JP7745402B2 - outer wall - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to building exterior wall technology.

Technology for building exterior walls has been publicly known for some time. For example, see Patent Document 1.

Patent Document 1 describes the exterior walls of a wooden house with an external insulating and fire-resistant structure.

Such exterior walls must pass prescribed fire resistance tests, and further improvements in fire resistance performance are desired.

Patent No. 5823268

The present invention was made in light of the above circumstances, and the problem it aims to solve is to provide an exterior wall that can improve fire resistance.

The above is the problem that this invention aims to solve, and next we will explain the means for solving this problem.

That is, in claim 1, the device comprises an exterior material and a finishing material that is provided on the surface of the exterior material and is located outside the exterior material, the protruding length of the finishing material from the exterior material is 90 mm or less, a plurality of the finishing materials are provided so as to be lined up in a predetermined direction, the exterior material is visible from the outside through the gaps between the finishing materials, and the length of the gaps between the finishing materials in the predetermined direction is 50 mm or less .

In claim 2 , the method comprises a furring strip to which the exterior material is fixed, and a fastening material that is driven into the furring strip from the outside of the finishing material to fasten the finishing material to the exterior material.

In claim 3 , the exterior material is mortar, the finishing material is wood, and the fastening material is metal.

In a fourth aspect of the present invention, a waterproof material is provided between the finishing material and the exterior material.

In claim 5 , the finishing material is provided in a plurality of layers, and the total thickness of the plurality of layers of the finishing material is 90 mm or less.

The effects of the present invention are as follows:

Claim 1 can improve fire resistance.

According to claim 2 , the fire resistance can be further improved.

According to claim 3 , the fire resistance can be further improved.

According to claim 4 , the waterproof performance can be improved.

According to claim 5 , the design can be further improved and the fire resistance can be improved.

FIG. 2 is a plan cross-sectional view showing an outer wall according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1A is a side cross-sectional view showing an example of an outer wall according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 1B is a side cross-sectional view showing another example of an outer wall according to an embodiment of the present invention; 1A and 1B are schematic side views showing patterns for attaching finishing materials, including (a) direct attachment, (b) open joint attachment, (c) butted joint attachment, and (d) open joint attachment. 1 is a schematic side view showing the application patterns of finishing materials, showing (a) butt joint + batten, (b) Yamato-bari, (c) Yoroi-bari, and (d) Yoroi-bari + shiede.

The following describes an exterior wall 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention, using Figures 1 and 2.

The exterior wall 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is a wall facing the outside of the building 200. The exterior wall 1 is provided on the outer periphery of the building 200.

In the following, the horizontal direction of the exterior wall 1 (the left-right direction on the paper in Figure 1) will also be referred to as the "extension direction of the exterior wall 1."

The exterior wall 1 comprises main columns 10, studs 20, interior materials 30, structural facings 40, insulation materials 50, additional insulation materials 60, furring strips 70, exterior materials 90, finishing materials 100, and fastening materials 110.

The main pillars 10 are pillars (load-bearing members) for supporting loads. The main pillars 10 are formed (from square timber) in the shape of rods with a rectangular cross section. The main pillars 10 are erected on the foundation of the building 200 with their longitudinal direction facing up and down. Multiple main pillars 10 are provided at intervals in the extension direction of the exterior wall 1.

The studs 20 are columns installed between adjacent main columns 10. The studs 20 are also columns for attaching the interior materials 30 and structural paneling 40 described below. The studs 20 are formed in the shape of rods (made of square timber) with a rectangular cross section. The studs 20 are erected on the foundation of the building 200 with their longitudinal direction facing up and down. The outdoor and indoor faces of the studs 20 are installed so that they are on the same plane as the outdoor and indoor faces of the main columns 10, respectively. A plurality of studs 20 are installed at intervals from each other in the extension direction of the exterior wall 1. The intervals between the studs 20 can be any value, but it is preferable that they be 606 mm or less.

The interior material 30 constitutes the wall surface facing indoors. The interior material 30 is formed in the shape of a plate, and is installed so that its plate surface faces the indoor and outdoor sides. The interior material 30 is made of any material, for example, reinforced gypsum board. The interior material 30 is fastened to the indoor surfaces of the main columns 10 and partition walls 20 with screws, nails, etc. These screws and nails are covered with putty so that they cannot be seen from the indoor side.

