JPH0610634B2 - Portable vibration diagnostic device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus for diagnosing the operating state of a machine by detecting the vibration of the machine, and more particularly, to automatically determine the cause of abnormal vibration of the machine. The present invention relates to a diagnostic device capable of promptly diagnosing the operating state of a machine, easy to transport, and not limited to applicable machines.

[Conventional technology]

Vibration during operation of rotating machine such as rotating machine responds to the operating condition of the machine more sensitively than sound and temperature, and when abnormal vibration occurs during operation of the machine, abnormal vibration May increase and damage the bearings, rotating bodies, etc., so in high-speed rotating machines and large-capacity machines, the vibration of each of these machines is constantly monitored to ensure normal operation.
Diagnosis of abnormality is performed.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

Conventionally, the diagnosis of the operating state of the machine has been performed as described above, but in the conventional small portable vibration diagnosis device that performs such a diagnosis of the vibration state, the vibration of the machine is frequency analyzed. In this case, it is not possible to identify the cause of the abnormal vibration that occurred in the machine, just to determine the quality of the operating condition of the machine from each vibration amplitude of the obtained frequency spectrum. When an abnormal vibration occurs in the machine, the operator of the machine refers to the operation standard document of the machine in addition to the diagnosis result by the diagnostic device,
It is necessary to make the final diagnosis necessary to determine the proper countermeasures against abnormal vibration. That is, such a small-sized diagnostic device has a drawback in that a highly accurate diagnostic result cannot be quickly obtained.

For this reason, conventionally, a vibration diagnosis device capable of automatically diagnosing mechanical vibrations up to the cause of abnormal vibration has been adopted for large-scale mechanical devices that require high diagnostic accuracy.
Since this diagnostic device is generally used by being fixed to the large-sized mechanical device, there is a drawback that the diagnostic target machine is limited and the applicable range is narrow.

It is an object of the present invention to form a portable vibration diagnosing device capable of automatically determining the cause of abnormal vibration of a machine that makes periodical movements and quickly diagnosing the operating state of the machine. Therefore, it is to provide a vibration diagnosis apparatus whose application range is not limited.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a vibration detection unit that detects a vibration of a machine and outputs a detection signal corresponding to the detection result, and a frequency analysis for the detection signal that is input. And a signal processing unit for storing the frequency spectrum of the detection signal, and a setting operation for storing a diagnostic condition corresponding to the setting operation and a start operation for adding the first and second operations according to the start operation. An operation unit that outputs a start signal, and a predetermined primary diagnostic process for the overall value of the vibration amplitude of the dominant frequency component in the frequency spectrum that is started when the first start signal is input and is stored in the signal processing unit. And a primary diagnostic unit that outputs a primary diagnostic signal corresponding to the result and a diagnostic condition stored in the operation unit that is activated when the second activation signal is input and the signal processing unit. A secondary diagnostic unit that performs a predetermined secondary diagnostic process using the stored frequency spectrum, and outputs a secondary diagnostic signal according to the result, the diagnostic condition stored in the operation unit, and the primary diagnostic unit. A display unit for switching between a signal and the secondary diagnostic signal for display, and the signal processing unit, the operation unit, the primary and secondary diagnostic units, and the display unit are portable and integrated. Shall constitute a portable vibration diagnosis device.

[Action]

With the above configuration, the primary diagnostic signal can be a signal indicating whether the vibration of the machine is normal or abnormal, and the secondary diagnostic signal can be a signal indicating the cause of the abnormal vibration of the machine. Therefore, it is possible to perform the above-mentioned cause determination automatically and quickly perform a proper diagnosis for the operating state of the machine, and it is easy to carry and therefore the machine to be diagnosed is not limited to vibration diagnosis. The device will be obtained.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a perspective external view of the embodiment shown in FIG.

