JPH0537212A - Power distribution combiner - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] To obtain a compact power distribution combiner. [Structure] A first impedance converter composed of a line 3 shorter than a quarter wavelength and capacitors 7 and 8 inserted in parallel to the line at both ends of the line 3 is inserted between an input terminal 1 and a branching unit 6 for branching. The apparent impedance of the section 6 is set to be low, and the line 4 shorter than a quarter wavelength is provided between the branching section 6 and the plurality of distribution output terminals 2 and capacitors 9 and 10 are inserted in parallel to the line at both ends thereof. The second done
Insert the impedance converter of.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention is mainly applied to VHF band,
The present invention relates to a power distribution combiner used in the UHF band and the microwave band.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an apparatus of this type has been shown in FIG. This figure shows a four-way power divider as shown in C-121, Proceedings of the Spring National Conference of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, 1990. In the figure, 1
Is an input terminal, 2 is an output terminal, 3 is an input side line, 4 is an output side line, 5 is an isolation resistor, and 6 is a branch portion. The input side line 3 and the output side line 4 have a length of ¼ wavelength at the design frequency, and among them, the four output side lines 4 have the same characteristic impedance. Moreover, one end of each of the four isolation resistors 5 is commonly connected, and the other end thereof is connected to the output terminal 2 side of each of the four output side lines 4.

Next, the operation will be described. A signal applied from the input terminal 1 is applied to the branching section 6 through the input side line 3, distributed to the four output side lines 4 with equal amplitude, and taken out from the output terminal 2. At this time, since the input side line 3 and the output side line 4 each have a length of 1/4 wavelength, the input side line 3 and the output side line 4 operate as an impedance converter to achieve external impedance matching connected to the input terminal 1 and the output terminal 2. . The isolation resistor 5 absorbs the unbalanced component of the signal at the output terminal 2 to obtain mutual isolation between the four output terminals.

Characteristic impedance Z of 1/4 wavelength line
And the relationship between the impedances Za and Zb at both ends of the line when this line is used as an impedance converter is given by equation (1).

[0005]

[Equation 1]

In FIG. 9, the load impedance connected to the input terminal 1 is Zi, the load impedance connected to the output terminal 2 is Zo, the characteristic impedance of the input side line 3 is Z1, and the characteristic impedance of the output side line 4 is Z2.
Then, the impedance Z1 ′ when the input side line 1 is viewed from the branching portion 6 is obtained by the equation (2) using the relation of the equation (1).

[0007]

[Equation 2]

Further, the impedance Z2 'when one output side line 4 is viewed from the branching portion 6 is also expressed by the equation (3).

[0009]

[Equation 3]

Since the four output side lines 2 are connected in parallel in the branching section 6, the impedance seen from the branching section 6 to the output terminal side is 1/4 of Z2 '. Branch 6
In equation (4), the impedance can be made equal to the impedance viewed from the input terminal side and the impedance viewed from the output terminal side to achieve matching.

[0011]

[Equation 4]

Here, Zp is the apparent impedance of the branch section 6. When the apparent impedance Zp of the branching portion 6 is determined from the equation (4), the characteristic impedances Z1 and Z2 of the input side line 3 and the output side line 4 are given by the equations (5) and (6), respectively.

[0013]

[Equation 5]

[0014]

[Equation 6]

That is, by changing the apparent impedance Zp of the branch portion 6, the characteristic impedances Z1 and Z2 of the input side line 3 and the output side line 4 can be arbitrarily selected. Therefore, the degree of freedom in circuit design is increased,
This is convenient when the impedance range of the line that can be used is limited.

Here, the case of the power distributor has been described, but in the case of the power combiner, a plurality of inputs are combined into one output, and the signal flow is opposite to that of the power distributor. However, the circuit configuration is the same as that of FIG. 9 except that the input / output terminals are replaced, and the description of the power distributor holds as is with respect to the relationship of impedance and the like. Therefore, only the power distributor will be described below, and the description of the power combiner will be omitted.

