (S413).

Method (iii)
The recommended time calculation unit 112c determines the required sleep time to be 7 hours, which is the minimum required sleep time for workers as indicated by an academic institution (HIRSHKOWITZ, Max, et al. National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary. Sleep Health, 2015, 1.1: 40-43.) (S413).

The user's required sleep time determined by any of the above processes may be stored in the memory unit 113 (S417).

[Method of calculating recommended wake-up time and recommended bedtime based on individual required sleep time]
The wake-up time that maximizes the mental and physical health, QOL, and performance of the individual, or minimizes accidents and incidents such as traffic accidents, is the time obtained by adding half of the individual's required sleep time to the SPB-SM, and the time period between that time and about 30 minutes before that time. FIG. 12 is a flow diagram explaining the calculation process of the optimal wake-up and bedtime in the information processing device 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The recommended time calculation unit 112c reads the user's SPB-SM and required sleep time stored in the storage unit 113 (S501). The recommended time calculation unit 112c calculates the time or time period obtained by adding half of the user's required sleep time to the user's SPB-SM as the "recommended wake-up time" (S503). For example, if the user's SPB-SM is 4:30 and the required sleep time is 8 hours, the user's recommended wake-up time is around 8:00 to 8:30. The recommended time calculation unit 112c stores the recommended wake-up time in the storage unit 113 (S509). The recommended wake-up time may be transmitted from the communication unit 115 to the terminal via the network 50 (S511), and the terminal may display the received recommended wake-up time.

The recommended time calculation unit 112c subtracts the user's required sleep time from the recommended wake-up time to calculate an optimal bedtime (S503). For example, in the above example, the user's SPB-SM is 4:30, the required sleep time is 8 hours, and the recommended wake-up time is approximately 8:00-8:30, so the recommended bedtime is approximately 0:00-0:30. The recommended time calculation unit 112c stores the recommended bedtime in the memory unit 113 (S509). The recommended bedtime may be transmitted from the communication unit 115 to the terminal via the network 50 (S511), and the terminal may display the received recommended bedtime.

As described above, the time 18 hours (6 hours before) SPB-SM is the Sleep Forbidden Zone, where it is difficult to fall asleep, and it is not recommended to go to bed at this time. Therefore, the recommended time calculation unit 112c calculates the Sleep Forbidden Zone as the "time when it is difficult to fall asleep" (S503). For example, in the above example, SPB-SM is 4:30, and the Sleep Forbidden Zone is calculated to be around 22:30. The recommended time calculation unit 112c stores the Sleep Forbidden Zone in the memory unit 113 (S509). The Sleep Forbidden Zone is transmitted from the communication unit 115 to the terminal via the network 50 (S511), and the terminal may display the received Sleep Forbidden Zone as a time when it is difficult to fall asleep. Also, for this reason, even if the user wants to go to bed early, the recommended bedtime is after this time.

[Method for presenting sleep-related behavior based on individual circadian rhythm]
As described above, even if the optimal wake-up and bedtimes based on the body clock are known, it may be difficult to live in society at those times. Therefore, it is important to know how to adjust the body clock based on the calculated recommended wake-up and bedtimes, and it is also important to inform people of the possibility of diseases.

In one embodiment, the system 100 can present the user with lifestyle habits for smoother sleep. For example, the relationship between sleep and bathing or exercise, which increase body temperature, is known (Oda Shiro, The effect of body temperature fluctuations before sleep on falling asleep (general), Lifelong Learning Research and Practice: Research Bulletin of the Lifelong Learning Institute, Hokkaido Asai Gakuen University, 2003, 4: 223-231.), and it is known that taking a bath about 2 to 6 hours before going to bed efficiently reduces the core body temperature at bedtime and promotes sleep onset. FIG. 13 is a flow diagram for explaining the calculation process of the optimal recommended action time in the information processing device 110 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The recommended time calculation unit 112c reads the user's recommended bedtime stored in the storage unit 113 (S601). The recommended time calculation unit 112c calculates 2 to 6 hours before the recommended bedtime as the recommended bath time to promote sleep (S603). The recommended time calculation unit 112c stores the recommended bathing time in the memory unit 113 (S609). The recommended bathing time is transmitted from the communication unit 115 to the terminal via the network 50 (S611), and the terminal may display the received recommended bathing time and recommend that the user take a bath.

It is also known that exercising at the end of a daytime high body temperature period (corresponding to 16 hours after SPB-SM) efficiently reduces core body temperature when going to bed, promotes sleep onset, and increases deep sleep. The recommended time calculation unit 112c reads the user's SPB-SM stored in the memory unit 113 (S601). Based on the user's SPB-SM, the recommended time calculation unit 112c calculates SPB-SM + around 16:00 as the recommended exercise time for improving sleep (S603). The recommended time calculation unit 112c stores the recommended exercise time in the memory unit 113 (S609). The recommended exercise time is transmitted from the communication unit 115 to the terminal via the network 50 (S611), and the terminal may display the received recommended exercise time and recommend exercise to the user.

When an application program that functions in the system 100 is installed on a terminal such as a PC 13, a mobile phone 15, or a tablet terminal 17, the terminal can detect the user's operation of the terminal. In one embodiment, when the system 100 detects that the user is operating the terminal even though the recommended bedtime has arrived, the system 100 may notify the user via the terminal that the recommended bedtime has arrived, encouraging the user to go to sleep.

In addition, exposure to light within two hours of going to bed significantly inhibits falling asleep. For this reason, an application program that functions in system 100 may be installed in a terminal with a light meter function. If the terminal detects light of 50 lx or more or blue wavelength light of 10 lx or more two hours or more before the recommended bedtime, system 100 can recommend to the user via the terminal that the environmental light be reduced.

Because humans control the central part of their biological clock through light, it is possible for them to operate the SPB-SM themselves by controlling light. Therefore, when a user wishes to move the time presented by the system 100 forward or backward, a message may be displayed on the terminal indicating that this is possible. For example, if a user wishes to move the SPB-SM forward, the system 100 may display on the terminal a recommendation to the user to actively expose themselves to morning light and avoid light at night. Conversely, if a user wishes to move the SPB-SM later, a message may be displayed on the terminal indicating that the user should avoid morning light and actively expose themselves to light at night.

These displays may be made, for example, by an interface 307 as shown in FIG. 14. The interface 307 has a circular indicator 370 on which a mark 371a indicating a recommended bedtime, a mark 371b indicating a recommended wake-up time, and a bar 371 indicating a recommended sleep time. The interface 307 also has, adjacent to the indicator 370, an icon/illustration 373a such as a sun that indicates day, and an icon/illustration 373b such as a moon or stars that indicate night. The system 100 can provide the user with various recommended times as a visually easy-to-understand display via the interface 307 of such a terminal.

It is preferable that each of the above-mentioned recommended times is continuously or periodically revised based on the results of the aggregation or regression analysis by the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b. In addition, the reference value that is subtracted or added to calculate each recommended time may also be updated by aggregation or regression analysis using data acquired from the user by the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b or the recommended time calculation unit 112c.

[Lighting control system]
In one embodiment, a lighting control system can be configured by connecting the system 100 for presenting daily time based on an individual's circadian rhythm to a lighting device. For example, the system 100 for presenting daily time based on an individual's circadian rhythm may lower the illuminance of the connected lighting, reduce the blue light component, or turn off the lighting.

As described above, humans control the central part of their biological clock through light, and therefore it is possible to manipulate the phase of the biological clock and the SPB-SM by controlling light. Therefore, if the user wishes to move forward or backward the time presented by the system 100 for presenting daily time based on an individual's circadian rhythm, the system 100 for presenting daily time based on an individual's circadian rhythm may display that it is possible to move the presented time forward or backward.

If the user wishes to advance the phase of their biological clock and SPB-SM, a message recommending "actively getting exposure to morning light and avoiding light at night" can be displayed. When the system 100 for presenting daily time based on individual circadian rhythm is connected to a lighting device, the system 100 for presenting daily time based on individual circadian rhythm can advance SPB-SM by starting to emit light with a high content of blue light components in the 420 nm to 480 nm range after SPB-SM.

If the user wishes to delay the phase of the body clock and SPB-SM, a message recommending "avoiding morning light and actively exposing yourself to light at night" can be displayed. When the system 100 for presenting daily time based on individual circadian rhythm is connected to a lighting device, the system 100 for presenting daily time based on individual circadian rhythm can delay the SPB-SM by irradiating light with a high content of blue light components in the range of 420 nm to 480 nm until the SPB-SM.

[Method for calculating sleepiness timing based on individual circadian rhythm and method for presenting optimal nap time]
When humans are unable to get an adequate amount of sleep, sleep debt accumulates, causing a decline in performance (VAN DONGEN, Hans, et al. The cumulative cost of additional wakefulness: dose-response effects on neurobehavioral functions and sleep physiology from chronic sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation. Sleep, 2003, 26.2: 117-126.). This decline in performance and sleepiness can be improved somewhat by taking a short nap of about 20 to 30 minutes (Hayashi Mitsuo; Hori Tadao. Short naps as a countermeasure against afternoon sleepiness. Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology, 2007, 25.1: 45-59.).

However, there is currently no technology to know the best time to take a nap. Some experts say that since sleepiness increases in the early afternoon (12:00-15:00), it is best to take a short nap after 12:00. Other recommendations include that taking a nap within 8 hours of going to bed, that is, on average, after 15:00, is undesirable because it prevents the accumulation of sufficient sleep-inducing substances (Uchiyama Makoto, et al. Guidelines for the Treatment and Management of Sleep Disorders. 2002.).

The inventor's research revealed that, looking at the overall population, many people become sleepy between 12 and 4 p.m., but this varies depending on the individual's circadian rhythm, and that when SPB-SM is used as a standard, it is possible to predict with great precision the time at which sleepiness will occur.

Figure 15 shows the trends in the percentage of people who feel sleepy during the day (the percentage of people who answered "I sometimes feel very sleepy at that time") and the number of people who actually take naps. Figure 15(a) shows the trends in the percentage of people who feel sleepy during the day and the number of people who actually take naps, relative to absolute time (real time). Figure 15(b) shows the trends in the percentage of people who feel sleepy during the day and the number of people who actually take naps, relative to relative time from SPB-SM. The "percentage of people who feel sleepy" in Figure 15(a) is in good agreement with the results of the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), a known objective method for measuring sleepiness (BIELIC, Toni; ZEC, Damir. Influence of Ship Technology and Work Organization on Fatigue. Pomorski zbornik, 2004, 42.1: 263-276.).