The structural panel 40 is a board material such as plywood used to construct the exterior wall 1. The structural panel 40 is formed into a plate shape, with its plate surface facing the indoor and outdoor sides. The structural panel 40 can be made of any material, such as wood board, cement board, gypsum board, or volcanic vitreous composite board. The structural panel 40 is fastened to the outdoor surfaces of the main columns 10 and studs 20 with screws, nails, etc.

The insulation material 50 provides insulation for the interior space of the exterior wall 1 (exterior insulation). The insulation material 50 is formed in a plate shape and is installed so that its plate surface faces the indoor and outdoor sides. The insulation material 50 is made of a foamed plastic insulation material, such as a polystyrene foam plate. The insulation material 50 is installed on the outdoor side of the structural facing 40. A moisture-proof, airtight sheet (not shown) is installed between the insulation material 50 and the structural facing 40. A waterproof sheet is attached to the outdoor surface of the insulation material 50 as appropriate.

The additional insulation 60 provides insulation (additional insulation) for the interior space of the exterior wall 1. The additional insulation 60 is formed in a plate shape, with its plate surface facing the indoor and outdoor sides. The additional insulation 60 is made of artificial mineral fiber insulation, such as glass wool or rock wool. The additional insulation 60 is installed between the interior material 30 and the structural surface material 40 (on the outdoor side of the interior material 30).

The furring strips 70 form the base for the exterior material 90, which will be described later. When viewed from the front, the furring strips 70 are formed into a rectangular plate, with their longitudinal direction facing up and down. The furring strips 70 are installed on the outdoor side of the insulation material 50. The furring strips 70 are fastened to the indoor surfaces of the main posts 10 and studs 20 with screws, nails, etc. Multiple furring strips 70 are installed at intervals. The spacing between the furring strips 70 can be any value, but it is preferable that it be 606 mm or less.

The iron mesh 80 is used to prevent the exterior material 90 (mortar), described below, from peeling off. The iron mesh 80 is made of iron and is made from, for example, anti-rust treated metal lath, anti-rust treated iron mesh (galvanized iron wire), stainless steel lath, baked paint iron mesh, coated iron mesh, or iron mesh with waterproof paper. The iron mesh 80 is installed on the outdoor side of the furring strip 70 with waterproof paper (not shown) between them.

The exterior material 90 constitutes the wall surface facing the outdoors. The exterior material 90 is formed by applying lightweight cement mortar to the iron mesh 80 (more specifically, to the outdoor surface of the waterproof paper on which the iron mesh 80 is attached).

The finishing material 100 is used to enhance the design of the exterior material 90 (decorative wood). The finishing material 100 is made of wood. The finishing material 100 is formed (from square timber) into a rectangular rod shape when viewed from the front. The finishing material 100 is provided on the exterior surface of the exterior material 90. The finishing material 100 is provided with its longitudinal direction oriented in the extension direction of the exterior wall 1. Multiple finishing materials 100 are provided so that they are lined up vertically. A paint is applied to the surface of the finishing material 100. This paint is made of acrylic resin, acrylic urethane resin, silicone resin, fluorine resin, inorganic resin, alkyd resin (polyester resin), urethane resin, oil-based (oil stain-based paint), wood protection (water-based paint), photocatalytic paint (titanium oxide), or a combination thereof. Details of the dimensions and placement of the finishing material 100 will be described later.

The fastening material 110 shown in Figure 2 is used to fasten (secure) the finishing material 100. Screws or nails can be used as the fastening material 110. The fastening material 110 is made of metal (e.g., stainless steel, steel, or brass). The fastening material 110 penetrates the finishing material 100 and the exterior material 90 from the exterior side of the finishing material 100 and is fastened to the furring strip 70. The spacing between the fastening materials 110 in the extension direction of the exterior wall 1 is 606 mm or less. The length of the fastening material 110 is 25 mm or more.

