KR100751652B1 - Noninvasive spinal cord injury in experimental vertebrates - Google Patents
Noninvasive spinal cord injury in experimental vertebrates Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
본 발명은 실험용 척추동물에서 혈관 성형 도관을 이용하여 비침습적으로 척수손상을 유발하는 방법 및 이에 의해 척수손상이 유발된 실험용 척추동물에 관한 것으로, 투시기(fluoroscopy) 하에서 요추와 천추 사이 공간에 경막외 주사바늘(epidural needle)을 삽입하고; 경막외 주사바늘에 유도철사(guide wire)를 삽입한 후 경막외 주사바늘을 제거하고; 유도철사를 통해 안내도관(introducer)을 장착한 후 유도철사를 제거하고; 안내도관을 통해 혈관성형풍선도관(angioplasty balloon catheter)을 삽입하고; 혈관성형풍선도관의 풍선을 부풀려 척수 손상을 유발하는 단계를 포함하는 방법에 의하면, 수술적인 방법이 필요하지 않고, 시술 후에 감염의 위험이 적고, 사람의 척수손상 환경과 가장 유사한 척수손상 모델을 제공하여, 척수손상에 대한 줄기세포 치료제 및 신약 등의 효과에 관한 연구 및 척수손상의 병리 생리학적인 연구에 사용될 수 있다.The present invention relates to a method for causing non-invasive spinal cord injury using an angioplasty conduit in experimental vertebrates and to an experimental vertebrate that is caused by spinal cord injury, and epidural in the space between the lumbar spine and the lumbar spine under fluoroscopy. Inserting an needle (epidural needle); Inserting a guide wire into the epidural needle and removing the epidural needle; After the guide wire (introducer) is mounted through the guide wire to remove the guide wire; Inserting an angioplasty balloon catheter through the intraocular duct; According to the method including the step of inflating the balloon of the angioplasty balloon conduit to cause spinal cord injury, there is no need for a surgical method, there is a low risk of infection after the procedure, provide a model of spinal cord injury most similar to the environment of human spinal cord injury Thus, it can be used for studies on the effects of stem cell therapeutics and new drugs on spinal cord injury, as well as pathological physiological studies on spinal cord injury.
Description
도 1은 혈관성형풍선도관의 외형을 보여주는 사진,1 is a photograph showing the appearance of the angioplasty balloon conduit,
도 2는 척수강 내 혈관성형풍선도관 내에 방사선 조영제가 채워진 것을 보여주는 투시기 영상,2 is a perspective image showing that the contrast medium is filled in the angioplasty balloon conduit in the spinal cavity,
도 3은 척수손상 이후 후지 마비된 상태의 개를 보여주는 사진이다.3 is a photograph showing a dog paralyzed after spinal cord injury.
1. Philip D. Purdy et al, 2004, AJNR 25: 1435∼1442쪽Philip D. Purdy et al , 2004, AJNR 25 : 1435-1144.
2. Philip D. Purdy et al, 2003, AJNR 24: 177∼184쪽Philip D. Purdy et al , 2003, AJNR 24 : pp. 177-184
3. Seijun Fukuda et al, 2005, Brain Res. Prot . 14: 171∼180쪽3. Seijun Fukuda et al , 2005, Brain Res. Prot . 14 pp. 171--180
4. D. Martin et al, 1992, J. Neurosci . Res. 32: 539∼550쪽4. D. Martin et al , 1992, J. Neurosci . Res. 32 : pp. 539-550
5. Allen AR, 1911, JAMA 57: 878∼880쪽5.Allen AR, 1911, JAMA 57 : pp. 878-880
본 발명은 줄기세포 또는 약물을 이용한 척수손상 치료 실험을 위하여, 실험 용 척추동물에서 혈관 성형 도관을 이용하여 비침습적인 척수손상을 유발하는 방법 및 이에 의해 척수손상이 유발된 실험용 척추동물에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for causing non-invasive spinal cord injury by using angioplasty conduit in experimental vertebrates, and to a spinal cord injury induced by spinal cord injury for experiments using stem cells or drugs. .