From the results in Figure 15(b), we can see that daytime sleepiness, performance decline, and naps are not based on the absolute time of the outside world, but on the individual's circadian rhythm, that there is a period of intense sleepiness from SPB-SM + 10.5 to 12 o'clock, with a peak around SPB-SM + 11.25 o'clock, and that sleepiness disappears rapidly after SPB-SM + 13 o'clock. In other words, by taking a short nap from around SPB-SM + 10 o'clock, excessive daytime sleepiness and performance decline can be suppressed. On the other hand, even if you try to take a nap after SPB-SM + 13 o'clock, it is difficult to fall asleep at that time in the first place, and it is difficult to take a nap. A system that predicts and visualizes the timing when a nap is recommended and the timing when sleepiness occurs is highly important in that it can improve work productivity and prevent accidents caused by drowsiness.

The timing of drowsiness and optimal nap time based on an individual's circadian rhythm can be calculated using the method for calculating the user's SPB-SM described above, and can be calculated using the following process based on the user's SPB-SM stored in the main memory device or database 114, or the intermediate time of the original physiological sleep period obtained by other methods (hereinafter, also referred to as SPB-SM for convenience), and displayed on the display device of the terminal.

16 is a block diagram illustrating an information processing device 110A according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the system 100 includes an information processing device 110A instead of the information processing device 110 in order to predict drowsiness timing based on an individual's circadian rhythm and present an optimal nap time. The information processing device 110A includes, for example, a control unit 111A, a memory unit 113A, a communication unit 115A, and a power source 117A, and may further include an output unit 119A. The basic configuration of the control unit 111A is the same as that of the control unit 111, but differs from the control unit 111 in that it includes a recommended time calculation unit 112Ac that presents an optimal nap time based on an individual's circadian rhythm and predicts drowsiness timing. The configurations of the memory unit 113A, the communication unit 115A, and the output unit 119A may be the same as those of the memory unit 113, the communication unit 115, and the output unit 119, respectively, and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted. Furthermore, the information processing device 110A may also include various other electronic devices that are included in known information processing devices.

The recommended time calculation unit 112Ac is configured with an application program or module that predicts drowsiness timing based on an individual's circadian rhythm and presents the optimal nap time. The recommended time calculation unit 112Ac may be, for example, an application program or module that is stored in the memory unit 113A and executed by the control unit 111A.

Figure 17 is a flow diagram explaining the calculation process of the optimal nap time in the information processing device 110A according to one embodiment of the present invention. The recommended time calculation unit 112Ac reads the user's SPB-SM stored in the database 114A of the storage unit 113A (S701). The recommended time calculation unit 112Ac adds a first reference value having a predetermined time range to the user's SPB-SM to calculate a first drowsiness time period during which drowsiness may occur, adds a second reference value having a time range narrower than the first reference value to the SPB-SM to calculate a second drowsiness time period during which strong drowsiness may occur, and adds a third reference value having a high possibility of being a peak of drowsiness in a time range narrower than the second reference value to the SPB-SM to calculate a third drowsiness time period. For example, the recommended time calculation unit 112Ac calculates SPB-SM+9 to 12 o'clock as the "time period during which drowsiness will occur", and in particular SPB-SM+10.5 to 12 o'clock as the "time period during which drowsiness is likely to occur", and SPB-SM+11.25 as the "peak of drowsiness" (S703). The recommended time calculation unit 112Ac stores the time periods during which drowsiness will occur in the memory unit 113A (S705).

The recommended time calculation unit 112Ac acquires data on the user's sleep status (S707). The data on the user's sleep status is acquired by receiving from the terminal an answer to a question displayed on the display device of the terminal or data acquired from a measuring device. The recommended time calculation unit 112Ac judges whether the user's sleep status is good or not based on the acquired data on the user's sleep status (S709). If the user's sleep status is good, the recommended time calculation unit 112Ac transmits the time when drowsiness occurs from the communication unit 115A to the terminal via the network 50 (S711), and the terminal may display the received time period when drowsiness occurs. Also, if the user is sleep deficient, insomnia, or hypersomnia, the recommended time calculation unit 112Ac transmits the time when drowsiness occurs from the communication unit 115A to the terminal via the network 50 and transmits a message urging the user to be careful about drowsiness (S713), and the terminal may display the received time period when drowsiness occurs and the message urging the user to be careful about drowsiness.

It is preferable that the above-mentioned "time periods when drowsiness may occur", "time periods when strong drowsiness may occur", and "peak of drowsiness (time periods when drowsiness is likely to peak)" are continuously or periodically revised based on the results of aggregation or regression analysis by the recommended time calculation unit 112Ac. Therefore, the respective reference values that are subtracted or added to calculate the "time periods when drowsiness may occur", "time periods when strong drowsiness may occur", and "peak of drowsiness" may also be updated by aggregation or regression analysis using data acquired from the user by the recommended time calculation unit 112Ac.

In one embodiment, these displays may be performed, for example, by an interface 401 of a terminal as shown in FIG. 18. FIG. 18(a) is a schematic diagram showing an example of an interface 401 that presents the drowsiness peak to the user. The interface 401 may have, for example, a title 411, a time display 413, an icon 415, a warning display 417, and an SPB-SM display 419. The title 411 may clearly indicate that the interface 401 presents the drowsiness peak to the user. The time display 413 and the icon 415 visually display the "time period when drowsiness occurs", the "time period when strong drowsiness is likely to occur", and the "peak of drowsiness" calculated by the recommended time calculation unit 112Ac by the number of icons 415 arranged on the time display 413. Note that the time display 413 and the icon 415 may be realized by other known display means such as a bar graph on a time axis. The warning display 417 may, for example, display the time period when drowsiness peaks to warn the user. Additionally, the SPB-SM display 419 displays the user's SPB-SM used to calculate the drowsiness peak. Note that the interface 401 may include other known displays to present the drowsiness peak to the user.

Furthermore, when working during "time periods when drowsiness occurs", the possibility of an accident occurring due to the user increases. For this reason, in one embodiment, when the above-mentioned time periods when drowsiness occurs are transmitted from the communication unit 115A to the terminal via the network 50, the time periods may be displayed on the terminal as "time periods when mistakes/incidents/accidents are likely to occur". Furthermore, if the user is a driver of a vehicle (train, bus, taxi, truck, etc.) or is engaged in dangerous work, advice to call attention such as "do not work during this time period or take extreme care" may be displayed on the terminal during the time periods when drowsiness occurs. Furthermore, during the time periods when drowsiness is at its peak, the recommended time calculation unit 112Ac may transmit advice such as "please take a break" to the terminal and display it.

In order to suppress drowsiness during the "time period when drowsiness occurs", it is desirable to take a nap in the first half of that time period. In one embodiment, the recommended time calculation unit 112Ac reads the user's SPB-SM described in the above embodiment from the storage unit 113A (S715). The recommended time calculation unit 112Ac calculates a predetermined time from the start of the above-mentioned "time period when drowsiness occurs" as the recommended time period for a nap. For example, the recommended time calculation unit 112Ac calculates SPB-SM + 9 to 11 a.m. as the recommended time period for a nap in case of feeling sleepy (S717). The recommended time calculation unit 112Ac transmits the recommended time period for a nap from the communication unit 115A via the network 50 to the terminal (S719), and the terminal may display the received recommended time period for a nap.

At this time, since taking a nap within 8 hours before going to bed is not recommended, in one embodiment, the recommended time calculation unit 112Ac may calculate the recommended bedtime minus 8:00 onwards as a time period during which taking a nap is not recommended (S717).

18B is a schematic diagram showing an example of an interface 403 that presents the user with a recommended nap time period. The interface 403 may have, for example, a title 431, a time display 433, an icon 435, a recommended time period display 437, and a non-recommended time period display 439. The title 431 may clearly indicate that the interface 403 presents the user with a recommended nap time period. The time display 433 and the icon 435 visually display the recommended nap time period calculated by the recommended time calculation unit 112Ac by the number of icons 435 arranged on the time display 433. Note that the time display 433 and the icon 435 may be realized by other known display means such as a bar graph on a time axis. The recommended time period display 437 may, for example, display a time period during which a nap is recommended, and recommend a nap to the user. Furthermore, the non-recommended time period display 439 presents the user with a time period during which a nap is not recommended. Furthermore, it may simultaneously display that a nap is desirable within 30 minutes. Additionally, interface 403 may include other known displays to inform the user of the time periods during which a nap is recommended.

As described above, drowsiness occurs from SPB-SM+9 to 12 o'clock, becomes stronger from SPB-SM+10.5 o'clock onwards, and reaches its peak towards SPB-SM+11 o'clock. In one embodiment, the interface 403 displays stars in the range of SPB-SM+9 to 12 o'clock when drowsiness occurs, and since it is desirable to take a nap before the peak of drowsiness, i.e., from SPB-SM+10 to 10.5 o'clock before drowsiness begins to feel strong, the number of stars may be increased to encourage the user to take a nap.

It is preferable that each of the above-mentioned recommended times is continuously or periodically revised based on the results of the aggregation or regression analysis by the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b. In addition, the reference value that is subtracted or added to calculate each recommended time may also be updated by aggregation or regression analysis using data acquired from the user by the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b or the recommended time calculation unit 112c.

[Method of presenting optimal work, school, business, study, and exercise times based on individual circadian rhythms]
In companies, in the case of a single shift, work generally starts at 9:00 and ends at 17:00 or around these times. On the other hand, in cases involving variable work systems or shift work, working hours are set with considerable variation from organization to organization. However, these are not set with any specific theoretical basis from the perspective of productivity and health maintenance, but are merely customary.

Recent research in sleep science and chronobiology has revealed that each individual has their own circadian rhythm, and that there are certain times during the day when the body and mind are in good health. For example, forcing young people, whose rhythms tend to be more nocturnal, to wake up early in the morning has a negative impact on their body and mind. For example, it has been shown that changing the start time of school to around 10:00 improves physical and mental health, reduces absenteeism, and improves performance (KELLEY, Paul, et al. Is 8: 30 am Still Too Early to Start School? A 10: 00 am School Start Time Improves Health and Performance of Students Aged 13-16. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2017, 11: 588.).

As a result of the inventor's research, it became clear that there is the following relationship between presenteeism, which indicates the degree to which an individual's true productivity has been reduced due to mental and physical disorders, and circadian rhythms.

