KR102238481B1 - Switchable Type Display Device And Method Of Driving The Same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a switchable display device including a display panel and a lens panel that refracts or transmits light from the display panel as it is, wherein the lens panel includes first and second substrates, and first and second substrates. The first and second electrodes disposed on the inner surface of one of the first and second electrodes, the lens layer disposed between the first and second substrates, and the lens layer disposed between one of the first and second substrates, and the nanocapsule It includes a liquid crystal layer made of a nano liquid crystal filled with a plurality of liquid crystal molecules.

Description

Switchable Type Display Device And Method Of Driving The Same}

The present invention relates to a switchable display device, and more particularly, to a 2D image and 3D image switchable display device including a film-type lens panel using a nano liquid crystal and a driving method thereof.

Recently, the liquid crystal layer is filled in the concave lens layer using the optical anisotropy characteristics of the liquid crystal molecules, and the liquid crystal layer selectively acts as a lens depending on whether or not an electric field is applied, thereby allowing 2D (2D) and 3D (3D) images to be displayed. A switchable display device for selectively displaying has been proposed, and such a switchable display device will be described with reference to the drawings.

1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating optical paths in a 2D mode and a 3D mode of a conventional switchable display device, respectively.

1A and 1B, the switchable display device 10 includes a display panel 20 and a lens panel 30.

The display panel 20 displays an image using a plurality of pixels including first to third pixels P1 to P3.

The lens panel 30 is disposed on the display panel 20 to selectively refract or transmit light emitted from the display panel 20 as it is, and the first and second substrates 40 and 50 facing each other and spaced apart from each other. ), and a liquid crystal layer 60 formed between the first and second substrates 40 and 50.

First and second electrodes 42 and 52 are formed on the inner surfaces of the first and second substrates 40 and 50, respectively, the polarizing plate 44 is formed on the outer surface of the first substrate 40, and the second electrode ( 52) A transparent concave lens layer 54 is formed under it.

Light emitted from the display panel 20 may have a polarization state in a specific direction while passing through the polarizing plate 44, for example, may have a polarization state in a direction perpendicular to the ground.

A plurality of concave portions each having a semi-cylindrical shape are formed under the concave lens layer 54, and the liquid crystal layer 60 is filled in a plurality of concave portions between the concave lens layer 54 and the first electrode 42. .

The liquid crystal layer 60 includes a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 60a, and the liquid crystal molecules 60a have a normal refractive index (n _o : ordinary refractive index) and an abnormal refractive index (n _e : extraordinary refractive index) according to the direction of light. It has the birefringence characteristic shown.

In addition, the liquid crystal layer 60 may be horizontally oriented so that the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 60a is perpendicular to the ground.

In this case, the concave lens layer 54 may be made of a material having the same refractive index as _{the normal refractive index n o of the liquid crystal molecules 60a.}

The switchable display device 10 selectively displays a 2D image and a 3D image according to the arrangement of the liquid crystal layer 60.

That is, in the 2D mode displaying a 2D image as shown in FIG. 1A, voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 42 and 52 (ON), and as a result, the first and second electrodes 42 and 52 ), an electric field is generated, and the liquid crystal layer 60 is rearranged so that the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 60a is parallel to the direction of the electric field.

Therefore, the light passing through the polarizing plate 44 has a polarization state perpendicular to the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule 60a, and as a result, it _{is felt that the liquid crystal layer 60 has a normal refractive index (n o} ), and the normal refractive index (n _o) do not feel the difference in the surface refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 60 and the normal refractive index (n _o) the negative lens layer 54 having a having a.

Therefore, light having a polarization state perpendicular to the ground is not refracted and passes straight through the lens panel 30, and the switchable display device 10 displays a 2D image.

And, in the 3D mode displaying a 3D image as shown in FIG. 1B, a voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes 42 and 52 (OFF), and as a result, an electric field is not generated, so that the liquid crystal layer ( 60) maintains an initial alignment state in which the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule 60a is perpendicular to the ground.