In both figures, reference numeral 1 denotes a vibration detection unit that detects vibration of a rotary machine, which is not shown, which is a periodic motion machine, and outputs a detection signal 1a according to the detection result. An electric vibration velocity detector may be used, or a piezoelectric vibration acceleration detector may be used. Then, when the former is used, the detection signal 1a becomes a signal corresponding to the speed of vibration, and when the latter is used, the signal 1a becomes a signal corresponding to the acceleration of vibration. It should be noted that a vibration detector having a vibration detection principle other than the vibration velocity detector and the vibration acceleration detector described above may be adopted as the detection unit 1. Further, since the detection signal 1a in this case is a signal corresponding to the vibration of the rotating machine, the signal 1a includes a vibration component having a frequency equal to the rotation speed of the rotating machine. 2 is an amplifier for amplifying the detection signal 1a, 3 is an amplifier 2
Output signal 2a and a sampling cycle designating signal 6a are input, and an A / D converter 4 which converts the signal 2a into a 16-bit digital signal 3a at the sampling cycle designated by the signal 6a and outputs the digital signal 3a is a digital signal 3a. And the analysis frequency band designation signal 6b are input, and the signal 3a is converted to the signal 6b.
Signal 4 corresponding to the frequency spectrum X obtained by performing frequency analysis over the frequency band specified by
Reference numeral 5 is a frequency analyzer for outputting a, and 5 is a frequency spectrum storage circuit for storing the signal 4a. 6 is the above signal 6
A control circuit for outputting a and 6b, and 7 is a signal processing unit including an amplifier 2, a converter 3, an analyzer 4, a storage circuit 5 and a control circuit 6. In the signal processing unit 7, each unit is configured as described above, so that the processing unit 7 outputs the detection signal 1
It can be said that a is input and frequency analysis is performed on the signal 1a to store the frequency spectrum X of the signal 1a. The control circuit 6 is configured to output the above-mentioned signals 6a and 6b as signals corresponding to the rated speed Nr of the machine to be diagnosed among the diagnosis conditions 9 stored in the operation unit 8 described later.

When a setting operation 81 described later is added, the diagnostic condition 9 corresponding to the operation is stored, and when a startup operation 82 described later is added, the first to third activation signals 8a, 8b, 8 corresponding to the operation are stored.
The operation unit 10 that outputs the display command signal 8d when the display command operation 83 described later is added
When a is input, the signal 4a stored in the storage circuit 5, in other words, the above-mentioned frequency spectrum X is subjected to a predetermined calculation, and the spectrum in the spectrum X, that is, the frequency component F ₁ in which the level of the frequency component is excellent, F ₂ ,
.., Fn, which is a predominant frequency component extraction unit, and 11 calculates the vibration amplitudes A _{1 to} An of each of these frequency components by performing calculations on the components F _{1 to} F _n according to the dimension of the detection signal 1a. This is a vibration amplitude calculation unit. The above-mentioned calculation in the calculation unit 11 is a calculation that is performed once when the dimension of the signal 1a is the vibration velocity, and is a calculation that is performed twice when the dimension of the signal 1a is the vibration acceleration. Reference numeral 12 is an overall value calculation unit for calculating the overall value OA represented by the equation (1) based on the above-mentioned amplitudes A _{1 to} An, and 13 is the above-mentioned overall value OA, which is subjected to a predetermined primary diagnosis process described later. A primary diagnostic processing unit that outputs a primary diagnostic signal 13a according to the result. When the activation signal 8a is input, 14 converts the above-mentioned frequency spectrum X stored in the storage circuit 5 into a vibration amplitude frequency spectrum Y, and The spectrum conversion unit outputs a spectrum signal 14a representing the spectrum Y. Then, reference numeral 15 is a primary diagnosis unit including the component extraction unit 10, the amplitude calculation unit 11, the overall value calculation unit 12, the diagnosis processing unit 13, and the conversion unit 14. In the diagnosis unit 15, each unit is configured as described above. Therefore, the diagnosis unit 15 is activated when the activation signal 8a is input, and the vibration amplitudes A _{1 to} An of the dominant frequency components F _{1 to} Fn in the frequency spectrum X stored in the signal processing unit 7 described above.
It is said that a predetermined primary diagnostic processing is performed on the overall value OA of No. 1 and the primary diagnostic signal 13a corresponding to the result is output and the spectrum signal 14a representing the vibration amplitude frequency spectrum Y corresponding to the spectrum X is output. be able to. The primary diagnosis unit 15 is also configured to output only the signal 14a without outputting the signal 13a when the third activation signal 8c is input.