척수손상(spinal cord injury)은 선천적 질환이라기보다 대부분 후천적인 사고로 인하여 척수에 손상이 가해져 손상된 자리를 통과하는 감각신호와 운동신호의 수행이 영향을 받게 되어 감각신경(sensory neuron)이나 운동신경(motor neuron)의 전달 장애를 초래하여 인체기능을 부분적 또는 완전 마비 상태에 이르게 하는 질환을 일컫는다.Spinal cord injury is not a congenital disease, but rather an acquired accident that causes damage to the spinal cord and affects the performance of sensory and motor signals that pass through the damaged area. It refers to a disease that leads to impaired transmission of motor neurons and leads to partial or complete paralysis of human function.
척수마비는 연령대를 가리지 않고, 특히 활동적인 젊은 연령대에 많이 발생되어 크나큰 사회적인 손실을 야기하게 된다. 더욱이, 현대의학으로는 척수마비를 완전히 치료할 수 있는 방법은 전무한 상태로, 환자가 더 악화되지 않도록 보살펴 주는 재활 수준에 멈추어져 있는 것이 현실이다.Spinal cord paralysis is age-dependent, especially among active younger ages, causing significant social losses. Moreover, in modern medicine, there is no way to completely cure a spinal palsy, and the reality is that it is stopped at the level of rehabilitation that takes care of the patient.
그러나, 의학의 눈부신 발전에 따라, 향후 척수마비를 개선 또는 치료할 수 있는 방법들이 다양하게 모색되고 있다. 그중 하나가 줄기세포(stem cell) 치료요법으로, 많은 환자들이 이 치료법에 대해 희망을 걸고 있다.However, due to the remarkable development of medicine, there are various ways to improve or treat spinal cord palsy in the future. One of them is stem cell therapy, which many patients hope for.
한편, 이와 같은 줄기세포 치료요법과 척수마비에 적합한 신약을 개발 및 응용하기 위해서는 인체와 유사한 동물모델을 절실히 필요로 하고 있으며, 이들 동물모델이 개발될 경우 신약 등이 인체에 적용될 수 있는 시간이 단축될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.Meanwhile, in order to develop and apply new drugs suitable for stem cell therapy and spinal cord paralysis, animal models similar to humans are urgently needed, and when these animal models are developed, the time for new drugs to be applied to the human body is shortened. I expect to be able.
척수손상 유발에 관한 연구는 Allen(Allen AR, 1911, JAMA 57: 878∼880쪽)에 의하여 처음 제시되었다. 종래에는 척수를 노출시키거나 접근하기 위하여, 척추 추궁절제술(laminectomy)이 요구되었다. 척추추궁절제술은 척추의 일부분을 제거하는 방법으로, 이에 의해 척추의 직접적인 손상과 주위 근육 조직의 손상을 유발하게 된다. 이 방법에 의해 유발된 척수손상은 실제 사람의 척수손상 환경과 차이가 날 수 있으며, 수술 후에 나타나는 척수 주위의 염증이나 수술 후 조직의 협착을 유발하여, 실제 치료제를 도입하여 결과를 보고자 하는 데에도 많은 잠재적인 요인이 작용하게 된다. 또한, 수술로 척수를 노출시킬 경우에는 세균, 수술 후 감염 등에 대한 위험도가 높다.A study on the induction of spinal cord injury was first presented by Allen (Allen AR, 1911, JAMA 57 : 878-880). Conventionally, laminectomy has been required to expose or access the spinal cord. Spinal resection is a method of removing a part of the spine, which causes direct damage to the spine and damage to surrounding muscle tissue. Spinal cord injury caused by this method may be different from the actual environment of spinal cord injury in humans, and it may cause inflammation around the spinal cord or postoperative narrowing of tissues after surgery. Many potential factors come into play. In addition, when the spinal cord is exposed to surgery, there is a high risk of bacteria and postoperative infection.
