KR100854551B1 - Acupressure plate and PC panel combined retaining wall structure and construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a retaining wall construction method using the underground bolt, a pressure plate, and a PC panel, and its structure. The secondary reinforcement in combination with to reduce the backfill area and ensure the increased stability of the base, and the configuration according to the present invention is first fastened with a nut while the ground bolt is tensioned through the pressure plate Then, the ground bolt is coupled to the PC panel and tightened with the nut to be secondarily fixed and compressed to cut the cutting surface. The fixing groove is formed in a shape corresponding to the ground bolt and the ground bolt is inclined with respect to the ground or the pressure plate. When installed, it characterized in that it comprises a configuration to install the levering block under the pressure plate to adjust the installation angle of the pressure plate.

Underground bolt, PC panel, acupressure plate, grouting, retaining wall, leveling block, cutout, backfill, settling groove

Description

Retaining Wall Adopting the Combination of Pressing Plate and Precast Concrete Panel, And The Construction Method Thereof.

1 is a process diagram showing a retaining wall construction process by a conventional PEM method

2 is a process diagram showing a retaining wall construction process according to the present invention

Figure 3 is a side view showing the PC panel and the pressure plate coupling structure according to the present invention (when coupled horizontally with the ground bolt)

Figure 4 is a side view showing the PC panel and the pressure plate coupling structure according to the present invention (when coupled in the oblique direction with the ground bolt)

5 is a reinforcement by combining the ground bolt, the pressure plate and the PC panel, Figure 5 (a) is the primary reinforcement of the ground bolt and the pressure plate, Figure 5 (b) is a secondary reinforcement by the combination of the ground bolt and the PC panel Figure 6 is a side cross-sectional view showing a state in which the secondary ground is reinforced by the combination of the ground bolt, the pressure plate and the PC panel.

Figure 7 is a side cross-sectional view showing the installation structure of the ground bolt when there is a joint surface of the rock

Figure 8 is a side cross-sectional view showing the increase in site usability when the underground bolt is installed inclined

9 is a front view and a side view illustrating a process of replacing only a damaged PC panel

<Explanation of symbols for main parts of drawing>

1: cut-out surface, 2: ground bolt hole, 3: earth bolt, 4: micro pile,

5: front panel, 6: backfill soil, 7: jack, 8: chiropractor, 9: PC panel,

91: PC panel front part, 92: PC panel rear part, 10, 11: fixing nut,

12, 12 ': lever block, 13, 13': fixing pin hole and fixing pin, 14: ground, 15: fixing groove,

16: concave

The present invention relates to a multi-stage retaining wall installed to protect the cut surface, and first installs the pressure plate through the ground bolt (Earth Bolt) to the cutting surface exposed after cutting the slope surface to stabilize the unstable cutting surface and the PC on the pressure plate again The panel is coupled to the ground bolt through the ground bolt relates to a structure that can be installed horizontally or inclined with respect to the ground.

In general, PC retaining wall and Earth Bolt coupling retaining wall is tensioned with Earth Bolt embedded in the cutting surface, and then joins the PC panel in front of the cutting surface to compress the backing soil of the PC panel. It is a method that acts as a kind of gravity body to resist the horizontal earth pressure on the cutting surface. It has the advantage of greater reinforcement effect of the ground plate and top-down construction than the general retaining wall method without using underground bolts.

PEM retaining wall, which is a typical method using a PC panel and underground bolts, cuts to form an inclined surface according to the repose angle of the soil to the bottom surface to form the retaining wall, and anchor holes at predetermined intervals in the horizontal direction at the bottom of the cut slope. Excavation in a direction close to a right angle to the retaining wall surface, inserting the ground bolt in the center of the anchor hole, and filling the anchor hole with cement mortar or the like, and curing. After inserting the front plate with holes formed therein, it is fastened as a nut, and the earth is filled in the space between the front plate and the cut surface to form a fill layer, and the nut is further tightened to compress the stress layer. The ground bolts are subjected to prestressing tension, and the process is repeated on the upper cutting surface. It was a retaining wall construction method characterized by finishing the body retaining wall. In order to understand this method, the construction process is as follows.

1. Cut the upper 3m section of the upper part of the inclined surface (cutting gradient 1: 0.2 to 0.3) (Fig. 1A).

2. After selecting the drilling position on the cut-out surface, drill the underground bolt hole (1) (drilling diameter 75mm, C.T.C 1.5m) (Fig. 1. B).

