JPS6370113A - automatic leveling device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention scans a light beam in a horizontal plane to create a water OS GI I
This invention relates to an automatic leveling device that performs.

(Prior art) Automatic leveling equipment, etc. that uses a laser beam as a light source to emit toward a surveying target and scans the beam in a horizontal plane to detect the target using the surveyor's eyes or a photoelectric detector. It has been known.

Among these types of devices, an automatic leveling device has been proposed that is equipped with a suspension means so that a horizontal plane can always be displayed with a laser beam even if the main body of the machine is tilted. For example, (a) a device that is equipped with a means for suspending the light source (semiconductor laser) so that the light from the light source (semiconductor laser) is always directed in the vertical direction, and that deflects the light beam by 90@ optical path to display a horizontal surface and perform leveling; , (b) f) U <,; H lobism disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 60-20017 is suspended at four points, and light is emitted from a light source (semiconductor laser) that is not attached to the machine body below the Porro prism. The luminous flux is! There is a device that directs the light vertically upward through a suspended Porro prism and a projection lens, and deflects the light beam by 90' to display the horizontal plane for leveling.

Therefore, even if the main body of the machine is tilted, there is an advantage that water turbine surveying can be carried out by always scanning the light within a horizontal plane perpendicular to the vertical direction.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the method (a), the power supply cord of the light source interferes with hanging the light source, making it difficult to perform highly accurate leveling.

In addition, in (b) above, even if the main body of the machine is set at an angle, the suspension method in which the Porro prism moves in parallel in a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction is not easy compared to free suspension. was there.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention includes a reflecting member for deflecting the luminous flux emitted from a light source by 180 degrees and reflecting it upward, and a free suspension member for freely suspending the reflecting member. By preparing,
The purpose of this invention is to solve such problems and provide a highly accurate automatic leveling device.

Note that free suspension means that by suspending a reflecting member, even if the main body of the machine is tilted, the member always maintains a constant posture with respect to the vertical and is suspended without changing its posture.

(Function) FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 are diagrams showing the principle of the present invention, and an 18o6 deflection roof prism (hereinafter abbreviated as roof prism) is an example of a reflective member having three reflective surfaces orthogonal to each other. List.

Figure 4 shows the shape of the roof prism. The roof prism 3 has three irregular surfaces, 3a3b, which are perpendicular to each other.
3c3d surface, 3a3d3e3f3g surface, and 3a3b3h3
The 3a3b3c3d surface and the 3a3b3hag surface, which are orthogonal to each other at the ridgeline 3a3d, constitute a roof surface.

Also, the 3c3d3e plane and the 3h3gaf plane are 3b3c3
e3f3h surface (prism bottom surface) and 3a3d3e3f3g
This is a side surface formed perpendicular to the surface.

A 180°C deflecting roof prism 3 is suspended from the main body 1 of the machine (always in the vertical direction) by a hanging member 2, and above the roof prism 3 there is a light source 4 and a focal length Elf that emits light from the light source 4. A projection lens 5 is arranged to make the light beam parallel.

In the above configuration, as shown in FIG.
According to Fig. 4, the light flux incident from the e3f3h surface is 3a
It is reflected twice on the roof surface formed by the mutually orthogonal surfaces of the 3b3c3d and 3c3b3h3g surfaces, and is reflected once more on the 3a3d3e3f3g surface orthogonal to these surfaces, and then exits from the 3a3d3e3f3g surface, each at a distance H from the optical axis. , ,H, in a parallel direction.

Here, the suspension length (the suspension length is the distance from the suspension point 1a of the suspension member 2 to the apex 3a of the roof prism) is l, and the glass path length P of the roof prism 3 (the glass path length is in this case , refers to the length of light along the optical axis from when it enters the roof prism until it exits.), and when the refractive index is n, the following equation is obtained. Note that θ1 and θ2 are minute angles θ, #5ilIθ
3. Assume that θz = sin θ2 holds true.