근래, Purdy 등(Philip D. Purdy et al, 2004, AJNR 25: 1435∼1442쪽; 및 Philip D. Purdy et al, 2003, AJNR 24: 177∼184쪽)이나, Fukuda 등(Seijun Fukuda et al, 2005, Brain Res. Prot . 14: 171∼180쪽)에 의하여, 척추추궁절제술에 의하지 않고, 척수에 대한 손상을 유발하는 방법이 보고되어 있다. 즉, Fukuda 등은 요추 4번째 부위에서 척추 외측 구멍으로 접근하여, 경질외 공간(epidural space)에 혈관성형도관를 삽입하고 풍선을 부풀려 척수손상을 유발하였다. 그러나, Fukuda 등은 투시기를 사용하지 않았기 때문에 척추 외측 구멍으로 접근하기 위해서 수술적으로 근육에 손상을 주어야 했다. 한편, Purdy 등은 투시기 하에서 요추 4번째(L4) 부위에 있는 척추 외측 구멍(lateral foramen)을 통해 거미막밑 공간(subarachnoid space)으로 도관을 삽입하여 척수손상을 유발하였는데, 경피적인 접근으로 감염에 대한 위험을 최소화하고 있다.Recently, Purdy et al . (Philip D. Purdy et al , 2004, AJNR 25 : 1435-1442; and Philip D. Purdy et al , 2003, AJNR 24 : 177-184), or Fukuda et al . (Seijun Fukuda et al , 2005, Brain Res. Prot . 14 : pp . 171 to 180) reported a method of causing damage to the spinal cord, not by spinal vertectomy. In other words, Fukuda et al. Approached the outer vertebral opening at the fourth lumbar spine, inserted an angioplasty catheter into the epidural space, and inflated the balloon to cause spinal cord injury. However, Fukuda et al. Did not use sighting and had to surgically injure the muscle to gain access to the outside of the spine. On the other hand, Purdy et al. Induced spinal cord injury by inserting a catheter through the lateral foramen at the fourth lumbar spine (L4) into the subarachnoid space. Minimize risk.
그러나, Fukuda 등과 Purdy 등은 모두 척추 외측 구멍으로 접근하고 있는데, 이 부분에는 척수의 신경 줄기와 혈관이 분포되어 있어, 수술적인 방법이나 투시기 로 보조하여 접근하더라도 신경과 혈관에 대한 손상 위험성을 안고 있다. 또한, Purdy 등의 경우에는 거미막밑 공간으로 풍선 도관을 삽입하고 있는데, 이는 척수의 항상성을 유지하는 것에 영향을 미칠 수 있다.However, both Fukuda and Purdy approach the outside of the spinal column, and the nerve trunks and blood vessels of the spinal cord are distributed in this area, and there is a risk of damage to the nerves and blood vessels even when assisted by surgical methods or fluoroscopy. . In addition, Purdy et al. Insert a balloon conduit into the subarachnoid space, which may affect maintaining the homeostasis of the spinal cord.
본 발명의 목적은 줄기세포 치료제나 신약 등을 척수마비 치료에 사용하기 위하여 사람 모델과 가장 유사한 실험용 척추동물에서의 비침습적인 척수손상 모델을 제공하고자 하는 것이다.An object of the present invention is to provide a non-invasive spinal cord injury model in experimental vertebrates most similar to the human model for the treatment of stem cell therapy or new drugs.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명에서는,In the present invention to achieve the above object,
투시기(fluoroscopy) 하에서 요추와 천추 사이 공간에 경막외 주사바늘(epidural needle)을 삽입하고;Inserting an epidural needle into the space between the lumbar spine and the lumbar spine under fluoroscopy;
경막외 주사바늘에 유도철사(guide wire)를 삽입한 후 경막외 주사바늘을 제거하고;Inserting a guide wire into the epidural needle and removing the epidural needle;
유도철사를 통해 안내도관(introducer)을 장착한 후 유도철사를 제거하고;After the guide wire (introducer) is mounted through the guide wire to remove the guide wire;
안내도관을 통해 혈관성형풍선도관(angioplasty balloon catheter)을 삽입하고;Inserting an angioplasty balloon catheter through the intraocular duct;
혈관성형풍선도관의 풍선을 부풀려 척수 손상을 유발하는 단계를 포함하는,Inflating the balloon of the angioplasty balloon conduit to cause spinal cord injury,
실험용 척추동물에서 비침습적인 척수손상을 유발하는 방법을 제공한다.Provided are methods for causing non-invasive spinal cord injury in experimental vertebrates.
