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JPH02294476A - Cathode for magnetron sputtering - Google Patents

Cathode for magnetron sputtering

Info

Publication number
JPH02294476A
JPH02294476A JP11219989A JP11219989A JPH02294476A JP H02294476 A JPH02294476 A JP H02294476A JP 11219989 A JP11219989 A JP 11219989A JP 11219989 A JP11219989 A JP 11219989A JP H02294476 A JPH02294476 A JP H02294476A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
target
cathode
magnetic field
permanent magnet
distribution
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP11219989A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2769572B2 (en
Inventor
Akinori Furuya
彰教 古谷
Shigeru Hirono
廣野 滋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp filed Critical Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
Priority to JP11219989A priority Critical patent/JP2769572B2/en
Publication of JPH02294476A publication Critical patent/JPH02294476A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2769572B2 publication Critical patent/JP2769572B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To form a proper leakage magnetic field and to obtain a constant distribution of formed film thickness by composing a cathode which doubles as a backing plate for a target by the use of a magnetic material and also constituting permanent magnets so that they are movable in a vertical direction in the rear part of the target. CONSTITUTION:In a vacuum tank 1 in which evacuation is exerted via an exhaust hole 1A and the desired gas is introduced via an inlet 1B, plasma is produced by means of an RF electric power source 17 to sputter a target 6 disposed in a manner to be opposed to a substrate 3, by which a thin film is formed on the substrate 3. Further, permanent magnets 10 are provided in the rear part of the target 6 so that they are movable in a direction perpendicular to the target 6 without breaking vacuum to regulate leakage magnetic field. In the above magnetron sputtering device, a cathode which doubles as a backing plate 14 for the target 6 is constituted of a magnetic material. By this method, a magnetic flux is shaped and the distribution of magnetic field is made always constant and, as a result, the formed film thickness distribution excellent in reproducibility can be obtained.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 [産業上の利用分野] 本発明は薄膜形成などに用いられるマグネトロンスパッ
タリング用のカソードに関するものである. [従来の技術] マグネトロンスパッタリング装置はコンベンショナルな
スパッタリング装置に比べ、堆積速度を飛躍的に向上さ
せることができるスパッタリング装置である. 第4図に従来のカソードを用いたマグネトロンスパッタ
リング装置の一部を示す。真空槽l内の基板ホルダ2上
に基板3が支持されている.真空糟lは排気口l^から
排気可能であり、かつガス導入口lBから所望のガスを
導入できる.絶縁体4によって真空槽1と絶縁された非
磁性のカソード5が基板3と対向するように真空槽内に
挿入される.カソード5は膜形成のためのターゲット6
のパッキングプレートの役割りを果す.カソード5は給
水口7および排水口8を具えて水玲可能である。カソー
ド5の内部にはヨーク9によフて磁気的に結合された永
久磁石lOが設けられている。11はノブ、l2は取付
け用ジグである。永久磁石lOによる磁力線l3はター
ゲット6を通過する。このように、マグネトロンスパッ
タリング装置はターゲットの裏面に磁石を設置し、ター
ゲット表面部に磁界を漏洩させることが特徴である。こ
の漏洩磁界により、ターゲット付近の電子はサイクロト
ロン運動をして、イオンの電離確率の増加が促進される
。このため、ターゲット近傍のプラズマ密度が増加し、
ターゲットに衝突するイオン数が増加するので、堆積速
度が増加することになる.また、漏洩磁界により、プラ
ズマがカソード近傍に局在化するため、基板の温度上昇
が少なくなることもマグネトロンカソードの特徴である
.これらの高速性、低温性のため、現在、膜形成プロセ
スにはマグネトロンスパッタリング装置が非常に多く用
いられるようになっている.しかし、ターゲット表面で
得られる磁界は、ターゲット裏面郎の永久磁石の磁界が
一旦ターゲット中を通過するものであるため、ターゲッ
トの材質が磁性体であるか非磁性体であるかに応じて、
あるいはターゲットの厚みに応じて永久磁石の選定を行
わなければならない.この永久磁石の選定は、ターゲッ
トの材質、厚みから、経験的に設定されていた。そこで
、本発明者らは、ターゲットの材質や厚みが変化した場
合でも、所望のターゲット磁束密度が容易に得られるよ
うに、ターゲット裏面部のfil石の位置を、真空を破
らず、ターゲット鉛直方向に移動させてカソ一ド漏洩磁
界強度が可変なカソードを特願昭62−275631号
において提案した。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a cathode for magnetron sputtering used for forming thin films. [Prior Art] Magnetron sputtering equipment is a sputtering equipment that can dramatically improve the deposition rate compared to conventional sputtering equipment. FIG. 4 shows a part of a conventional magnetron sputtering apparatus using a cathode. A substrate 3 is supported on a substrate holder 2 in a vacuum chamber l. The vacuum chamber 1 can be exhausted from the exhaust port 1^, and a desired gas can be introduced from the gas introduction port 1B. A non-magnetic cathode 5 insulated from the vacuum chamber 1 by an insulator 4 is inserted into the vacuum chamber so as to face the substrate 3. Cathode 5 is target 6 for film formation
It plays the role of a packing plate. The cathode 5 is provided with a water supply port 7 and a water discharge port 8 to allow water to be poured into the cathode 5 . A permanent magnet lO is provided inside the cathode 5 and is magnetically coupled by a yoke 9. 11 is a knob, and l2 is a mounting jig. The magnetic field lines l3 caused by the permanent magnet lO pass through the target 6. As described above, the magnetron sputtering apparatus is characterized in that a magnet is installed on the back surface of the target, and a magnetic field is leaked to the target surface. This leakage magnetic field causes electrons near the target to undergo cyclotron motion, promoting an increase in the probability of ionization of ions. Therefore, the plasma density near the target increases,
As the number of ions hitting the target increases, the deposition rate increases. Another feature of the magnetron cathode is that the plasma is localized near the cathode due to the leakage magnetic field, which reduces the temperature rise of the substrate. Because of their high speed and low temperature properties, magnetron sputtering equipment is now widely used in film formation processes. However, the magnetic field obtained on the target surface depends on whether the material of the target is magnetic or non-magnetic, since the magnetic field of the permanent magnet on the back side of the target passes through the target.
Alternatively, the permanent magnet must be selected depending on the thickness of the target. The selection of this permanent magnet was determined empirically based on the material and thickness of the target. Therefore, in order to easily obtain the desired target magnetic flux density even when the material or thickness of the target changes, the present inventors changed the position of the filtration stone on the back of the target in the vertical direction of the target without breaking the vacuum. In Japanese Patent Application No. 62-275631, a cathode was proposed in which the strength of the cathode leakage magnetic field could be varied by moving the cathode.

