KR101479269B1 - Method and apparatus for profile matching within close range - Google Patents

Abstract

The disclosed technique relates to a method and apparatus for matching a short-range profile, and more specifically, relates to a method and apparatus for matching an ideal type without exposing personal information based on location information of the personal mobile terminal, without limitation. Among the embodiments, the short-range profile matching method may include the steps of: the first mobile terminal calculates a proximity area based on its position, encrypts the calculated proximity area, and transmits the encrypted proximity area to the server; Receiving, by the first mobile terminal, a signal from the server indicating that there is a second mobile terminal whose proximity area overlaps with the first mobile terminal; Receiving the profile information of the second mobile terminal from the first mobile terminal; And determining whether the first mobile terminal matches the ideal type based on the profile information of the second mobile terminal.

Description

[0001] METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROFILE MATCHING WITHIN CLOSE RANGE [0002]

The disclosed technique relates to a method and apparatus for matching a short-range profile, and more specifically, relates to a method and apparatus for matching an ideal type without exposing personal information based on location information of the personal mobile terminal, without limitation.

With the spread of the Internet, PC, and smartphone, relationships between people are being formed actively online, not only through direct encounters. Recently, a variety of communities, contact brokerage services, and matching services are provided online via smart phones and PCs. For example, there is an invention described in Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2012-0030916 (Method and system for dating service through online community) as a technology relating to a service for mediating an online meeting.

However, when the relationship between people is formed through online, information of the subject can be stored in the database of the server or easily distributed through electronic medium, so that it is vulnerable to attack such as hacking, There is a problem. In addition, there is a problem that such service may become a means of deviation, or may be altered as a one-time meeting or an unhealthy meeting means, due to anonymity and non-reality in forming a human relationship through online.

The technical problem to be solved by the disclosed technology is not to merely mediate the online meeting through a personal terminal such as a smart phone in forming a relationship between people but, And to help them form. Also, the disclosed technology solves the problem that personal information is easily leaked through such services, and provides a method for protecting personal information from being leaked to a third party.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a first mobile terminal calculates an adjacent region based on its location, encrypts the calculated neighboring region, and transmits the encrypted neighboring region to a server. Receiving, by the first mobile terminal, a signal from the server indicating that there is a second mobile terminal whose proximity area overlaps with the first mobile terminal; Receiving the profile information of the second mobile terminal from the first mobile terminal; And determining whether the first mobile terminal matches the ideal type based on the profile information of the second mobile terminal.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a positioning apparatus including: a position information receiver for receiving position information; A proximity area calculation unit for calculating the proximity area based on the location information and encrypting the calculated proximity area; A communication unit for transmitting the encrypted neighboring area to a server and receiving a signal from the server indicating that another mobile terminal has an adjacent area overlapping with another; And a profile matching unit for receiving the profile information of the other mobile terminal and determining whether the ideal type is matched.

Embodiments of the disclosed technique may have effects that include the following advantages. It should be understood, however, that the scope of the disclosed technology is not to be construed as limited thereby, since the embodiments of the disclosed technology are not meant to include all such embodiments.

According to the disclosed technique, there is an effect that it provides an opportunity to meet the ideal type that is usually thought without going through the reality. Also, the disclosed technology has the advantage of protecting personal information and privacy by providing only the matching facts when there is a person who matches his or her ideal type in the vicinity, without revealing the location and profile information of the persons to the outside have.

1 is a diagram for explaining a near-field profile matching system according to an embodiment of the disclosed technology.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of short range profile matching according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. Referring to FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a method of calculating an adjacent region according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. FIG.
4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of short range profile matching according to another embodiment of the disclosed technique.
5 is a block diagram for explaining a near-field profile matching apparatus according to an embodiment of the disclosed technology.

The description of the disclosed technique is merely an example for structural or functional explanation and the scope of the disclosed technology should not be construed as being limited by the embodiments described in the text. That is, the embodiments are to be construed as being variously embodied and having various forms, so that the scope of the disclosed technology should be understood to include equivalents capable of realizing technical ideas.

