JPH06153054A - Automatic focus adjustment device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] It is to realize an automatic focus adjustment operation that can appropriately distinguish the main subject from the background in any shooting situation and that is quick and free from malfunctions such as hunting. An image pickup device for photoelectrically converting a subject image formed by an optical system, a filter for extracting a predetermined signal component from an image pickup signal output from the image pickup device, and a plurality of positions in a screen. A gate circuit for extracting the output signal of the filter, an adder for selecting and adding at least two signals of the plurality of signals corresponding to the plurality of positions extracted by the gate circuit, and the addition thereof An automatic focus adjustment device comprising: a control unit that controls the focus state of the optical system based on the result.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an automatic focusing device suitable for use in a video camera or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as an automatic focusing device used in a video device such as a video camera, a high-frequency component representing a focus state, that is, a sharpness of a subject image is detected from a video signal obtained from an image sensor such as a CCD. A so-called "mountain climbing" focus control method is known in which the photographing lens is driven so as to maximize the high-frequency component for focusing.

Such an automatic focus adjustment system does not require a special optical member for focus adjustment, as compared with a so-called active type automatic focus adjustment device which irradiates infrared rays and detects the reflected light. The advantage is that even a distant subject can be accurately focused regardless of the distance to the subject. Fig. 1 shows this type of automatic focusing system.
Will be explained.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a focus lens that moves in the direction of the optical axis to perform focus adjustment, and reference numeral 2 is an image pickup signal obtained by photoelectrically converting a subject image formed on the image pickup surface by the focus lens. An image pickup device such as a CCD for outputting 3 is an amplifier that amplifies the image pickup signal output from the image pickup device 2 to a predetermined level, and 4 is standardized by performing a predetermined signal processing on the image pickup signal output from the amplifier 3. A camera process circuit 5 for converting to a standard television signal and outputting the signal is a bandpass filter (hereinafter referred to as B) for extracting a high-frequency component that changes according to the focus state from the image pickup signal output from the amplifier 4.
PF), 6 is a gate circuit for extracting and extracting only the signal corresponding to the range set as the focus detection area within the imaging screen for the high frequency component extracted by the band pass filter 5. Reference numeral 7 is a peak hold circuit that holds a peak at an interval synchronized with the vertical synchronizing signal of the high frequency component signal corresponding to the inside of the focus detection area that has passed through the gate circuit 6, that is, an integral multiple of the field period. Hereinafter, the peak value of the high frequency component output from this peak hold circuit will be referred to as the focus voltage B.

Reference numeral 8 is a motor direction discriminating circuit for discriminating the driving direction of the focus lens driving motor from the peak value output from the peak hold circuit, that is, the level change of the focus voltage B. This is for setting the waste motor drive direction. Reference numeral 9 is a motor speed determination circuit that determines the drive speed of the focus lens drive motor according to the degree of focus from the level of the focus voltage B. If it is determined from the level of the focus voltage B that the image is out of focus, The focus lens driving motor is driven at a high speed, and the motor speed is set so as to be driven at a low speed when it is determined that the focus lens is close to the in-focus point and is in the small blur state. By these operations, so-called "mountain climbing" control which has been conventionally known is performed.

A motor driver 10 drives the focus lens driving motor 11 based on the determination results of the motor direction determination circuit 8 and the motor speed determination circuit 9. Again 1
Reference numeral 2 is a focus encoder that detects the moving position of the focus lens 1.

Since the motor direction determination circuit 8 does not know the direction in which the focus voltage B becomes maximum at first, the focus direction B is driven in an appropriate direction for the time being so that the direction in which the focus voltage B increases can be determined. Continue to drive the motor until. If the focus lens 1 hits the end of the movement range during this period, the focus encoder 12 determines this and reverses the driving direction of the motor.