3. Insert the ground bolt (Ø25), Spacer and Ø12 PVC hose, insert the ground bolt into the ground bolt hole, insert the casing pipe for the blocking material, and cement grouting (injection pressure ³ ~ 5Kg / cm ² ). (Fig. 1 c).

4. Cut the lower 3m section of the upper part and perform the above steps 1 to 3 (Fig. 1 D).

5. Install the basic block (Fig. 1 e), drill the micro pile location (drilling diameter 75mm, CTC 1.0m), and insert and grout the micro pile (Ø32 deformed steel bar) (Fig. 1). F).

6. Waterproof the free bolts of the underground bolts, install the front plate on the underground bolts, and tighten the nuts (Fig. 1. g).

7. Carry back filling and back filling on the front panel (Fig. 1. a).

8. Lay the next faceplate on the faceplate and backfill compaction (Fig. 1).

9. Tighten the ground bolts (average 5-7 tons) by installing jacks on the ground bolts and the faceplate (Fig. 1).

10. After tightening the nut, cut out the protruding tension member, grout the end, and install the cap at the end of the tension member to complete the installation of the upper PEM retaining wall (Fig. 1. K).

11. Complete the installation of the upper and lower PEM retaining walls by following the same procedure as in 1 to 10 (Fig. 1).

However, the construction method as described above has the following problems. First, it takes a lot of time because the process of construction procedure 1 to construction procedure 10 should be completed until the tension is completed and the structural mechanism of the retaining wall is fully operated after the PC panel and the earth bolt are struck. The ground (cutting part) of the ground is loosened (loose), which causes the problem of ground instability and fragility.

Secondly, the ground bolts are installed horizontally with respect to the ground surface, so the horizontal length of the ground required for the ground bolts to act becomes longer (because a certain length of ground bolts must be used to secure the compressive force). In case of crossing the boundary, in order to prevent this, the amount of cut is inevitably reduced so that underground bolts can be inserted and buried enough. Therefore, there is a problem that the site availability is deteriorated. In case of rock, the direction of jointing (rock formation) cannot be considered There was a problem that the effect of the suture is low because it is installed only in the horizontal direction.

Third, the conventional PEM retaining wall method has a structure in which PC panels are stacked, so that in case of damage to the P.C panel part due to an external shock such as an earthquake, it is difficult to replace only the corresponding panel and rebuild a certain section.

The present invention, first, to make a safer structure by restraining the loosening (loose) of the cut of the cut part as much as possible for this purpose separately from the PC panel to combine the pressure plate with the ground bolt to stabilize the base plate and again on the PC panel Combining the above and the ground bolt to double compression to provide a combined configuration of the PC panel and the pressure plate to secure the stability of the original ground, and secondly, the ground bolt not only in the horizontal direction to the ground but also in the inclined direction It is intended to increase the utilization of the site by providing a mechanically superior retaining wall by reducing the horizontal distance when installing underground bolts, and to make it easy and efficient to replace damaged PC panels. .

The configuration and operation of the present invention is as follows.

5. As shown in FIG. 5, drill the underground bolt hole on the cutout surface 1, insert the underground bolt 3, first install the pressure plate 8 first, and tighten the underground bolt to tighten the nut 11. The reinforcement is stabilized so that the cut is stabilized before the cut is loose. 5. As shown in FIG. 5B, the underground bolt is connected to the ground bolt extending through the pressure plate 11, and the ground bolt is coupled to the nut 10 so that the pressure plate is coupled in a state where the PC panel is covered. Reinforce the secondary by tightening. Accordingly, by using a pressure plate alone, the stability of the base can be increased by increasing the range in which the compressive force is applied to the base. In addition, when the joint surface of the rock or the ground is formed as shown in FIG. 7, the ground bolt is inclined with respect to the ground or the pressure plate or the PC panel, or the reinforcement force is installed as vertically as possible with respect to the joint surface or the ground of the rock. Even if it is necessary to shorten the horizontal installation length of the ground bolts due to the use of the ground as shown in FIG. 8, the ground bolts are inclined with respect to the ground or the pressure plate or the PC panel, thereby increasing the usability of the site. You can.

Hereinafter, the technical contents of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

First, when the construction process of the retaining wall according to the present invention, first, the 1.5m section at the upper end for constituting the retaining wall is cut (cut gradient 1: 0.2) (Fig. 2. A). Cutting work at the upper end is the same as the conventional PEM retaining wall, but the existing PEM retaining wall is excavated more than 3.0m at a time, so that the slope of the cut surface is formed more smoothly than the present invention, the site availability is reduced.

