JPH09314116A - Garbage treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a garbage treatment apparatus in which garbage is decomposed by microorganisms, and odorous components are purified over a long period of time. SOLUTION: In a garbage treatment apparatus equipped with a treatment chamber 1 for treating garbage and a purification chamber 2 for purifying gas containing odorous components discharged from the chamber 1, garbage is decomposed by microorganisms in the chamber 1, the chamber 2 has zones, an ammonia purification apparatus is installed in the first purification chamber 10 adjacent to the chamber 1, and a non ammonia purification apparatus which purifies non-ammonia gases is provided in the second purification chamber 30 to which gas which passed through the first purification chamber 10 is introduced. Ammonia of high concentration and high threshold is removed first in the first purification chamber 10, and then non-ammonia gases of low concentration and low threshold are removed so that high purification efficiency is obtained.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating garbage, and more particularly, to an apparatus for treating garbage which has a treatment chamber for garbage which is decomposed by microorganisms.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There are a drying method and a microorganism decomposing method for treating garbage. The drying method removes water from the garbage, and gas is generated from the garbage as the water evaporates.
The components contained in this gas are, for example, nitrogen compounds such as ammonia and amines, sulfur compounds such as methyl sulfide, methyl mercaptan and methyl disulfide, and aldehydes. On the other hand, the decomposition method of microorganisms should be decomposed into water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia if completely decomposed, but it is possible to control the temperature, water retention amount, oxygen amount to control the optimum decomposition state of microorganisms. Since it is difficult, the same gas as in the dry method is generated. This gas causes a foul odor.

The odorous components that cause the above-mentioned odors have thresholds that differ for each component. The threshold is the limit concentration at which the difference from odorless air cannot be identified. If the threshold gas is 0.001 ppm, if it is 0.001 ppm or less, it cannot be distinguished from odorless air. That is, it does not smell. For example, when the gas contains an odorous component with a threshold value of 1 ppm, the component is converted to 1 by some means.
The gas can be deodorized by diluting the gas by 1000 times or less, and most simply by diluting the gas 1000 times.

When the above-mentioned raw garbage is treated by the method of decomposing microorganisms, the generated gas contains a large amount of a component such as ammonia, but not so high a threshold value, and a trace amount such as a sulfur compound. However, a component having an extremely small threshold is mixed. For example, 100 pp in the generated gas
The threshold of ammonia contained in about m is about 10 ppm, and if it is removed to 1/10, it will not smell,
The odor concentration of the generated gas as a whole (the dilution ratio at which it cannot be distinguished from odorless air) is a large value of about 5000, and it cannot be deodorized unless it is diluted 5000 times.

[0005]

Therefore, in order to treat raw garbage by a method of decomposing microorganisms and deodorize the gas generated by this treatment, dilute it 5000 times or reduce the odor component to 1/5000. Must be removed. 500
A large blower is required for 0-fold dilution. Also,
When activated carbon is used for removal, a large amount of ammonia is adsorbed on the activated carbon and has a short adsorption life. When purifying with a catalyst, a large amount of catalyst is required for ammonia, and the gas needs to be heated to a high temperature in order to exert the function of the catalyst, and the running cost is also high. Even when purifying with ozone, a large ozone generator and a large amount of ozone decomposing catalyst are required.

The present invention has been made in view of the above facts, and an object of the present invention is an apparatus for treating raw garbage by decomposition by microorganisms, which is capable of effectively purifying odorous components for a long period of time. An object of the present invention is to provide a garbage processing device for maintaining.

[0007]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for treating raw garbage, which is a treatment chamber 1 for treating raw garbage, and a purification for purifying gas containing odorous components discharged from the treatment chamber 1. In the raw garbage processing apparatus having a chamber 2, the processing of the raw garbage in the processing chamber 1 is performed by microbial decomposition, and the purification chamber 2 has a plurality of zones.
A non-ammonia purification for purifying non-ammonia gas to the second purification chamber 30 into which the gas that has passed through the first purification chamber 10 is introduced, provided with an ammonia purification device for purifying ammonia in the first purification chamber 10 connected to the A device is provided. With the above structure, the content concentration is high, ammonia having a large threshold value is removed first, and then the content concentration is low,
Since the non-ammonia gas having a small threshold value is removed, the efficiency of purification is high.

The garbage disposal according to claim 2 of the present invention is the garbage disposal according to claim 1, wherein
The purification chamber 10 is characterized by including a device 11 having a mechanism for contacting ammonia with water or an aqueous solution.
With the above configuration, ammonia can be easily removed.