Therefore, the light flux passing through the projection lens 5 is as follows with respect to the optical axis:
Angle θ+'=H+/f, θ2°=Hz/
Since it is directed in the direction forming f, even if the machine body 1 is around 1, in order for the light beam passing through the light projecting lens 5 to always be parallel to the vertical axis, θ, ゛=θ,.

It is sufficient if θ2゛−θ2, that is, < ! t7. By setting the hanging length, it is possible to always obtain a projected light beam parallel to the vertical axis.

(Example 1) Example 1 of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 5 shows a specific example of the roof prism 3. That is -
Finally, since a semiconductor laser that emits infrared light is often used as the light source 4, visible light is required for confirmation, so a visible light source is attached to the roof prism 3 to deflect the light beam from the light source 4 by 180 degrees. The reflective surface of roof prism 3 (3a3d3e3f3
A right angle prism 6 is bonded to the right angle prism 6 (g side), the bonded surface is formed to have a property of transmitting infrared reflection and visible light i3, and the right angle prism 6 is
By providing the visible light beam 'a4A below, it is possible to project two beams of infrared light and visible light whose optical axes approximately coincide.

FIG. 6 shows an automatic water system 11 constructed based on the above-mentioned principle!
This is a first example of the optical arrangement of a surveying device.

A roof prism 3 suspended by a suspension member 2 is disposed at the mouth of the machine body, and the roof prism 3 has a "3-film reflective surface (3a3d in FIG. 4) having the characteristics of infrared reflection and visible light transmission.
The slopes of the right angle prism 6 are glued across the 3e3fag surface. A visible light source 4A is provided below this roof prism 3, and infrared light sources (semiconductor laser) 4 and 2 are provided above.
A light projecting lens 5 constituted by a group of lenses is disposed, and a pentaprism 7 is disposed above the light projecting lens so as to be rotatable about the optical axis of the light beam passing through the lens.

As mentioned above, the automatic leveling device shown in FIG. 6 is constructed based on the principles shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, so even if the machine body 1 is tilted, the suspension length l can be set to By doing so, the infrared light beam emitted from the projection lens 5 is always directed vertically upward.

Therefore, the light beam emitted from the pentaprism 7 can always display a true horizontal plane.

In addition, since the right-angle prism 6 is bonded to the roof prism 3 and the bonded surface is formed to have the characteristic of infrared reflected visible light i3, it is possible to set visible light [4A] below the right-angle prism 6. Accordingly, the approximate projection position of the infrared light beam can be easily determined by the naked eye.

Further, the projection lens 5 composed of two groups of lenses converts the light beam from the infrared light source 4 into a parallel light beam in the vertically upward direction. The projection lens is made movable as two groups in order to eliminate installation errors in the suspension length and the path length of the roof prism, and is configured so that the focal length can be changed by changing the lens interval.

(Example 2) FIG. 7 shows Example 2 according to the present invention. In place of the roof prism 3 used in Example 1, a replica corner cube is used. Replica corner cube
It is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-29442. The replica corner cube is die-cast from aluminum or the like, and has a triangular pyramid shape with approximately the same thickness.

Adhesive is applied to the triangular pyramid-shaped recess, and a replica mask on which a reflective metal thin film is vapor-deposited is brought into close contact with the replica mask, and once the reflective metal thin film is crimped, the replica mask is removed from the replica. A replica corner cube is created in this way.

To use this Replica Corner Cube S,
Considering that the refractive index is n-=1 for air, the hanging length is 1=
It may be set to r/'l.

Moreover, between the replica corner cube 9 and the projection lens 5, on the light beam created by deflecting the light beam from the light source (semiconductor laser) by 180 degrees by the replica corner cube 9,
A guichroic mirror 8 is provided. The dichroic ink mirror 8 transmits infrared light and reflects visible light.