Meanwhile, the meaning of the terms described in the present application should be understood as follows.

The terms " first ", " second ", and the like are used to distinguish one element from another and should not be limited by these terms. For example, the first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, the second component may also be referred to as a first component.

It is to be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it may be directly connected to the other element, but there may be other elements in between. On the other hand, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" to another element, it should be understood that there are no other elements in between. On the other hand, other expressions that describe the relationship between components, such as "between" and "between" or "neighboring to" and "directly adjacent to" should be interpreted as well.

It should be understood that the singular " include "or" have "are to be construed as including a stated feature, number, step, operation, component, It is to be understood that the combination is intended to specify that it is present and not to preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof.

Each step may take place differently from the stated order unless explicitly stated in a specific order in the context. That is, each step may occur in the same order as described, may be performed substantially concurrently, or may be performed in reverse order.

All terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosed technology belongs, unless otherwise defined. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted to be consistent with the meanings in the context of the relevant art and can not be construed as having ideal or overly formal meaning unless explicitly defined in the present application .

1 is a diagram for explaining a near-field profile matching system according to an embodiment of the disclosed technology. The near-field profile matching system 100 according to the disclosed technique informs users when a person who matches his or her ideal type is nearby. For example, the disclosed technique can be used to notify men and women of the opportunity to tremble, which is fatefully communicated through glancing between men and women, You can help. As another example, the disclosed technique can help a homosexual person easily form a relationship with a desired person by notifying the ideal person as a friend, a co-worker, or a partner when they are nearby. Referring to FIG. 1, the near field profile matching system 100 includes a personal mobile terminal 110a, 110b and a service providing server 120 owned by each user (user a, user b). Based on the location of each of the mobile terminals 110a and 110b of the respective users, the short-range profile matching system 100 notifies that the matching partner is located in a short distance when both are close to each other and their profiles match the ideal type of the other party To induce a meeting of both.

The mobile terminals 110a and 110b refer to a portable personal terminal including location information acquisition means and communication means and may be a portable personal terminal such as a smart phone, a tablet device, a notebook PC, a PDA (personal digital assistant), a portable multimedia player . The location information acquiring means includes, for example, a GPS receiving module that receives a signal from a plurality of GPS satellites 130 to calculate a position, or a mobile communication module that receives a signal from a plurality of base stations (not shown) . ≪ / RTI > The communication means may include, for example, a mobile communication module or a wireless LAN module capable of exchanging data with a remote server 120 through a communication network.

The service providing server 120 collects the neighboring area information of each user from the mobile terminals 110a and 110b of each user to determine whether there is a user located in the vicinity. Two adjacent users mutually exchange their own person introduction information and their preference information to judge whether or not an ideal match is made. Hereinafter, the information exchanged between the two users in close proximity for the ideal match is referred to as user profile information. The profile information may include information about the user's personal information (sex, age, occupation, hobby, religion, etc.) and the desired ideal type. When there is a user located in a short distance, the service providing server 120 provides this information to the corresponding user so that each user exchanges profile information with a nearby located party and determines whether the ideal type matches.