The garbage disposal according to claim 3 of the present invention is the garbage disposal according to claim 2, wherein:
Purification room 10 is a water tank 1 that stores water or aqueous solution 11a.
2 for storing the gas discharged from the processing chamber 1 in the water storage tank 1
It is characterized in that it is introduced in 2.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the garbage treatment device according to the second or third aspect, wherein the aqueous solution 11a in contact with the ammonia is an aqueous solution containing a cationic exchange resin. It is characterized by being. With the above configuration, since the ability to dissolve ammonia is improved, the purification performance is excellent.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the garbage treatment device according to the second or third aspect, the aqueous solution 11a that contacts the ammonia is an acidic aqueous solution. And With the above configuration, since the ability to dissolve ammonia is improved, the purification performance is excellent.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the garbage treatment device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the first purification chamber 10 and the second purification chamber 30 are the same.
It is characterized in that a dehumidifying device 4 is provided in the gas passage 3 for connecting the gas. With the above configuration, it is possible to prevent the function of the non-ammonia purification device from being deteriorated due to humidity.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided the garbage disposal device according to the first aspect, which is the same as the first embodiment.
In the purification chamber 10 of No. 3, the adsorbent layer 13 for ammonia, and
The gas passage 6 passing through the adsorbent layer 13 is characterized in that a catalyst layer 14 for ammonia is provided. With the above configuration, ammonia can be easily purified without depleting water and draining water, and ammonia can be desorbed from the adsorbent layer 13 to be regenerated.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the garbage treatment device according to the seventh aspect, wherein the introduction path 5 for introducing the gas discharged from the treatment chamber 1 into the adsorbent layer 13 is provided. In addition to having the intake port 15 that takes in outside air,
Opening / closing means 17 capable of freely opening and closing the outside air from the intake port 15, the gas introduced from the introduction path 5, and the introduction of these gases is characterized.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the garbage treatment device according to the seventh or eighth aspect, further comprising a ventilation passage 6 having the ammonia catalyst layer 14.
The ventilation passage 3 connected to the second purification chamber 30 is branched, and an opening / closing means 19 that can freely introduce and block the gas that has passed through the adsorbent layer 13 is formed in the ventilation passages 3 and 6. It is characterized by With the above configuration, the non-ammonia purification device is protected and the deterioration of the function is prevented.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a garbage treatment device according to the seventh or eighth aspect, further comprising a purification unit comprising a first purification chamber 10 and a second purification chamber 30. It is characterized by having a plurality of these purification units arranged in parallel. With the above configuration, the regeneration of the adsorbent layer 13 and the purification of the gas can be alternately performed by these purification units, so that the purification of the gas can be always performed.

The garbage disposal according to claim 11 of the present invention is the garbage disposal according to claim 8 in which the purification chamber 2 is used.
Is divided into a purification path 2a and a regeneration path 2b by a partition plate 24, and the adsorbent layer 13 formed across the purification path 2a and the regeneration path 2b is centered on the central axis provided in the partition plate 24. The cleaning passage 2a is rotated and the adsorbent layer 13
And a second purification chamber 30 having a non-ammonia purification device, and the regeneration path 2b is provided with the intake 15, the adsorbent layer 13, and the ammonia catalyst layer 14. With the above configuration, by rotating the adsorbent layer 13, the adsorbent layer 13 can adsorb ammonia in the purification passage 2a and can be regenerated in the regeneration passage 2b.

The garbage disposal according to claim 12 of the present invention is the garbage disposal according to any one of claims 7 to 11, further comprising a heating device 25 for heating the first purification chamber 10. It is characterized by With the above structure, the adsorbent layer 13 that facilitates desorption and treatment of ammonia is easily regenerated.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the raw dust treating apparatus according to any one of the seventh to twelfth aspects, the adsorbent constituting the adsorbent layer 13 is
At least one selected from activated alumina, natural zeolite, synthetic zeolite, silica gel, activated clay, impregnated activated carbon, and ion exchange resin. By the above,
High performance of adsorbing ammonia.

According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the garbage treatment device according to any one of the seventh to thirteenth aspects, the ammonia catalyst layer 14 has a carrier of a noble metal or a metal having an oxidizing performance. It is characterized by supporting an oxide.

[0021] According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the garbage treatment device according to the seventh or eighth aspect, a noble metal or a metal constituting the ammonia catalyst layer 14 in the adsorbent layer 13 is provided. Oxide is supported,
The adsorbent layer 13 also functions as the ammonia catalyst layer 14. With the above configuration, the device can be simplified.

According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in the garbage treatment device according to the fourteenth or fifteenth aspect, the noble metal is platinum, gold, silver, copper, palladium,
It is characterized by being at least one of ruthenium and rhodium.

According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the garbage treatment device according to the fourteenth or fifteenth aspects, wherein the metal oxide is nickel oxide, manganese oxide, cobalt oxide or iron oxide. Of at least one of the above.

[0024] According to an eighteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a garbage treatment device according to any one of the first to seventeenth aspects, wherein the non-ammonia purification device according to the first aspect is a non-ammonia adsorbent. It is characterized in that it comprises a layer 31.

According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, in the garbage treatment device according to the eighteenth aspect, the adsorbent composing the non-ammonia adsorbent layer 31 is activated carbon. And With the above configuration, the removal efficiency of non-ammonia gas is good and the handling is easy.

According to a twentieth aspect of the present invention, in the garbage treatment device according to the eighteenth or nineteenth aspect, the non-ammonia purification device is a non-ammonia catalyst comprising a catalyst having oxidizing performance. It is characterized in that it comprises a layer 32. With the above configuration, the purification performance of non-ammonia gas can be maintained semipermanently.

