JPH06171974A - Glass body having refractive index distribution - Google Patents
Glass body having refractive index distributionInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06171974A JPH06171974A JP34545892A JP34545892A JPH06171974A JP H06171974 A JPH06171974 A JP H06171974A JP 34545892 A JP34545892 A JP 34545892A JP 34545892 A JP34545892 A JP 34545892A JP H06171974 A JPH06171974 A JP H06171974A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- distribution
- refractive index
- glass body
- glass
- rare earth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004031 devitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、屈折率分布を有したガ
ラス体に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a glass body having a refractive index distribution.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、屈折率分布を有したガラス体に
は、イオン交換法によるＬｉ，Ｃｓ，Ｔｌ等のアルカリ
金属に濃度分布を有したセルフォック、分子スタッフィ
ング法によるＬｉ，Ｃｓ，Ｔｌ等に濃度分布を有したガ
ラス体（特公昭６０−５４８９１号公報）、ゾルゲル法
によるＰｂ、ＴｉまたはＧｅに濃度分布を有したガラス
体がある（特開平３−２９５８１８号公報、特開昭６０
−１４５９１７号公報、特開昭６０−１４５９８号公
報）。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a glass body having a refractive index distribution has a self-foam having a concentration distribution in alkali metals such as Li, Cs, and Tl by an ion exchange method, and Li, Cs, Tl, etc. by a molecular stuffing method. There is a glass body having a concentration distribution (Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-54981) and a glass body having a concentration distribution of Pb, Ti or Ge by the sol-gel method (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-295818 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho 60-295818).
-145917, JP-A-60-14598).
【０００３】また、色収差をも加味し、Ｌａ，Ｙ，Ｇｄ
等の元素に濃度分布を有した、光学的に優れた特性を持
つ屈折率分布型光学素子の組成が特開平３−１４１３０
２号公報に開示されている。La, Y, Gd are also taken into consideration by taking chromatic aberration into consideration.
A composition of a gradient index optical element having a concentration distribution in elements such as, and having optically excellent characteristics is disclosed in JP-A-3-14130.
No. 2 publication.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、上記従来のセ
ルフォックや、アルカリ金属またはＰｂ、Ｔｉ若しくは
Ｇｅに濃度分布を有する屈折率分布を有したガラス体
は、色収差を補正する光学的効果が高くなかった。そこ
で、色収差をも加味した、光学的効果の高い屈折率分布
型光学素子が、特開平３−１４１３０２号公報に提案さ
れ、Ｌａ，Ｙ，Ｇｄに濃度分布を有した屈折率分布型光
学素子の組成分布について述べられているが、Ｌａ，
Ｙ，Ｇｄに濃度分布を付与する場合、多量にガラス中に
これらの元素を含有させる必要がある。しかし、Ｌａ，
Ｙ，Ｇｄ等の希土類元素を含むガラスはガラス化が難し
く、更に、屈折率分布を付与するためにガラス中に希土
類元素の濃度分布を付与するため、ガラスの部分により
組成が異なり、部分的に失透したり、大きな屈折率差を
付与するために多量にガラスに含有させることは困難で
あった。したがって、所望のガラスが得られず、ひいて
は大きな屈折率差を持った光学的に効果の高い屈折率分
布を有したガラス体を得ることが困難であった。However, the above-mentioned conventional SELFOC and the glass body having the refractive index distribution having the concentration distribution in the alkali metal or Pb, Ti or Ge are not high in the optical effect for correcting the chromatic aberration. It was Therefore, a gradient index optical element having a high optical effect in which chromatic aberration is taken into consideration is proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 141301/1993, which is a gradient index optical element having a concentration distribution in La, Y, and Gd. Although the composition distribution is described, La,
When imparting a concentration distribution to Y and Gd, it is necessary to contain a large amount of these elements in the glass. However, La,
Glasses containing rare earth elements such as Y and Gd are difficult to vitrify. Furthermore, since the concentration distribution of rare earth elements is imparted to the glass in order to impart a refractive index distribution, the composition differs depending on the glass portion, and partially It has been difficult to incorporate a large amount of glass in order to devitrify or give a large difference in refractive index. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a desired glass, and thus it is difficult to obtain a glass body having a refractive index distribution having a large difference in refractive index and having an optically effective effect.