[0017]

Since the conventional power divider / combiner is configured as described above, at least 1/2 is required.
There is a problem that a line having a wavelength length is required, and the size of the power distribution / combining circuit becomes large especially when used in a low frequency band.

[0018]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electric power distributor having one input / output terminal, one end connected to the input / output terminal, and an impedance seen from the terminal and a circuit connected to the terminal. A first impedance converter formed from a line having a characteristic impedance higher than that of a quarter wavelength line as an impedance converter for equalizing impedance and a capacitive element, and arranged at the other end of the first impedance converter Characteristic that is higher than the characteristic impedance of the quarter wavelength line as an impedance converter that connects the branched part and one end of each of the branched part and equalizes the impedance viewed from the terminal and the impedance of the circuit connected to the terminal A plurality of second impedance converters formed from impedance lines and capacitive elements; The other ends of the second impedance converter is that a plurality of input and output terminals connected.

According to another aspect of the power distributor of the present invention, one input / output terminal and one end thereof is connected to the input / output terminal, and impedance conversion for equalizing the impedance seen from the terminal and the impedance of the circuit connected to the terminal. A first impedance converter formed of a line having a characteristic impedance higher than that of a quarter-wave line as a container and a capacitive element, and a branch section arranged at the other end of the first impedance converter, A line and a capacitive element whose characteristic impedance is higher than the characteristic impedance of the 1/4 wavelength line as an impedance converter, in which one end of each is connected to the branching portion and the impedance seen from the terminal and the impedance of the circuit connected to the terminal are made equal A plurality of second impedance converters formed from
1/4 of the capacitive elements that include a plurality of input / output terminals to which the other ends of the second impedance converters are connected and that form the first impedance converter and the plurality of second impedance converters. Characteristic impedance of quarter-wave line forming the first impedance converter with a plurality of capacitive elements arranged between the line having a characteristic impedance higher than that of the wavelength line and the branch portion The capacitor elements are replaced by arranging them between a line having a higher characteristic impedance and a branch portion.

[0020]

According to the invention of claim 1, the first impedance converter and the second impedance converter are composed of a line having a characteristic impedance higher than that of a quarter wavelength line as an impedance converter and a capacitive element. Since it is formed, it is possible to reduce the length of the entire line of the first impedance converter and the second impedance converter, as compared with the conventional impedance converter formed of the quarter wavelength line, and to distribute the power. Make the synthesizer small.

According to the second aspect of the invention, a line having a characteristic impedance higher than the characteristic impedance of the ¼ wavelength line of the capacitive elements forming the first impedance converter and the plurality of second impedance converters is branched. And a capacitance element equivalent to a plurality of capacitance elements arranged between the branch section and the line having a characteristic impedance higher than the characteristic impedance of the quarter wavelength line forming the first impedance converter. By doing so, the plurality of capacitance elements are replaced, so that the number of parts is reduced and the power distribution / combiner is further downsized.

[0022]

EXAMPLES Example 1. FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the power distribution / combiner of the present invention. In the figure,
6 corresponds to that shown in FIG. 7-10
Is a capacitor which is a capacitive element connected in parallel to both ends of the input side line 3 and the output side line 4, respectively.

Next, the operation will be described. The F matrix [F] of the ¼ wavelength line having the impedance Z is expressed by the following equation (7).

[0024]

[Equation 7]

On the other hand, the F matrix of the circuit composed of the high impedance line 11 having the characteristic impedance Zh higher than Z as shown in FIG. 2 and the capacitor 12 of the capacitance C connected in parallel to the line at both ends thereof. [Fh] is expressed by the following equation (8).

[0026]

[Equation 8]

However, θ is the electrical length of the high impedance line, where L is the length of the line, ω is the angular frequency of the signal, and v is the phase velocity.

[0028]

[Equation 9]

Therefore, by giving the condition of the following equation,
The ¼ wavelength line of the impedance Z is equivalently replaced by a circuit composed of the high impedance line 11 shown in FIG. 2 and a capacitor 12 connected to both ends of the high impedance line 11 in parallel with the line.