According to a twenty-first aspect of the present invention, in the garbage treatment device according to the twentieth aspect, the catalyst is a carrier, and the catalyst is a precious metal containing platinum, gold, silver, copper, palladium, ruthenium and rhodium. Alternatively, it is characterized by supporting at least one kind of metal oxide consisting of nickel oxide, manganese oxide, cobalt oxide, iron oxide, and vanadium pentoxide.

[0028]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in detail. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an outline of the garbage processing device of the present invention.

The food waste processing apparatus to which the present invention is applied has a processing chamber 1 for processing food waste by decomposition by microorganisms. The gas generated by the above treatment contains a large amount of ammonia and a small amount of non-ammonia gas such as a sulfur compound as odorous components. Specifically, ammonia accounts for 99% by volume or more in the odor component of the generated gas. The present invention is an apparatus capable of purifying such odorous gas and maintaining it in a good condition for a long period of time.

The present invention comprises a purifying chamber 2 for purifying the gas containing the odorous component discharged from the processing chamber 1. The purification chamber 2 includes a first purification chamber 10 and a second purification chamber 30.
The second purification chamber 3 which has the first purification chamber 10 connected to the processing chamber 1 and is equipped with an ammonia purification device for purifying ammonia, and into which the gas passing through the first purification chamber 10 is introduced.
0 is equipped with a non-ammonia purification device for purifying non-ammonia gas. According to the above-mentioned garbage treatment device, the gas containing the odorous component is first introduced into the first purification chamber 10 by the blower 33 provided in the purification chamber 2, and the ammonia purification device has a high content concentration and a large threshold value. Ammonia is removed and then introduced into the second purification chamber 30, and the non-ammonia purification device removes non-ammonia gas having a low content concentration and a small threshold value. Since the ammonia contained in a large amount is removed first, the non-ammonia purification device is prevented from deteriorating due to ammonia, etc., so that the function of the non-ammonia purification device can be maintained satisfactorily for a long time, and the ammonia purification device and The ammonia purification device can function efficiently. The arrow indicates the moving direction of the odorous gas.

Next, the first purification chamber 10 for purifying ammonia will be described. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of the garbage processing device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
The first purification chamber 10 of the above apparatus is provided with a water tank 12 that stores an aqueous solution 11a as an apparatus 11 having a mechanism for contacting water or an aqueous solution (hereinafter referred to as an aqueous solution).
The tip of the introduction path 5 for the gas discharged from the processing chamber 1 reaches the inside of the aqueous solution 11a stored in 2, and the ventilation path 3 leading to the second purification chamber 30 is provided above the water surface of the water storage tank 12. Is provided. The gas discharged from the processing chamber 1 is introduced into the aqueous solution 11a through the introduction path 5, and the ammonia dissolves in the aqueous solution 11a and is removed. If the water storage tank 12 is provided with a water supply port and a drain port (not shown), the aqueous solution 11a can be easily replaced, and thus it is easy to handle. When the aqueous solution 11a stored in the water storage tank 12 is an aqueous solution containing a cationic exchange resin, the ability to dissolve ammonia is improved, so that excellent removal performance is maintained even if the exhaust gas has a high ammonia concentration. .

Further, the aqueous solution 11 stored in the water storage tank 12
When a is an aqueous solution having acidity, it neutralizes ammonia, so that the removal performance is improved and the aqueous solution can be used for a long time. In the case of simple water 11a, the dissolved ammonia may be re-released, but once neutralized, there is no fear of re-release because it becomes an ammonia salt. As the aqueous solution having acidity, a weak acid is preferable in consideration of safety and corrosion resistance of the container. Examples of the above-mentioned aqueous solution include tartrate, phthalate, phosphate, acetate, citrate and other buffer solutions having a buffer action, ascorbic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid and the like. .

If ultrasonic waves are applied to the aqueous solution 11a in the water storage tank 12 using an ultrasonic element or the like, the removal performance is further improved.

The apparatus for dissolving the ammonia in an aqueous solution and removing it is not limited to the mode in which the gas is introduced into water. FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are schematic diagrams showing the essential parts of the garbage processing apparatuses according to the second to third embodiments of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the first purification chamber 10 has an aqueous solution 11b.
Is provided with a water tank 12 that stores
Is sucked by the pump 26 and sprayed from the top of the purification chamber 10. The gas discharged from the processing chamber 1 passes through the purification chamber 10 in which the aqueous solution is sprayed, so that ammonia is removed.

As shown in FIG. 4, a fibrous or sponge-like layer 28 is provided across the first purification chamber 10, and a water tank having an aqueous solution 27 at the base end of the layer is provided. It has a structure in which water is absorbed by the layer 28 due to a capillary phenomenon. The gas discharged from the processing chamber 1 passes through the inside of this layer 28 to remove ammonia.