[0008]

However, according to the above-described automatic focus adjustment device, only the signal corresponding to the range set in the focus detection area in the screen by the gate circuit 6 is extracted and the peak hold is performed. Since the circuit 7 holds the largest value in the signal, the focus detection operation is performed only at the position of one point with the highest contrast in the focus detection area. However, there is a problem that the automatic focus adjustment operation becomes unstable, because the transfer is likely to occur.

Further, in order to evaluate the inside of the focus detection area uniformly, when the person of the main subject and its background are mixed in the focus detection area, it becomes uncertain which one is in focus.
If a focus detection area is set to be optimum under a certain shooting condition in order to prevent so-called near-far conflict, there is a drawback that other shooting conditions cause inconvenience.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a good automatic focus adjusting device for any subject quickly and without malfunction such as hunting.

[0011]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, according to the automatic focusing apparatus of the present invention, the subject image formed by the optical system is photoelectrically converted to output the image pickup signal. An image pickup means, a filter means for extracting a predetermined signal component from the image pickup signal output from the image pickup means, a gate means for extracting output signals of the filter means corresponding to a plurality of positions in a screen, and the gate Calculating means for selecting and adding at least two signals out of a plurality of signals corresponding to the plurality of positions extracted by the means, and controlling the focus state of the optical system based on the calculation result by the calculating means. And a control means for

According to the automatic focusing apparatus of the present invention, the image pickup means for photoelectrically converting the subject image formed by the optical system and outputting the image pickup signal, and the image pickup signal outputted by the image pickup means Filter means for extracting a predetermined signal component, gate means for extracting output signals of the filter means corresponding to a plurality of positions in the screen, and a plurality of signals corresponding to the plurality of positions by the gate means. A plurality of amplifiers for amplifying each with a predetermined amplification factor,
Control means for controlling the amplification factor of each amplifier according to the operating state of the optical system; and operation means for selecting and adding at least two signals from the plurality of signals amplified by the plurality of amplifiers. , Control means for controlling the focus state of the optical system based on the calculation result by the calculation means.

[0013]

As a result, the main subject can be appropriately discriminated from the background for any subject, and the automatic focus adjustment operation can be realized promptly and free from malfunctions such as hunting.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The embodiments of the automatic focusing apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the construction of the first embodiment of the automatic focusing apparatus according to the present invention. The same components as those of the above-mentioned conventional example are designated by the same reference numerals and their detailed description will be omitted. To do.

In the figure, 13 is a zoom lens for varying the focal length to vary the magnification, 14 is a zoom encoder for detecting the zoom lens position, that is, the focal length, 15 is a diaphragm for varying the amount of light incident on the image pickup device, 16 Is an aperture encoder for detecting an aperture value, and 17 is a lens for image formation.

The signal obtained by extracting the high frequency component from the image pickup signal by the BPF 5 is supplied to each of the focus detection areas by a plurality of gate circuits 6A to 6XX for setting a plurality of focus detection areas on the image pickup screen. The signals in the range corresponding to are extracted and peak-held by the peak-hold circuits 7A to 7XX connected to the subsequent stages of the gate circuits at intervals synchronized with an integral multiple of the vertical synchronizing signal.

Then, each of the peak hold circuits 7A to 7XX
The signal peak-held by the switch 18A
To 18XX for amplifiers 19A _{1 to} 19XX, respectively.
_It is selectively switched whether it is supplied to ₁ or to the amplifiers 19A _{2 to} 19XX ₂ . Also switch 18
A to 18XX are switching-controlled based on the output of the zoom encoder 14, that is, the position information of the zoom lens 13.

Here, the amplifiers 19A _{1 to} 19XX ₁ amplify the outputs of the peak hold circuits 7A to 7XX with a predetermined gain set for each amplifier. The outputs of these amplifiers are input to the rearrangement circuit 20 and rearranged in order of increasing level, and their output terminals 20A to 20A are arranged.
The data is output in the order from XX to XX. Among the outputs of the rearrangement circuit 20, from 1 to N (N is an arbitrary integer greater than or equal to 1 and N = X is shown in the embodiment) in descending order,
The signals are input to the amplifiers 21A to 21X and amplified with a predetermined gain. The signals amplified by the amplifiers 21A to 21X are input to the adder 22 where they are added and output as a final signal indicating the degree of focus.