Note that presenteeism also includes physical performance, and in one embodiment of the present invention, it can also predict performance in physical labor, training, and sports that involve physical strain.

Figure 19 shows the relationship between the time elapsed since SPB-SM and the productivity loss rate (productivity loss). As is clear from Figure 19, human productivity is lowest at SPB-SM + 0 hours. On the other hand, the time periods with high productivity are bimodally distributed, with productivity increasing during the time periods of SPB-SM + 6.5 to 8.5 hours and SPB-SM + 13 to 18.5 hours, and it can be seen that the time of day when productivity is highest is around SPB-SM + 17:00.

Using these findings, it is possible to present the optimal time for an individual to work, go to school, or engage in sports or athletics. It is also possible to present the time periods during which the individual is expected to be more efficient when working or studying. Furthermore, it is also possible to determine which time periods are preferable for the individual when they are put into shift work. If the length of time that an individual should work is determined in advance, it is possible to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) in FIG. 19 to calculate the integral of labor productivity according to the AUC of the working hours, and to derive efficient working hours.

The method of presenting optimal school/work/task times based on an individual's circadian rhythm can be calculated using the method of calculating the user's SPB-SM described above, and based on the individual's SPB-SM stored in the main memory device or database 114, or the intermediate time of the individual's natural physiological sleep time obtained by other methods (hereinafter, also referred to as SPB-SM for convenience), by the following process, and displayed on the display device of the terminal.

20 is a block diagram illustrating an information processing device 110B according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the system 100 includes an information processing device 110B instead of the information processing device 110 in order to present an optimal nap time and predict drowsiness timing based on an individual's circadian rhythm. The information processing device 110B includes, for example, a control unit 111B, a memory unit 113B, a communication unit 115B, and a power source 117B, and may further include an output unit 119B. The basic configuration of the control unit 111B is the same as that of the control unit 111, but differs from the control unit 111 in that it includes a recommended time calculation unit 112Bc that calculates optimal activity time periods for work, school, business, study, exercise, etc. based on an individual's circadian rhythm. The configurations of the memory unit 113B, communication unit 115B, and output unit 119B may be the same as those of the memory unit 113, communication unit 115, and output unit 119, respectively, and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted. Furthermore, the information processing device 110B may also include various electronic devices that are included in other known information processing devices.

The recommended time calculation unit 112Bc is configured with an application program or module that calculates optimal activity times for work, school, business, study, exercise, etc. based on an individual's circadian rhythm. The recommended time calculation unit 112Bc may be, for example, an application program or module that is stored in the memory unit 113B and executed by the control unit 111B.

FIG. 21 is a flow diagram for explaining the calculation process of the optimal activity time zone in the information processing device 110B according to one embodiment of the present invention. The recommended time calculation unit 112Bc reads the user's SPB-SM stored in the database 114B of the storage unit 113B and the user's activity conditions for calculating the optimal activity time zone (S801). The recommended time calculation unit 112Bc determines whether the user's activity time zone is fixed to an activity time zone involving a variable work system or shift work, and whether the activity time zone is under conditions different from the general activity time zone (S803). When the user is active during a general activity time zone, the recommended time calculation unit 112Bc adds a fourth reference value having a predetermined time range to the SPB-SM to calculate a first activity time zone in which mental and physical performance is enhanced in the first half of the day, and adds a fifth reference value set to a later time within a predetermined time range from the fourth reference value to the SPB-SM to calculate a second activity time zone in which mental and physical performance is enhanced in the second half of the day. For example, the recommended time calculation unit 112Bc calculates the time period SPB-SM+6.5 to 10:00 and the time period SPB-SM+12 to 18:00 as recommended activity time periods that are desirable for work, school, business, and study (S805). The recommended time calculation unit 112Bc stores the recommended activity time periods in the memory unit 113B (S807).

In addition, the recommended time calculation unit 112Bc calculates the time period between the first activity time period and the second activity time period as the recommended rest time period. For example, the recommended time calculation unit 112Bc calculates SPB-SM+10 to 12 o'clock as the "time period when it is desirable to take a rest" (recommended rest time period) (S808). The recommended time calculation unit 112Bc stores the recommended rest time period in the memory unit 113B (S811). The recommended time calculation unit 112Bc transmits the recommended activity time period and/or the recommended rest time period from the communication unit 115B to the terminal via the network 50 (S817), and the terminal may display the received recommended activity time period and/or recommended rest time period. If work is set to a time period that includes subjective midnight due to shift work, etc., the time period around SPB-SM can also be calculated as the "time period when it is desirable to take a rest" (recommended rest time period).

In one embodiment, when the length of working/study hours is fixed, the AUC (Area Under the Curve) is calculated to present the optimal start/end times. The recommended time calculation unit 112Bc calculates the recommended start time by adding a sixth reference value that enhances mental and physical performance having a predetermined time range to SPB-SM. For example, when the user's activity time period is a variable work system in which the working time period can be freely set and the commitment is scheduled for 8 hours, the productivity loss is most suppressed when the work period starts from SPB-SM + 6 to 13 o'clock, so the recommended time calculation unit 112Bc calculates SPB-SM + 6 to 13 o'clock as the recommended start time (S813). On the other hand, when the actual working hours are selected from a fixed time period with shift work, the AUC can be calculated to recommend which time period is more appropriate for working. The recommended time calculation unit 112Bc stores the recommended start time in the memory unit 113B (S815). The recommended time calculation unit 112Bc may transmit the recommended work start time from the communication unit 115B to the terminal via the network 50 (S817), and the terminal may display the received recommended work start time.

In one embodiment, the terminal may provide the user with a numerical value or an icon representing the level of performance estimated for each time period.

In one embodiment, the system not only returns the results to the individual, but may also output a list to the organization of which users (students or employees) are considered desirable to work, attend school, do business, study, or exercise at what times.

[Method of calculating the time of use of sedative-hypnotic psychotropic drugs based on individual circadian rhythm]
Sedative-hypnotic drugs, including hypnotic pills, are used to promote sleep onset, but their effectiveness is not certain, and they are known to cause side effects called paradoxical reactions, such as drunkenness-like reactions, disinhibition, abnormal behavior, and memory loss.

It is important to maximize the effectiveness of drugs, prevent side effects, and avoid wasting medical resources and overusing drugs by taking them at times when they are least effective.

As a result of the inventor's research, it became clear that there are times when sedative-hypnotic psychotropic drugs are more effective when taken, times when they are less effective and it is difficult to fall asleep, and times when they are more likely to cause side effects.

Furthermore, as a result of the inventor's investigation, it was found that the effectiveness rate (subjective improvement level and percentage of people who were able to fall asleep within 30 minutes of taking a benzodiazepine receptor agonist) of people with insomnia symptoms when they use a benzodiazepine receptor agonist clearly differs as follows, depending on the time from the starting point of SPB-SM calculated using the above-mentioned SPB-SM calculation method, as shown in Figure 22.

In other words, the effectiveness of sedative-hypnotic psychotropic drugs (the percentage of people who are able to fall asleep within 30 minutes of taking the drug) falls below 50% from about 4 hours after the user's SPB-SM (which usually corresponds to the morning) to about 18 hours after the user's SPB-SM (which usually corresponds to the night) (there is a period 10 to 11 hours after SPB-SM when it temporarily exceeds 50%).

Figure 23 shows the incidence of side effects (dizziness, lightheadedness, fatigue, hallucinations, abnormal sensations, carryover of drowsiness into the next day, nausea, etc.) when benzodiazepine receptor agonists were used by people with insomnia symptoms, as well as the number of cases of serious side effects such as paradoxical reactions (intoxication-like reactions caused by the use of benzodiazepine receptor agonists, disinhibition, abnormal behavior, memory loss, excitement, irritability, and personality changes).

The incidence of side effects was over 10% between approximately 2 hours and 17 hours after SPB-SM. In the first half of the period, side effects were mostly carryover drowsiness, while in the second half, autonomic nervous symptoms such as dizziness and nausea, and paradoxical reactions were common.

It was also clear that hypnotic and sedative psychotropic drugs other than benzodiazepine receptor agonists also had a similar pattern of effect to the above. In other words, when the timing of the onset of the hypnotic effect falls within the "Forbidden Zone" (which in the above-mentioned embodiment was shown to correspond to SPB-SM + around 18:00), it was thought that the hypnotic and sedative psychotropic drugs would not be effective and would instead be more likely to cause side effects.

This has revealed that there are times when it is recommended and times when it is not recommended to administer sedative-hypnotic psychotropic drugs, depending on the individual. Based on this knowledge, the system 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention displays whether or not it is recommended for the user to take a sleeping pill at any given time, and to what extent it is recommended.

The administration time of a sedative-hypnotic psychotropic drug based on an individual's circadian rhythm is calculated using the method for calculating the user's SPB-SM described above, and is calculated using the following process based on the individual's SPB-SM stored in the main memory device or database 114, or the intermediate time of the individual's natural physiological sleep period obtained by other methods (hereinafter, also referred to as SPB-SM for convenience), and can be displayed on the display device of the terminal.

24 is a block diagram illustrating an information processing device 110C according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the system 100 includes an information processing device 110C instead of the information processing device 110 in order to calculate the administration time of a sedative hypnotic psychotropic drug based on an individual's circadian rhythm. The information processing device 110C includes, for example, a control unit 111C, a memory unit 113C, a communication unit 115C, and a power source 117C, and may further include an output unit 119C. The basic configuration of the control unit 111C is the same as that of the control unit 111, but differs from the control unit 111 in that it includes a recommended time calculation unit 112Cc that calculates the administration time of a sedative hypnotic psychotropic drug based on an individual's circadian rhythm. The configurations of the memory unit 113C, the communication unit 115C, and the output unit 119C may be the same as those of the memory unit 113, the communication unit 115, and the output unit 119, respectively, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. Furthermore, the information processing device 110C may include various electronic devices that are included in other known information processing devices.

The recommended time calculation unit 112Cc is configured with an application program or module that calculates the administration time of a sedative hypnotic psychotropic drug based on an individual's circadian rhythm. The recommended time calculation unit 112Cc may be, for example, an application program or module that is stored in the memory unit 113C and executed by the control unit 111C.

Figure 25 is a flow diagram explaining the calculation process of the administration time of a sedative hypnotic psychotropic drug in an information processing device 110C according to one embodiment of the present invention. The recommended time calculation unit 112Cc reads information on the user's SPB-SM and the drug to be taken stored in the database 114C of the memory unit 113C (S901). Here, if drug information is not stored in the database 114C, the information processing device 110C may send a question regarding the drug to be taken to the terminal and receive the user's response from the terminal.