The above-mentioned gas from which ammonia has been removed contains a large amount of water in the gas. The gas that has passed through the first purification chamber 10 is introduced into the second purification chamber 30. However, depending on the non-ammonia purification device, the function may be deteriorated if the amount of water is large. An embodiment in which the countermeasure is taken is shown below. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an outline of another garbage processing device of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the above-mentioned garbage processing device is provided with a dehumidifying device 4 in a gas passage 3 connecting the first purification chamber 10 and the second purification chamber 30. As the dehumidifying device 4,
For example, a device that cools gas and removes it by dew condensation, a heating device that lowers the relative humidity of the gas, a device that has an adsorbent layer of silica gel, zeolite, activated alumina, calcium chloride, etc., and adsorbs it to these, and the like can be mentioned.

When the dehumidifying device 4 is a device having an adsorbent layer, a structure for regenerating this adsorbent layer is preferable. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of the garbage processing device in which the dehumidifying device 4 is the adsorbent layer 4a. The air passage 3a between the ammonia purifier and the adsorbent layer 4a is provided with an air inlet 41 and a blower 42 for newly introducing air from the outside, and an exhaust passage 43 is provided in the vent passage 3b between the adsorbent layer 4a and the non-ammonia purifier. Equipped with. An opening / closing means 44 capable of freely introducing and blocking the air from the air inlet passage 41 and the gas from the air passage 3a is provided at the branch portion of the air inlet passage 41, and the branch portion of the exhaust passage 43 is provided at the branch portion. An opening / closing means 45 is provided that can freely ventilate the exhaust passage 43 and vent gas to the vent passage 3b. At normal times, the gas that has passed through the first purification chamber 10 by blocking the air inlet passage 41 and the exhaust passage 43 passes through the adsorbent layer 4a and is introduced into the second purification chamber 30. When the adsorbent layer 4a needs to be regenerated, the air intake passage 41 and the exhaust passage 43 are opened,
Gas from first purification chamber 10 and second purification chamber 3 for gas
The ventilation is shut off, fresh air is introduced into the adsorbent layer 4a, and the air passing through the adsorbent layer 4a is discharged from the exhaust passage 43 to the outside.

Next, a device 11 having a mechanism for contacting water or an aqueous solution in the first purification chamber 10 for purifying ammonia.
The case where an ammonia purification device other than the above is provided will be described. FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an outline of another garbage processing apparatus of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the above-mentioned garbage treatment apparatus has an adsorbent layer 13 for ammonia in the first purification chamber 10.
An ammonia catalyst layer 14 is provided in the gas passage 6 for the gas passing through the adsorbent layer 13. Further, the processing apparatus is provided with an inlet 15 for introducing outside air into the inlet 5 for introducing the gas discharged from the processing chamber 1 into the adsorbent layer 13, and the outside air from the inlet 15 and the inlet are introduced. An opening / closing means 17 capable of freely introducing and blocking the gas introduced from 5 is formed. The adsorbent layer 13 has a high performance of quickly adsorbing ammonia. The ammonia catalyst layer 14 is not as fast as the adsorbent layer 13, but is a catalyst having a function of purifying ammonia. When a large amount of ammonia is adsorbed on the adsorbent layer 13 and the function of the ammonia catalyst layer 14 deteriorates, the adsorbent layer 13 is used to treat the passed ammonia and to regenerate the adsorbent layer 13. It has a function of treating the desorbed ammonia when desorbing the ammonia from the.

Examples of the adsorbent that constitutes the adsorbent layer 13 include activated alumina, natural zeolite, synthetic zeolite, silica gel, activated clay, impregnated activated carbon, and ion exchange resin. At least one of these is used. To be done. Of these, silica gel is the most suitable. For example, when comparing the breakthrough times (time until adsorption saturation and removal rate becomes 0) using 1 g of silica gel and 1 g of synthetic zeolite, respectively, when an odorous gas having an ammonia concentration of 100 ppm is aerated at a flow rate of 200 cc / min. , The synthetic zeolite breaks through in 2 hours, but the silica gel can maintain the adsorption performance up to 25 hours.

The ammonia catalyst layer 14 is exemplified by a carrier carrying a noble metal or metal oxide having an oxidizing property. Examples of the carrier include alumina, titania, silica-alumina, silica, zeolite and the like. The precious metals include platinum, gold, silver,
Copper, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium and the like,
Of these, platinum is the most suitable. As the metal oxide,
Examples include nickel oxide, manganese oxide, cobalt oxide, and iron oxide. Although the ammonia catalyst layer 14 does not have the ability to adsorb ammonia as quickly as the adsorbent layer 13 at room temperature, it is capable of removing a large amount of ammonia when heated to about 200 to 300 ° C., for example.