[0030]

[Equation 10]

[0031]

[Equation 11]

At this time, the length θ of the high impedance line 11 is (1
From equation (0), equation (12) is obtained.

[0033]

[Equation 12]

From the equation (12), it is possible to make the length of the high impedance line 11 shorter than 1/4 wavelength by making Zh larger than Z, and it is possible to shorten the line length as the ratio of Zh and Z becomes larger. I understand. The electrostatic capacitance C of the capacitor 12 at this time is obtained from the equations (11) to (13).

[0035]

[Equation 13]

In the power distribution / combining device shown in FIG. 1, the input side line 3 and the capacitors 7 and 8 are equivalent to the converter constituted by only the 1/4 wavelength input side line 3 in the conventional example, and the output The side line 4 and the capacitors 10 and 11 are equivalent to the impedance converter configured only by the output side line 4 of the quarter wavelength in the conventional example. At this time, if the input side line 3 and the output side line 4 are both high impedance lines with impedance Zh, the load impedance connected to the input terminal 1 is Zi, and the load impedance connected to the output terminal 2 is Zo, the input side Lengths θ1 and θ2 of the line 3 and the output line 4 and the capacitors 7, 8, 9, and 10
The electrostatic capacitances C1, C2, C3, C4 of are determined by the following equations when the apparent impedance Zp of the branching portion 6 is determined.

[0037]

[Equation 14]

In this case, since θ1 and θ2 are each shorter than 1/4 wavelength, the power distribution / combiner can be made smaller than the conventional example.

As a structure of the power distribution / combining device for shortening the line length by using the high impedance line and the capacitors connected to both ends thereof, FIG. 3 shows a structure without using the input side impedance converter. In the case of this configuration, the output side line 4
Θ2 and the capacitance C3 of the capacitors 9 and 10,
C4 is a load impedance Z connected to the input terminal
Only i, Zo and the impedance Zh of the output side line are uniquely determined as in equations (20) to (22).

[0040]

[Equation 15]

Therefore, in the configuration shown in FIG. 3, the shortest line length is determined by the upper limit value of the line impedance determined by the reason that a line with a line width smaller than the working accuracy cannot be realized. There are limits to miniaturization. In the configuration of FIG. 1 according to the present invention, even if there is an upper limit to the line impedance that can be realized, the apparent impedance Zp of the branch portion 6 can be arbitrarily changed, and thus the length of the line can be changed. Figure 3
It is possible to further shorten the line length compared to the above configuration.

In the case where the power distribution / combination device is configured under the same conditions of the characteristic impedance Zh of the high impedance line and the load impedances Zi and Zo connected to the input / output terminals, the input side line 3 and the output side in the configuration of FIG. The total length of the line 4 is the output side line 4 of the configuration of FIG.
The conditions to be shorter than the line length of (14), (15),
Derivation from the equation (20) gives the following equation.

[0043]

[Equation 16]

If the apparent impedance Zp of the branching portion is designed to be low so as to satisfy this condition, not only the conventional example but also a power distribution combiner having a smaller size than that shown in FIG. 3 can be obtained.

In FIG. 4, the input / output impedance is 50Ω,
The characteristic impedance of the high impedance line is 120Ω
1 shows the result of calculating the relationship between the apparent impedance Zp of the branch point 6 and the total line length θ1 + θ2 of the input side line 3 and the output side line 4 in the case of the configuration of FIG. The value indicated by the broken line in the figure is the line length when the configuration of FIG. 3 is used. It can be seen that if Zp is set to 27.7Ω or less, the line length becomes shorter in the power distribution combiner according to the present invention in FIG.

Although the power distribution combiner having the distribution combining number of 4 has been described here, this principle holds true for all power distribution combining devices having the distribution combining number of 2 or more. When the distribution number is N, the condition regarding Zp shown in the equation (23) can be rewritten as the following equation.