It is important to note that providing these types of services may lead to privacy breaches for each user. That is, if profile information of an individual and location information of an individual are transmitted to a party other than the party, personal information and privacy may be exposed. Furthermore, it may not be appropriate to immediately exchange location or profile information even if the ideal type is the matching party. Therefore, the disclosed technology focuses on providing a method of preventing personal information leakage that may arise from direct encounter, and protecting personal privacy of each individual. To this end, in the disclosed technology, the mobile terminal 110 of each user encrypts and transmits its location so that the location information is not exposed, and the server 120 determines whether there is a mobile terminal located in the vicinity, To be provided to the mobile terminal. Also, the server 120 does not directly store profile information of each user. In the disclosed technique, the server 120 exchanges profile information among users without storing the profile information of the users can be largely divided into two methods. In both methods, the profile information of each user is once stored in the mobile terminal 110 of the corresponding user. If there are other mobile terminals located in the vicinity, the mobile terminals 110a and 110b exchange profile information with each other. First, the mobile terminals 110a and 110b can exchange information via the server. Second, Exchangeable. One embodiment for exchanging profile information via a server is illustrated in FIG. 2, and an embodiment for exchanging profile information directly between mobile terminals is illustrated in FIG. When the profile information is transmitted via the server, it is necessary to encrypt the profile information so that the server 120 and other third parties do not know it. On the other hand, when the profile information is directly exchanged between the mobile terminals, the mobile terminal can first obtain the access information of the other party through the server, and then establish a communication channel with the other party to exchange profile information directly with the other party. The mobile terminal 110 provided with the profile information of the other party can notify the user of the fact that the mobile terminal 110 compares with the ideal type information.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of short range profile matching according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. Referring to FIG. 1 corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the description of the profile matching system 100 of FIG. 1 is applied to the embodiment of FIG. 2 as it is. Hereinafter, a method of short range profile matching will be described with reference to FIG. Here, since the first mobile terminal and the second mobile terminal can operate in the same manner, the first mobile terminal will be described below and the description of the second mobile terminal will be omitted. First, the first mobile terminal receives location information and obtains its own location coordinates (S205). In this case, the location information includes not only information directly indicating the location, but also information enabling the location of the mobile terminal to be calculated. For example, the first mobile terminal may receive position information from a GPS satellite, a mobile communication base station or an access point, and may calculate its position from the received signal.

If the mobile terminal determines its own location, the first mobile terminal calculates an adjacent region based on its location in step S210. According to one embodiment, the first mobile terminal can determine its position and then calculate a plurality of coordinates indicating an area boundary based on the proximity area, that is, an area boundary within a predetermined proximity range from the current position. In step S215, the first mobile station encrypts the neighboring area information calculated in step S210. For example, the first mobile terminal can output a hash value as an encryption result by applying a secure hash function to a plurality of coordinates indicating its neighboring area. Since the hash function is generally a irreversible one-way function, it can not decode the original information from the hash value. In step S220, the first mobile terminal transmits the encrypted neighboring area information to the server. For example, the first mobile terminal can transmit the hash values output in step S215 to the server. The concrete procedure of the first mobile terminal calculating the proximity area, encrypting it, and transmitting it to the server through steps S210 to S220 will be described later with reference to FIG.

In step S225, the server compares the neighboring area information received from the first and second mobile terminals to determine whether the first mobile terminal and the second mobile terminal are located nearby. According to an embodiment, a server compares a plurality of hash values received from a first mobile terminal with a plurality of hash values received from a second mobile terminal, and when there is a match value of any one of them, It can be determined that both are located close to each other. When the first and second mobile terminals are located close to each other, the plurality of coordinates indicating the close region of the first mobile terminal and the plurality of coordinates indicating the close region of the second mobile terminal are at least one of the same coordinates , The same hash value). As described above, according to the present invention, hash values encrypted in a neighboring area are transmitted instead of the location coordinates, and the hash values are compared to determine whether there is another mobile terminal located close to the mobile terminal without exposing location information of each user. In step S230, when the server determines that the adjacent areas of the first mobile terminal and the second mobile terminal overlap with each other, the server transmits a signal indicating this. For example, the server may transmit a proximity signal to the first mobile terminal informing that there is a neighbor to which the proximity area overlaps.

The first mobile terminal, which receives information indicating that the other party is nearby, encrypts the profile information of the first mobile terminal so that the third mobile terminal can not know its profile information (S235), and transmits the encrypted profile information to the server (S240). The second mobile terminal that has received the information that the other party is nearby also encrypts its profile information and transmits it to the server. When the encrypted profile information is received, the server transmits the encrypted profile information to each other (S245). At this time, the server can not decrypt the encrypted profile information like the third party, and does not store the encrypted profile separately in the database or the like.