As shown in the enlarged view of Figure 2(a), a waterproofing material 120 may be provided between the finishing material 100 and the exterior material 90. A butyl rubber-based sealing material may be used as the waterproofing material 120. By providing the waterproofing material 120 in this manner, it is possible to prevent water from entering the interior of the exterior wall 1 between the finishing material 100 and the exterior material 90, and through the holes in the exterior material 90 through which the fastening material 110 is inserted.

Here, when the exterior wall 1 is heated from the outside, the thicker the finishing material 100's thickness (protruding length from the exterior material 90) L1, the more difficult it is for heat to be transferred to other parts of the exterior wall 1, improving its fire resistance. However, if the finishing material 100 is too thick, the weight of the finishing material 100 increases the pull-out force of the fastening material 110. If the fastening material 110 is pulled out and the finishing material 100 falls, the fire resistance of the exterior wall 1 will decrease. Taking this into consideration, the thickness L1 of the finishing material 100 is set to 90 mm or less. Note that the above numerical value for the thickness L1 of the finishing material 100 may take into account tolerances, for example, a tolerance of ±9 mm. By keeping the thickness L1 of the finishing material 100 at 90 mm or less, the generation of pull-out force on the fastening material 110 can be suppressed.

Furthermore, when the exterior wall 1 is heated from the outside, the larger the vertical length of the gaps between the finishing materials 100 (the direction in which the finishing materials 100 are lined up), i.e., the larger the openwork width L2, the easier it is for heat to be transferred through the gaps to other parts of the exterior wall 1, thereby reducing the fire resistance of the exterior wall 1. Taking this into consideration, the openwork width L2 of the finishing material 100 is set to 50 mm or less (see Figure 2(a)). Note that the numerical value for the openwork width L2 of the finishing material 100 may take into account tolerances, such as a tolerance of ±5 mm. This makes it difficult for heat from the outside of the exterior wall 1 to be transferred to other parts of the exterior wall 1, thereby improving the fire resistance of the exterior wall 1. Note that the openwork width L2 of the finishing material 100 may be 0 mm. That is, the finishing materials 100 may be arranged so that they abut each other, as shown in Figure 2(b).

Furthermore, the finishing material 100 is fastened to the exterior material 90 by fastening materials 110 that are driven into the furring strips 70 from the outside of the finishing material 100. Therefore, when the exterior wall 1 is heated from the indoor side, the heat transferred to the furring strips 70 can be discharged to the outside via the fastening materials 110, thereby improving the fire resistance of the exterior wall 1.

By attaching the finishing material 100 to the exterior material 90 with the above specifications, the design of the exterior wall 1 can be improved while also improving its fire resistance.

Below, examples of application patterns for the finishing material 100 are explained using Figures 3 and 4.

The application pattern (arrangement) of the finishing material 100 is not particularly limited and can be determined according to the design. For example, as shown in Figure 3(a), one sheet of finishing material 100 may be attached to the exterior material 90 (direct application). As shown in Figure 3(b), gaps (joints) may be provided between the finishing materials 100 (open joints). As shown in Figure 3(c), the first layer may be one sheet of finishing material 100 attached to the exterior material 90, and the second layer may be butted together without gaps (joints) between the finishing materials 100 (butted joints). As shown in Figure 3(d), the first layer may be one sheet of finishing material 100 attached to the exterior material 90, and the second layer may be one layer of finishing materials 100 with gaps (joints) between the finishing materials 100 (open joints).

Also, as shown in Figure 4(a), the first layer may be a single sheet of finishing material 100 attached to the exterior material 90, the second layer may be abutted against each other without gaps (joints), and the third layer may have gaps (joints) between the finishing materials 100 (butt joint + batten). Also, as shown in Figure 4(b), the first layer may be a single sheet of finishing material 100 attached to the exterior material 90, the second layer may have gaps (joints) between the finishing materials 100, and the third layer may close the gaps in the second layer and have gaps (joints) between the finishing materials 100 (Yamato-bari). Also, as shown in Figure 4(c), the first layer may be a single sheet of finishing material 100 attached to the exterior material 90, and the second layer may be a stack of finishing materials 100 at an angle (Yoroi-bari). Alternatively, as shown in Figure 4(d), the first layer may be a single sheet of finishing material 100 attached to the exterior material 90, the second layer may be a stack of finishing materials 100 at an angle, and the third layer may be a single sheet of finishing material 100 attached to the second layer (armor cladding + edging).