【０００５】本発明は、かかる従来の問題点に鑑みてな
されもので、希土類元素に濃度分布を有し、これらの元
素を多量に含有して屈折率分布を有し、また色分散をも
考慮した光学的効果の高い屈折率分布を有したガラス体
を提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and has a concentration distribution in rare earth elements, has a refractive index distribution by containing a large amount of these elements, and also considers chromatic dispersion. It is an object of the present invention to provide a glass body having a refractive index distribution with a high optical effect.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を達成するため
に、本発明の屈折率分布を有したガラス体は、Ｌａ，
Ｙ，Ｇｄのうちの少なくとも１種の元素に濃度分布を有
し、Ａｌ，Ｐ，Ｂのうちの少なくとも１種の元素を含む
組成とした。また、色収差補正のために分散特性を考慮
して、更にＮｂ，Ｔａ，Ｔｉ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｒ，Ｂｉ，Ｓ
ｂ，Ａｇ，Ｓｎ，Ｉｎ，Ｔｌのうちの少なくとも１種の
元素を含む組成としてもよい。In order to achieve the above object, the glass body having a refractive index distribution of the present invention is La,
The composition has a concentration distribution in at least one element of Y and Gd and contains at least one element of Al, P and B. Further, in consideration of dispersion characteristics for chromatic aberration correction, Nb, Ta, Ti, Pb, Zr, Bi, S
The composition may include at least one element selected from b, Ag, Sn, In, and Tl.
【０００７】[0007]
【作用】希土類元素を多量に含むガラスの作製が困難な
理由は、例えばＳｉＯ2 と希土類元素の酸化物の２成分
系を考えたとき、双方の酸化物の融点が高いこと、液−
液不混和領域が存在することのためと考えられる。不混
和がおこるのは、系に形成される相の相対的自由エネル
ギーに依存する。液相−液相間の相分離は、シリカが網
目形成の条件に従いながら、陽イオンが自分の周りに酸
素イオンを引きつけて最低のエネルギーの酸素配列をと
ろうとする、陽イオン間の競合から起こるとされてい
る。修飾イオンや中間イオン（この場合は希土類元素）
は網目構造の中でＳｉと置換する能力が限られており、
酸素との強い結合エネルギーのため、最小のエネルギー
状態のときに高濃度では入り得ない。そこで、最もエネ
ルギーの低い状態は系が２つの液相に分離して１つが網
目形成体（シリカ）に富む相に、もう一つが修飾イオン
に富む相になる。The reason why it is difficult to produce a glass containing a large amount of rare earth elements is that, for example, when considering a binary system of SiO 2 and an oxide of a rare earth element, the melting points of both oxides are high, and
This is considered to be due to the existence of the liquid immiscible region. The immiscibility depends on the relative free energy of the phases formed in the system. Liquid-liquid phase separation occurs from the competition between cations, with the cations trying to attract oxygen ions around themselves and adopt the lowest energy oxygen arrangement, while silica obey the conditions for network formation. It is said that. Modification ions or intermediate ions (rare earth elements in this case)
Has a limited ability to replace Si in the mesh structure,
Due to the strong binding energy with oxygen, it cannot enter at a high concentration in the minimum energy state. Thus, in the lowest energy state, the system separates into two liquid phases, one rich in network formers (silica) and the other rich in modifying ions.
【０００８】そこで、鋭意検討した結果、Ｌａ，Ｙ，Ｇ
ｄなどの希土類元素に濃度分布を有し屈折率分布を有し
たシリカ系ガラスに、Ａｌ，Ｐ，Ｂから選んだ少なくと
も１つの元素を添加すると、Ｌａ，Ｙ，Ｇｄなどの希土
類元素に濃度分布を有していても、これらの元素を多量
に含有して屈折率分布を有したガラス体を作製できるこ
とを見い出した。これは、Ａｌ，Ｐ，Ｂは網目構造中の
Ｓｉ等の元素と置換する能力が高いので、液−液分離が
起こりにくくなったためと考えられる。Then, as a result of earnest study, La, Y, G
When at least one element selected from Al, P, and B is added to silica-based glass having a concentration distribution in a rare earth element such as d and a refractive index distribution, the concentration distribution in a rare earth element such as La, Y, and Gd It has been found that a glass body containing a large amount of these elements and having a refractive index distribution can be produced even if it has. It is considered that this is because Al, P, and B have a high ability to substitute with elements such as Si in the network structure, so that liquid-liquid separation is less likely to occur.