Therefore, the light passing through the polarizing plate 44 has a polarization state parallel to the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 60a, and as a result, it _{is felt that the liquid crystal layer 60 has an ideal refractive index (n e} ), and the ideal refractive index (n _A difference in refractive index is felt at the interface between the liquid crystal layer 60 having _{e) and the concave lens layer 54 having a normal refractive index (n o ).}

Therefore, light having a polarization state perpendicular to the ground is refracted to pass through the lens panel 30, and the switchable display device 10 displays a 3D image.

However, in the conventional switchable display device 10, since the liquid crystal layer 60 must be formed by filling a liquid liquid crystal between the first and second substrates 40 and 50, the switchable display device 10 There is a problem in that the thickness of the lens panel 30 increases and there is a limitation in forming the lens panel 30 in a film shape, and the manufacturing cost increases due to the formation of an alignment layer for the liquid crystal layer 60.

In addition, even after the lens panel 30 is formed, since the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 60 is sagged due to gravity or the like or the cell gap is not uniformly maintained, there is a problem in that the conversion characteristics of the 2D image and the 3D image are deteriorated.

The present invention has been proposed to solve this problem, and by forming a lens panel in a film form using a nano liquid crystal filled with a liquid crystal in a polymer nano capsule, the total thickness is reduced and the manufacturing cost is reduced, and a switchable display device and Its purpose is to provide a driving method.

In addition, the present invention forms a liquid crystal layer of the lens panel using a nano liquid crystal filled with liquid crystal in a polymer nano capsule, thereby preventing sagging of the liquid crystal layer and maintaining a uniform cell gap so that the conversion characteristics of 2D and 3D images are improved. Another object is to provide an improved switchable display device and a driving method thereof.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a display panel for displaying an image, and a lens panel disposed on the display panel and refracting or transmitting light emitted from the display panel as they are, facing each other and spaced apart from each other. First and second substrates, first and second electrodes disposed on an inner surface of at least one of the first and second substrates, a lens layer disposed between the first and second substrates, and the first And a lens panel disposed between one of the second substrates and the lens layer and comprising a liquid crystal layer made of a nano liquid crystal in which a plurality of liquid crystal molecules are filled in a nano capsule.

In addition, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules are nematic liquid crystals having a normal refractive index less than an ideal refractive index, and the nano liquid crystal has isotropic properties when an electric field is not applied, has directional properties when an electric field is applied, and the liquid crystal layer is a binder It may further include a polymer.

In addition, the lens layer is a concave lens layer including a plurality of concave portions each having a semi-cylindrical shape or a semi-elliptical shape on its lower surface and spaced apart from each other in parallel, and the concave lens layer is disposed on the inner surface of the second substrate. I can.

In addition, the first and second electrodes may be disposed on the inner surface of the first substrate, have a bar shape, are spaced parallel to each other, and alternately disposed.

In addition, the concave lens layer may have a refractive index substantially equal to the average value of the normal refractive index, the abnormal refractive index, and the refractive index of the binder polymer, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules may be of a positive type having a positive dielectric anisotropy.

In addition, the first and second electrodes are disposed on inner surfaces of the first and second substrates, respectively, and may have a plate shape.

In addition, the concave lens layer has a refractive index substantially equal to the average value of the normal refractive index, the abnormal refractive index, and the refractive index of the binder polymer, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules may be of a negative type having a negative dielectric anisotropy.

In addition, the concave lens layer may have a refractive index substantially equal to the average value of the normal refractive index and the refractive index of the binder polymer, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules may be of a positive type having a positive dielectric anisotropy.

In addition, the display panel may emit light in a non-polarized state.

In addition, the lens layer is a convex lens layer including a plurality of convex portions spaced parallel to each other, each having a semi-cylindrical shape or a semi-elliptic cylinder shape on its upper surface, the convex lens layer to be disposed on the inner surface of the first substrate. I can.

In addition, the first and second electrodes may be disposed on the inner surface of the second substrate, have a bar shape, are spaced apart from each other in parallel, and alternately disposed.

In addition, the convex lens layer may have a refractive index substantially equal to the average value of the refractive index of the binder polymer and the ideal refractive index, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules may be of a positive type having a positive dielectric anisotropy.

