JPH054135A - Automatic bolt fastening/loosening method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To automatically fasten and loosen a bolt for assembly of a form, which is used to subject a concrete product to a centrifugal compacting shaping, always stably even though the level of form supporting has varied due to wear of a rotary support for supporting the form. CONSTITUTION:The distance of a form from the over-surface of a tire 2 is measured by a distance sensor 36 prior to the automatic bolt fastening/loosening work. On the basis of result from measurement, a frame 11 supporting a fastening/loosening tool 22 is elevated or sunk so that the distance of the bolt from the tool 22 will become a preset value.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a bolt for automatically tightening and unfastening bolts and nuts which are assembly fasteners of a separable formwork used for centrifugal compaction molding of concrete products such as poles and piles. The present invention relates to the automatic fastening method of.

[0002]

As shown in the Related Art For example 6-8, the mold 1 as described above, two split mold 1 _a cross-section an elongated semicircular,
It consists 1 _a, in a substantially central portion of an outer peripheral surface thereof, the ribs 1 _c for reinforcement is protruded to the axial direction. The split halves 1 _a and 1 _a have flanges 1 _b protruding from both ends.
By overlapping, it is formed to have a cylindrical shape with a substantially perfect circular cross section. Then, the mold 1 is disassembled and assembled from the tires 2 (rotary supports) projecting in an annular shape on the outer peripheral surface along the shaft center of the mold 1 in the axial direction of the mold 1. This is done by tightening and loosening a large number of sets of bolts 3 and nuts 4 at positions on the flange 1 _b that are separated by a predetermined distance. The tire 2 is for rotatably supporting the mold 1 when the concrete 1 is rotated and compacted by centrifugally compacting a concrete product. In the device for automatically tightening and tightening the bolts 3, a bolt tightening / releasing mechanism including a tightening / releasing tool such as an impact wrench and a nut runner capable of moving up and down together with the above-mentioned mold and the mold The clamper plate is movably arranged in the axial direction, and the clamper plate is movably arranged on the bolt tightening mechanism at a position corresponding to the distance between the tire and the bolt from the tightening / loosening tool. ing. Then, the clamper plate is operated to engage with the tire, and the bolt tightening / releasing mechanism is moved together with the mold as the carriage supporting the mold moves, so that the tightening / releasing device is moved by a predetermined amount (machine). Fixed amount)
The bolt is lifted and lowered, and the bolt is tightened and loosened by the fastening tool. The above-mentioned tightening / releasing work is sequentially carried out by moving the mold frame relative to the main body of the automatic tightening / loosening device and changing the operation place of the bolt tightening / loosening mechanism in the main body of the automatic tightening / loosening device. As a result, the formwork is assembled and disassembled. By the way, in the above mold, the size of the tire, the position of the bolt for fastening the mold, and the like are naturally different depending on the type of the concrete product together with the mold. Therefore, in the conventional automatic tightening / loosening device, the distance between the tightening / loosening tool and the bolt is determined by the distance between the tightening / loosening tool and the mold, especially in the height direction of the bolt which changes when the tire of the mold is placed on the carriage. The bolt tightening / releasing mechanism that supports the tightening / relaxing tool is moved up and down to a predetermined position and positioned so as to be constant in each case. Specifically, this is done by detecting the ascending / descending position of the bolt tightening / releasing mechanism with a limit switch provided at a height position according to the type of formwork, and stopping the bolt tightening / loosening mechanism at that position. ..

[0003]

However, since the tires of the formwork are supported by the formwork during the manufacturing process of the concrete product and rotate, the tires are worn and the outer diameter of the tire is changed. In such a situation, as described above, the bolt tightening mechanism that is pre-positioned at the height position according to the type of each mold detected by the limit switch is used to automatically tighten the bolts as described above. If such an attempt is made, the tightening / loosening tool and the bolt will not engage with each other depending on the degree of wear of the tire, resulting in a problem such as defective tightening / loosening. Therefore,
The present invention was devised in view of the above circumstances, and even if the support height position of the mold changes due to wear of the rotary support,
It is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic bolt tightening method capable of automatically tightening bolts in a stable state.