K in the equation (1) is a constant corresponding to the type of time window used in the frequency analysis in the signal processing unit 7.

16 is activated when the above-described second activation signal 8b is input, and uses the diagnostic condition 9 stored in the operation unit 8 and the frequency spectrum X stored in the signal processing unit 7 to perform a predetermined operation described later. A secondary diagnostic unit that performs a secondary diagnostic process and outputs a secondary diagnostic signal 16a corresponding to the result, 17 is a diagnostic condition 9 stored in the operating unit 8, the secondary diagnostic signal 16a, and the primary diagnostic signal 1
3a and the spectrum signal 14a are switched and displayed, and this display unit 17 is configured to perform liquid crystal display. The display unit 17 displays the signal 1 when only the signal 14a is output from the primary diagnosis unit 15.
4a is only displayed, and signal 1
When the display command signal 8d is input while displaying 4a, the vibration mode of the frequency spectrum corresponding to the signal 8d in the display is added to the display of the signal 14a for display. Reference numeral 18 denotes a housing that accommodates the signal processing unit 7, the operation unit 8, the primary diagnostic unit 15, the secondary diagnostic unit 16, and the display unit 17 described above. 18b is provided. 18a is a housing 1
8 is a lid, and 19 is a vibration diagnosing device including the above-mentioned parts.

Next, the above-mentioned secondary diagnostic processing operation performed by the diagnostic unit 16 will be described with reference to the configuration diagram of the secondary diagnostic unit 16 shown in FIG. That is, in FIG. 3, 20 is the maximum prominent frequency component extraction unit that extracts the frequency component Fm having the maximum spectrum level from the prominent frequency components F _{1 to} Fn extracted by the extraction unit 10, and 21 is the diagnostic condition 9. The rated rotation speed Nr of the rotating machine included and the frequency spectrum X stored in the signal processing unit 7 are compared, and the spectrum frequency F ₀ (hereinafter referred to as The frequency F ₀ is sometimes referred to as a rotation frequency.) Is a rotation frequency extraction unit for calculating the ratio of the frequency Fm extracted by the extraction unit 20 to the rotation frequency F ₀ extracted by the extraction unit 21. Is a harmonic order calculation unit that calculates the harmonic order Hm of Fm with respect to F ₀ . 23 is the frequency of the vibration amplitudes A _{1 to} An calculated by the calculation unit 11.
In the vibration amplitude extraction unit for extracting the amplitude Am corresponding to Fm, a ratio Rm between the amplitude Am extracted by the extraction unit 23 and the overall value OA calculated by the overall value calculation unit 12 (hereinafter, this ratio Rm is The peak ratio is sometimes referred to as a peak ratio.) Is calculated by the peak ratio calculation unit 24.