본 발명에 따른 척수손상을 유발하는 방법은 경막외 마취법을 응용한 것으로, 경막외 주사바늘을 통과시킨 후 유도철사를 삽입하고 이를 따라 경막외로 들어 간 안내도관(introducer)을 통하여 혈관성형풍선도관을 삽입하는 과정을 포함한다. 따라서, 경막외 주사바늘, 안내도관, 풍선도관 등의 크기가 한정되어 있으므로, 본 발명의 방법은 약 5∼6 ㎏ 이상의 척추동물, 예를 들어 개, 돼지, 말, 소, 원숭이, 침팬지 등에 적용할 수 있다.The method of inducing spinal cord injury according to the present invention is applied by epidural anesthesia, and after the epidural needle is inserted, an induced wire is inserted and the vascular forming balloon conduit is introduced through the guided epithelium. It involves the process of insertion. Therefore, the size of epidural needles, guide conduits, balloon conduits, etc. is limited, so the method of the present invention is applied to vertebrate animals, for example, dogs, pigs, horses, cows, monkeys, chimpanzees, and the like about 5-6 kg or more. can do.
본 발명의 방법에서 경막외 주사바늘은 요추와 천추 사이에 삽입된다. 마지막 요추와 첫번째 천추 사이가 가장 넓은 배측 구멍이 되므로 이를 통하는 것이 가장 안전하고 확실하다. 다른 부위도 가능하긴 하지만 경막외가 아닌 거미막하로 들어가거나 척수 자체를 손상시킬 우려가 있다. 외측 구멍으로 삽입 시에는 외측 구멍 주위로 혈관과 신경줄기가 분포하고 있어, 이들 구조를 직접 손상시키거나 삽입한 부위의 척수 손상을 유발시킬 수 있다. 따라서, 목적한 부위의 손상이 아닌 곳에서 병변이 형성될 수 있어 부정확하다.In the method of the present invention, the epidural needle is inserted between the lumbar spine and the sacrum. The widest dorsal opening between the last lumbar spine and the first lumbar spine is the safest and most secure. Other areas are possible, but they may enter the subarachnoid rather than epidural or damage the spinal cord itself. When inserted into the outer opening, blood vessels and nerve stems are distributed around the outer opening, thereby directly damaging the structure or causing spinal cord injury at the insertion site. Therefore, lesions may be formed where the target site is not damaged, which is inaccurate.
본 발명의 방법에서 혈관성형풍선도관을 부풀릴 때는 생리식염수와 혈관조영제의 1:1 혼합물을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. 다른 유체도 가능하지만, 투시기를 통하여 풍선의 부풀림(즉, 척수의 압박 상태)를 확인하기 위해서는 조영제가 포함되어야 한다.When inflating the angioplasty balloon duct in the method of the present invention, it is preferable to use a 1: 1 mixture of saline and angiography. Other fluids are possible, but contrast agents must be included to check for balloon inflation (ie, compression of the spinal cord) through seepage.
본 발명에 따라 유발된 척수손상 모델은, 종래에 개발된 척수손상 모델과 비교할 때 사람의 척수손상 환경과 가장 유사하여, 척수손상에 대한 줄기세포 치료제 및 신약 등의 효과에 관한 연구 및 척수손상의 병리 생리학적인 연구에 사용될 수 있다.The spinal cord injury model induced by the present invention is most similar to the spinal cord injury environment in humans when compared to a conventionally developed spinal cord injury model, and thus studies on the effects of stem cell therapeutics and new drugs on spinal cord injury and spinal cord injury It can be used for pathophysiological studies.