When the user is taking an immediate release tablet of a drug that acts on the GABA receptor, such as a benzodiazepine receptor agonist among sedative hypnotic psychotropic drugs, the recommended time calculation unit 112Cc calculates the time period from SPB-SM + 19:00 to SPB-SM + 27:00 (+3:00) as the time period in which a high efficacy rate is expected (high efficacy rate time period (seventh reference value)) (S903). In addition, the recommended time calculation unit 112Cc calculates the time period from SPB-SM + 18:00 to SPB-SM + 25:00 (+1:00) as the time period in which side effects are few (low side effect time period (eighth reference value)) (S907). The recommended time calculation unit 112Bc stores the low side effect time period in the storage unit 113B (S909). If the drug has a long duration of action, the end time of the low side effect time period may be shortened as appropriate to match the duration of action of the drug.

The recommended time calculation unit 112Cc integrates the high efficacy rate time period and the few side effect time period, and calculates the time period from SPB-SM + 19:00 to SPB-SM + 25:00 (+1:00) (however, this latter time is brought forward to prevent drowsiness from carrying over to the next day if the drug has a long half-life or other long duration of effect) as the time period when the drug is highly effective and has few side effects (first recommended time period). The recommended time calculation unit 112Cc determines whether the drug taken by the user is an immediate release drug that acts on the GABA receptor (S911). If the drug taken by the user is an immediate release drug that acts on the GABA receptor, the recommended time calculation unit 112Bc stores the recommended time period in the memory unit 113B (S919).

If the drug taken by the user is not an immediate release tablet of a drug acting on a GABA receptor, the recommended time calculation unit 112Cc judges whether the drug taken by the user is a delayed-acting preparation, a time-release preparation, or a similar drug that does not reach _Cmax immediately after taking, of a drug acting on a GABA receptor, such as a benzodiazepine receptor agonist among sedative hypnotic psychotropic drugs (S911). If the drug taken by the user is a delayed-acting preparation, a time-release preparation, or a similar drug that does not reach _Cmax immediately after taking, the recommended time calculation unit 112Cc subtracts the time width until the blood concentration or brain concentration of the drug taken reaches the effective range, or the time until drowsiness actually appears after taking the drug, from the recommended time period, and calculates it as a time period when the drug taken is highly effective and has few side effects (second recommended time period) (S915). The recommended time calculation unit 112Cc stores the recommended time slot in the storage unit 113B (S919).

If the drug taken by the user is not a delayed-acting preparation, that is, if the drug taken by the user is a drug that exerts a sedative-hypnotic effect by acting on a receptor other than the GABA receptor, such as an orexin receptor antagonist, an antagonist of serotonin receptor 2 or 3 (5-HT ₂ receptor or 5-HT ₃ receptor), or a histamine receptor antagonist, the recommended time calculation unit 112Cc subtracts the time width until the blood concentration or brain concentration of the drug taken reaches the effective range, or the time until drowsiness actually appears after taking the drug, from the recommended time period, and calculates it as a time period (third recommended time period) in which the drug is highly effective and has few side effects (S917). As an example, if the user is taking an orexin receptor antagonist, it is preferable that the recommended time period starts from SPB-SM + 18:00. The recommended time calculation unit 112Cc stores the recommended time period in the memory unit 113B (S919).

The recommended time calculation unit 112Cc may transmit the recommended time period from the communication unit 115C to the terminal via the network 50 (S921), and the terminal may display the received recommended time period.

[Method of calculating alcohol intake time based on individual circadian rhythm]
Alcohol also has the same pharmacological effects as the benzodiazepine receptor agonists, since the GABA _A receptor is the main site of action that produces acute psychoactive effects. In other words, the time when alcohol is likely to cause psychoactive reactions and intoxication reactions is the same as the survey results for benzodiazepine receptor agonists. Drowsiness caused by alcohol intake is likely to occur between SPB-SM + 19:00 and + 27:00 (+ 3:00). Intoxication reactions caused by alcohol intake are likely to occur between SPB-SM + 6:00 and + 9:00 and SPB-SM + 11:00 and + 18:00, and are particularly noticeable between SPB-SM + 14:00 and + 16:00.

When alcohol is consumed, the recommended time calculation unit 112Cc may determine that the time period from SPB-SM + 19:00 to SPB-SM + 27:00 (+3:00) is a time period during which alcohol consumption is likely to cause drowsiness, and display this on an interface such as a display. In addition, the recommended time calculation unit 112Cc may determine that the time period from SPB-SM + 11:00 to 18:00 is a time period during which alcohol consumption is likely to cause intoxication, and may display that the time period from SPB-SM + 14:00 to + 16:00 is particularly likely to cause drowsiness due to alcohol consumption.

[A method for suggesting actions before travel and during high-speed travel to prevent jet lag based on individual circadian rhythms]
If you travel to a country with a different time zone in a short time, you will experience what is called jet lag. Jet lag is caused by external desynchronization (a term in chronobiology and sleep science) between your body clock and the social time of the outside world, which occurs when you try to act according to the social schedule of the destination country, even though your body clock remains the same as in the departure country. Jet lag causes sleep-wake schedule disorders such as being unable to fall asleep at night or wake up in the morning of the local time, and feeling very sleepy during the day of the local time, as well as various physical and mental disorders and reduced performance due to external desynchronization of the body clocks of various organs.

As a result of the inventor's investigation, it appears that there are mainly two ways, depending on travel patterns, to prevent sleep problems and poor physical condition caused by jet lag and maintain performance.
1. Short-term travel (approximately 5 days or less) 2. Long-term travel (approximately 5 days or more)

1. In the case of short-term travel As a result of the inventor's experiments, it was revealed that if one tries to expose oneself to light in accordance with the sunrise and sunset time of the departure place, the rhythm of the body clock will be maintained at the time of the departure place for about five days. Figure 26 shows a sleep diary conducted by the inventor when the light environment was kept as similar as possible to that of the departure place. Also, Figure 27 shows the measurement results of the sleep status, activity meter, and light exposure monitor.

In this embodiment, the sleep/wake times, drowsiness times, and high performance times, which are determined according to the individual's biological clock as shown in the above embodiment, are maintained for 4 to 5 days after travel if the light environment of the departure point is maintained. Since a sudden change in the biological clock can cause discomfort and reduced performance due to external/internal dyssynchronization, if a short trip of approximately 5 days or less is planned, it is desirable to maintain the biological clock at the departure point. Otherwise, the individual will return to the departure point just as they are about to synchronize with the local time, which will have a significant negative impact on their physical and mental health and performance.

In one embodiment, the system 100 can present the times when an individual's biological clock determines when to sleep and wake up, when they feel sleepy, and when they perform well, so that the time can be utilized at the destination, and can also provide recommendations on behaviors while traveling at high speeds, such as on an airplane, and on behaviors after arriving at the destination.

2. In the case of long-term travel (approximately 5 days or more) When the stay period exceeds 5 days, the synchronization with the local time occurs significantly. In the example of FIG. 26, the synchronization with the local time occurs in the form of a delay in the sleep phase, but the synchronization does not necessarily occur by delaying. When traveling to a region with a large time zone difference, in the case of a person who is a strong morning type with SPB-SM < 1:30, the synchronization often occurs by advancing the sleep phase. In addition, there are also people who do not delay or advance, but rather temporarily fragment and fragment their sleep, becoming unstable, and then synchronizing with the local time. In any case, when traveling for a long time, the discomfort of jet lag can be alleviated by promptly synchronizing the body clock with the local time.

At this time, there are three ways to adjust your body clock:
a) Adjust to local time by shifting backwards; b) Adjust to local time by shifting forwards; c) Adjust to local time by temporarily desynchronizing and destabilizing completely, then resetting.

Which of these occurs naturally is determined by each individual's responsiveness to light, as well as their chronotype and the length of their internal clock's cycle (tau = τ), but by shining light on them at times that match an individual's internal clock, it is possible to create a regression or advance.

28 is a block diagram illustrating an information processing device 110D according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the system 100 includes an information processing device 110D instead of the information processing device 110 in order to present actions to be taken before traveling and during high-speed travel to prevent jet lag based on an individual's circadian rhythm. The information processing device 110D includes, for example, a control unit 111D, a memory unit 113D, a communication unit 115D, and a power source 117D, and may further include an output unit 119D. The basic configuration of the control unit 111D is the same as that of the control unit 111, but differs from the control unit 111 in that it includes a recommended time calculation unit 112Dc that calculates optimal wake-up and bedtime times based on an individual's circadian rhythm, presents optimal nap times, and predicts drowsiness timing, and that it includes a recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd that presents actions recommended before traveling and during high-speed travel to prevent jet lag based on an individual's circadian rhythm. The configurations of the storage unit 113D, the communication unit 115D, and the output unit 119D may be similar to those of the storage unit 113, the communication unit 115, and the output unit 119, respectively, and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted. Furthermore, the information processing device 110D may also include various electronic devices that are included in other known information processing devices.

The recommended time calculation unit 112Dc is composed of an application program or module that calculates the optimal wake-up and bedtime of the user from answers to questions displayed on the questionnaire 1 or the display device of the terminal, or data obtained from the measurement device, and an application program or module that predicts drowsiness timing based on an individual's circadian rhythm and presents the optimal nap time. The recommended time calculation unit 112Dc may be, for example, an application program or module that is stored in the memory unit 113D and executed by the control unit 111D. The recommended time calculation unit 112Dc can calculate the optimal wake-up and bedtime by a process similar to the calculation method of the optimal wake-up and bedtime shown in the above-mentioned embodiment. The recommended time calculation unit 112Dc can predict drowsiness timing and present the optimal nap time by a process similar to the prediction method of drowsiness timing based on an individual's circadian rhythm and the presentation method of the optimal nap time shown in the above-mentioned embodiment. For this reason, a detailed description of the recommended time calculation unit 112Dc is omitted. In one embodiment, when the system 100 includes the information processing device 110 and the information processing device 110A described above, the information processing device 110D may be configured to omit the recommended time calculation unit 112Dc.

The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd is configured with an application program or module that presents recommended behaviors before traveling and during high-speed travel to prevent jet lag based on an individual's circadian rhythm. The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd may be, for example, an application program or module that is stored in the memory unit 113D and executed by the control unit 111D.