The above-mentioned garbage processing device is usually equipped with a intake port 15.
Is shut off, the odorous gas generated in the processing chamber 1 is introduced from the introduction path 5, passes through the adsorbent layer 13, adsorbs ammonia, and then is introduced into the second purification chamber 30. When the adsorbent layer 13 becomes saturated with ammonia and needs to be regenerated, the introduction of the odorous gas from the introduction passage 5 is blocked, the intake port 15 is opened, and fresh air is introduced to introduce the adsorbent. The ammonia adsorbed on the layer 13 is desorbed and regenerated. The desorbed ammonia is removed by the ammonia catalyst layer 14. Adsorbent layer 1
When 3 is regenerated, the intake port 15 is shut off, and the odorous gas generated in the processing chamber 1 is again introduced from the introduction path 5. As described above, since the adsorbent layer 13 and the ammonia catalyst layer 14 are provided, normally, in order to regenerate the adsorbent layer 13 as needed while rapidly adsorbing ammonia in the adsorbent layer 13, It can be satisfactorily purified over a long period of time.

When the adsorbent layer 13 and the ammonia catalyst layer 14 are heated, the desorption and treatment of ammonia are promoted. Therefore, the treatment device is equipped with a heating device for heating the first purification chamber 10. preferable. FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are schematic views showing the essential parts of the garbage disposal according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, the treatment device includes a heating device 25 connected to the adsorbent layer 13 and the ammonia catalyst layer 14, and the heating device 25 is operated during regeneration to operate the adsorbent layer 13, And the ammonia catalyst layer 14
Raise the temperature of. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the heating device 25 is provided between the intake port 15 and the adsorbent layer 13, and
The adsorbent layer 13 may be heated by heating the air taken in from. When the heating device 25 is provided, the desorption and treatment of ammonia are promoted, so that the adsorbent layer 13 can be easily regenerated, so that the removal performance can be maintained for a long time. In addition, in the following explanatory views of the device, the heating device 2
5 is omitted.

In the garbage treating apparatus having the above structure, purification of the gas generated in the processing chamber 1 and regeneration of the adsorbent layer 13 are repeated. Therefore, FIG. 10 shows a kitchen waste treatment device having a plurality of purification units each including a first purification chamber 10 and a second purification chamber 30.
Shown in Since the purification unit is arranged in parallel in the treatment apparatus, the regeneration of the adsorbent layer 13 and the purification of gas can be alternately performed by the operation of the opening / closing means 17, so that the purification unit can constantly purify odorous gas. Can be done.

Another embodiment of the garbage disposal provided with the adsorbent layer 13 will be described. FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a main part of a food waste processing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. Differences from the above-mentioned garbage processing device will be described.
As shown in FIG. 9, the ventilation passage 6 provided with the ammonia catalyst layer 14 and the ventilation passage 3 connected to the second purification chamber 30 are branched. An opening / closing means 19 is formed at a position where these ventilation paths 3 and 6 are branched, and has a structure in which the introduction and blocking of the gas passing through the adsorbent layer 13 can be freely controlled. In addition, these ventilation passages 3 and 6 are provided with a blower 33,
21 is provided. The above-mentioned garbage processing device is normally used for the intake 1
5, the gas passage 6 provided with the ammonia catalyst layer 14 is blocked, the gas treated in the treatment chamber 1 is introduced from the introduction passage 5, passes through the adsorbent layer 13, and the gas in which ammonia is adsorbed is the air passage. It is introduced into the second purification chamber 30 through 3.
When the adsorbent layer 13 needs to be regenerated, the gas from the introduction passage 5 is cut off, and the ventilation passage 3 connected to the second purification chamber 30 is also cut off. The intake port 15 is opened, and fresh air is introduced to desorb and regenerate the ammonia adsorbed on the adsorbent layer 13. At the same time, the vent passage 6 having the ammonia catalyst layer 14 is opened to remove the desorbed ammonia. It is removed by the ammonia catalyst layer 14. After the adsorbent layer 13 is regenerated, the normal state is restored. In the above processing apparatus, since the desorbed ammonia is not supplied to the second purification chamber 30,
Reliably protect the non-ammonia purification device from ammonia,
It is possible to prevent functional deterioration.

Next, FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing a main part of a garbage disposal according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, in the processing apparatus, the purification chamber 2 is divided into a purification passage 2a and a regeneration passage 2b by a partition plate 24 along the gas flow direction. The adsorbent layer 13 is formed across the purification path 2a and the regeneration path 2b, and the adsorbent layer 13 includes a drive device 23. The purification path 2a is the processing chamber 1
A gas containing an odorous component is introduced from the above, and a second purification chamber 30 having an adsorbent layer 13 and a non-ammonia purification device is provided, and the regeneration path 2b is cut off from the processing chamber 1 and the intake port is provided. 15, the adsorbent layer 13, and the ammonia catalyst layer 14 are provided. The characteristics of the above processing device are
The operation of the drive device 23 causes the adsorbent layer 13 to rotate about a central axis provided on the partition plate 24.
By rotating the adsorbent layer 13, ammonia is always adsorbed by the adsorbent layer 13 at the location moved to the purification passage 2a, and regenerated at the adsorbent layer 13 at the location moved to the regeneration passage 2b. The above processing device does not need to operate the opening / closing means and perform the operation of shutting off and opening unlike the processing device described above.