As shown in Figures 3(c), 3(d), and 4(a) to (d), when the finishing material 100 is made up of two or more layers, its total thickness L3 must be 90 mm or less (±9 mm). This reduces the generation of pull-out force on the fasteners 110, thereby improving fire resistance.

As described above, the exterior wall 1 according to this embodiment has the following features:
An exterior material 90;
The method includes providing a finishing material 100 on the surface of the exterior material 90,
The length L1 of the finishing material 100 projecting from the exterior material 90 is 90 mm or less.

This configuration can improve the fire resistance.
Specifically, by setting the protruding length L1 of the finishing material 100 to 90 mm or less, it is possible to suppress the generation of pull-out force of the fastening material 110. This improves the fire resistance of the exterior wall 1.
in particular,

In addition, the finishing material 100 is
A plurality of the electrodes are arranged in a predetermined direction (vertical direction),
The length (openwork width) L2 of the gap between the finishing materials 100 in the specified direction is 50 mm or less.

This configuration can further improve the fire resistance.
Specifically, since heat penetration through gaps between the finishing materials 100 can be suppressed, the fire resistance of the exterior wall 1 can be further improved.

Moreover, the exterior wall 1 according to this embodiment is
A furring strip 70 to which the exterior material 90 is fixed;
A fastening material 110 that fastens the finishing material 100 to the exterior material 90 by being driven into the furring strip 70 from the outside of the finishing material 100;
It is equipped with the following.

This configuration can further improve the fire resistance.
Specifically, the heat transferred to the furring strips 70 can be discharged to the outside through the fastening material 110, thereby further improving the fire resistance of the exterior wall 1.

In addition, in the exterior wall 1 according to this embodiment,
The exterior material 90 is mortar,
The finishing material 100 is made of wood,
The fastener 110 is made of metal.

This configuration further improves the fire resistance of exterior walls 1 that are constructed with exterior materials 90 made of mortar, finishing materials 100 made of wood, and fastening materials 110 made of metal.

Moreover, the exterior wall 1 according to this embodiment is
The waterproofing material 120 is provided between the finishing material 100 and the exterior material 90 .

This configuration can further improve waterproof performance.
Specifically, it is possible to prevent water from entering between the finishing material 100 and the exterior material 90, and into the interior of the exterior wall 1 through holes for inserting the fastening material 110 in the exterior material 90.

The finishing material 100 is provided in multiple layers,
The total thickness L3 of the multiple layers of the finishing material 100 is 90 mm or less.

This configuration improves the design while also improving fire resistance.

The above describes an embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above configuration, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention described in the claims.

For example, in this embodiment, the finishing material 100 is installed with its longitudinal direction facing the extension direction of the exterior wall 1, but the orientation of the finishing material 100 is not limited to this and can be in any direction, for example, it may be installed with its longitudinal direction facing up and down.

Furthermore, although additional insulation 60 is provided in this embodiment, it does not necessarily have to be provided.

1 Exterior wall 70 Furring strip 90 Exterior material 100 Finishing material 110 Fastening material 120 Waterproof material

Claims (5)

Exterior materials and
The method further includes providing a finishing material on the exterior surface of the exterior material, the finishing material being provided on the exterior surface of the exterior material.
The protruding length of the finishing material from the exterior material is 90 mm or less,
The finishing material is
A plurality of the electrodes are provided so as to be aligned in a predetermined direction,
The exterior material is visible from the outdoor side through the gaps between the finishing materials, and the length of the gaps in the predetermined direction is 50 mm or less.
outer wall. A furring strip to which the exterior material is fixed;
A fastening material that fastens the finishing material to the exterior material by being driven into the furring strip from the outside of the finishing material;
Equipped with
The exterior wall of claim 1 . The exterior material is mortar,
The finishing material is made of wood,
The fastening material is made of metal.
The exterior wall according to claim 2. A waterproof material is provided between the finishing material and the exterior material.
An exterior wall according to any one of claims 1 to 3 . The finishing material is provided in multiple layers,
The total thickness of the finishing material of the plurality of layers is 90 mm or less;
An exterior wall according to any one of claims 1 to 4.