さらに本発明者らは、上記の漏洩磁界強度可変カソード
を用い、スパッタリング中のセルフバイアス電位が一定
となるようにフィードバックをかける薄膜形成装置を特
願昭63−257324号において提案し、この装置は
長期間にわたり、磁性膜形成を行っても堆積速度は常に
一定となり、工業的に優れた膜形成法であることを明ら
かにした。しかし、このカソードを用いたマグネトロン
スバッタリング装置では以下に述べる欠点を有していた
Furthermore, the present inventors proposed a thin film forming apparatus in Japanese Patent Application No. 63-257324 using the above variable leakage magnetic field strength cathode and applying feedback so that the self-bias potential during sputtering is constant. The deposition rate remained constant even when forming a magnetic film over a long period of time, demonstrating that it is an industrially superior film formation method. However, the magnetron battering device using this cathode had the following drawbacks.

[発明が解決しようとする課題] 上述した従来のマグネトロンカソードは、夕一ゲット漏
洩磁界強度を所望の値に変化出来るカソードであるが、
磁界強度を変化させた場合のターゲット磁界分布に関し
ては余り考慮されていない。ターゲット表面で得られる
磁界は、夕一ゲット裏面部の永久磁石の磁界が一旦ター
ゲット中を通過するものであるため、ターゲットの材質
が磁性体であるか非磁性体であるかに応じ、あるいはタ
ーゲットの厚みに応じて永久磁石の位置を前後に移動さ
せなければならない.しかし、このカソードで、非磁性
ターゲットを用いた場合、永久磁石位置を前後させると
、ターゲット中心において所望の磁界強度は得られても
、磁界分布は磁界強度変化と共に大きく変化し二ロージ
ョン領域も変化する. 第5図および第6図は、それぞれ従来のカソードにおい
て、非磁性のチタンターゲットと永久磁石間の距離をパ
ラメータとした場合の漏洩磁界分布および形成膜厚分布
を示したものである。従来のカソードでは、永久磁石間
の距離が大きくなるに連れて、磁界分布は広がり、膜厚
分布は中心が厚くなる。
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The conventional magnetron cathode described above is a cathode that can change the Yuichiget leakage magnetic field strength to a desired value.
Not much consideration is given to the target magnetic field distribution when the magnetic field strength is changed. The magnetic field obtained on the target surface depends on whether the material of the target is magnetic or non-magnetic, or because the magnetic field of the permanent magnet on the back of the target passes through the target. The position of the permanent magnet must be moved back and forth depending on the thickness of the magnet. However, when a non-magnetic target is used with this cathode, if the permanent magnet position is moved back and forth, even though the desired magnetic field strength can be obtained at the center of the target, the magnetic field distribution changes greatly as the magnetic field strength changes, and the two-losion region also changes. do. FIGS. 5 and 6 respectively show the leakage magnetic field distribution and the formed film thickness distribution in a conventional cathode when the distance between a non-magnetic titanium target and a permanent magnet is used as a parameter. In conventional cathodes, as the distance between the permanent magnets increases, the magnetic field distribution widens and the film thickness distribution becomes thicker at the center.