본 발명에 따른 방법은 수술적인 방법을 사용함으로써 생길 수 있는 감염이 나 수술 후 근육에 대한 염증 등 연구에 미칠 수 있는 잠재적인 요인을 최소화하기 위해, 수술적 방법의 적용 없이 경피적으로 접근하고자 하는 것이다. 즉, 본 발명의 방법에 따르면 감염에 대한 위험을 최소화할 뿐 아니라, 복잡한 수술 적용 없이 쉽게 실험용 척추동물에서 척수손상을 유발할 수 있다.The method according to the present invention is intended to be a percutaneous approach without the application of surgical methods in order to minimize potential factors that may affect research such as infection or inflammation of muscles after surgery. . In other words, the method of the present invention not only minimizes the risk of infection, but also can easily cause spinal cord injury in experimental vertebrates without complex surgical applications.
또한, 본 발명의 방법에서는 경막 외막에 접근함으로써, 혈관성형도관을 통하여 척수에 직접 약물 투여(intraspinal injection)가 가능하다. 또한, 경막 외 압박 손상을 유발함으로써, 사람의 척수 손상과 가장 유사한 환경을 유발할 수 있다는 장점이 있다.In addition, in the method of the present invention, by accessing the epidural epicardium, intraspinal injection is possible directly to the spinal cord through angioplasty conduit. In addition, by inducing epidural compression damage, there is an advantage that can cause the environment most similar to human spinal cord injury.
이하, 실시예를 통하여 본 발명을 더욱 상세히 설명한다. 단, 이들 실시예는 본 발명의 예시일 뿐, 본 발명의 범위가 이들만으로 제한되는 것은 아니다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, these Examples are only illustrative of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
실시예Example
개(비글견, 3년령, 7.2∼11.2 ㎏)를 전신 호흡 마취 후, 투시기(Mobile C-ARM system, MCA-6100, MedisonXray Co., Ltd., Korea)의 유도 하에 요천추 사이에 공간을 통해서 경막 외 공간 내로 경막 외 바늘(spinal Tuohy type needle) (Perfix® Soft 500 filer set, G18x3¼, B. Braun Melsungen AG)을 삽입하였다. 여기에 유도철사(guide wire: Cook 사의 Introducer Set에 포함되어 있는 것으로, 직경 0.035 인치, Fixed Cor Wire Guides, Safe-T-J Curved, 길이 50 ㎝ 끝부분 만곡 후 부분 3 ㎜)를 삽입한 다음에, 유도철사는 남겨 놓고 경막 외 바늘을 제거하였다. 이 유도철사는 혈관 내 삽입 시 만곡된 부위를 따라서도 진행할 수 있으며, 혈관의 분지의 형태에 따라 끝 부분의 선택은 달라져야 원활한 삽입이 가능하다. 유도철사를 따라서 안내도관(introducer, size 5Fr; Check Flo® Preformer® introducerset, Cook®, USA)를 장착하고 유도철사를 제거하였다. 장착된 안내도관을 통해서 혈관성형풍선도관(5F catheter with a Fogarty angioplasty, Arterial Embolectomy Catheters, Edwards Lifesciences LLC, USA)을 넣었다. 도 1은 혈관성형풍선도관의 외형을 보여주는 사진이다.Dogs (beagle dogs, 3 years old, 7.2-11.2 kg) were subjected to general respiratory anesthesia, and then through the space between the lumbar spine under the guidance of a mobile C-ARM system, MCA-6100, MedisonXray Co., Ltd., Korea. An epidural needle (Perinal® Soft 500 filer set, G18x3¼, B. Braun Melsungen AG) was inserted into the epidural space. Guide wire (included in Cook's Introducer Set, 0.035 inch in diameter, Fixed Cor Wire Guides, Safe-TJ Curved, 50 mm long, 3 mm after end bend) is inserted. The wire was removed and the epidural needle was removed. The guided wire can also proceed along the curved area when the blood vessel is inserted, and the end of the selection according to the shape of the branch of the blood vessel can be inserted smoothly. A guide wire (introducer, size 5Fr; Check Flo® Preformer® introducerset, Cook®, USA) was mounted along the guided wire and the guided wire was removed. An angioplasty balloon conduit (5F catheter with a Fogarty angioplasty, Arterial Embolectomy Catheters, Edwards Lifesciences LLC, USA) was inserted through the attached guide conduit. Figure 1 is a photograph showing the appearance of the angioplasty balloon conduit.