【０００９】この効果は、光学的な色収差補正能力に注
目したときに希土類元素と組み合わされるＮｂ，Ｔａ，
Ｔｉ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｒ，Ｂｉ，Ｓｂ，Ａｇ，Ｓｎ，Ｉｎ，Ｔ
ｌを含む系においても同様である。したがって、Ｌａ，
Ｙ，Ｇｄなどの希土類元素に濃度分布を有していても、
これらのＬａ，Ｙ，Ｇｄなどの希土類元素を多量に含有
し、さらにＮｂ，Ｔａ，Ｔｉ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｒ，Ｂｉ，Ｓ
ｂ，Ａｇ，Ｓｎ，Ｉｎ，Ｔｌを多量に含む色収差補正能
力のある屈折率分布を有したガラス体を作製することが
できる。これらＮｂ，Ｔａ，Ｔｉ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｒ，Ｂｉ，
Ｓｂ，Ａｇ，Ｓｎ，Ｉｎ，Ｔｌの元素には、濃度分布が
付与されていてもよいし、濃度分布が付与されていなく
てもよい。This effect is due to the fact that Nb, Ta, and
Ti, Pb, Zr, Bi, Sb, Ag, Sn, In, T
The same applies to a system containing l. Therefore, La,
Even if the rare earth element such as Y or Gd has a concentration distribution,
It contains a large amount of rare earth elements such as La, Y and Gd, and further contains Nb, Ta, Ti, Pb, Zr, Bi and S.
It is possible to manufacture a glass body having a refractive index distribution that contains a large amount of b, Ag, Sn, In, and Tl and has the ability to correct chromatic aberration. These Nb, Ta, Ti, Pb, Zr, Bi,
A concentration distribution may or may not be given to the elements Sb, Ag, Sn, In, and Tl.
【００１０】本発明の屈折率分布を有したガラス体は、
例えば図１（Ａ）および（Ｂ）に示すような特公平３−
１４１３０２号公報に示されている、金属種ｂと金属種
ｃとが互いに反対方向の濃度分布、図２（Ａ）および
（Ｂ）に示すように、金属種ｄが勾配をもって分布し、
金属種ｅが略平坦に分布する濃度分布、図３（Ａ）およ
び（Ｂ）に示すように、金属種ｆが金属種ｇと同方向に
金属種ｆより小さな勾配をもって分布する濃度分布等に
対して特に有効であるが、金属種の分布形状は図１から
図３に示したように、径方向に分布を有したものに限ら
ず、光軸方向に金属種の分布を有したもの、球状に金属
種の分布を有したもの等にも適用することができる。な
お、これらの適用は、色分散特性が優れた屈折率分布を
有するガラス体に限ったものではなく、ガラス体を得ら
れるという点で効果を有する。The glass body having the refractive index distribution of the present invention is
For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 (A) and 1 (B)
No. 141302, the metal species b and the metal species c have concentration distributions in mutually opposite directions, and as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the metal species d are distributed with a gradient,
A concentration distribution in which the metal species e is distributed substantially flat, and a concentration distribution in which the metal species f is distributed with a smaller gradient than the metal species f in the same direction as the metal species g as shown in FIGS. Although it is particularly effective against the above, the distribution shape of the metal species is not limited to the one having the distribution in the radial direction as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, but the one having the distribution of the metal species in the optical axis direction, It can also be applied to those having a spherical distribution of metal species. It should be noted that these applications are not limited to glass bodies having a refractive index distribution having excellent color dispersion characteristics, and have an effect in that glass bodies can be obtained.