Reference numeral 25 is a diagnostic reference pattern storage circuit in which the cause of abnormal vibration occurring in the rotating machine to be diagnosed, which is assumed based on the above-mentioned harmonic order Hm and peak ratio Rm, is stored.
6 is a cause of an abnormal vibration expected according to Hme and Rme using the actual harmonic order Hme calculated by the calculation unit 22, the actual peak ratio Rme calculated by the calculation unit 24, and the stored contents of the storage circuit 25. G is extracted, and if there is only one G, the signal 26a corresponding to this G is output as the above-mentioned secondary diagnosis signal 16a, and if there are a plurality of causes G, the re-diagnosis command signal 2
6b is a first abnormal vibration cause extraction unit, and when the command signal 26b is input, 27 is an extraction unit 26 that uses the actual harmonic order Hme, the actual peak ratio Rme, and the diagnostic condition 9. A second one which extracts one of the plurality of extracted abnormal vibration causes G and outputs a signal 27a corresponding to the extracted one cause G as the above-mentioned secondary diagnostic signal 16a
This is an abnormal vibration cause extraction unit. The secondary diagnosis unit 16 is composed of the respective units shown in FIG. 3 excluding the signal processing unit 7, the operation unit 8 and the display unit 17, and these respective units are respectively configured as described above and the diagnosis unit. Since the extraction units 10 and 21 are activated by the activation signal 8b being input to the diagnostic unit 16, the diagnostic unit 16 operates as described above.
When the activation signal 8b is input, the secondary diagnosis process described above is performed using the diagnostic condition 9 stored in the operation unit 8 and the frequency spectrum X stored in the signal processing unit 7, and the result is determined according to the result. It outputs the secondary diagnostic signal 16a.

Next, a work procedure for vibration diagnosis of a rotary machine by the above-described vibration diagnosis apparatus 19 and an operation of the apparatus 19 accompanying the procedure will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

That is, the power switch 2 provided on the operation unit 8 of the device 19
8 is operated to turn on the device 19, the diagnostic condition 9
Since the condition setting pattern 91 shown in FIG. 4 (a) for setting a part of the cursor on the operation unit 8 is first displayed on the display unit 17, the cursor movement key 29 and the ten-key pad provided on the operation unit 8 are displayed here. 30 and 30 are used to set the necessary diagnostic conditions in the mouth-shaped portion of the pattern 91. Then, these diagnostic conditions are stored in a storage circuit (not shown) in the operation unit 8.
Next, when the preparation key 31a of the four soft keys 31 on the display unit 17 is pressed, the display of the display unit 17 displays the remaining portion of the diagnostic condition 9 for inputting to the storage circuit of the operation unit 8, for example. Condition setting pattern 92 shown in FIG. 4 (b)
Then, by using the keys 29 and 30 again, the necessary diagnostic condition is set in the mouth-shaped portion of the pattern 92. Then, like the previous time, these diagnostic conditions are stored in the storage circuit, and the setting of all diagnostic conditions for the vibration diagnostic device 19 is completed. The pattern 92 has a different form depending on the condition setting in the pattern 91.
FIG. 4B shows a pattern displayed when the rotating electric machine is set as the diagnosis target machine in FIG. 4A.

When the setting of the diagnostic condition is completed, next, the primary diagnostic key 31b of the soft keys 31 is pressed. Then, since the operation unit 8 outputs the first activation signal 8a, the primary diagnosis unit 15 performs the above-described operation and the signals 13a and 14a are output from the diagnosis unit 15, and as a result, the display of the display unit 17 is Signal 13a
And 14a, the display pattern is switched to the primary diagnostic result display pattern shown in FIG. 4 (c). Then, in this case, in the primary diagnosis processing unit 13, the overall value OA calculated by the overall value calculation unit 12 is calculated.
Is diagnosed based on the diagnostic criteria such as VDI ₂₀₅₆ and ISO _{2732. In} these diagnostic criteria, the rated speed Nr of the rotary machine to be diagnosed is used as a parameter for the above-mentioned O
From A, the vibration state of the machine is evaluated in three stages of "good", "caution", and "danger".
The result of the above-described three-step evaluation is displayed in the portion corresponding to the primary diagnostic signal 13a in (c). Also,
The A-F line diagram 32 in FIG. 4 (c) shows the vibration amplitude frequency spectrum Y corresponding to the spectrum signal 14a.
In this case, if the above-mentioned cursor movement key 29 in the operation unit 8 is operated to bring the cursor 33 in the diagram 32 into coincidence with the desired spectrum 34, then a predetermined operation is performed on the key 29. From the operation unit 8, the above-mentioned display command signal 8d corresponding to the position of the frequency F on the diagram 32 of the spectrum 34 is output. Then, the diagnostic device 1
In FIG. 9, since the display unit 17 operates as described above by the input of the signal 8d, the frequency and vibration amplitude of the spectrum 34 are displayed on the lower side of the diagram 32 as shown in FIG. Further, in this case, if the diagram 32 is the frequency spectrum obtained by inputting the detection signal 1a to the signal processing unit 7 by the trigger signal, the spectrum 3
The phase from the trigger signal of 4 is also displayed.