혈관성형풍선도관을 통해 생리식염수와 혈관조영제(iohexol, Omnipaque, Amersham Health, Cork, Ireland)의 1:1 혼합물로 압박 손상을 주고자 하는 부위를 확인하면서 원하는 부위에 도달했을 때 풍선을 부풀려 척수를 직접 압박하였다. 압박하고자 하는 시간이 지나고 나면, 투시기로 확인하면서 안내도관과 혈관성형풍선도관을 제거하였다. 도 2는 척수강 내 혈관성형풍선도관 내에 방사선 조영제가 채워진 것을 보여주는 투시기 영상이다.The angioplasty balloon conduit is a 1: 1 mixture of physiological saline and angiography (iohexol, Omnipaque, Amersham Health, Cork, Ireland) that identifies the area to be damaged and inflates the balloon when it reaches the desired area. Direct compression After the time to compress, the guide and the angioplasty balloon conduit were removed while checking with a fluoroscopy. FIG. 2 is a perspective image showing that a contrast agent is filled in an angioplasty balloon conduit in the spinal cavity. FIG.
이상과 같이, 생리식염수와 혈관조영제의 1:1 혼합물 1.0 ㎖ 부피로 한 시간 동안 압박할 경우, 회복되지 않는 완전한 후지마비를 유발하였다. 도 3은 척수손상 이후 후지 마비된 상태의 개를 보여주는 사진이다.As described above, when pressed for 1.0 hour in a volume of 1.0 ml of 1: 1 mixture of saline and angiography, complete recovery of Fuji was not induced. 3 is a photograph showing a dog paralyzed after spinal cord injury.
이상에서 살펴본 바와 같이, 실험용 척추동물에서 비침습적인 척수손상을 유발하는 본 발명의 방법에 의하면, 수술적인 방법이 필요하지 않고, 시술 후에 감염의 위험이 적고, 사람의 척수손상 환경과 가장 유사한 척수손상 모델을 제공하여, 척수손상에 대한 줄기세포 치료제 및 신약 등의 효과에 관한 연구 및 척수손상의 병리 생리학적인 연구에 사용될 수 있다.As described above, according to the method of the present invention for inducing non-invasive spinal cord injury in experimental vertebrates, there is no need for a surgical method, less risk of infection after the procedure, spinal cord most similar to the human spinal cord injury environment Injury models can be provided and used in studies of the effects of stem cell therapies and new drugs on spinal cord injury, and in the pathophysiological studies of spinal cord injury.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104257437A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-07 | 谢杨 | Animal spinal cord injury modeling device |
| KR101914839B1 (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2018-11-02 | 경북대학교 산학협력단 | Device for chronic spinal cord injury and method for inducing chronically spinal cord injury |
| CN113040966A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-06-29 | 福建医科大学附属协和医院 | Implantable pressure-controllable micro-balloon small animal spinal nerve compression device |
| KR102293426B1 (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2021-08-26 | 재단법인 자생의료재단 | Animal model of lumbar spinal stenosis and manufacturing method thereof |
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| KR0151437B1 (en) * | 1992-04-08 | 1998-10-01 | 리차드 이 듀에르 2세 | Endoscopy for direct visualization of the spine and epidural space |
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| US4723547A (en) | 1985-05-07 | 1988-02-09 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Anti-obesity balloon placement system |
| KR0151437B1 (en) * | 1992-04-08 | 1998-10-01 | 리차드 이 듀에르 2세 | Endoscopy for direct visualization of the spine and epidural space |
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| CN104257437A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-01-07 | 谢杨 | Animal spinal cord injury modeling device |
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| KR101914839B1 (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2018-11-02 | 경북대학교 산학협력단 | Device for chronic spinal cord injury and method for inducing chronically spinal cord injury |
| KR102293426B1 (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2021-08-26 | 재단법인 자생의료재단 | Animal model of lumbar spinal stenosis and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113040966A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-06-29 | 福建医科大学附属协和医院 | Implantable pressure-controllable micro-balloon small animal spinal nerve compression device |
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