本発明は上述した従来の欠点を解決し、磁石の設計が容
易であり、かつ、ターゲットの材質、形状によらず、常
に、適切なカソード漏洩磁界かつ、常に同じ磁界分布が
得られるマグネトロンスパッタリング用のカソードを提
供することを目的とする. [課題を解決するための手段] 本発明者らは、磁束密度可変マグネトロンカソードの有
する問題点を鋭意検討した結果、夕一ゲットが強磁性体
であって、ターゲット表面にスパッタエッチングによる
エロージョンが形成され、ターゲットの磁気遮蔽効果が
変化した場合でも、永久磁石位置を前後させることによ
り、夕一ゲット表面の磁界強度、磁界分布は初期設定と
同等な状態が得られることを見いだした.本発明はター
ゲット裏面部に永久磁石を設け、永久磁石を、真空を破
らずにターゲットに対して垂直方向に移動させるための
機構を具えたマグネトロンスパッタリング装置のカソー
ドにおいて、カソードが磁性材料で構成されかつターゲ
ットのパッキングプレートを兼ねていることを特徴とす
る。
The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, allows easy magnet design, and is suitable for magnetron sputtering in which an appropriate cathode leakage magnetic field and always the same magnetic field distribution can be obtained regardless of the material or shape of the target. The purpose is to provide a cathode for [Means for Solving the Problems] As a result of intensive investigation into the problems of variable magnetic flux density magnetron cathodes, the present inventors found that the Yuichi target is a ferromagnetic material and erosion is formed on the target surface due to sputter etching. We found that even if the magnetic shielding effect of the target changes, by moving the permanent magnet position back and forth, the magnetic field strength and field distribution on the Yuichi target surface can be maintained at the same level as the initial settings. The present invention provides a cathode for a magnetron sputtering apparatus that is equipped with a permanent magnet on the back surface of a target and has a mechanism for moving the permanent magnet in a direction perpendicular to the target without breaking the vacuum. It is also characterized by serving as a target packing plate.

[作 用] 本発明によれば、カソードに磁性体パッキングプレート
を使用することにより、ターゲット裏面部の永久磁石か
らの磁束を整形させ、ターゲットの材質、形状によらず
、常に適切なカソード漏洩磁界かつ、常に同じ磁界分布
を得ることができる。
[Function] According to the present invention, by using a magnetic packing plate for the cathode, the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet on the back surface of the target is shaped, and the cathode leakage magnetic field is always appropriate regardless of the material or shape of the target. Moreover, the same magnetic field distribution can always be obtained.

[実施例] 以下に図面を参照して本発明の実施例を説明する。[Example] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

第1図は本発明の一実施例の概要を示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an outline of an embodiment of the present invention.