Now, when the primary diagnostic key 31b is pressed, the diagnostic processing unit 13
There is no problem if the vibration state of the rotating machine is diagnosed as “good”, but if the diagnostic processing unit 13 outputs a diagnosis result of “caution” or “danger”, prompt measures are taken for the rotating machine. "Caution" or "Danger" because it must be
It is necessary to investigate the cause of the abnormal vibration that brought about the diagnostic result of. Therefore, in this case, when the secondary diagnosis key 31c of the soft keys 31 is pressed, the operation unit 8 outputs the second activation signal 8b, so that the secondary diagnosis unit 16 performs the above-described operation to perform the secondary diagnosis signal 16a. Is output from the diagnostic unit 16, and as a result, the display on the display unit 17 is switched to the secondary diagnostic result display pattern shown in FIG. 4D as a display pattern according to the signal 16a. Then, the respective output signals 26 of the abnormal vibration cause extraction units 26 and 27 forming the signal 16a
The cause of one abnormal vibration represented by a and 27a is displayed in the display pattern of FIG. 4 (d).

Therefore, according to the vibration diagnostic device 19, it is possible to automatically diagnose whether or not the vibration of the rotating machine is normal by the primary diagnostic signal 13a, and the secondary diagnostic signal 16a.
Since the cause of the abnormal vibration of the rotating machine can be automatically identified by the above, it is possible to quickly perform a proper diagnosis for the operating state of the rotating machine. In addition,
As described above, the diagnostic device 19 is configured to be portable because all the parts except the vibration detection unit 1 are housed in the housing 18, so that the diagnostic device 19 is easily transported and the diagnostic target machine is limited. It is clear that it is a vibration diagnosis device that does not exist.

In the diagnostic device 19, when the SP key 31d of the soft keys 31 is pressed, the operation unit 8 outputs the third activation signal 8c. At this time, the diagnostic unit 15 outputs the spectrum signal 1
Only 4a is output, and as a result, only the diagram corresponding to the above A-F diagram 32 is displayed on the display unit 17. Then, also in this case, the operation mode of the cursor movement key 29 causes the display section 17 to display the desired vibration mode of the spectrum together with the diagram. Reference numeral 35 in FIG. 2 indicates the display unit 1.
Signals 13a, 14a, 16a and 9 input to 7 are output to the outside of the diagnostic device 19, and 36 in FIG. 2 is a battery as a power source of the device 19.