[0004]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the main means adopted by the present invention is, as the gist of the invention, an annular projection projecting on the outer peripheral surface of a separable cylindrical mold. A bolt is provided at a position separated from the rotary support in the axial direction of the mold by a predetermined distance, and the automatic clamping device is moved while the mold is relatively moved in the axial direction with respect to the main body of the automatic clamping device. An automatic bolt tightening / loosening method for assembling and disassembling the mold by lifting / lowering a tightening / loosening tool supported by a bolt tightening / loosening mechanism of an apparatus body by a predetermined amount to tighten / loostle the bolt by the tightening / loosening tool. The distance from the bolt tightening / loosening mechanism to a predetermined portion of the mold is measured, and the distance from the tightening / loosening tool to the bolt is preset to a predetermined value prior to the tightening / loosening work on the bolt by the tightening / loosening tool. The bolt tightening and loosening mechanism for the formwork By relatively lift is an automatic tightening loose method of bolt according to point so as to position.

[0005]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments embodying the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings for the understanding of the present invention. The following embodiments are examples of embodying the present invention and are not of the nature to limit the technical scope of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a front view of an automatic tightening / loosening device capable of carrying out an automatic bolt tightening / loosening method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Is a plan view of the automatic tightening device, FIG. 3 is a right side view of the automatic tightening device, FIG. 4 is a partial rear view of FIG. 3 along arrow A, and FIG. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a main part showing a situation when performing work, Fig. 6 is a front view of a formwork capable of tightening and tightening bolts by the automatic tightening / loosening device, and Fig. 7 is a side view of the arrow B in Fig. 6, FIG. 8 is a detailed view of an arrow C portion in FIG. In the automatic tightening / loosening device 5 capable of performing the automatic bolt tightening / loosening method according to this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, a U-shaped frame is formed so as to straddle the moving space of the mold 1. 6 is installed. The formwork 1 is placed on the upper surface of a dolly 7 via tires 2, and the dolly 7 is mounted on a set of rails 8 and 8 by an arrow 9,
It is mounted so that it can move in 10 directions. Then, for example, an end portion of a chain (not shown) is attached to the carriage 7, and the carriage 7 is moved and driven by rotating a sprocket on which the chain is wound by a motor (not shown). An elevating frame 11 is provided inside the frame 6, and guides 12 provided at the respective corners of the elevating frame 11 are provided on the legs 6 of the frame 6.
_The elevating frame 11 is slidably contacted with a guide receiving member 13 attached to a so as to be vertically movable. In this case, the guide 12 and the guide receiving member 13
Instead of, a so-called linear bearing can be used. On the upper surface portion of each corner of the lifting frame 11, the output shaft 15 _a is coupled to a jack 15 attached to the leg portion 6 _a, the respective jack 15, the shaft 16, gear box 17, universal It is rotationally driven by a motor 19 via a joint 18. The jacks 15 are driven by the motor 19, so that the elevating frame 11 is moved up and down with respect to the frame 6, and the elevating position is detected by the striker 20 provided on the elevating frame 11. This is performed by detecting with a plurality of proximity switches 21 provided on the frame 6. The plurality of proximity switches 21 are arranged so that, when performing an automatic bolt tightening / loosening operation, the distance between the bolts provided on the flanges of various molds and the socket 23 of the tightening / loosening tool 22 such as an impact wrench and a nut runner described later is set. In order to make it almost constant, it is arranged in such a positional relationship that it is possible to stop the lifting frame 11 at a position where the shaft cores of a plurality of tires having different outer diameters according to various forms are apparently the same. ing. A distance sensor 36 is attached to the lower surface of the elevating frame 11 and the upstream end of the mold 1 in the moving direction (arrow 10 direction). The distance sensor 36 is for measuring the distance from the lifting frame 11 to the upper surface of the tire 2 in a non-contact manner, and this distance measurement is synchronized with the passage detection of the tire 2 by the limit switch 37. Be implemented. When the distance measurement by the distance sensor 36 is performed, the wear amount of the tire 2 is calculated, and the socket 2 of the fastening / loosening tool 22 is tightened prior to the fastening / loosening work for the bolt 3 by the fastening / loosening tool 22.
The motor 19 is driven so that the distance from the bolt 3 to the bolt 3 becomes a predetermined value (mechanically determined vertical movement amount of the fastening / loosening tool 22) with respect to the mold 1. The elevating frame 11 is moved up and down and positioned.