Second, at a cut slope, drill underground bolt holes having a predetermined diameter in a line or at a predetermined depth in a horizontal or inclined direction at predetermined intervals (Fig. 2B). Drilling the underground bolt hole is the same as the existing PEM retaining wall, but unlike the conventional horizontal drilling, it is mechanically excellent by drilling in the horizontal or inclined direction with respect to the ground, and the site utilization is also advantageous. That is, in the case where the grain of the ground is formed as shown in FIG. 7, the ground bolt is installed in the vertical direction with respect to the grain of the ground, thereby increasing the sealing effect of the ground as compared with the ground bolt installed at an angle to the grain of the ground. 8, the ground bolts are inclined with respect to the ground in order to bury the ground bolts of a certain length when the ground bolts should not go over a certain area in the ground due to the boundary of the land as shown in FIG. By reducing the installation length, the usability of the site can be increased. That is, in FIG. 8, the cutting surface can be moved further inward as the horizontal installation length of the ground bolt decreases (by increasing the amount of cut), thereby increasing the use space.

Third, insert the ground bolt into the perforated ground bolt hole and grout the ground bolt hole with cement mortar.

fourth. After the grouting is cured, insert the pressure plate into the ground bolts and tension the ground bolts to tighten the nuts (Fig. 2. D). Existing PEM retaining wall is tensioned using a PC panel as a pressure plate after 6.0 m of excavation (Fig. 1), which allows the original ground to loosen (loose) as a significant tension is delayed in the retaining wall forming mechanism. The tension is applied by using a pressure plate in the unit of 1.5m to have a more mechanically superior mechanism.

Fifth, cover the PC panel on the top of the pressure plate to form an integral structure by fastening the ground bolt and the nut (Fig. 2. E). At this time, the pressure plate is located in the lower part of the PC panel, it is coupled integrally through the underground bolt, so that the compressive force is transmitted to the original ground even for the part where the pressure plate is not installed.

Sixth, the lower 1.5m section of the upper part is cut to repeat the process of Figure 2. A to 2. E to repeat the operation to a predetermined height to form a small step to build the retaining wall (Fig. 2. G). Existing PEM retaining wall is constructed by compacting the PC panel from the end to the original ground and then filling it with the backing material, but in the case of the present invention, when the original ground can clean up the oyster surface smoothly like weathered soil or weathered rock layers. PC panel can be installed from the upper part. If the excavation surface is formed by rock, the excavation surface can not be smoothly arranged. The PC panel is installed at the top, and in this case, since the space for cutting the surface is less than that of the conventional construction method, the backfill area can be reduced than the conventional PEM retaining wall (Fig. 6).

Seventh, in the small installation position, the lower part of the PC panel which is in contact with the small stage is installed on-site concrete foundation if necessary according to the characteristics of the original ground, or a pre-fabricated foundation block is installed. (Fig. 2. G). The concrete formed at this time can be utilized as a small drainage channel.

Eighth, after cutting the small 1.5m section of the small step, repeat the process from Figure 2. A to Figure 2. 4 to build a retaining wall of the desired height (Fig. 2. A).

As described above, the retaining wall of the present invention directly prevents the loosening of the ground through the pressure plate in contact with the original ground surface of the cut, and reinforces the mechanism by combining the pressure plate when the PC panel is installed every 1.5 m. In other words, the original ground is a ground bolt and a pressure plate with a mechanical structure that pushes the original ground in the opposite direction rather than the cut surface (fig. 5. A). Secondary reinforcement allows the front of the PC panel to compress the original ground. This will ensure the stability of the original ground (Fig. 5. b). In this way, the cutting and reinforcing retaining walls are completed every 1.5m, thus minimizing the loosening of the ground and allowing the construction of the retaining walls.