Based on this signal, it is supplied to the motor driver through the motor direction determination circuit 8 and the motor speed determination circuit 9 in the same manner as the automatic focus adjusting device described in the conventional example, and the focus lens 1 is driven. , The automatic focus adjustment operation is performed.

As shown in FIG. 2, the gate circuits 6A to 6XX have their gates so as to extract image pickup signals corresponding to a plurality of focus detection areas A to XX obtained by dividing the image pickup screen on a grid as shown in FIG. The opening / closing timing is set.

Next, amplifiers 19A _{1 to} 19XX ₁ and 19A
The gain setting of _{2 to} 19XX ₂ will be described with reference to FIG. 3. The gain setting of the amplifiers 19A _{1 to} 19XX ₁ is set so that the central portion in the screen is large and the peripheral portion is small as shown in FIG. When the setting is made, the weighting of the focus detection information in the central portion of the screen is increased to perform the focus detection of the center weight.

If the gains of the amplifiers 19A _{2 to} 19XX ₂ are set uniformly as shown in FIG. 3B, the focus is detected on the entire screen evenly.

Switching of those screens, that is, switching of each amplifier is performed according to the value of the zoom encoder 14, and when the focal length is "wide", focus detection is performed at the center shown in FIG. 3 (a). When focusing on "tele", which has a long focal length, installs so that focus detection is performed on average.

That is, on the "wide" side, the angle of view is wide and the proportion of the main subject occupying the screen tends to be small, so that objects other than the main subject are not mixed in the focus detection area. The weighting of the central portion where the subject is highly likely to occur is increased to set the central weight.

When on the "tele" side, the main subject occupies a large proportion in the screen and the depth of field becomes shallow. Therefore, it is better to detect the focus on the entire screen evenly so that the boundary between the main subject and the background is closer. It is based on the idea that it can be clearly discriminated and the main subject can be properly focused.

Next, the gain setting of the amplifiers 21A to 21N (N = X) will be described.

The gain of the amplifier 21A is GA, and the gain of the amplifier 21A is
The gain of B is GB, the gain of the amplifier 21 is GC, ...,
When the gain of the amplifier 21X is GX, GA <GB <GC <... <GX is set so that the gate signals from the 1st to N (= X) th are averaged and the 1st to Nth (=
The weighting of the signals up to the (X) th can be made more equal and supplied to the adder 20.

In the above embodiment, the peak hold circuit may be an integrating circuit for 7A to 7XX.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

According to the first embodiment described above, the switch 1
Switching from 8A to 18XX is performed based on the value of the zoom encoder, that is, the focal length, but according to this embodiment,
The switches 18A to 18XX are switched based on the position information of the focus lens 1 detected by the focus encoder 12, that is, the subject distance information.

That is, the gain is set by selectively switching between the amplifiers 19A _{1 to} 19XX ₁ and the amplifiers 19A _{2 to} 19XX ₂ based on the output of the focus encoder 12. Is.

Thus, when the subject is at a short distance (especially in macro photography), the focus detection is center-weighted to prevent perspective conflict between the background and the main subject, and when the subject is at a long distance, Especially when it is close to infinity, the focus is almost on the whole, so it is configured to detect the focus evenly on the screen, and to perform the focus detection stably and without malfunction regardless of the state of the subject. be able to.

FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, according to the third embodiment of the present invention, the switches 19A to 19A in the first embodiment of FIG.
Switching of 9XX is supplied to the amplifiers 19A _{1 to} 19XX ₁ or to the amplifiers 19A _{2 to} 19XX ₂ according to the output of the diaphragm encoder 16 that detects the state of the diaphragm that adjusts the amount of incident light, that is, the aperture value information. Or selectively switched. By changing the gain of these amplifiers as described above, it is expected that the field will be dark and it will be difficult to focus when the aperture is open. Set a focus detection area that focuses on the center of the image because the subject is bright and the main subject is well focused when the aperture is small. This makes it possible to perform an appropriate focus detection operation according to the situation.

FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

In the above-described embodiment, the output of the zoom encoder is the center-focused focus detection mode in which the weighting of the central portion of the screen is increased, and the average focus detection mode in which the weights of the focus detection areas in the screen are substantially uniform. That is, the case has been described in which the switching is performed based on the focal length, the output of the focus encoder, that is, the subject distance, or the output of the aperture encoder, that is, the aperture value.
In the present embodiment, switching can be arbitrarily performed by external input, that is, by the operator's will.

In the figure, the difference from FIG. 1 is that the signals peak-held by the respective peak-hold circuits 7A to 7XX are supplied to the amplifiers 19A _{1 to} 19XX ₁ or to the amplifiers 19A _{2 to} 19XX ₂ . The point is that the switches 18A to 18XX for selectively switching whether or not to supply are switched and controlled by the external input 23.

As a result, the operator operates the external input 23 to arbitrarily switch the switches 18A to 18A depending on the photographing environment at that time.
It is possible to switch 18XX and change each weighting of a plurality of focus detection areas of the screen to always perform an optimum automatic focus adjustment operation.

Regarding the focus adjustment operation and the setting operation such as weighting control of the focus detection area of the screen, the above-mentioned first to first
Since it is similar to the third embodiment, the description is omitted.

Further, in order to avoid confusion with the above-described first to third embodiments, the illustration of the zoom lens, zoom encoder, diaphragm, diaphragm encoder and the like is omitted in this embodiment.

Next, a fifth embodiment of the automatic focusing apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In the figure, parts having the same configurations as those shown in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

In the above embodiment, the weighting pattern of each of the plurality of focus detection areas set in the image pickup screen is changed by various encoders indicating the state of the optical system or an external operation, and the focus detection adapted to the photographing state is performed. Although the area can be set, the fifth embodiment of the present invention described below rearranges the circuit 20 according to the state of the optical system, for example, the focal length information detected by the zoom encoder 14. The output number N of is selected.

That is, in the figure, the output voltages 20A to 20N (N = X) of the rearrangement circuit are, as described above, the focus voltages supplied from the amplifiers 19A _{1 to} 19XX ₁ or 19A _{2 to} 19XX _{2 in} descending order. 20A to 20N, and these output signals are output to the amplifier 21.
A to 21N (= X) and amplified by the gains respectively set, and then added by the adder 22 and supplied to the motor direction determination circuit 8 and the motor speed determination circuit 9 as a final focus signal. To be done.

The focal length information is supplied from the zoom encoder 14 to the rearrangement circuit 20. Based on this information, the rearrangement circuit 20 is output in descending order.
The output number N of is changed and set.

Further, the signals peak-held by the peak-hold circuits 7A to 7XX are respectively fed to the amplifier 1
9A _{1 to} 19XX ₁ or amplifier 19A ₂ to 1
The selection of whether to supply to 9XX ₂ is performed by switching the switches 18A to 18XX by the external input 23 as shown in FIG. 6, whereby the operator operates the external input 23. The switches 18A to 18XX can be arbitrarily switched according to the shooting environment at that time, and each weighting of a plurality of focus detection areas of the screen can be changed to always perform an optimum automatic focus adjustment operation.

Therefore, according to the operator, as shown in FIG.
After the weighting pattern of each focus detection area as shown in (b) is selected, the number N of outputs of the rearrangement circuit 20 is further changed according to the focal length, and the weighting corresponding to each focus detection area is performed. N pieces are selected in descending order of the focus voltage, and are supplied to the adder 22 via the amplifiers 21A to 21N (= X).