【００１１】以上のことは、ここで説明したようにＳｉ
Ｏ2 を主成分としたものに限られているわけではなく、
Ｂ2 Ｏ3 などを主成分としたガラスにも同様に適用でき
る。Ａｌ，Ｐ，Ｂの添加量は、少量でも効果はあり、特
に制限されない。例えばＡｌの場合、濃度分布があるた
めにガラスの部分により希土類元素との原子数比は異な
っているが、（希土類元素の数／Ａｌの数）は６以下で
あることが望ましく、最も効果的であるのは１付近の場
合である。Ｐの場合は（希土類元素の数／Ｐの数）は４
以下であることが望ましく、最も効果的であるのは１付
近の場合である。Ｂの場合は、（希土類元素の数／Ｂの
数）は６以下であることが望ましく、最も効果的である
のは１から２付近の場合である。As described above, Si has
It is not limited to those containing O 2 as a main component,
The same can be applied to glass containing B 2 O 3 as a main component. The addition amount of Al, P, B is effective even if it is small, and is not particularly limited. For example, in the case of Al, the ratio of the number of atoms with the rare earth element varies depending on the glass portion due to the concentration distribution, but (the number of rare earth elements / the number of Al) is preferably 6 or less, which is the most effective. Is when 1 is around. In case of P, (number of rare earth elements / number of P) is 4
The following is desirable, and the most effective case is around 1. In the case of B, (the number of rare earth elements / the number of B) is preferably 6 or less, and the most effective case is around 1 to 2.
【００１２】Ａｌ，Ｐ，Ｂを複数用いる場合は、希土類
元素との原子数比（希土類元素の数／Ａｌ＋Ｐ＋Ｂ）は
Ａｌ，Ｐ，Ｂを単独で用いる場合よりも更に少なくても
よく、これらの元素は分布を有していてもよいし、有し
ていなくてもよい。また、これらの成分に分布を付与す
ることにより色分散特性をも制御することができる。特
にＰを用いる場合は、ガラスの化学的耐久性が低下する
ため、過剰に用いることは好ましくなく、希土類元素の
濃度分布に対して、各位置で必要最低量が添加されるよ
うに濃度分布させるのが好ましい。When a plurality of Al, P and B are used, the atomic ratio with the rare earth element (the number of rare earth elements / Al + P + B) may be smaller than that when Al, P and B are used alone. The element may or may not have a distribution. Further, the color dispersion characteristics can also be controlled by giving a distribution to these components. Especially when P is used, it is not preferable to use it excessively because it lowers the chemical durability of the glass, and the concentration distribution is adjusted so that the necessary minimum amount is added at each position with respect to the concentration distribution of the rare earth element. Is preferred.
【００１３】また、本発明の屈折率分布を有したガラス
体は、例えばイオン交換法、分子スタッフィング法、ゾ
ルゲル法、薄いガラスを重ねて融着させるガラス積層
法、ＣＤＶ法、ＶＡＤ法等、またはそれ以外のどのよう
な製造方法においても適用することができる。Further, the glass body having a refractive index distribution of the present invention is, for example, an ion exchange method, a molecular stuffing method, a sol-gel method, a glass laminating method in which thin glasses are laminated and fused, a CDV method, a VAD method, or the like, or It can be applied to any other manufacturing method.
【００１４】[0014]
【実施例１】本実施例は、図４に示したような形状に金
属種に分布を有したものであり、中心部のＡｌ2 Ｏ3 と
Ｙ2 Ｏ3 の含有量が２３（ｍｏｌ比）、ＴｉＯ2 の含有
量が０（ｍｏｌ比）であって、周辺部のＹ2 Ｏ3 の含有
量が０（ｍｏｌ比）になるように中心部から周辺部に向
けてＹ2 Ｏ3 の含有量がほぼ放物線状に減少するような
分布をしており、また、周辺部のＡｌ2 Ｏ3 の含有量が
２３（ｍｏｌ比）で、ＴｉＯ2 の含有量が７（ｍｏｌ
比）になるように、中心部より周辺部に向けてＴｉＯ2
の含有量がＹ2 Ｏ3 の含有量分布とは反対方向のほぼ放
物線状に増加する径方向の屈折率分布を有したガラス体
である。Example 1 In this example, metal species were distributed in a shape as shown in FIG. 4, and the content of Al 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 3 in the central portion was 23 (mol ratio). ), the content of TiO 2 is a 0 (mol ratio), the content of Y 2 O 3 in the peripheral portion is 0 (the center such that the mol ratio) toward the periphery of the Y 2 O 3 The distribution is such that the content decreases in a parabolic shape, the Al 2 O 3 content in the peripheral portion is 23 (mol ratio), and the TiO 2 content is 7 (mol).