When the adsorbent layer 13 carries the noble metal or metal oxide constituting the ammonia catalyst layer 14, the adsorbent layer 13 can also serve as the ammonia catalyst layer 14. . The processing device is
Usually, the adsorbent of the adsorbent layer 13 adsorbs ammonia, and when the adsorbent layer 13 is heated during regeneration, the desorbed ammonia is oxidatively decomposed by the action of the noble metal or metal oxide. Since the adsorbent layer 13 also serves as the ammonia catalyst layer 14 in the processing apparatus, the apparatus can be simplified.

The first purification chamber 10 for purifying ammonia is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, in the case of the device for branching the ventilation passage 3 connected to the second purification chamber 30 and the regeneration ventilation passage 6, a water tank 22 storing an aqueous solution is provided in place of the ammonia catalyst layer 14.
At the time of regeneration, the gas that has passed through the adsorbent layer 13 of the water tank 22 may be introduced and dissolved in the aqueous solution to regenerate the adsorbent layer 13.

Next, the second purification chamber 30 for purifying the non-ammonia gas will be described. The non-ammonia purification device provided in the second purification chamber 30 has a function of removing non-ammonia gas having a low content concentration and a small threshold value after ammonia is removed. As components of non-ammonia gas, methyl sulfide, methyl mepcaptan,
Examples thereof include sulfur compounds such as methyl disulfide, aldehydes, and alcohols. FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing a main part of a garbage disposal according to another embodiment of the present invention. Examples of the non-ammonia purification device include a non-ammonia adsorbent layer 31 having an adsorbent such as activated carbon and a non-ammonia catalyst layer 32 having a catalyst having an oxidizing performance as a constituent material. These may be used alone or in combination. Good. Of these, activated carbon is suitable because it has a high efficiency of removing non-ammonia gas and is easy to handle. The shape of the adsorbent layer 31 is not limited to a granular shape or a honeycomb shape, but a honeycomb shape is preferable in consideration of pressure loss and contact with gas. Examples of the catalyst constituting the non-ammonia catalyst layer 32 include, on a carrier, a noble metal such as platinum, gold, silver, copper, palladium, ruthenium, or rhodium or nickel oxide, manganese oxide, cobalt oxide, iron oxide, pentoxide. An example thereof is one that carries at least one kind of metal oxide composed of vanadium.

As described above, the garbage processing device of the present invention is
Since the large amount of ammonia contained in the first purification chamber 10 is first removed and then the non-ammonia gas is removed in the second purification chamber 30, the non-ammonia purification device is not deteriorated by ammonia and the like. The function of the ammonia purifier can be maintained well for a long time.

[0050]

[Examples] The results of measurement of the purification effect of the above-mentioned garbage disposal are shown below. The measurement was performed as follows. Garbage having a certain constitution was decomposed by microorganisms in the processing chamber 1, and the generated odor gas was purified in the purification chamber 2. At that time, six panelists sniffed the gas exhausted at the outlet of the purification chamber 2 to perform a sensory evaluation test. The sensory evaluation was made by judging the odor intensity in 6 levels, and the upper and lower values of each panel were cut, and the average value of the remaining 4 persons was evaluated. The odor intensity is 0 for no odor, 1 for a odor that can be finally sensed, 2 for a weak odor that identifies what it is, and 3 for a odor that can be easily sensed.
Strong odor was 4 points, and strong odor was 5 points. The gas generated from the processing chamber 1 was 5 points.

(Example 1) Purification was carried out in the purification chamber 2 having the structure shown in FIG. A water storage tank 12 storing water 11a was used in the first purification chamber 10, and activated carbon was used in the non-ammonia adsorbent layer 31 of the second purification chamber 30. 60 to 8 from odor gas generation
After 0 minutes, the panelist sniffed me. The result is 1.
It was 5.

(Example 2) Purification was carried out in the purification chamber 2 having the structure shown in FIG. Silica gel is used for the adsorbent layer 13 of the first purification chamber 10, and the ammonia catalyst layer 1 is provided in the branched air passage 6.
Alumina supporting platinum on platinum was used as 4, and activated carbon was used for the non-ammonia adsorbent layer 31 of the second purification chamber 30. The average of the results of smelling by the panelists after 60 to 80 minutes from the generation of odorous gas was 1.0, and after 3 hours, the average was 1.1.

Example 3 The same measurement as in Example 2 was carried out by using synthetic zeolite for the adsorbent layer 13 instead of the silica gel of Example 2. An average of 1.6 was obtained when the panelists sniffed 60 to 80 minutes after the generation of odorous gas.
After an hour, the average was 2.8. Here, the opening / closing means 1
7 and 19 were operated to heat the adsorbent layer 13 and the ammonia catalyst layer 14 to 200 ° C. to desorb and regenerate the ammonia adsorbed on the adsorbent layer 13, and then to start purification again. . The average of the results of smelling by the panelists was 1.7, and the purification performance was good.