When the focal length is on the "wide" side, the ratio of the main subject to the screen is small, and when the range is widened, the focus detection area contains a mixture of objects other than the main subject. Since competition is likely to occur, N is set to be small, and a plurality of focus detection areas in the imaging screen are
The number used for focus detection is reduced, and the focus detection operation is performed using only a small number of regions with high focus voltage.

Further, when the focal length is long and is on the "tele" side, the ratio of the main subject to the screen becomes large, so N is increased to detect focus among a plurality of focus detection areas in the image pickup screen. The number to be used is increased so that the information effective for focus detection such as the outline of the main subject can be reliably captured.

As a result, the main subject can be properly focused in any photographing situation.

Next, FIG. 8 shows the configuration of a sixth embodiment of the automatic focus adjusting device according to the present invention.

In the figure, parts having the same structure as that shown in FIG. 7 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

According to the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the output number N of the rearrangement circuit 20 is determined based on the value of the zoom encoder 14, that is, the focal length, but according to the present embodiment shown in FIG. The output number N of the rearrangement circuit 20 is set based on the position information of the focus lens 1 detected by the focus encoder 12, that is, the object distance information.

That is, the output number N of the rearrangement circuit 20 is controlled on the basis of the output of the focus encoder 12, and when the subject is in a short distance, the perspective competition with the background is prevented, and it exists in the center of the screen. To ensure that the main subject is in focus, reduce N to reduce the number used for focus detection among multiple focus detection areas in the imaging screen, and reliably capture the main subject without including the background portion. Set it so that you can.

Further, when the subject is at a long distance, particularly near infinity, it is easy to focus on almost the entire area. Therefore, N is increased and the focus of the plurality of focus detection areas in the image pickup screen is increased. The number of areas used for detection is increased to perform an average focus detection operation on the entire screen.

As a result, the main subject can be properly focused in any photographing situation.

FIG. 9 shows a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, the same components as those in the above-mentioned respective embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

According to the present embodiment, the setting of the number of outputs N of the rearrangement circuit 20 is made variable according to the output of the diaphragm encoder 16 for detecting the state of the diaphragm 15 for adjusting the incident light amount, that is, the diaphragm value information. Since it is expected that the field of view will be dark and it will be difficult to focus when the aperture is fully opened, the focus detection area in the screen is increased by increasing N to perform an average focus detection operation in the screen. Since it is expected that the field will be bright at the time of a small aperture and that the main subject can be sufficiently focused, the focus detection area is reduced by reducing N to focus on a small number of focus detection areas considered to be the main subject. The focus detection operation can be performed.

Thus, the optimum number of N values, that is, the number of focus detection areas can be set in descending order of the focus voltage for shooting a bright object and for shooting a dark object, respectively. In the environment, it is possible to always realize stable and automatic focus detection operation without hunting.

[0061]