図中、第4図と同一部分は同一参照番号を付して説明を
省略する。第1図において、l4は鉄.ニッケル.パー
マロイなどの磁性体からなるパッキングプレート、l5
は0リング、l6は真空ボンブ、l7はRF電源、1B
はマッチングボックスである.本発明においては、カソ
ードであり、かつターゲット6を保持するパッキングプ
レートl4に磁性材料を用いている点が、第4図に示し
た従来例と最も異なる点である。本実施例においては、
永久磁石移動用ノブ11を用いることにより、永久磁石
をターゲットと垂直方向に、真空を破らす穆動可能であ
る.これにより、永久磁石とターゲット間の距離を変化
させることが可能となる.夕一ゲット表面の漏洩磁界は
ターゲットの裏面の磁界強度を変化させることにより、
即ち、永久磁石とターゲット間の距離を変化させること
により調節することができる.具体的に説明すると、漏
洩磁界が大きい場合には、この距離を大きくすることに
より、また、漏洩磁界が小さい場合には、この距離を小
さくすることにより所望の磁界強度を得ることができる
。さらに、パッキングプレートが磁性体であるため、磁
界強度が変化しても磁束がパッキングプレートにより整
形されるため磁界分布は常に一定となる。従来、磁界分
布の変動は、形成膜の膜厚分布の変動をもたらしていた
が、磁界分布を一定とすることで、再現性に優れた形成
膜厚分布が得られることが明らかとなった。従って、本
カソ一ド構成を用いると、ターゲットの材質を変え、磁
気遮蔽効果が変化した場合でも、所望の漏洩磁界強度、
一定の磁界分布を得ることが容易に可能であり、ターゲ
ットを長期使用しターゲット厚が減少した場合にも、タ
ーゲットと永久磁石の距離を調節することにより所望の
漏洩磁界強度を得ることができる. 第2図は本発明による磁性体パッキングプレートを用い
たカソードにおける非磁性のチタンターゲットと永久磁
石間の距離をパラメータとした場合の漏洩磁界分布を示
したものである.第5図に示したように、従来のカソー
ドでは、永久磁石との距離が大きくなるに連れて、磁界
分布は広がる.これに対して、磁性体パッキングプレー
トを用いたカソードでは、永久磁石とチタンターゲット
の距頗を変化させても一定の磁界分布を示すことがわか
る. 第3図は磁性体パッキングプレートを用いたカソードに
おける非磁性のチタンターゲットと永久磁石間の距離を
パラメータとした場合の形成膜厚分布を示したものであ
る.従来のカソ一ドでは、第6図に示したように永久磁
石との距離が大きくなるに連れて、膜厚分布は中心が厚
くなる.これに対して、磁性体パッキングプレートを用
いたカソードでは、永久磁石とチタンターゲットの距離
を変化させても一定の膜厚分布を示すことがわかる. [発明の効果] 以上説明したように、本発明によるマグネトロンカソー
ドでは、ターゲットの材質を変え、磁気遮蔽効果が変化
した場合でも、所望の漏洩磁界強度と一定の磁界分布を
得ることが容易に可能である.また、ターゲットを長期
使用しターゲット厚が減少した場合にも、ターゲットと
永久磁石の距離を調節することにより所望の漏洩磁界強
度を得ることができ、磁界強度の如何に依らず一定の磁
界分布および形成膜厚分布が得られる。
In the figure, the same parts as in FIG. 4 are given the same reference numerals, and the explanation will be omitted. In Figure 1, l4 is iron. nickel. Packing plate made of magnetic material such as permalloy, l5
is 0 ring, l6 is vacuum bomb, l7 is RF power supply, 1B
is a matching box. The present invention is most different from the conventional example shown in FIG. 4 in that a magnetic material is used for the packing plate l4, which serves as a cathode and holds the target 6. In this example,
By using the permanent magnet moving knob 11, the permanent magnet can be moved in a direction perpendicular to the target to break the vacuum. This makes it possible to change the distance between the permanent magnet and the target. The leakage magnetic field on the Yuichi target surface can be reduced by changing the magnetic field strength on the back side of the target.
That is, it can be adjusted by changing the distance between the permanent magnet and the target. Specifically, when the leakage magnetic field is large, the desired magnetic field strength can be obtained by increasing this distance, and when the leakage magnetic field is small, the desired magnetic field strength can be obtained by decreasing this distance. Furthermore, since the packing plate is a magnetic material, even if the magnetic field strength changes, the magnetic flux is shaped by the packing plate, so the magnetic field distribution always remains constant. Conventionally, variations in the magnetic field distribution have caused variations in the thickness distribution of the formed film, but it has become clear that by keeping the magnetic field distribution constant, a formed film thickness distribution with excellent reproducibility can be obtained. Therefore, when using this cathode configuration, even if the material of the target is changed and the magnetic shielding effect is changed, the desired leakage magnetic field strength and
It is easily possible to obtain a constant magnetic field distribution, and even if the target thickness decreases due to long-term use, the desired leakage magnetic field strength can be obtained by adjusting the distance between the target and the permanent magnet. Figure 2 shows the leakage magnetic field distribution when the distance between the non-magnetic titanium target and the permanent magnet is taken as a parameter in a cathode using the magnetic packing plate of the present invention. As shown in Figure 5, in the conventional cathode, the magnetic field distribution widens as the distance from the permanent magnet increases. On the other hand, it can be seen that the cathode using a magnetic packing plate shows a constant magnetic field distribution even if the distance between the permanent magnet and the titanium target is changed. Figure 3 shows the film thickness distribution when the distance between the non-magnetic titanium target and the permanent magnet is taken as a parameter in a cathode using a magnetic packing plate. In a conventional cathode, as the distance from the permanent magnet increases, the film thickness distribution becomes thicker at the center, as shown in Figure 6. In contrast, it can be seen that the cathode using a magnetic packing plate shows a constant film thickness distribution even if the distance between the permanent magnet and the titanium target is changed. [Effects of the Invention] As explained above, in the magnetron cathode according to the present invention, even when the material of the target is changed and the magnetic shielding effect is changed, it is possible to easily obtain the desired leakage magnetic field strength and constant magnetic field distribution. It is. In addition, even if the target thickness decreases due to long-term use, the desired leakage magnetic field strength can be obtained by adjusting the distance between the target and the permanent magnet, resulting in a constant magnetic field distribution and The formed film thickness distribution can be obtained.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明実施例の概要を示す断面図、第2図およ
び第3図は、それぞれ、本発明による磁性体パッキング
プレートを用いたカソ一ドにおいて非磁性ターゲットと
永久磁石間の距離をパラメータとした場合の漏洩磁界分
布図および形成膜厚分布図、 第4図は従来のカソードを用いたマグネトロンスバッタ
装置の概要図、 第5図および第6図は、それぞれ、従来のカソ一ドにお
いて非磁性ターゲットと永久磁石間の距離をパラメータ
とした場合の漏洩磁界分布図および形成膜厚分布図であ
る。 1・・・真空槽、 3・・・基板、 5・・・非磁性パッキングプレート、 6・・・ターゲット、 lO・・・永久磁石、
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an outline of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 respectively show the distance between a non-magnetic target and a permanent magnet in a cathode using a magnetic packing plate according to the present invention. A leakage magnetic field distribution diagram and a formed film thickness distribution diagram when used as parameters; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a magnetron scattering device using a conventional cathode; Figures 5 and 6 are respectively diagrams of a conventional cathode FIG. 7 is a leakage magnetic field distribution diagram and a formed film thickness distribution diagram when the distance between the nonmagnetic target and the permanent magnet is used as a parameter. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Vacuum chamber, 3... Substrate, 5... Non-magnetic packing plate, 6... Target, lO... Permanent magnet,