That is, the relative distance D from the lifting frame 11 in a pre-positioned state depending on the type of the mold to the upper surface of the tire 2 (a known value on the assumption that the tire 2 is not worn) , D is the relative distance to the tire 2 measured by the distance sensor 36, ΔD
= D-D is a worn value related to the diameter of the tire 2. Further, ΔD / 2 is a change value of the relative distance between the bolt 3 and the elevating frame 11 due to tire wear. Assuming that the ascending / descending speed of the ascending / descending frame 11 by the motor 19 is v, the motor 1 is moved for a time t of ΔD / 2 · v before the tightening / loosening work for the bolt 3.
By driving 9 to move the lifting frame 11 once positioned, the relative distance between the bolt 3 and the socket 23 of the fastening / loosening tool 22 can be set to a predetermined value. Therefore, in the apparatus of the present embodiment, the elevator frame 11 is moved up and down to a predetermined position preset for each form prior to the automatic bolt tightening work. Even if the support height position of No. 1 is changed, the bolts can be automatically tightened and tightened in a stable state so that the bolts are automatically tightened and tightened in a single mold. In this case, a photoelectric switch or a proximity switch can be used instead of the limit switch 37, and the distance sensor 36 can be
Considering the atmosphere in which the work is performed, an ultrasonic displacement meter is suitable. Further, in this case, instead of measuring the distance to the tire 2 with the distance sensor 36, the flange 1
The distance to _b or the bolt 3 may be measured.
A main body 24 of the above-described bolt tightening / loosening mechanism for automatically tightening / loosening the bolt 3 of the mold 1 is supported on the elevating frame 11 by a slide bearing 25 so as to be movable in the arrow 9 or 10 direction. An air cylinder 26 is attached to the main body 24. The air cylinder 2
6 is the main body 24 that moves with the movement of the mold 1
In order to stabilize the operation of the main body 24, the main body 24 is given a resistance and the main body 24 is returned to the original position. In the bolt tightening / loosening mechanism, for example, six of the above-mentioned tightening / loosening tools 22 are provided on the main body 24 so as to face each other, and these tightening / loosening tools 22 project onto the outer peripheral surface of the above-mentioned mold 1. The purpose of this is to simultaneously tighten and loosen the six bolts 3 provided on both sides at a position separated from the installed annular tire 2 in the axial direction of the mold 1 by a predetermined distance.

The tightening / loosening tool 22 is movably supported in a horizontal plane by an X / Y moving mechanism (not shown) provided on the main body 24. The fastening / loosening tool 22 is driven to move to a position where 3 and the socket 23 correspond to each other. In this case,
The amount of movement of the fastening / loosening tool 22 is determined based on the size of the mounting interval of each bolt 3 in the assembly drawing of the mold 1.
After the fasteners 22 are positioned in the horizontal plane and in the height direction as described above, the socket 23 is driven up and down by the air cylinder 27 to move the bolts 3
Is automatically tightened. A clamper plate 28 is provided on the elevating frame 11 at a position corresponding to a distance between the tire 2 and the bolt 3 from the fastening / loosening tool 22. The clamper plate 28 is for engaging with the tire 2 of the mold 1 and for moving the main body 24 of the bolt tightening / releasing mechanism in accordance with the movement of the mold 1, and is an air cylinder (not shown). Is driven up and down so that the tire 2 can be engaged or disengaged. The operation timing of the clamper plate 28 in this case is determined based on the passage timing of the tire 2 detected by the limit switch 33. Automatic tightening and loosening device 5 according to the present embodiment
Is configured as described above. Next, the operation procedure of the automatic fastening / loosening device 5 will be described. First, prior to the automatic bolt tightening / loosening work, the elevation frame 11 is positioned in the vertical direction according to the size of the formwork 1. After that, the tightening / loosening tool 22 is moved to a position corresponding to the bolt 3 provided at a predetermined position with respect to the tire 2 of the mold 1 by an X / Y moving mechanism (not shown). Subsequently, the air cylinder 26 is operated to move the main body 24 to the upstream side in the moving direction of the mold 1.