(Embodiment 4) The cleaning effect was evaluated using the garbage disposal shown in FIG. Here, the garbage treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 15 is the same as the above-mentioned garbage treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 10, except that the first heating device 25a is provided between the intake 15 and the adsorbent layer 13 and the second purification is performed. Room 3
The second heating device 25b for heating 0 is connected to the second purification chamber 30.
And the silica gel 3 on the adsorbent layer 13
00g, platinum supported catalyst 40c on the ammonia catalyst layer 14
c, platinum is used in the second purification chamber 30 and the catalyst 30cc is used. In this Example, in this garbage processing apparatus, purification of the gas discharged from the garbage processing chamber 1 and regeneration of the adsorbent layer 13 were repeated in a 12-hour cycle. In this case, at the time of gas purification, the opening / closing means 17 opens the duct leading to the garbage processing chamber, closes the intake port 15, and turns off the first heating device 25a and turns on the second heating device 25b. The temperature was set to 150 ° C. (hereinafter referred to as purification operation). On the other hand, when the adsorbent layer 13 is regenerated, the opening / closing means 17 closes the duct leading to the garbage processing chamber, the intake port 15 is opened, and the first heating device 2 is used.
5a was turned on at 250 ° C., and the second heating device 25b was turned on at 150 ° C. (hereinafter referred to as regeneration operation). Then, as shown in FIG. 15, when one of the two purification units is in the purification operation, the other is in the regeneration operation, and the operation operations thereof are switched in a 12-hour cycle to purify the odorous gas and the purification unit. The regeneration was carried out at the same time in parallel and this cycle was continuously carried out for a long period of time.

Then, as the purification performance evaluation in the case where purification and regeneration were repeated in a 12-hour cycle, the removal performance was examined by using the ammonia discharged from the garbage treatment device as a purification performance index. That is, the ammonia concentrations on the purification operation side and the regeneration operation side in the treatment tank and the discharge ports of the two purification units were measured every 6 hours, and the results are shown in FIG.
It was shown to.

From the results shown in FIG. 16, even when the cleaning unit is repeatedly used for a long period of time in a 12-hour cycle, ammonia is removed from the exhaust side of both the purifying operation side and the regenerating operation side. It was confirmed that the performance did not deteriorate.

(Comparative Example 1) A comparative example was carried out in a purification chamber provided with only activated carbon which was an adsorbent layer for non-ammonia. The average of the results of the panelists sniffing after 60 to 80 minutes from the generation of odorous gas was 4.6.

(Comparative Example 2) A comparative example was carried out in a purification room equipped with only silica gel which was an adsorbent layer for ammonia. The average of the results of the panelists sniffing 60 to 80 minutes after the generation of odorous gas was 5.0.

(Comparative Example 3) The experiment was carried out in a purification chamber equipped with only a platinum catalyst heated to 200 ° C. 60 ~ from odor gas generation
After 80 minutes, the panelists sniffed the results as an average of 2.
It was 0.

[0060]

According to the apparatus for treating garbage according to claim 1 of the present invention, ammonia having a high content concentration and a large threshold value is first removed in the first purification chamber 10, and thereafter the content concentration is low.
Since the non-ammonia gas having a small threshold value is removed in the second purification chamber 30, the purification efficiency is good and good performance can be maintained for a long period of time.

In addition to the above effects, the garbage disposal according to claim 6 of the present invention has a dehumidifying device 4 especially in the ventilation passage 3.
Since it is provided, it is possible to prevent the function of the non-ammonia purification device from being deteriorated due to humidity.

In addition to the above effects, in particular, the apparatus for treating garbage according to claim 7 of the present invention can desorb ammonia from the adsorbent layer 13 and regenerate it, so that good performance can be maintained over a long period of time. .

In addition to the above effects, the garbage treatment device according to the ninth aspect of the present invention has, in particular, an ammonia catalyst layer 14
Since the air passage 6 including the air passage 6 and the air passage 3 connected to the second purification chamber 30 are branched to form the opening / closing means 19 capable of freely introducing and blocking the gas, the non-ammonia purification device is protected. , It is possible to prevent the deterioration of function.

In addition to the above effects, the garbage disposal according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention is particularly advantageous in that the ammonia catalyst layer 14 is used.
Since this adsorbent layer 13 can also be used, the device can be simplified.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an outline of a garbage processing device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of a garbage processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of a garbage processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a main part of the garbage processing device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an outline of another garbage processing device of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a main part of the garbage processing device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an outline of another garbage processing device of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of the garbage processing device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of a garbage processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of a garbage processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of a garbage processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of a garbage processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of the garbage processing device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of a garbage processing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of the garbage disposal used in Example 4.