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1)ターゲット裏面部に永久磁石を設け、該永久磁石を
、真空を破らずに前記ターゲットに対して垂直方向に移
動させるための機構を具えたマグネトロンスパッタリン
グ装置のカソードにおいて、該カソードが磁性材料で構
成されかつ前記ターゲットのパッキングプレートを兼ね
ていることを特徴とするマグネトロンスパッタリング用
カソード。
1) In the cathode of a magnetron sputtering apparatus, which is equipped with a permanent magnet on the back surface of the target and is equipped with a mechanism for moving the permanent magnet in a direction perpendicular to the target without breaking the vacuum, the cathode is made of a magnetic material. What is claimed is: 1. A cathode for magnetron sputtering, characterized in that the cathode is composed of: and also serves as a packing plate for the target.
JP11219989A 1989-05-02 1989-05-02 Cathode for magnetron sputtering Expired - Lifetime JP2769572B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP11219989A JP2769572B2 (en) 1989-05-02 1989-05-02 Cathode for magnetron sputtering

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04329868A (en) * 1991-05-02 1992-11-18 Chugai Ro Co Ltd Pvd device
JP2008514810A (en) * 2004-09-28 2008-05-08 オー・ツェー・エリコン・バルザース・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト Method for manufacturing substrate formed by magnetron, and magnetron sputtering source
WO2010038593A1 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-08 キヤノンアネルバ株式会社 Device and method for depositing hard bias stack, and device and method for manufacturing magnetic sensor stack
WO2025051046A1 (en) * 2023-09-05 2025-03-13 苏州迈为科技股份有限公司 Magnetron sputtering-based adjustment method, sputtering cathode device, and sputtering device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5951975B2 (en) 2010-12-28 2016-07-13 キヤノンアネルバ株式会社 Sputtering equipment

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04329868A (en) * 1991-05-02 1992-11-18 Chugai Ro Co Ltd Pvd device
JP2008514810A (en) * 2004-09-28 2008-05-08 オー・ツェー・エリコン・バルザース・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト Method for manufacturing substrate formed by magnetron, and magnetron sputtering source
WO2010038593A1 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-08 キヤノンアネルバ株式会社 Device and method for depositing hard bias stack, and device and method for manufacturing magnetic sensor stack
WO2025051046A1 (en) * 2023-09-05 2025-03-13 苏州迈为科技股份有限公司 Magnetron sputtering-based adjustment method, sputtering cathode device, and sputtering device

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