[0047]

[Equation 17]

Example 2. FIG. 5 is a circuit configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the power distribution / combining device of the present invention. A capacitor inserted in parallel with the input side line 3 and the output side line 4 at the branching portion 6 side in the first embodiment. Are collectively inserted into the branch portion 6 into one corresponding capacitor having a capacitance equal to the sum of the capacitances of the respective capacitors. In the figure, 1 to 7 and 10 are the same as those in FIG.
Reference numeral 3 is a capacitor which is a combination of the capacitors 8 and 9 in FIG. The embodiment of FIG. 5 has the same operating principle and advantages as those of FIG. 1, and has the advantage of reducing the number of required capacitors.

Example 3. FIG. 6 is a circuit configuration diagram showing still another embodiment of the power distributor / combiner of the present invention, in which an open-ended stub is used as a capacitive element instead of the capacitor inserted in parallel to the line in the first embodiment. is there. In the figure, 1 to 6 are the same as in FIG. 1, and 14 to 17 are open-end stubs. An open-ended stub connected in parallel to the line is equivalently equivalent to a capacitor inserted in parallel to the line. At this time, the length Ls of the open-end stub having the characteristic impedance Zs equivalent to the capacitance Cs is given by the following equation.

[0050]

[Equation 18]

Therefore, by inserting open-end stubs having a length corresponding to the electrostatic capacitance given by the equations (16) to (19) at both ends of the input side line 3 and the output side line 4 in parallel with the lines. , A power distribution combiner equivalent to that of FIG. 1 can be obtained. The embodiment of FIG. 6 has the same operation principle and advantages as those of FIG. 1, and has an advantage that the power distribution / combining device can be configured only by the line pattern without using a capacitor.

Example 4. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing still another embodiment of the power distribution / combining device of the present invention, in which a power distribution / combining device having a distribution number of 4 is configured by using a triplate type strip line. 1 to 6 and 10 are the same as those in FIG. 1, 18 is a dielectric substrate, 19 is a ground conductor, 20 is a strip conductor, 21 is a vertical connection conductor, 22 is a resistance-to-resistance line,
Reference numeral 23 is a connection pattern, and 24 is a ground pattern.

The dielectric substrate 18, the ground conductor 19 and the strip conductor 20 form a triplate type strip line of two layers, upper and lower layers. An input side line 3 and an output side line 4 are formed on the lower layer, and are connected to the input terminal 1 and the output terminal 2. Further, the input side line 3 and the output side line 4 are connected to the connection pattern 23 of the upper layer by the vertical connection conductors 21 at their ends. The input side line 3 and the output side line 4 are made to meander in order to make the circuit compact. Isolation resistance 5
Is soldered between the connection pattern 23 and the resistance connection line 22. The resistance connecting line 22 has a pattern in which four resistors are connected with equal lengths in order to make the isolation characteristics and the reflection characteristics of the four output terminals 2 uniform. The capacitors 7-10 are
It is soldered between the connection pattern 23 and the ground pattern 24, and has one end grounded by the ground pattern 24 connected to the ground conductor 19 by the vertical connection conductor 21.

The embodiment of FIG. 7 has the same operating principle and advantages as those of FIG. 1, and has the advantage that the power distributor / combiner can be constructed in a planar and compact form.

In the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 and the like, the impedance converter constituted only by the 1/4 wavelength input side line 3 in the conventional example is constituted by the input side line 3 and the capacitors 7 and 8, The impedance converter constituted only by the output side line 4 of the quarter wavelength in the conventional example is shown as constituted by the output side line 4 and the capacitors 10 and 11, but the present invention is not limited to this. The π-type configuration composed of the input side line 3 and the capacitors 7 and 8 or the output side line 4 and the capacitors 10 and 11 can be realized as a T-type configuration that is equivalently converted. FIG. 8 shows an example of the configuration corresponding to FIG. In the figure, 25 is a first input side line, 26 is a second input side line, 27 is a capacitor,
28 is the first output side line, 29 is the second output side line, 3
0 is a capacitor. The design values of the input side line, the output side line, and the capacitor are obtained by the equivalent conversion between the π type and the T type of electric circuit theory.
It is omitted here.