When the first mobile terminal receives the profile information of the second mobile terminal, which is located in the vicinity of the first mobile terminal, the first mobile terminal determines whether the ideal is matched based on the profile information of the second mobile terminal. According to one embodiment, when the first mobile terminal receives the encrypted profile information, the first mobile terminal decodes the profile information of the second mobile terminal (S250), and compares the profile information of the decoded profile information itself (S255). For example, the first mobile terminal compares the personal information of the second mobile terminal with its own ideal type, and can determine that the ideal type is matched if it matches. In another example, the first mobile terminal compares the personal information of the second mobile terminal with the personal information of the second mobile terminal, and may determine that the ideal type is matched if they match. In another example, the first mobile terminal may determine that the ideal type is matched when the ideal type of the second mobile terminal matches the ideal type of the second mobile terminal. At this time, the profile information to be compared includes at least one of personal information and ideal type information of the corresponding user required for ideal matching.

If it is determined that the ideal type does not match, the first mobile terminal ends the process. At this time, since the first mobile terminal does not provide any information to the user, personal information of the individual is not easily exposed, and the user can be prevented from receiving unnecessary information. On the other hand, when the ideal type is matched, the first mobile terminal informs the user of the matching result. For example, the first mobile terminal can output information indicating that there is a person in the vicinity of the ideal person, thereby indicating a matching result. In another example, the first mobile terminal may output profile information of the second mobile terminal matching its own ideal type to inform the matching result.

The user who received the matching result can attempt to meet with the other party through the mobile terminal. According to the embodiment, when the profile information including the telephone number of the other party is provided to the user of the first mobile terminal, the user can directly send a message or make a call to the other party. On the other hand, according to the embodiment, if the profile information such as the phone number of the other party is not provided to the user of the first mobile terminal, the user can transmit a message or make a telephone connection to the other party through the server. Also, in some cases, before the user attempts to meet with the other party, the user can identify the party and recognize the party directly. In such a case, the user may directly check the other party and then make a contact, or may directly try a meeting.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a method of calculating an adjacent region according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. FIG. 2 and 3, a method of calculating a close range according to an embodiment will be described. In step S205, the first mobile terminal acquires its position. For example, the first mobile terminal can calculate the latitude / longitude value indicating its position from the GPS signal. 310 of FIG. 3 shows the location of the first mobile terminal thus obtained. However, the latitude / longitude values measured using the GPS may not be suitable for efficiently determining whether any two users are close to each other due to the error and latitude / longitude values themselves that are generated in the measurement process. In order to judge whether any user is close to each other, it is necessary to quantize information on a place where each user is located. Therefore, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the position of each mobile terminal is quantized and determined. For example, the first mobile terminal can quantize the position information by dividing the measured latitude / longitude value into the error range of the quantum unit. The error range is an arbitrary constant value, and the resolution for each user's neighboring area is determined according to the size of the value. The larger the error range, the quantum unit, is, the lower the resolution of the neighboring area. The smaller the error range, the higher the resolution of the neighboring area. Hereinafter, the value obtained by dividing the latitude / longitude value by the error range (depending on the implementation, the decimal point is rounded up, rounded off, or rounded) is referred to as a corrected GPS value. 3, 320 represents the modified GPS value. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the case where the error ranges for quantizing the latitude and the longitude are the same will be described as an example, but an error range having different latitude and longitude may be used according to the embodiment. Since the modified GPS value is obtained by dividing the GPS latitude / longitude value by the error range and lowering the resolution thereof, the modified GPS value represents the area in the square having the error range length, not the single point. In particular, the quantized area representing the current position of the user is referred to as the proximity area origin. When the position of the user, that is, the proximity area origin, is determined, the first mobile terminal calculates the proximity area.

When the proximity area origin is determined, the proximity areas are calculated based on the proximity area origin. For example, the first mobile terminal can calculate the values of the neighboring regions of eight directions (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, and NW) The eight adjacent region values can be represented by a modified GPS value as well as the proximity region origin. The modified GPS values for each orientation can be obtained by subtracting or adding a proximity range value, e. G., An error range e, from the modified GPS value of the proximity zone origin. Each of the obtained neighboring area values has a positive area as well as the neighboring area origin. The neighboring area values thus generated can be expressed as 330 in FIG. In the case of 330 where the proximity range value is set equal to the error range, as shown in the figure, the adjacent region (including the proximity region origin and the eight neighboring proximity region values) forms one region without overlapping or free space. According to the embodiment, when the value of the proximity range is determined to be smaller than the error range, an overlapping area is generated, so that some of the 8-directional proximity area values are not generated and the proximity area can be reduced. Conversely, according to the embodiment, if the proximity range value is determined to be a value larger than the error range, the number of the adjacent regions can be increased. Or if the number of adjacent regions is fixed to correspond to the boundary of 8 orientations, there may be a vacant space between adjacent regions.