As described above, a plurality of focus detection areas are provided, a plurality of focus detection signals output from each focus detection area are amplified by respective predetermined amplification factors, and then at least two signals are selected. In an automatic focus detection device for adding the final focus detection signals, the weighting of the plurality of focus detection areas or the pattern of the focus detection areas can be changed based on encoder information of the optical system or the intention of the operator. By doing so, it is possible to automatically select the focus on any place on the screen or to measure the average distance automatically, and it is fast and stable without any hunting for any subject. This enables the automatic focus detection operation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of an automatic focusing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a layout of a plurality of focus detection areas of an image pickup screen set by a gate circuit in the automatic focus adjustment device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the gain setting of the amplifier according to the position of the image pickup screen in the automatic focus adjustment device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the automatic focus adjustment device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a third embodiment of the automatic focus adjustment device of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the automatic focus adjustment device of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the automatic focus adjustment device of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a sixth embodiment of the automatic focus adjustment device of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a seventh embodiment of the automatic focus adjusting device of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of a conventional automatic essential point adjusting device.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. An image pickup means for photoelectrically converting a subject image formed by an optical system to output an image pickup signal, and a filter for extracting a predetermined signal component from the image pickup signal outputted by the image pickup means. Means, gate means for extracting output signals of the filter means corresponding to a plurality of positions in the screen, and at least two signals among a plurality of signals corresponding to the plurality of positions extracted by the gate means. An automatic focus adjusting device comprising: a calculating unit that selects and adds and a control unit that controls a focus state of the optical system based on a calculation result of the calculating unit. 2. An image pickup means for photoelectrically converting a subject image formed by an optical system to output an image pickup signal, and a filter for extracting a predetermined signal component from the image pickup signal outputted by the image pickup means. Means, gate means for extracting output signals of the filter means corresponding to a plurality of positions in the screen, and a plurality of signals corresponding to the plurality of positions extracted by the gate means at predetermined amplification factors. A plurality of amplifiers for amplifying, selection means for selecting at least two signals from the plurality of signals amplified by the plurality of amplifiers respectively, and a plurality of positions corresponding to the plurality of positions selected by the selection means. Calculating means for selecting and adding at least two signals among the signals, and controlling means for controlling the focus state of the optical system based on the calculation result by the calculating means, An automatic focusing device characterized by being equipped with. 3. An image pickup device for photoelectrically converting a subject image formed by an optical system to output an image pickup signal, and a filter for extracting a predetermined signal component from the image pickup signal outputted by the image pickup device. Means, gate means for extracting output signals of the filter means corresponding to a plurality of positions in the screen, and at least two signals selected from a plurality of signals corresponding to the plurality of positions extracted by the gate means Selecting means, a plurality of amplifiers for amplifying the signals selected by the selecting means respectively at a predetermined amplification factor, a calculating means for adding a plurality of signals output from the amplifier, and a calculation result by the calculating means Control means for controlling the focus state of the optical system based on the above. 4. An image pickup means for photoelectrically converting a subject image formed by an optical system to output an image pickup signal, and a filter for extracting a predetermined signal component from the image pickup signal outputted by the image pickup means. Means, gate means for extracting output signals of the filter means corresponding to a plurality of positions in the screen, and a plurality of signals corresponding to the plurality of positions extracted by the gate means at predetermined amplification factors. A plurality of amplifiers to be amplified, control means for controlling the amplification factor of each of the amplifiers according to an external command, and at least two signals are selected from a plurality of signals amplified by the plurality of amplifiers. An automatic focus adjusting device comprising: an arithmetic unit for adding and a control unit for controlling a focus state of the optical system based on an arithmetic result by the arithmetic unit. 5. An image pickup means for photoelectrically converting a subject image formed by an optical system to output an image pickup signal, and a filter for extracting a predetermined signal component from the image pickup signal outputted by the image pickup means. Means, gate means for extracting output signals of the filter means corresponding to a plurality of positions in the screen, and a plurality of signals corresponding to the plurality of positions extracted by the gate means at predetermined amplification factors. A plurality of amplifiers for amplifying, control means for controlling the amplification factor of each of the amplifiers according to the operating state of the optical system, and at least two signals selected from the plurality of signals amplified by each of the plurality of amplifiers. The automatic focus adjusting device is provided with: a calculating unit that adds and adds, and a control unit that controls a focus state of the optical system based on a calculation result by the calculating unit. 6. An image pickup means for photoelectrically converting a subject image formed by an optical system to output an image pickup signal, and a filter for extracting a predetermined signal component from the image pickup signal outputted by the image pickup means. Means, gate means for extracting output signals of the filter means corresponding to a plurality of positions in the screen, and N of the plurality of signals corresponding to the plurality of positions extracted by the gate means (N is an integer) ) Selecting means for selecting the number of signals, setting means for setting the number N selected by the selecting means according to the operating state of the optical system, and N signals selected by the selecting means An automatic focus adjusting device, comprising: a calculating unit that adds the value of ???