When the mold 1 is moved and the passage of the tire 2 is detected by the limit switch 37, the distance to the tire 2 is measured by the distance sensor 36, and the socket 23 of the fastening / loosening tool 22 is measured. The elevating frame 11 is further corrected and moved so that the distance between the mold 3 and the bolt 3 of the mold 1 becomes a predetermined value. After that, passage of the tire 2 is detected by the limit switch 33, and after a lapse of a predetermined time, the clamper plate 28 is driven downward. When the clamper plate 28 is driven downward as described above, the tire 2 and the clamper plate 28 are engaged with each other, whereby the main body 24 of the bolt tightening / releasing mechanism is moved to the form 1
Move with. The fastening / loosening tool 22 is driven downward while the main body 24 is moving, and the socket 23 of the fastening / loosening tool 22 is driven.
Thus, the bolts 3 are tightened and loosened. Bolt 3 above
When the tightening / loosening work is finished, the tightening / loosening tool 22 and the clamper plate 28 are driven upward, and the main body 24 is returned to the original position. Then, the next tire 2 is on standby to perform the tightening and loosening work of the bolt 3 provided at a predetermined position. Therefore, according to this embodiment, even if the tire size is changed for each type of mold and the tire is worn, the bolts can be tightened and tightened automatically in a constantly stable state. In the present invention, unlike the case of the above-mentioned embodiment, the lifting frame 11 is not preliminarily positioned at a predetermined position for each type of mold, but the tightening is performed using the result of the distance measurement by the distance sensor 36. By directly raising and lowering the raising and lowering frame 11 so that the distance between the socket 23 of the loosening tool 22 and the bolt 3 becomes a predetermined value, the raising and lowering frame can be extremely efficiently performed regardless of the tire size and its wear amount. Eleven positionings can be performed.
By doing so, the striker 20 and the proximity switch 21 described above can be omitted.

[0009]

As described above, according to the present invention, the position which is separated by a predetermined distance in the axial direction of the mold from the rotary support projecting in an annular shape on the outer peripheral surface of the separable cylindrical mold. A bolt is provided on the main body of the automatic tightening / loosening device, and the mold is moved relative to the main body of the automatic tightening / loosening device in the axial direction of the mold, and the tightening / loosening tool supported by the bolt tightening / releasing mechanism of the main body of the automatic tightening / loosening device is moved up and down by a predetermined amount. In the automatic bolt tightening / loosening method in which the bolts are tightened / loosened by the tightening / loosening tool to assemble / disassemble the mold, the distance from the bolt tightening mechanism to a predetermined portion of the mold is measured. Prior to the tightening / loosening work for the bolt by the tightening / loosening tool, the bolt tightening / releasing mechanism is relatively moved with respect to the mold so that the distance from the tightening / loosening tool to the bolt has a predetermined value. The bolt itself is characterized by being raised and lowered to the position for positioning. Since clamping is slow process, even if wear changes the support height of the mold by the rotating supports, always stable in bolt tightening loose the can be performed automatically.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of an automatic tightening / loosening device capable of performing an automatic bolt tightening / loosening method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the automatic tightening / loosening device.

FIG. 3 is a right side view of the automatic tightening / loosening device.

FIG. 4 is a partial rear view taken along arrow A in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a main part showing a situation when an automatic tightening / loosening work of a bolt is performed by the automatic tightening / loosening device.

FIG. 6 is a front view of a formwork capable of tightening and tightening bolts by the automatic tightening and loosening device.

FIG. 7 is a side view taken along the arrow B in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a detailed view of an arrow C portion in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Formwork 2 ... Tire (rotary support) 3 ... Bolt 5 ... Automatic tightening / loosening device 11 ... Lifting frame 22 ... Fastening / loosening tool 23 ... Socket 24 ... Main body 36 ... Distance sensor

Claims (1)

Claim: What is claimed is: 1. A bolt is provided at a position spaced a predetermined distance in the axial direction of the mold from a rotary support projecting in an annular shape on the outer peripheral surface of a separable cylindrical mold. The mold is relatively moved in the axial direction with respect to the main body of the automatic tightening / loosening device, and the tightening / loosening tool supported by the bolt tightening / loosening mechanism of the main body of the automatic tightening / loosening device is moved up and down by a predetermined amount. In an automatic bolt loosening method for assembling and disassembling the mold by loosening the bolt with a tightening / releasing tool, measuring the distance from the bolt tightening mechanism to a predetermined part of the mold to loosen the mold. Prior to the tightening / loosening work of the bolt by the tool, the bolt tightening / releasing mechanism is moved up and down relative to the mold so that the distance from the tightening / loosening tool to the bolt becomes a predetermined value. Automatic tightening and loosening of bolts characterized by positioning .