Figure 29 is a flow diagram explaining the process of presenting recommended actions before traveling based on an individual's circadian rhythm in an information processing device 110D according to one embodiment of the present invention. Based on the user's SPB-SM and lifestyle pattern, the system can calculate optimal wake-up and bedtimes based on the individual's circadian rhythm, predict drowsiness timing, and present optimal nap times, thereby providing the user with information about the user's lifestyle before traveling.

The recommended time calculation unit 112Dc reads the user's SPB-SM, lifestyle pattern, travel period, and destination time zone information stored in the database 114D of the storage unit 113D (S1001). If the database 114D does not store the user's lifestyle pattern, travel period, and destination time zone information, the information processing device 110D may send questions about the lifestyle pattern, travel period, and destination time zone to the terminal and receive the user's answers from the terminal. The information processing device 110D may also prompt the user to answer the name of the destination country, or may display an interface showing a world map on a display device equipped with a touch panel to prompt the user to input the location information of the destination.

The recommended time calculation unit 112Dc calculates an optimal wake-up time based on the read SPB-SM and required sleep time of the user (S1103). The recommended time calculation unit 112Dc also subtracts the required sleep time of the user from the recommended wake-up time to calculate an optimal bedtime (S1105). Furthermore, based on the read SPB-SM of the user, it calculates a time period during which drowsiness occurs (S1107). The recommended time calculation unit 112Dc calculates a recommended time period for naps based on the read SPB-SM of the user (S1109). The recommended time calculation unit 112Dc stores each calculated recommended time in the memory unit 113D (S1111). The recommended time calculation unit 112Dc transmits each recommended time and meal time from the communication unit 115D via the network 50 to the terminal (S1113), and the terminal may display the recommended lifestyle pattern before the trip including each received recommended time and meal time.

In one embodiment, these displays may be made by, for example, an interface 501 of a terminal as shown in FIG. 30. The interface 501 has, for example, a circular indicator 510, and displays a sleeping time period 511, a light sleeping time period 512, a waking time period 513, a time period during which weak daytime drowsiness occurs 514, and a time period during which strong daytime drowsiness is likely to occur 515. The light sleeping time period 512 indicates the time period from the start of the time period during which drowsiness occurs to the start of the time during which strong drowsiness is likely to occur, as described in the above embodiment. The interface 501 also has an icon/illustration 517a, such as a sun, which indicates daytime, and an icon/illustration 517b, such as a moon or stars, which indicates night, adjacent to the indicator 510, and an icon/illustration 518 indicating meal times. The interface 501 may display a comment 519 to alert the user to drowsiness or recommend taking a nap.

The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd can also present the user with the recommended lifestyle pattern before the trip together with the time setting of the time zone after the trip. In one embodiment, this may be done, for example, by an interface 503 of a terminal as shown in FIG. 31. The interface 503 has, for example, a circular indicator 530, and applies to the time display of the destination the sleeping time period before the trip 531, the light sleeping time period before the trip 532, the awake time period before the trip 533, the time period during which weak daytime sleepiness occurs before the trip 534, and the time period during which strong daytime sleepiness is likely to occur before the trip 535. The interface 503 also has an icon/illustration 537a, such as the sun, which means day, and an icon/illustration 537b, such as the moon and stars, which means night, adjacent to the indicator 530, and an icon/illustration 538 indicating meal times. The interface 503 may display a comment 539 to alert the user to a decrease in performance or sleepiness. In this way, system 100 allows users to visually understand the differences between the user's optimal lifestyle patterns before and after traveling.

Figure 32 is a flow diagram explaining the presentation process of the behavior recommended after the trip according to one embodiment of the present invention. The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd reads the information on the user's SPB-SM, the recommended lifestyle pattern before the trip, the travel period, and the time zone of the travel destination stored in the database 114D of the storage unit 113D (S1201). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd judges whether the read travel period is less than 5 days (within 4 to 5 days) (S1203). In the case of a short trip of less than 5 days, it is important to adapt to the local area without displacing the user's biological clock at the departure point too much, and to maintain that state before returning home. For this reason, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd transmits advice to the terminal to maintain the recommended lifestyle pattern before the trip (phase of the biological clock at the departure point) and maintain performance (S1217). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd transmits advice to the terminal to create a lighting environment that mimics the departure point as much as possible (bright during the daytime at the departure point and dark during the nighttime). If the travel period read is 5 days or longer, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd performs the process shown in FIG. 36.

The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd transmits to the terminal a request for the user to input "the expected or desired sleep/activity schedule upon returning home." When the user inputs the "expected or desired sleep/activity schedule upon returning home" to a terminal such as the PC 13, mobile phone 105, tablet terminal 17, or wearable device 19, the communication unit 115D receives the expected or desired sleep/activity schedule upon returning home from the terminal (S1205). Note that the travel period and information on the time zone of the travel destination, and the expected or desired sleep/activity schedule upon returning home may be input to the terminal by the traveling user himself or by the service provider who configures the system 100. In addition, when the user answers a questionnaire (medical questionnaire 1), the person who has responded (the service provider) may input the answers written on the questionnaire to the terminal.

The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd judges whether the schedule at the time of return received from the terminal is earlier than the recommended lifestyle pattern before the trip (S1207). If the schedule at the time of return is earlier than the recommended lifestyle pattern based on the circadian rhythm before the trip, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd transmits to the terminal an advice that the light environment at the travel destination may be advanced (Advance) compared to that at the departure point (S1209). On the other hand, if the schedule at the time of return is later than the recommended lifestyle pattern based on the circadian rhythm before the trip, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd transmits to the terminal an advice that the light environment at the travel destination may be delayed (Delay) compared to that at the departure point (S1211). However, as described above, based on the results of the inventor's study on the effect of an individual's biological clock and the corresponding light irradiation on the sleep-wake schedule, even if the user wants to advance the schedule, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd transmits to the terminal an advice not to start light irradiation earlier than the user's SPB-SM (departure point time standard) (S1217). Furthermore, the information processing device 110D may be connected via the network 50 to lighting devices used by the user at the travel destination or while traveling (such as on an airplane), and may operate to automatically turn on, turn off, or dim the lighting at the appropriate times. As described above, a lighting control system can be configured by connecting the daily time presentation system 100 based on an individual's circadian rhythm to lighting devices. The light stimulus at this time may be continuous light or pulsed light (irradiation for a short period of time, either once or multiple times). At this time, only blue light of 420 nm to 480 nm, which affects the body clock, may be turned on, turned off, or dimmed.

It is known that eating a meal is an awakening stimulus in terms of the sleep-wake rhythm. In one embodiment, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd transmits advice to the terminal to eat a meal around the time when the user desires to be active and not eat immediately before going to bed (S1217). For this reason, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd calculates the time when the user desires to be active as the meal time, and calculates the time immediately before the user goes to bed as the time when eating is not recommended (S1213). The recommended time calculation unit 112Dc stores the calculated recommended meal time in the memory unit 113D (S1215). The recommended time calculation unit 112Dc transmits the recommended meal time from the communication unit 115D to the terminal via the network 50. In addition, since a fasting period of approximately 12 hours or more increases the probability of falling asleep during that time on the following days, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd transmits advice to the terminal to lengthen the interval between meals before and after the time period during which the user wishes to rest and sleep at the arrival destination, leaving a gap of 12 hours or more if possible (S1217).

In one embodiment, these displays may be made, for example, by an interface 505 of a terminal as shown in FIG. 33. The interface 505 has, for example, a circular indicator 550, and displays a pre-travel sleep time 551, a pre-travel light sleep time 552, a pre-travel wake time 553, a pre-travel daytime time 554 during which slight drowsiness occurs, and a pre-travel time 555 during which strong drowsiness is likely to occur, as applied to the time display at the destination. The interface 505 also has an icon/illustration 557a, such as a sun, which means day, and an icon/illustration 557b, such as a moon or a star, which means night, adjacent to the indicator 550, and an icon/illustration 558 indicating meal times. The interface 505 may display a comment 559 to alert the user to a decrease in performance or drowsiness. In this way, in the system 100, the user can visually understand the recommended life pattern after the trip based on the user's optimal life pattern before the trip and the recommended meal times described above.

In one embodiment, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd sends advice to the terminal that if the user ingests caffeine or other stimulants, they should ingest them in the first half of the time period in which the user wishes to be active, and not in the second half (S1217).

The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd may provide the user with the above-mentioned advice via the terminal even when the user is in an environment where he or she is moving at high speed (such as on a passenger plane) or is in the middle of the movement (such as staying at a stopover point). For example, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd may present the above-mentioned advice to the user or to a person providing the user with a travel or stay service (such as airline staff or hotel staff) so that the user maintains the status of the above-mentioned advice even while the user is moving. Specifically, advice on the advised lighting environment, the advised meal timing, and the advised timing to avoid stimulants such as caffeine may be presented to the user or the service provider.

In one embodiment, when the calculated recommended wake-up/bedtime (physiological sleep time period recommended according to the user's biological clock) deviates from the time when rest is possible in the local area (for example, when traveling between regions with a large time difference), the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd may advise the user to take a rest using a time period suitable for a nap according to the biological clock shown in the above embodiment. In addition, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd may also present the "time when it is estimated that it is difficult to fall asleep (Sleep Forbidden Zone)" shown in the above embodiment.

In addition, when the calculated recommended wake-up and bedtimes (physiological sleep times recommended according to the user's biological clock) largely overlap with the times when rest is possible at the local location (for example, when traveling between regions with little time difference, when a night owl travels in a westward direction, or when a morning person travels in an eastward direction), the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd may advise the user to wake up and wake up within ±2 hours of the recommended bedtime and wake-up time, respectively.In addition, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd may also present the "times when it is estimated that it is difficult to fall asleep (Sleep Forbidden Zone)" shown in the above-mentioned embodiment.

Figure 34 is a flow diagram explaining the process of presenting recommended behavior based on the difference between the recommended wake-up and bedtime (physiological sleep time periods recommended according to the user's biological clock) calculated by an information processing device 110D according to one embodiment of the present invention and the time available for resting at the local location. The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd reads the user's SPB-SM, recommended lifestyle pattern, and time zone information of the destination stored in the database 114D of the memory unit 113D (S1301).