[0056]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the first impedance converter and the second impedance converter are composed of a line having a characteristic impedance higher than the characteristic impedance of a quarter wavelength line as an impedance converter and a capacitive element. Since it is formed, the length of the entire line can be shortened compared to the conventional 1/4 wavelength line in which the first impedance converter and the second impedance converter are formed. The effect is that a synthesizer can be obtained.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, of the capacitive elements forming the first impedance converter and the plurality of second impedance converters, a line having a characteristic impedance higher than the characteristic impedance of the quarter-wave line and the branch portion. A capacitive element equivalent to a plurality of capacitive elements disposed between and is disposed between the line having a characteristic impedance higher than the characteristic impedance of the quarter wavelength line forming the first impedance converter and the branch portion. As a result, since the plurality of capacitance elements are replaced, there is an effect that the number of parts can be reduced and a compact power distribution / combining device can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram illustrating a circuit equivalent to a ¼ wavelength line including a high impedance line and a capacitor.

FIG. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a modified example of the first embodiment for explaining the effect of the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of calculating a line length in the circuit configuration of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a modification of the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a conventional power distributor.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 input terminal 2 output terminals 3 Input side line 4 Output side line 5 Isolation resistance 6 branches 7-10, 12, 13 capacitors 11 High impedance line 14-17 Open-end stub 18 Dielectric substrate 19 Ground conductor 20 strip conductors 21 Vertical connection conductor 22 Resistance line 23 Connection patterns 24 ground pattern 25 First input side line 26 Second input side line 27 capacitors 28 First output side line 29 Second output line 30 capacitors

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] August 28, 1992

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] 0003

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

Next, the operation will be described. A signal applied from the input terminal 1 is applied to the branching section 6 through the input side line 3, distributed to the four output side lines 4 with equal amplitude, and taken out from the output terminal 2. At this time, since the input side line 3 and the output side line 4 each have a length of 1/4 wavelength, the input side line 3 and the output side line 4 operate as an impedance converter and are connected to an external circuit connected to the input terminal 1 and the output terminal 2 and impedance.
Dance match. Also, the isolation resistor 5 is
The non-average component of the signal at the output terminal 2 is absorbed and mutual isolation between the four output terminals is obtained.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A 1/4 wavelength line as an impedance converter, which has one input / output terminal and one end connected to the input / output terminal to equalize the impedance seen from the terminal and the impedance of the circuit connected to the terminal. First impedance converter formed of a line having a characteristic impedance higher than the characteristic impedance and a capacitive element, a branching portion arranged at the other end of the first impedance converter, and one end of each branching portion is connected to the branching portion. 1 / as an impedance converter that equalizes the impedance seen from the terminal and the impedance of the circuit connected to that terminal.
A plurality of second impedance converters formed of a line having a characteristic impedance higher than that of the four-wavelength line and a capacitive element, and a plurality of input / output terminals to which the other ends of the second impedance converters are connected An electric power distribution / combining device comprising: 2. A 1/4 wavelength line as an impedance converter, which has one input / output terminal and one end connected to the input / output terminal, and which makes the impedance seen from the terminal equal to the impedance of the circuit connected to the terminal. First impedance converter formed of a line having a characteristic impedance higher than the characteristic impedance and a capacitive element, a branching portion arranged at the other end of the first impedance converter, and one end of each branching portion is connected to the branching portion. 1 / as an impedance converter that equalizes the impedance seen from the terminal and the impedance of the circuit connected to that terminal.
A plurality of second impedance converters formed of a line having a characteristic impedance higher than that of the four-wavelength line and a capacitive element, and a plurality of input / output terminals to which the other ends of the second impedance converters are connected Of the capacitive elements forming the first impedance converter and the plurality of second impedance converters, and is arranged between the line having the characteristic impedance higher than the characteristic impedance of the quarter wavelength line and the branch portion. By arranging a capacitive element equivalent to a plurality of capacitive elements between a line having a characteristic impedance higher than the characteristic impedance of the quarter wavelength line forming the first impedance converter and a branch portion, A power divider / combiner characterized by replacing a capacitive element.