When the proximity area is generated as shown in 330, the first mobile terminal encrypts the proximity area information by applying a security hash function to nine modified GPS values indicating the proximity area. In the disclosed technology, each user exchanges encrypted location information, not actual location information, so that the location of each user is not exposed. In particular, since the hash function can not decode the actual location information from the hash value using the one-way function, when the hash function is encrypted, even if the encrypted hash value is exposed to a malicious third party, Can not be detected. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 340 denotes an adjacent region hash value exchanged by each mobile station.

When a value obtained by encrypting the neighboring area, for example, a neighboring hash value, is generated, each mobile terminal transmits it to the server. If the server has a value that matches any of the neighboring hash values received from the plurality of mobile terminals, the server determines that the mobile terminals are close to each other. Although the proximity range does not necessarily have to be the same as the error range, when the proximity range is equal to the error range, it is possible to efficiently determine whether the mobile terminals are close to each other.

4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of short range profile matching according to another embodiment of the disclosed technique. The embodiment of FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of exchanging profile information between mobile terminals through a server, while the embodiment of FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of exchanging profile information directly between mobile terminals without going through a server. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, steps S405 to S430 for determining whether there is a neighboring mobile terminal are the same as those of the embodiment of FIG. 3, and thus description thereof will be omitted. Hereinafter, a method for directly exchanging profile information between mobile terminals will be described with reference to FIG. In the case of directly transmitting profile information as shown in FIG. 4, the mobile terminal of each user can use a public server for exchanging connection information, for example, a SIP server. The protocol used for access information exchange is called Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), and the server running on the basis of this SIP protocol is called a SIP server. Each mobile terminal transmits its own access information to the disclosed SIP server together with information on the other user to which the corresponding access information should be transmitted (S435). For example, the first mobile terminal can transmit its IP address and port to the SIP server. The SIP server transmits the IP address and the port of the other party to each mobile terminal based on the information transmitted from each mobile terminal (S440). When the connection information (IP address and port, etc.) of the connection partner is transmitted, the mobile terminal can establish a connection with the partner using the connection information. For example, each mobile terminal tries to establish a direct connection with each other based on the peer connection information received from the SIP server, and directly transmits the profile information of its own to the peer when the connection is successful. In this process, the encryption / decryption process is unnecessary since the information is directly transmitted to the other party, but the profile information may be encrypted to prevent hacking. Each user compares the profile information received from the other party with the profile information thereof and notifies the user of the fact if the ideal type is matched.

5 is a block diagram for explaining a near-field profile matching apparatus according to an embodiment of the disclosed technology. Since the device operating in accordance with the near-end profile matching method described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4 also corresponds to the present embodiment, the portions shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 are applied to the embodiment of FIG. 5 includes a location information receiving unit 510, a proximity area calculating unit 520, a communication unit 530, a profile matching unit 540, and a user interface 550. The proximity profile matching apparatus 500 shown in FIG. The position information receiving unit 510 receives position information. For example, the position information receiving unit 510 may receive the GPS signal and obtain its position information. The proximity area calculation unit 520 calculates the proximity area based on the location information acquired by the location information reception unit 510 and encrypts the calculated proximity area. The proximity area calculation unit 520 calculates a plurality of coordinates indicating the proximity area based on the proximity area origin and applies a security hash function to the plurality of coordinates to calculate a hash value of the proximity area Lt; / RTI > The communication unit 530 transmits the encrypted neighboring area information to the server. When there is another mobile terminal in close proximity, the communication unit 530 can receive from the server a signal indicating that there is another mobile terminal whose adjacent regions overlap each other. In addition, according to the embodiment, when there is another mobile terminal close to the periphery, the communication unit 530 can exchange profile information with another mobile terminal. For example, the communication unit 530 can exchange the encrypted profile information with each other through the server. In another example, the communication unit 530 may directly exchange profile information with other mobile terminals. The profile matching unit 540 receives the profile information of the neighboring mobile terminal and compares the received profile information with its profile information to determine whether the ideal type matches. If the ideal is matched, the user interface 550 provides the matching result to the user. In this case, according to the embodiment, the user interface 550 may provide the matching result to the user even when only one of them is matched, and may provide the matching result to the user only when both of the matching types match. When the matching result of both parties is confirmed, the matching result of the partner may be determined by the profile matching unit 540, and the communication unit 530 may receive and confirm from the server or the partner. Meanwhile, the user who confirmed the matching result can send a message to the matching partner through the user interface 550 or can make a telephone connection.