Referring to the coupling structure of the pressure plate and the PC panel, and the ground bolt according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, a hole through which the underground bolt passes is formed in the center of the pressure plate 11 made of steel or concrete, so that the underground bolt is inserted into the hole, and the ground bolt is tensioned to fix the fixing nut 11. Fasten by fastening, and the ground bolt extending through the pressure plate is coupled to the PC panel (9) again. PC panel is formed with a fixing groove (15) into which the pressure plate coupled with the nut can be inserted into the back of the PC panel, a concave portion (16) is formed in the center of the front surface for fastening the fixing bolt to the ground bolt. Fixing pin holes 13 are formed at the edges or four corners of the PC panel for coupling with the fixing pins 13 '. Depending on the condition of the cutting surface, the pressure plate may be installed while inserted into the fixing groove of the PC panel, or if the back plate is filled between the pressure plate and the PC panel, the pressure plates may be spaced apart from each other without being inserted into the fixing groove of the PC panel. In both cases, the pressure plate and the PC panel are integrated and installed through the same underground bolt. In addition, when the ground bolt is installed to be inclined with respect to the ground or when the ground bolt is installed to be inclined rather than perpendicular to the pressure plate or the PC panel, the recess of the fixing groove 15 and the front portion 91 of the back panel 92 of the PC panel Leveling blocks 12 and 12 'are installed in the part 16 so that the pressure plate 8 and the fixing nut 11 are installed vertically with respect to the installation direction of the underground bolt 3 so that the compressive force can be maximized. . The standard of the leveling block is manufactured according to the installation angle of the ground bolt, and the material can be made of a suitable material having rigidity or some elasticity, but it can also be made of steel or concrete. The leveling block 12 can be installed by a person skilled in the art in a suitable manner so that the pressure plate is perpendicular to the ground bolts, even when the pressure plate is inserted into the fixing groove of the back of the PC panel as well as when the pressure plate is installed apart from the PC panel. . When installing the underground bolt horizontally, the recessed part 16 of the PC panel is circular, and when the underground bolt is installed inclined, the recessed part 16 of the PC panel may be formed in an oval shape. The hole may be manufactured to be inclined therein, or the hole may be made to be slightly larger so that the angle of inclination of the ground bolt may be adjusted therein, and the ground bolt may be fixed to be inclined through the leveling block and the fixing nut.

The present invention does not exclude, in addition to the method using the leveling block, other modified embodiments which allow the underground bolt to be inclined in various ways that can be easily made by those skilled in the art.

As described above, the retaining wall construction method of the present invention is the first, compared to the existing method to reduce the height of the ground (loose) is reduced because the reinforcing is finished at a time (the ground bolt is tensioned and the pressure plate is fastened) is reduced. Stability is increased, and the pressure plate and the PC panel are integrally coupled through the underground bolts to reinforce the cut ground first with the pressure plate, and then to the secondary reinforcement with the PC panel. Second, the ground bolts can be installed horizontally as well as in the inclined direction, thereby increasing structural stability and increasing site utilization. Third, even in the case of rock cutting surface, as the primary reinforcement is completed with acupressure plate, the backfilling amount can be reduced compared to the existing method, so the site utilization can be increased and economical construction can be achieved. Fourth, the PC panel according to the present invention is attached by a fixing force mainly by coupling with the ground bolt, compared to the existing method that the PC panel is laminated and fixed, the corresponding panel that needs to be replaced when the PC panel is damaged or must be replaced It is much more convenient and economical to maintain because it only needs to be replaced.

Claims (4)

In the construction method of retaining wall structure using underground bolt and PC panel, Cutting the ground plate to a predetermined height, drilling one or a plurality of ground bolt holes in the cutting surface, inserting the ground bolt into the ground bolt hole and grouting, combining the pressure plate with the ground bolt. And tightening and tightening the underground bolts by fastening with a nut or the like, and coupling the PC panel to the underground bolts extending through the pressure plate and fastening and fixing the underground bolts with nuts. Integral retaining wall construction method of panel A plurality of underground bolts (Earth Bolt) 3 buried in the vertical or inclined direction on the cutting surface (1), a pressure plate (8) formed with a hole in the center so as to be inserted into the underground bolt, and the ground exposed through the pressure plate PC panel (9) having a hole formed in the center so as to be inserted into the bolt, the pressure plate is inserted into the ground bolt and fixed with a nut to compress the cut surface, and then through the pressure plate exposed to the ground bolt Combining the retaining wall structure of the pressure plate and the PC panel, characterized in that by pressing the PC panel to fix again with a nut. The method of claim 2, The PC panel has a concave portion 16 for fastening the nut at the center of the front portion 91 and a nut 11 which is fastened to the pressure plate 8 and the pressure plate in the rear portion 92 so as to be fixed therein. The retaining wall structure integrally coupled retaining wall structure of the acupressure plate and the PC panel, characterized in that the fixing groove 15 is formed in a shape corresponding to the pressure plate is fastened. 4. The method of claim 2 or 3, The acupressure plate (8) is used to ensure that the acupressure plate (8) is coupled vertically with respect to the ground bolt (3) even when the ground bolt (3) is installed in an inclined direction and not perpendicular to the cutting surface ( 8) An integrated retaining wall structure of the acupressure plate and the PC panel for installing a leveling block (12) on the back side of the back plate and adjusting the installation angle of the pressure plate through the leveling block (12).

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