16 is a graph plotting the ammonia concentration measurement results in the purification performance evaluation in Example 4. FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing chamber 2 Purification chamber 3,6 Ventilation path 4 Dehumidification device 5 Introduction path 10 First purification chamber 11 Device having a mechanism for contacting water or aqueous solution 12 Water tank 13 Adsorbent layer 14 Ammonia catalyst layer 15 Inlet 17 , 19 Opening / closing means 21, 33 Blower 25 Heating device 30 Second purification chamber 31 Non-ammonia adsorbent layer 32 Non-ammonia catalyst layer

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location B01J 23/42

Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. A garbage treatment apparatus comprising a treatment chamber (1) for treating garbage, and a purification chamber (2) for purifying gas containing an odorous component discharged from the treatment chamber (1),
The treatment of raw garbage in the treatment chamber (1) is performed by decomposition by microorganisms, and the purification chamber (2) has a plurality of zones and is a first purification chamber connected to the treatment chamber (1). (10)
An ammonia purifying device for purifying ammonia, and a non-ammonia purifying device for purifying non-ammonia gas in the second purification chamber (30) into which the gas that has passed through the first purification chamber (10) is introduced. Characteristic garbage disposal device. 2. The first purification chamber (10) is a device (1) having a mechanism in which ammonia comes into contact with water or an aqueous solution.
The raw garbage processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising 1). 3. The first purification chamber (10) comprises a water storage tank (12) storing water or an aqueous solution (11a), and gas discharged from the processing chamber (1) is stored in the water storage tank (12). The garbage processing apparatus according to claim 2, which is introduced into the garbage disposal device. 4. An aqueous solution (11) which comes into contact with the ammonia.
The garbage disposal device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a) is an aqueous solution containing a cationic exchange resin. 5. An aqueous solution (11
The food waste treatment device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a) is an aqueous solution having acidity. 6. A dehumidifying device (4) is provided in a gas passage (3) connecting the first purification chamber (10) and the second purification chamber (30). To claim 5
A garbage disposal apparatus according to any of the above. 7. An adsorbent layer (13) for ammonia in the first purification chamber (10) and the adsorbent layer (13).
The garbage disposal device according to claim 1, further comprising a catalyst layer (14) for ammonia provided in a ventilation passage (6) for the gas that has passed through. 8. An intake passage (5) for introducing the gas discharged from the processing chamber (1) to the adsorbent layer (13) is provided with an intake (15) for taking in outside air, and the intake (15) is provided. The open air means (17) capable of freely opening and closing the outside air from (4), the gas introduced from the introduction passage (5), and the introduction and blocking of these gases are formed. Processing equipment. 9. A vent passage (6) provided with the ammonia catalyst layer (14) and a vent passage (3) connected to the second purification chamber (30) are branched, and these vent passages (3) are provided. ), (6) is provided with an opening / closing means (19) capable of freely introducing and blocking the gas that has passed through the adsorbent layer (13). Raw garbage processing equipment. 10. A plurality of purification units each comprising the first purification chamber (10) and the second purification chamber (30) according to claim 7 or 8, and these purification units are arranged in parallel. 9. The garbage processing device according to claim 7 or claim 8 characterized in that. 11. The purification chamber (2) according to claim 8, wherein a separation plate (24) is used for the purification passage (2a) and the regeneration passage (2).
It is divided into b), the purification path (2a) and the regeneration path (2b).
The adsorbent layer (13) formed across the partition is the partition plate (2
4) is rotated about a central axis, and the purification passage (2a) further includes a second purification chamber (30) having an adsorbent layer (13) and a non-ammonia purification device, and a regeneration passage (2). Two
b) is the inlet (15), the adsorbent layer (13), and
9. The garbage treatment device according to claim 8, further comprising an ammonia catalyst layer (14). 12. The garbage treatment device according to claim 7, further comprising a heating device (25) for heating the first purification chamber (10). 13. The adsorbent constituting the adsorbent layer (13) is at least one selected from activated alumina, natural zeolite, synthetic zeolite, silica gel, activated clay, impregnated activated carbon, and ion exchange resin. The garbage disposal according to any one of claims 7 to 12. 14. The ammonia catalyst layer (14) according to claim 7, wherein a carrier is loaded with a noble metal or metal oxide having an oxidizing property.
3. The garbage processing device according to any one of 3 above. 15. The adsorbent layer (13) carries a noble metal or metal oxide constituting the ammonia catalyst layer (14), and the adsorbent layer (13) is an ammonia catalyst layer (14). 9. The garbage processing device according to claim 7 or 8, which is also used. 16. The garbage treatment device according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the noble metal is at least one of platinum, gold, silver, copper, palladium, ruthenium and rhodium. 17. The metal oxide is at least one of nickel oxide, manganese oxide, cobalt oxide, and iron oxide.
16. The garbage processing device according to claim 14 or claim 15, which is a seed. 18. The garbage treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the non-ammonia purification device according to claim 1 is provided with a non-ammonia adsorbent layer (31). 19. The non-ammonia adsorbent layer (3)
19. The garbage treatment device according to claim 18, wherein the adsorbent constituting 1) is activated carbon. 20. A non-ammonia catalyst layer (32) comprising a catalyst having an oxidizing performance in the non-ammonia purification device.
19. The method according to claim 18 or claim 1, characterized in that
9. The garbage processing device according to item 9. 21. Platinum, gold, silver, and
Noble metal consisting of copper, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium or nickel oxide, manganese oxide, cobalt oxide,
21. The garbage disposal according to claim 20, which carries at least one of metal oxides composed of iron oxide and vanadium pentoxide.