While the system and apparatus disclosed herein have been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings for purposes of clarity of understanding, they are illustrative only and various modifications and equivalent embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art. I will understand that. Accordingly, the true scope of protection of the disclosed technology should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (11)

The first mobile terminal calculates a plurality of coordinates indicating the proximate area based on the position of the first mobile terminal determined using the GPS satellite and applying a security hash function to the calculated coordinates Transmitting the hash values to the server;
The second mobile terminal calculates a plurality of coordinates indicating a neighboring area based on the position of the second mobile terminal determined using the GPS satellite, and calculates a security hash in the coordinates calculated by the second mobile terminal ) ≪ / RTI > function to the server;
When the server matches at least one of the hash values transmitted by the first mobile terminal and the hash values transmitted by the second mobile terminal, a signal indicating that there is a second mobile terminal in which the neighboring area overlaps, Transmitting to the terminal;
Receiving, by the first mobile terminal, profile information of the second mobile terminal encrypted by the second mobile terminal through the server or another SIP server; And
And determining whether the first mobile terminal matches the ideal type based on the profile information of the second mobile terminal. delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the step of calculating a plurality of coordinates indicative of an adjacent region of the first mobile terminal
The first mobile terminal dividing the position of the first mobile terminal into an error range and quantizing the error range to generate an adjacent region origin; And
And generating the plurality of coordinates by dividing values obtained by adding or subtracting the error ranges to the positions of the first mobile terminal in east, west, south, and north directions by the error ranges. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the step of calculating a plurality of coordinates representing an adjacent region of the second mobile terminal
The second mobile terminal dividing the position of the second mobile terminal into an error range and quantizing the error range to generate an adjacent region origin; And
And generating the plurality of coordinates by dividing values obtained by adding or subtracting the error ranges to the positions of the second mobile terminal in east, west, south, and north directions by the error range. The method according to claim 1,
The step of determining whether or not to match
Wherein the first mobile terminal decodes profile information of the second mobile terminal and determines whether an ideal is matched based on the decoded profile information. The method according to claim 1,
Further comprising the step of the first mobile terminal providing a matching result to a user if the ideal type is matched. A position information receiving unit for receiving position information from a GPS satellite;
A proximity area calculation unit for calculating a plurality of coordinates representing the neighboring area based on the positional information and calculating hash values calculated by applying a security hash function to the calculated coordinates;
A communication unit for transmitting the hash values to the server and receiving a signal from the server indicating that at least one of the hash values matches another mobile terminal; And
And a profile matching unit for receiving the profile information encrypted by the other mobile terminal through the server or another SIP server and determining whether the profile information matches the stored profile information. delete 8. The method of claim 7,
Wherein the proximity region includes a proximity region origin and a plurality of proximity region values,
The proximity area calculation unit may generate the proximity area origin by dividing its position obtained based on the position information into an error range and quantizing the error, and add the error range to the position of the own area in the east, And generating the near region values by dividing the subtracted values by the error region. delete 8. The method of claim 7,
Further comprising a user interface for providing a matching result to a user and receiving a message to be transmitted to the other mobile terminal from the user when the profile information of the mobile terminal matches the profile information of the other mobile terminal.

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