Ratio) from the center to the periphery so that TiO 2
The glass body has a refractive index distribution in the radial direction in which the content of γ increases almost in a parabola in the direction opposite to the Y 2 O 3 content distribution.
【００１５】このガラス体は部分的な失透や結晶化は見
られなかった。また、このガラス体の屈折率分布を測定
したところ、中心部は、ｎd ：１．６６６，νd ：５
３、周辺部はｎd ：１．５３３，νd ：４８であり、光
学的に有効な光学特性を有していた。No partial devitrification or crystallization was observed in this glass body. The measured refractive index distribution of the glass body, the heart, n d: 1.666, ν d : 5
3 and the peripheral portion were n d : 1.533 and ν d : 48, and had optically effective optical characteristics.
【００１６】[0016]
【実施例２〜８】これらの実施例は、図１（Ａ）および
（Ｂ）と同様の分布を有したもので、表１に記載のよう
に、Ａｌ，Ｐ，Ｂから選んだ成分をａ群、互いに反対方
向の濃度分布を持つ成分がそれぞれｂ群、ｃ群に記載し
た酸化物換算含有ｍｏｌ比である。各実施例２〜８で得
られたガラス体には、失透している部分や結晶化してい
る部分は見られず、かつ効果の高い光学素子であった。Examples 2 to 8 These examples have the same distribution as in FIGS. 1A and 1B, and as shown in Table 1, the components selected from Al, P, and B are selected. The components having the concentration distributions in the group a and the directions opposite to each other are the mol ratios in terms of oxides described in the groups b and c, respectively. No devitrified portion or crystallized portion was found in the glass bodies obtained in Examples 2 to 8 and the optical element was highly effective.
【００１７】[0017]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１８】[0018]
【実施例９〜１３】実施例９〜１３は図２（Ａ）および
（Ｂ）に示したような形状に金属種に分布を有したもの
であり、表２に記載のようにＡｌ，Ｐ，Ｂから選んだ成
分をａ群、ガラス中に勾配をもって分布する金属種をｄ
群、ガラス中の金属原子の数が略平坦に分布した金属種
をｅ群に記載した酸化物換算含有ｍｏｌ比である。各実
施例９〜１３で得られたガラス体には、失透している部
分や結晶化している部分は見られず、かつ光学的効果の
高い光学素子であった。Examples 9 to 13 In Examples 9 to 13, the metal species are distributed in the shapes shown in FIGS. 2 (A) and 2 (B). , B are components selected from group a, and metal species having a gradient distribution in the glass are d.
It is the oxide-equivalent content mol ratio in which the group and the metal species in which the number of metal atoms in the glass is distributed substantially flat are described in the group e. In the glass bodies obtained in each of Examples 9 to 13, neither devitrified portion nor crystallized portion was observed, and the optical element had a high optical effect.
【００１９】[0019]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２０】[0020]
【実施例１４〜１８】実施例１４〜１８は図３（Ａ）お
よび（Ｂ）に示したような形状に金属種に分布を有した
ものであり、表３に記載のようにＡｌ，Ｐ，Ｂから選ん
だ成分をａ群、ガラス中に勾配をもって分布する金属種
を、それぞれｆ群、ｇ群としたときの酸化物換算含有ｍ
ｏｌ比である。各実施例１４〜１８で得られたガラス体
には、失透している部分や結晶化している部分は見られ
ず、かつ光学的効果の高い光学素子であった。Examples 14 to 18 Examples 14 to 18 have a distribution of metal species in the shape shown in FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B). , B in the group a, and the metal species distributed in the glass with a gradient in the groups f and g, respectively.
ol ratio. In the glass bodies obtained in Examples 14 to 18, neither devitrified portion nor crystallized portion was found, and the optical element had a high optical effect.