The configuration and operation of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are as described above, but in the present invention, the output function of the third activation signal 8c and the output function of the display command signal 8d in the operation unit 8 are provided. In this case, the function of outputting only the signal 14a of the primary diagnosis unit 15 becomes unnecessary, and the display unit 17 displays the vibration mode of the single vibration amplitude frequency spectrum. The function to do is also unnecessary. Further, in the present invention, the housing 18 shown in FIG. 2 is not always necessary, and the signal processing unit 7, the operation unit 8, the primary and secondary diagnostic units 15, 16 and the display unit 17 shown in FIG. It suffices that and are integrated so that they can be carried. Furthermore, in the present invention, the secondary diagnostic unit 1
6 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 3, and it is apparent from the above that the present invention can be applied to the diagnosis of machines having periodic motions other than rotating machines.
Then, further, it is apparent from the above-mentioned place that the output function of the spectrum signal 14a in the primary diagnosis unit 15 may not be necessary in the present invention.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, in the present invention, the vibration detection unit that detects the vibration of the machine and outputs the detection signal corresponding to the detection result, and the detection signal is input and frequency analysis is performed on the detection signal. A signal processing unit that stores the frequency spectrum of the detection signal, and stores a diagnostic condition according to the setting operation when the setting operation is applied, and outputs first and second starting signals according to the starting operation when the starting operation is added. The operating section for
When the activation signal is input, it is activated to perform a predetermined primary diagnostic process on the overall value of the vibration amplitude of the predominant frequency component in the frequency spectrum stored in the signal processing unit, and to output the primary diagnostic signal according to the result. A predetermined secondary diagnostic process is performed using the diagnostic unit, the diagnostic condition that is activated when the second activation signal is input and is stored in the operation unit, and the frequency spectrum stored in the signal processing unit, and the result is determined according to the result. A secondary diagnostic unit that outputs a secondary diagnostic signal, and a display unit that switches and displays the diagnostic conditions stored in the operating unit, the primary diagnostic signal, and the secondary diagnostic signal, and a signal processing unit and an operating unit. The portable vibration diagnosis device is configured such that the primary and secondary diagnostic units and the display unit are portable and integrated.

Therefore, with the above configuration, the primary diagnostic signal can be a signal indicating whether the vibration of the machine is normal or abnormal, and the secondary diagnostic signal is a signal indicating the cause of the abnormal vibration of the machine. Therefore, according to the present invention, the cause of abnormal vibration of a machine can be automatically determined, and a proper diagnosis for the operating state of the machine can be quickly performed. There is an effect that the target machine is not limited.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective external view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a detailed configuration diagram of essential parts in the embodiment shown in FIG. , (A) in FIG.
Each of (b), (c), and (d) is a view for explaining a different display operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 ... Vibration detection unit, 1a ... Detection signal, 7 ... Signal processing unit, 8 ... Operation unit, 8a ... First activation signal, 8b ... Second activation signal, 9 ... Diagnostic condition, 13a ... ... primary diagnostic signal, 14a ... spectrum signal, 15 ... primary diagnostic section, 16 ... secondary diagnostic section, 16a ... secondary diagnostic signal, 1
7 ... Display, 19 ... Vibration diagnostic device, 81 ... Setting operation, 82 ... Startup operation, X ... Frequency spectrum, Y
…… Vibration amplitude frequency spectrum.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A vibration detector for detecting a vibration of a machine and outputting a detection signal in accordance with the detection result, and a frequency of the detection signal inputted to the detection signal for frequency analysis. A signal processing unit that stores a spectrum, and a first and second corresponding to the starting operation when a setting operation is added, a diagnostic condition corresponding to the setting operation is stored, and a starting operation is added.
An operation unit that outputs a start signal, and a predetermined primary diagnostic process for the overall value of the vibration amplitude of the dominant frequency component in the frequency spectrum that is started when the first start signal is input and stored in the signal processing unit. And a primary diagnostic unit that outputs a primary diagnostic signal according to the result, and a diagnostic condition stored in the operation unit that is started when the second startup signal is input and stored in the signal processing unit. A secondary diagnostic unit that performs a predetermined secondary diagnostic process using the frequency spectrum and outputs a secondary diagnostic signal corresponding to the result, the diagnostic condition stored in the operating unit, the primary diagnostic signal, and the secondary diagnostic signal. A display unit for switching and displaying a secondary diagnostic signal, wherein the signal processing unit, the operation unit, the primary and secondary diagnostic units, and the display unit are portable and integrated. That portable vibration diagnostic equipment.