The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd determines the deviation between the recommended life pattern and the schedule based on the time zone of the travel destination (S1303). If the deviation is large, for example, if the physiological sleep time based on the circadian rhythm does not overlap with the time period during which rest is possible at the destination, the deviation may be determined to be large. Specifically, if the natural sleep time is 0:00 to 8:00 in Japan, but rest can only be taken from 8:00 to 16:00 Japan time at a travel destination such as Europe, the setting may be such that the deviation is determined to be large. The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd calculates the recommended nap time period described in the above embodiment (S1305). In addition, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd calculates the Sleep Forbidden Zone (S1307). The recommended time calculation unit 112Dc stores the calculated recommended nap time period and Sleep Forbidden Zone in the storage unit 113D (S1309). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd may transmit the nap recommended time zone and the sleep forbidden zone from the communication unit 115D to the terminal via the network 50 (S1311), and the terminal may present the received nap recommended time zone and sleep forbidden zone to the user.

If the deviation is small, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd calculates the allowable bedtime and wake-up time to be ±2 hours from the recommended bedtime and wake-up time, respectively (S1315). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd also calculates the sleep forbidden zone (S1317). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd stores the calculated allowable bedtime, allowable wake-up time, and sleep forbidden zone in the memory unit 113D (S1309). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd transmits the allowable bedtime, allowable wake-up time, and sleep forbidden zone from the communication unit 115D via the network 50 to the terminal (S1311), and the terminal may present the received allowable bedtime, allowable wake-up time, and sleep forbidden zone to the user.

In one embodiment, these displays may be made, for example, by an interface 507 of a terminal as shown in FIG. 35. The interface 507 has, for example, a circular indicator 570, and displays a pre-travel sleep time 571, a pre-travel light sleep time 572, a pre-travel wake time 573, a pre-travel daytime time 574 during which slight drowsiness occurs, and a pre-travel time 575 during which strong drowsiness is likely to occur, as applied to the time display of the destination. The interface 507 also has an icon/illustration 577a, such as a sun, indicating daytime, and an icon/illustration 577b, such as a moon or stars, indicating night, adjacent to the indicator 570, and an icon/illustration 558 indicating meal times. The interface 505 may display a comment 579 to recommend sleep or to warn against taking naps. In this way, system 100 allows users to visually understand the lifestyle patterns that are recommended for them after traveling based on the difference between the calculated recommended wake-up and bedtimes (physiological sleep times recommended according to the user's biological clock) and the time available for rest at the local location.

In the process described in FIG. 32, if the user's travel period is five days or more, it is important to quickly synchronize the body clock with the activity schedule at the travel destination. For this reason, it is necessary to quickly adapt the body clock to the time at the travel destination and quickly recover performance.

Figure 36 (a) is a flow diagram explaining a method for presenting recommended times when the user's travel period is 5 days or more according to an embodiment of the present invention. Note that the connector A in Figure 36 (a) corresponds to the connector A shown in Figure 32. That is, the process S1401 in Figure 36 (a) shows the process when it is determined in the judgment S1203 in Figure 32 that the travel period is long, 5 days or more. The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd calculates the time when the user wants to be active as the meal time, and calculates the time immediately before the user goes to bed as the time when eating is not recommended (S1401). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd stores the calculated recommended meal time in the memory unit 113D (S1403). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd transmits the recommended meal time from the communication unit 115D to the terminal via the network 50. In addition, since the probability of falling asleep during the fasting period of approximately 12 hours or more increases during that period, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd transmits to the terminal an advice to lengthen the interval between meals before and after the period during which the person wishes to rest and sleep at the travel destination, leaving a gap of 12 hours or more if possible (S1405). Also, as described above, advice may be given to ingest caffeine and other stimulants, if any, in the first half of the period during which the person wishes to be active, and not in the second half.

When the user's chronotype or SPB-SM is unknown or simple measures are selected, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd may advise the user or service provider to mimic the lighting environment at the destination before departure and during travel. Figure 36(b) is a flow diagram illustrating a method for presenting recommended times when the user's travel period is approximately 5 days or longer according to one embodiment. Note that connector A in Figure 36(b) corresponds to connector A shown in Figure 32. That is, process S1411 in Figure 36(b) shows the process when it is determined in decision S1203 in Figure 32 that the travel period is long, 5 days or longer. For example, if a user in London is expected to travel to New York for five days or more, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd reads the sunrise and sunset times in New York (S1411), transmits the recommended times for exposure to light from the communication unit 115D to the terminal via the network 50, and advises the user to be exposed to light according to sunrise and sunset in the time of the destination before departure and also to be exposed to light according to sunrise and sunset in the time of the destination while traveling. The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd may also be connected to a lighting device via the network 50 and operate to automatically turn off or dim the lighting or blue light used by the user according to the lighting environment at the destination. As described above, a lighting control system can be configured by connecting the daily life time presentation system 100 based on individual circadian rhythms to lighting equipment.

In one embodiment, in the process described in FIG. 32, if the user's travel period is five days or more, it is preferable to synchronize the user's biological clock with the schedule at the destination more quickly according to the user's biological clock, and to minimize mental and physical disorders due to desynchronization. FIG. 37 is a flow diagram explaining the process of presenting recommended actions after travel when the user's travel period is five days or more according to one embodiment of the present invention. Note that connector A in FIG. 37 corresponds to connector A shown in FIG. 32. That is, process S1431 in FIG. 37 shows the process when it is determined in decision S1203 in FIG. 32 that the travel period is long, five days or more.

The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd allows the user or service provider to select via the terminal whether they wish to (A) advance the cycle of their biological clock from 24 hours and advance their sleep-wake schedule in order to adapt to the destination, or (B) delay the cycle of their biological clock from 24 hours and delay their sleep-wake schedule in order to adapt to the destination. The information processing device 110D may send questions regarding the lifestyle pattern, travel period, and time zone of the destination to the terminal, and receive the user's answers from the terminal. In addition, if the user's answers are stored in the database 114D of the storage unit 113D, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd may read the user's answers stored in the database 114D of the storage unit 113D (S1431).

(A) In order to adapt to the destination by advancing the cycle of the body clock more than 24 hours and advancing the sleep-wake schedule, this is recommended for those who are traveling in the eastbound direction and have a very short time difference, those who are morning people (SPB-SM is around 3:00 or earlier) traveling in the eastbound direction, those who are physically good at advancing their sleep-wake schedule, and those who prefer to sleep in the destination slightly earlier than the sleep schedule recommended by SPB-SM. Also, (B) in order to adapt to the destination by advancing the cycle of the body clock more than 24 hours and advancing the sleep-wake schedule, this is recommended for those traveling in the westbound direction and those who are night owls (SPB-SM is around 5:00 or later) traveling in the eastbound direction and have a large time difference, those who are physically good at delaying their sleep-wake schedule, and those who prefer to sleep in the destination slightly later than the sleep schedule recommended by SPB-SM. In one embodiment, the system 100 may display this on the terminal as a recommendation for pattern (A) or pattern (B), or may set that pattern as the default setting based on the information if the information is available.

The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd judges whether the user selected pattern (A) or pattern (B) in the read response. For example, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd judges whether the user selected pattern (A), that is, pattern (A), in the read response (S1433). If the user selects (A) to adapt to the local area by advancing the sleep-wake schedule, the phase of the body clock can be advanced quickly by being exposed to light at a time earlier than the sunrise time at the departure point and later than the SPB-SM, thereby enabling quick synchronization with the destination time. For this reason, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd reads the user's SPB-SM stored in the database 114D of the memory unit 113D, and also reads the sunrise time and sunset time at the departure point via the network 50 (S1435). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd calculates a light irradiation time period recommended for the user based on the read SPB-SM of the user and the sunrise and sunset times at the departure location (S1437). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd stores the calculated light irradiation time period in the storage unit 113D (S1439).

The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd transmits the light irradiation time period from the communication unit 115D to the terminal via the network 50 (S1441), and the terminal displays the light irradiation time period recommended to the user who received the information. For example, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd may transmit advice to the user or the service provider to "keep the user's environment bright before sunrise at the departure location, but after the time of SPB-SM has elapsed." At this time, the information processing device 110D may connect to the lighting device used by the user via the network 50 and operate to automatically turn on the lighting or blue light at a time earlier than sunrise at the departure location and later than SPB-SM. As described above, a lighting control system can be configured by connecting the presentation system 100 of the daily time based on the individual circadian rhythm to the lighting device. The light stimulus at this time may be continuous light or pulsed light (irradiation for a short period of time is performed once or multiple times).

Furthermore, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd judges whether the wake-up time (sleep-wake time zone) of the user has actually been advanced by subjective morning-type light irradiation (S1443). The wake-up time of the user after the light irradiation time zone is presented may be input by the user via the terminal, or the information processing device 110D may receive the detection by the wearable terminal or the alarm stop operation time of the mobile terminal via the network 50. If the user's sleep-wake time zone has not actually been advanced, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd transmits the same light irradiation time zone to the terminal and displays it (S1441). If the user's sleep-wake time zone has actually been advanced, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd judges whether the sleep-wake time zone has been advanced sufficiently to accommodate the schedule of the travel destination (S1445). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd recalculates the user's SPB-SM based on the advanced sleep-wake time zone, and recalculates the light irradiation time zone recommended for the user based on the recalculated SPB-SM of the user and the sunrise and sunset times at the departure point (S1447). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd stores the recalculated light irradiation time zone in the storage unit 113D (S1439). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd repeats steps S1439 to S1447 to advance the sleep-wake schedule, thereby enabling adaptation to the travel destination. For example, if adjustments are made 2 to 3 days or more before travel, if the sleep-wake time zone has actually advanced 2 to 3 days or more after the start of the adjustment, the timing of light irradiation can be advanced beyond the SPB-SM within the range of the advance.

In addition, exposure to light later than the sunset time at the departure location prevents the advancement of the phase of the biological clock, causing it to move backward. For this reason, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd may send advice to the user or the service provider to "avoid exposure to light after the sunset time at the departure location." At this time, the information processing device 110D may connect to the lighting device used by the user via the network 50 and operate to automatically turn off or dim the lighting or blue light at sunset at the departure location. As described above, a lighting control system can be configured by connecting the daily life time presentation system 100 based on individual circadian rhythms to lighting devices. Furthermore, shading in the afternoon (after noon) at the departure location promotes the advancement of the phase of the biological clock. For this reason, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd may send advice to the user or the service provider to "avoid exposure to light after the afternoon at the departure location." In addition, the information processing device 110D may connect to the lighting device used by the user via the network 50 and operate to automatically turn off or dim the lighting or blue light at that time. As described above, a lighting control system can be configured by connecting the daily time presentation system 100 based on an individual's circadian rhythm to lighting equipment.