【００２１】[0021]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００２２】なお、上記実施例では半径方向にほぼ放物
線状の分布をしているものについて述べたが、金属の分
布形状は放物線状の分布形状に制限されているものでは
なく、これ以外の分布形状についても原理的に何等制限
されるものではない。屈折率分布が非常に小さかった
り、実質上屈折率差が０であっても、分散特性に分布を
有していれば、本発明は同様に適用することができる。
また、Ｌａ，Ｙ，Ｇｄ等の希土類元素と組み合わせられ
る元素は実施例に述べられているものに限られておら
ず、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲において、ガラス作
製上や耐性向上のための成分を更に添加してもよい。In the above-mentioned embodiment, the distribution having a substantially parabolic shape in the radial direction has been described, but the distribution shape of the metal is not limited to the parabolic distribution shape, and distributions other than this are possible. The shape is not limited in principle. Even if the refractive index distribution is very small or the refractive index difference is substantially zero, the present invention can be similarly applied as long as the dispersion characteristic has a distribution.
Further, the elements to be combined with the rare earth elements such as La, Y, and Gd are not limited to those described in the examples, and may be used for glass production or for improving the resistance as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Further ingredients may be added.
【００２３】[0023]
【発明の効果】以上のように、本発明の屈折率分布を有
したガラス体によれば、希土類元素に濃度分布を有し、
これらの元素を多量に含有した屈折率分布を有したガラ
ス体を作製することが可能となり、色分散等をも考慮し
た光学的効果の高い屈折率分布を有したガラス体を製造
することができる。As described above, according to the glass body having the refractive index distribution of the present invention, the rare earth element has the concentration distribution,
It becomes possible to produce a glass body having a refractive index distribution containing a large amount of these elements, and it is possible to produce a glass body having a refractive index distribution having a high optical effect in consideration of chromatic dispersion and the like. .
【図１】金属種ｂと金属種ｃとが互いに反対方向の濃度
分布を有しているときの金属種の含有量分布を示す概念
図である。FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a content distribution of metal species when the metal species b and the metal species c have concentration distributions in mutually opposite directions.
【図２】金属種ｄが勾配をもって分布し、金属種ｅが略
平坦に分布しているときの金属種の含有量分布を示す概
念図である。FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the content distribution of the metal species when the metal species d is distributed with a gradient and the metal species e is distributed substantially flat.
【図３】金属種ｆが金属種ｇと同方向に、金属種ｇの勾
配より小さな勾配をもって分布してるいときの金属種の
含有量分布を示す概念図である。FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the content distribution of the metal species when the metal species f is distributed in the same direction as the metal species g with a gradient smaller than the gradient of the metal species g.
【図４】本発明の実施例１により得られたガラス体の金
属原子の分布を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the distribution of metal atoms in the glass body obtained in Example 1 of the present invention.
Claims (2)
の元素に濃度分布を有し、Ａｌ，Ｐ，Ｂのうちの少なく
とも１種の元素を含むことを特徴とする屈折率分布を有
したガラス体。1. A refractive index distribution characterized by having a concentration distribution in at least one element of La, Y, and Gd and including at least one element in Al, P, B. Glass body.
の元素に濃度分布を有し、Ａｌ，Ｐ，Ｂのうちの少なく
とも１種の元素およびＮｂ，Ｔａ，Ｔｉ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｒ，
Ｂｉ，Ｓｂ，Ａｇ，Ｓｎ，Ｉｎ，Ｔｌのうちの少なくと
も１種の元素を含むことを特徴とする屈折率分布を有し
たガラス体。2. At least one element selected from La, Y and Gd has a concentration distribution, and at least one element selected from Al, P and B and Nb, Ta, Ti, Pb, Zr,
A glass body having a refractive index distribution characterized by containing at least one element selected from Bi, Sb, Ag, Sn, In and Tl.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34545892A JP3193492B2 (en) | 1992-11-30 | 1992-11-30 | Glass body with refractive index distribution |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34545892A JP3193492B2 (en) | 1992-11-30 | 1992-11-30 | Glass body with refractive index distribution |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06171974A true JPH06171974A (en) | 1994-06-21 |
| JP3193492B2 JP3193492B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 |
Family
ID=18376734
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34545892A Expired - Fee Related JP3193492B2 (en) | 1992-11-30 | 1992-11-30 | Glass body with refractive index distribution |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3193492B2 (en) |
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