The visible light beam is emitted by the visible light source 4A from a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the projection lens 5, is deflected by 90" by the guichroic mirror 8, is transmitted through the projection lens 5, and then is deflected by 90 degrees by the pentaprism 7. Therefore, the approximate projection position of the infrared light can be easily confirmed with the naked eye.

It goes without saying that the roof prism 3 used in the first embodiment may be used instead of the replica corner cube 9. Furthermore, instead of the reflecting member used in Example 1 or Example 2, three mirrors combined orthogonally to each other may be used. In this case as well, the suspension length is /l=f/2.

(Example 3) FIG. 8 shows Example 3 according to the present invention. In this embodiment, three mirrors assembled at right angles to each other are used as the reflecting member 10. In this case, by configuring one of the three reflecting surfaces to have characteristics of infrared reflection and visible light transmission, it is possible to input two luminous fluxes: visible light and infrared light.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, by adopting a simple suspension structure in which a reflecting member that deflects a light beam by 180@ is simply suspended freely in the vertical direction, the machine body can be It is possible to obtain an automatic leveling device that can always display the true horizontal plane even when tilted.

Furthermore, as is clear from the principle shown in Figs. 1 to 3 above, if the vertical length l from the suspension point 1a with the machine body to the apex of the reflecting member is kept constant, the reflection The suspension point 2a of the member can be selected arbitrarily.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1, 2, and 3 are configuration diagrams of the optical system showing the principle of the present invention. Figure 1 is a diagram when the machine body is not tilted, and Figure 2 is a diagram when the machine body is tilted. Figure 3 is a diagram showing the case where the main body of the machine is tilted in the front and rear directions, Figure 1 is a diagram showing a specific example of the roof prism, and Figure 3 is a perspective view of the roof prism. , FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram showing the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram showing the second embodiment of the present invention, and No. 8M is a schematic block diagram showing the third embodiment of the present invention. (Explanation of symbols of main parts) 1-・・・・・・・−a Machine body 1a ・−・−・−・・−・Suspension point with the machine body 2 −
----------Suspension member 2 a --------- Suspension point 3 of one reflective member ---
---・----- Roof prism 3 a ------
---・-Vertex 4 of roof prism ---・--Infrared light FA (semiconductor laser) 4A-----
−Visible light source S −−−−−−−・−・Light projection lens 6−−−−−−・・−・−Right angle prism 7−−−−−−
−1−−−−−−Penta Prism I8 ・・−・−・−−−−1−Dike Gofuku Mirror 9
−・−・−・−1−−−− Replica corner cube 9
a---Vertex 10 of the replica corner cube
・-1111---3 mirrors 10 combined orthogonally to each other a ---1---Vertex of 3 mirrors combined orthogonally to each other

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A light source means, a reflecting member that reflects the light beam from the light source means, a suspension member that suspends the reflecting member, a light projecting lens that projects the light from the reflecting member, and the light projecting member. In the automatic leveling device, the light source means supplies the light beam downward, and the reflecting member has three reflecting surfaces orthogonal to each other. An automatic leveling device characterized in that the light beam emitted from the light source is deflected by 180° and reflected upward, and the suspension member includes a free suspension member for freely suspending the reflecting member. (2) The reflecting member is a prism having three reflecting surfaces perpendicular to each other, and the length l of the reflecting member from the point of suspension by the freely suspended member to the apex of the reflecting member along the vertical direction is The automatic leveling device according to claim 1, characterized in that l={f+P[(n-1)/n]}/2. However, f: focal length of the projection lens. P: Glass path length of the reflective member. n: refractive index of the reflective member. (3) The three mutually orthogonal surfaces of the reflecting member are three reflecting mirrors, and the reflecting member has a length along the vertical direction from the suspension point of the freely suspended member to the apex of the reflecting member. 2. The automatic leveling device according to claim 1, wherein l is l=f/2. However, f: focal length of the projection lens.