Here, we will explain the processing in the case where (B) the user wishes to adapt to their destination by temporarily extending the cycle of the body clock beyond 24 hours and delaying the sleep-wake schedule. Figure 38 is a flow diagram explaining the processing in one embodiment of the present invention in which the cycle of the body clock is delayed from 24 hours and the sleep-wake schedule is delayed. Note that connector B in Figure 38 corresponds to connector B shown in Figure 37. That is, processing S1451 in Figure 38 shows the processing in the case where it is determined in decision S1433 in Figure 37 that the user has not advanced the body clock, i.e., has not selected pattern (A).

(B) If the user selects to adapt to the destination by temporarily extending the cycle of the body clock beyond 24 hours and delaying the sleep-wake schedule, the phase of the body clock is delayed by blocking light from SPB-SM to noon (morning) and shining light from sunset to SPB-SM (first half of the night). For this reason, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd reads the user's SPB-SM stored in the database 114D of the storage unit 113D, and also reads the sunrise and sunset times at the departure point via the network 50 (S1451). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd calculates the light irradiation time period recommended for the user based on the read SPB-SM of the user and the sunrise and sunset times at the departure point (S1453). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd stores the calculated light irradiation time period in the storage unit 113D (S1455).

The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd transmits the light irradiation time period from the communication unit 115D to the terminal via the network 50 (S1457), and the terminal displays the light irradiation time period recommended to the user who received the information. For example, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd advises the user or the service provider to block out light and turn on the light from SPB-SM to noon and from sunset to SPB-SM. At this time, the information processing device 110D may connect to the lighting device used by the user via the network 50 and operate to automatically turn on, turn off, or dim the lighting or blue light from SPB-SM to noon and from sunset to SPB-SM. As described above, a lighting control system can be configured by connecting the daily life time presentation system 100 based on individual circadian rhythms to lighting devices.

Furthermore, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd judges whether the user's wake-up time (sleep-wake time zone) has actually been pushed back (S1459). The user may input the wake-up time of the user after the light irradiation time zone has been presented via the terminal, or the information processing device 110D may receive the detection by the wearable terminal or the alarm stop operation time of the mobile terminal via the network 50. If the user's sleep-wake time zone has not actually been pushed back, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd transmits the same light irradiation time zone to the terminal and displays it (S1457). Furthermore, if the user's sleep-wake time zone has actually been pushed back, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd judges whether the sleep-wake time zone has been pushed back sufficiently to a range that can be accommodated in the schedule of the travel destination (S1461). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd recalculates the user's SPB-SM based on the pushed-back sleep-wake time zone, and recalculates the light irradiation time zone recommended to the user based on the recalculated SPB-SM of the user and the sunrise time and sunset time of the departure place (S1463). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd stores the recalculated light irradiation time period in the memory unit 113D (S1455). The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Dd repeats steps S1455 to S1463 to retard the sleep-wake schedule, thereby enabling adaptation to the travel destination. For example, if adjustments are made 2-3 days or more before travel, and the sleep-wake time period has actually been retarded 2-3 days or more after the start of the adjustment, the timing of light irradiation can be retarded beyond SPB-SM within the amount of the retardation.

[Method of suggesting optimal meal times for preventing obesity and hyperglycemia based on individual circadian rhythm]
Obesity and metabolic syndrome cause high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, as well as diabetes, myocardial infarction, and cerebral infarction, which are serious public health problems. On the other hand, it is known that there are circadian rhythms in fat cells, adipose tissue, insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance. For example, it is known that fat cells have a higher synthetic ability and a lower insulin secretion ability at night, and conversely, fat cells are less active and have a higher insulin secretion ability in the morning. Furthermore, it is known that disturbances in the wake-wake rhythm can lead to obesity and impaired glucose tolerance. For example, see the following literature:
GIMBLE, Jeffrey M., et al. Circadian rhythms in adipose tissue: an update. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 2011, 14.6: 554-561.
KIEHN, Jana‐Thabea, et al. Circadian rhythms in adipose tissue physiology. Comprehensive Physiology, 2011, 7.2: 383–427.
BODEN, Guenther, et al. Evidence for a circadian rhythm of insulin secretion. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology And Metabolism, 1996, 271.2: E246-E252.
Shi, SQ, Ansari, TS, McGuinness, OP, Wasserman, DH, & Johnson, CH (2013). Circadian disruption leads to insulin resistance and obesity. Current
biology: CB, 23(5), 372-81.
ROENNEBERG, Till, et al. Social jetlag and obesity. Current Biology, 2012, 22.10: 939-943.

On the other hand, existing research has shown that, roughly speaking, "eating early in the day, such as in the morning, makes you less likely to become obese," and "eating late in the day, such as in the evening, makes you more likely to become obese," but it was not at all clear what specific times these were, or the extent to which individual differences existed.

By investigating circadian rhythms and the resulting changes in body weight according to meal times in a cohort study, the inventors clarified that different individuals have different meal times that are likely to lead to changes in body weight and increases or decreases in body fat mass.

In addition, by having individuals with different subjective midnight times consume a fixed amount of carbohydrates and measuring the fluctuations in their blood glucose levels, the researchers found that there are times when blood glucose levels are less likely to rise and times when they are more likely to rise depending on the individual.

Figure 39 shows the results of an analysis of the effect of usual subjective meal times on weight fluctuations, where correlations between meal times were adjusted using covariance structure analysis. In Figure 39, standardized coefficient values adjusted for correlations between various variables using covariance structure analysis are plotted. In this covariance structure analysis, the square of the multiple correlation coefficient (R square) of weight gain values was 14%, significantly higher than the 7% when absolute time was used as the standard, making it clear that the effect of meal time on weight gain is important not in terms of absolute time but in terms of relative time.

Also, Figure 40 shows the difference between blood glucose levels at the time of ingestion of 40 g of carbohydrates (rice balls, etc.) at any time during the day and blood glucose levels one hour later (the horizontal axis shows the relative time of ingestion). In Figure 40, when the analysis was done using absolute time, no significant difference (p < 0.05) was found, but when the analysis was done using relative time based on subjective midnight, a significant difference was found.

As described above, it has become clear that obesity, weight gain, increased body fat mass, and hyperglycemia are strongly influenced by "when a person eats meals in relation to their biological clock." Furthermore, the inventor's research has revealed that irregular meal times (variation in meal times throughout the day, standard deviation of time) also cause obesity, weight gain, increased body fat mass, and hyperglycemia. In one embodiment, a method is provided that suggests optimal meal times to prevent or improve obesity, hyperglycemia, weight gain, and increased body fat mass.

It is also known that social jet lag (the difference between sleep times on weekdays and weekends) can cause obesity and hyperglycemia (ROENNEBERG, Till, et al. Social jetlag and obesity. Current Biology, 2012, 22.10: 939-943.). Furthermore, the inventor's research has revealed that having a sleep-wake schedule that deviates from a person's natural biological rhythm can also lead to weight gain and the risk of developing diabetes. Therefore, in one embodiment, the system 100 for presenting daily time based on an individual's circadian rhythm also provides advice regarding sleep times.

Figure 41 is a block diagram illustrating an information processing device 110E according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the system 100 includes an information processing device 110E instead of the information processing device 110 in order to present the optimal eating time for preventing obesity and hyperglycemia based on an individual's circadian rhythm. The information processing device 110E includes, for example, a control unit 111E, a memory unit 113E, a communication unit 115E, and a power source 117E, and may further include an output unit 119E. The basic configuration of the control unit 111E is the same as that of the control unit 111, but differs from the control unit 111 in that it includes a recommended time calculation unit 112Ec that presents the optimal eating time for preventing obesity and hyperglycemia based on an individual's circadian rhythm, and a recommended behavior presentation unit 112Ed that presents the optimal eating time for preventing obesity and hyperglycemia based on an individual's circadian rhythm. The configurations of the memory unit 113E, the communication unit 115E, and the output unit 119E may be similar to those of the memory unit 113, the communication unit 115, and the output unit 119, respectively, and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted. Furthermore, the information processing device 110E may also include various electronic devices that are included in other known information processing devices.

The recommended time calculation unit 112Ec is configured with an application program or module that calculates the optimal eating time for preventing obesity and hyperglycemia of the user based on the user's SPB-SM or the intermediate time of the original physiological sleep time acquired by other methods (hereinafter, also referred to as SPB-SM for convenience). The recommended time calculation unit 112Ec may be, for example, an application program or module that is stored in the memory unit 113E and executed by the control unit 111E. The recommended time calculation unit 112Ec may read the user's SPB-SM stored in the memory unit 113E or the intermediate time of the original physiological sleep time acquired by other methods to calculate the optimal eating time for preventing obesity and hyperglycemia of the user, or may calculate the user's SPB-SM as in the above-mentioned SPB-SM calculation unit 112b.

The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Ed is configured with an application program or module that presents optimal behavior times for preventing obesity and hyperglycemia based on an individual's circadian rhythm. The recommended behavior presentation unit 112Ed may be, for example, an application program or module that is stored in the memory unit 113E and executed by the control unit 111E.

Figure 42 is a flow diagram explaining the process of calculating the optimal eating time in the information processing device 110E according to one embodiment of the present invention. The recommended time calculation unit 112Ec reads the user's SPB-SM stored in the database 114E of the memory unit 113E (S1501). The recommended time calculation unit 112Ec may calculate the user's SPB-SM like the SPB-SM calculation unit 112b.

The recommended time calculation unit 112Ec calculates a first recommended eating time period that has little effect on weight gain and relatively suppresses the rise in blood glucose level by adding a ninth reference value having a predetermined time range to the user's SPB-SM. Here, the ninth reference value is in the range of 1 to 12 hours, and the first recommended eating time period is calculated as SPB-SM + 1 to 12 hours. In addition, a tenth reference value in a time range later than the ninth reference value is added to SPB-SM to calculate a first non-recommended eating time period during which eating tends to significantly increase body weight and body fat mass and also to increase blood glucose level to a greater extent (S1503). Here, the tenth reference value is in the range of 13 to 24 hours, and the first non-recommended eating time period is calculated as SPB-SM + 13 to 24 hours. The recommended time calculation unit 112Ec presents advice to eat preferably between SPB-SM+1 and 12 o'clock, and to avoid or limit eating between SPB-SM+13 and 24 o'clock (1505).

Of the first non-recommended eating time periods, eating between SPB-SM+2 and 4 am in particular has the least impact on weight gain and rarely causes an excessive rise in blood glucose levels. For this reason, the recommended time calculation unit 112Ec may present SPB-SM+2 to 4 am as the second recommended eating time period that is optimal for having the first meal of the day, with the range of 2 to 4 hours set as the eleventh reference value. Note that this time period often corresponds to breakfast.

Since eating at any time during the period from 13:00 to 24:00 in SPB-SM has a significant effect on weight gain and blood glucose level increase, the recommended time calculation unit 112Ec may present SPB-SM + 13:00 to 24:00 as a "meal time when attention should be paid to weight gain and blood glucose level increase." On the other hand, there are times during SPB-SM + 16:00 to 17:00, SPB-SM + 19:00, and SPB-SM + 23:00 when eating has a relatively small effect on weight gain, body fat mass increase, and blood glucose level increase. Therefore, the recommended time calculation unit 112Ec may present SPB-SM + 16:00 to 17:00, SPB-SM + 19:00, and SPB-SM + 23:00 as "time periods with a relatively small effect on obesity and hyperglycemia if eating is unavoidable" (third recommended eating time periods) using the ranges of 16:00 to 17:00, 19:00, and 23:00 as the 12th reference value.

In one embodiment, these displays may be made, for example, by an interface 601 of a terminal as shown in FIG. 43. The interface 601 may have, for example, a title 611, a time display 613, an icon 615, a warning display 617, and an SPB-SM display 619. The title 611 may clearly indicate that the interface 601 presents the user with the optimal eating time for preventing obesity and hyperglycemia. The time display 613 and the icon 615 visually display the first recommended eating time zone, the second recommended eating time zone, the third recommended eating time zone, and the first non-recommended eating time zone calculated by the recommended time calculation unit 112Ec by the number of icons 615 arranged on the time display 613. Note that the time display 613 and the icon 615 may be realized by other known display means such as a bar graph on a time axis. The warning display 617 may, for example, display a time zone in which eating tends to significantly increase weight and increase blood glucose levels to a higher degree, thereby warning the user. Additionally, the SPB-SM display 619 displays the user's SPB-SM used to calculate the recommended eating time slot. Note that the interface 601 may include other known displays to present the recommended eating time slot to the user.

Carbohydrates and lipids have a major effect on weight gain, while carbohydrates have a major effect on blood sugar levels. For this reason, we recommend that you eat at any time other than SPB+1-12:00, or SPB-SM+16-17:00, SPB-SM+19:00, or SPB-SM+23:00.
When the user needs to eat outside of these times, the recommended time calculation unit 112Ec may suggest that the user limit their intake of carbohydrates and fats and prioritize the intake of proteins, vegetables, and the like.

In addition to the relative time of eating, variability in meal times also significantly affects weight gain and blood glucose level increases. For this reason, it is preferable for the recommended time calculation unit 112Ec to present advice to eat at the same time every day, regardless of whether or not a mealtime can be selected from the times presented above.

For those who provide meals to customers as part of their business, such as hospitals, accommodation facilities, and transportation companies, the recommended time calculation unit 112Ec can display a list of meal times that are desirable for each user, making it possible to provide meals to each user at the optimal time.

Social Jet Lag (the difference between sleeping hours on weekdays and holidays) and a sleep-wake schedule that deviates from the user's natural physiological sleeping hours can themselves cause obesity and hyperglycemia. For this reason, the recommended behavior presentation unit 112Ed presents optimal sleeping hours based on the individual's circadian rhythm as described in the above embodiment, and if the user wishes to prevent weight gain and hyperglycemia, the user can be suggested to follow the optimal sleeping hours or, even if they deviate from the optimal sleeping hours, to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day as much as possible.

1 questionnaire, 2 sensor mat, 11 server, 13 personal computer (PC), 15 mobile phone, 17 tablet terminal, 19 wearable device, 50 network, 100 system, 110 information processing device, 110A information processing device, 110B information processing device, 110C information processing device, 110D information processing device, 110E information processing device, 111 control unit, 111A control unit, 111B control unit, 111C control unit, 111D control unit, 111E control unit, 112a data removal unit, 112Ac recommended time calculation unit, 112b SPB-SM calculation unit, 112Bc recommended time calculation unit, 112c recommended time calculation unit, 112Cc recommended time calculation unit, 112Dc recommended time calculation unit, 112Dd recommended behavior presentation unit, 112Ec recommended time calculation unit, 112Ed Recommended action presentation unit, 113 Memory unit, 113A Memory unit, 113B Memory unit, 113C Memory unit, 113D Memory unit, 113E Memory unit, 114 Database, 114A Database, 114B Database, 114C Database, 114D Database, 114E Database, 115 Communication unit, 115A Communication unit, 115B Communication unit, 115C Communication unit, 115D Communication unit, 115E Communication unit, 117 Power supply, 117A Power supply, 117B Power supply, 117C Power supply, 117D Power supply, 117E Power supply, 119 Output unit, 119A Output unit, 119B Output unit, 119C Output unit, 119D Output unit, 119E Output unit, 301 Interface, 303 Interface, 305 Interface, 307 Interface, 310 Indicator, 311 Slider, 311a Icon, 311b Icon, 313a Icon illustration, 313b Icon illustration, 330 Indicator, 331 Slider, 331a Icon, 331b Icon, 333a Icon illustration, 333b Icon illustration, 350 Indicator, 351 Slider, 351a Button or icon, 351b Button or icon, 353 Icon illustration, 355 Icon illustration, 370 Indicator, 371 Bar, 371a Mark, 371b Mark, 373a Icon illustration, 373b Icon illustration, 401 Interface, 403 Interface, 411 Title, 413 Time display, 415 Icon, 417 Attention display, 419 SPB-SM display, 431 Title, 433 Time display, 435 Icon, 437 Recommended time zone display, 439 Non-recommended time zone display, 501 interface, 503 interface, 505 interface, 507 interface, 510 indicator, 511 sleep zone, 512 sleep zone, 513 awake zone, 514 time zone, 515 time zone, 517a icon illustration, 517b icon illustration, 518 icon illustration, 519 comment, 530 indicator, 531 sleep zone, 532 sleep zone, 533 awake zone, 534 time zone, 535 time zone, 537a icon illustration, 537b icon illustration, 538 icon illustration, 539 comment, 550 indicator, 551 sleep zone, 552 sleep zone, 553 awake zone, 554 time zone, 555 time zone, 557a icon illustration, 557b icon illustration, 558 icon illustration, 559 comment, 570 indicator, 571 Sleeping time, 572 Sleeping time, 573 Awake time, 574 Time period, 575 Time period, 577a Icon/illustration, 577b Icon/illustration, 579 Comment, 601 Interface, 611 Title, 613 Time display, 615 Icon, 617 Warning display, 619 SPB-SM display

Claims (7)

A subjective midnight calculation unit that calculates a subjective midnight;
An information processing device having an interface that can be operated by a user,
the interface has an indicator on which a first selection button or a first icon set as a bedtime, a second selection button or a second icon set as a wake-up time, and a slider configured to be able to move the first selection button or the first icon and the second selection button or the second icon are arranged;
the information processing device determines whether or not a response including a bedtime and a wake-up time to a question based on a sleeping time period input via the interface satisfies a predetermined condition;
When the answer satisfies the predetermined condition, the information processing device excludes time data that should be excluded from time data included in measurement data including information on the answer or a sleep time period measured by a measuring device having a sensor capable of monitoring the user's sleep state in accordance with the predetermined condition ;
A system for presenting daily time based on circadian rhythms, characterized in that subjective midnight based on the sleep time zone is calculated based on the time data contained in the answer or measurement data excluding the time data to be excluded . A subjective midnight calculation unit that calculates a subjective midnight;
An information processing device having an interface that can be operated by a user,
the interface has an indicator on which a first selection button or a first icon set as a bedtime, a second selection button or a second icon set as a wake-up time, and a slider configured to be able to move the first selection button or the first icon and the second selection button or the second icon are arranged;
The slider is positioned around the time period when many people are asleep ,
A system for presenting daily times based on circadian rhythms, characterized in that the information processing device calculates subjective midnight based on sleep time periods based on answers including bedtimes and wake-up times to questions based on sleep time periods input via the interface, or based on measurement data including information on sleep time periods measured by a measuring device having a sensor capable of monitoring the user's sleep state, based on the answers or time data included in the measurement data excluding time data that should be excluded from the answers or time data included in the measurement data . A subjective midnight calculation unit that calculates a subjective midnight;
An information processing device having an interface that can be operated by a user,
the interface has an indicator on which a first selection button or a first icon set as a bedtime, a second selection button or a second icon set as a wake-up time, and a slider configured to be able to move the first selection button or the first icon and the second selection button or the second icon are arranged;
In the indicator, time periods that are rarely bedtime and time periods that are rarely wake-up time are displayed lightly ,
A system for presenting daily times based on circadian rhythms, characterized in that the information processing device calculates subjective midnight based on sleep time periods based on answers including bedtimes and wake-up times to questions based on sleep time periods input via the interface, or based on measurement data including information on sleep time periods measured by a measuring device having a sensor capable of monitoring the user's sleep state, based on the answers or time data included in the measurement data excluding time data that should be excluded from the answers or time data included in the measurement data . A subjective midnight calculation unit that calculates a subjective midnight;
An information processing device having an interface that can be operated by a user,
the interface has an indicator on which a first selection button or a first icon set as a bedtime, a second selection button or a second icon set as a wake-up time, and a slider configured to be able to move the first selection button or the first icon and the second selection button or the second icon are arranged;
In the indicator, the most frequent bedtime and the most frequent wake-up time are set as initial values ,
A system for presenting daily times based on circadian rhythms, characterized in that the information processing device calculates subjective midnight based on sleep time periods based on answers including bedtimes and wake-up times to questions based on sleep time periods input via the interface, or based on measurement data including information on sleep time periods measured by a measuring device having a sensor capable of monitoring the user's sleep state, based on the answers or time data included in the measurement data excluding time data that should be excluded from the answers or time data included in the measurement data . The system for presenting daily time based on circadian rhythms as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the interface further has a third icon or a first illustration indicating day, and a fourth icon or a second illustration indicating night, arranged adjacent to the indicator. The circadian rhythm-based daily time presentation system of any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the interface further includes a fifth icon or a third illustration indicating the subjective midnight, positioned adjacent to the indicator. The system for displaying daily time based on circadian rhythms according to claim 1 , wherein the interface displays a zone indicating a time when it is estimated that it will be difficult to fall asleep.

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