In addition, the convex lens layer may have a refractive index substantially equal to the average value of the normal refractive index, the abnormal refractive index, and the refractive index of the binder polymer, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules may be of a positive type having a positive dielectric anisotropy.

In addition, the first and second electrodes are formed on inner surfaces of the first and second substrates, respectively, and may have a plate shape.

In addition, the convex lens layer may have a refractive index substantially equal to the average value of the normal refractive index, the abnormal refractive index, and the refractive index of the binder polymer, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules may be of a negative type having negative dielectric anisotropy.

In addition, the convex lens layer has a refractive index substantially equal to the average value of the normal refractive index, the abnormal refractive index, and the refractive index of the binder polymer, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules may be of a positive type having a positive dielectric anisotropy.

In addition, the display panel may emit light in a non-polarized state.

The present invention has the effect of reducing the overall thickness and reducing the manufacturing cost by forming a lens panel in a film form using a nano liquid crystal filled with a liquid crystal in a polymer nanocapsule.

In addition, the present invention forms a liquid crystal layer of the lens panel using a nano liquid crystal filled with liquid crystal in a polymer nano capsule, thereby preventing sagging of the liquid crystal layer and maintaining a uniform cell gap so that the conversion characteristics of 2D and 3D images are improved. It has an improved effect.

1A and 1B are diagrams showing optical paths in a 2D mode and a 3D mode of a conventional switchable display device, respectively.
2A and 2B are views showing liquid crystal arrangement states in 2D mode and 3D mode of the switchable display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
3A and 3B are views showing liquid crystal arrangement states in 2D mode and 3D mode of the switchable display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
4A and 4B are diagrams showing liquid crystal arrangement states in 2D mode and 3D mode of the switchable display device according to the third embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
5A and 5B are views showing liquid crystal arrangement states in 2D mode and 3D mode of the switchable display device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
6A and 6B are diagrams showing liquid crystal arrangement states in 2D mode and 3D mode of the switchable display device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
7A and 7B are diagrams showing liquid crystal arrangement states in 2D mode and 3D mode of the switchable display device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
8A and 8B are diagrams showing liquid crystal arrangement states in a 2D mode and a 3D mode of a switchable display device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
9A and 9B are waveform diagrams of voltages applied to the switchable display devices according to the eighth and ninth embodiments of the present invention, respectively.

Hereinafter, a switchable display device and a driving method thereof according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

2A and 2B are diagrams showing liquid crystal arrangement states in 2D mode and 3D mode of the switchable display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, respectively.

2A and 2B, the switchable display device 110 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel 120 and a lens panel 130.

The display panel 120 displays an image using a plurality of pixels including first to third pixels P1 to P3. When displaying a 2D image, each of the plurality of pixels displays one image, When displaying a 3D image, a plurality of pixels are divided into groups corresponding to the number of viewing zones, and the pixels of each group correspond to each viewing zone, and partial images constituting one image are displayed.

For example, the display panel 120 is a flat panel display device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), or a plasma display panel (PDP). (flat panel display: FPD), and for liquid crystal displays, TN (twist nematic) mode, IPS (in-plane switching) mode, VA (vertical alignment) mode, ECB (electrically controlled birefringence) mode, OCB (optically) compensated bend) mode.

Light emitted from the display panel 120 may have a polarization state in a specific direction using a polarizing plate or the like, for example, may have a polarization state in a direction parallel to the ground.

In this case, the polarizing plate may be formed on the upper surface of the display panel 120 or may be formed on the lower surface of the lens panel 130.

The lens panel 130 is disposed on the display panel 120 to selectively refract or transmit light emitted from the display panel 120 as it is, and the first and second substrates 140 and 150 facing each other and spaced apart from each other. ) And a liquid crystal layer 160 formed between the first and second substrates 140 and 150.

The first and second substrates 140 and 150 may be formed of a flexible material in the form of a film.

A plurality of first electrodes 142 and a plurality of second electrodes 144 are formed on the inner surface of the first substrate 140, and a transparent concave lens layer 152 is formed on the inner surface of the second substrate 150.

The plurality of first electrodes 142 and the plurality of second electrodes 144 may each have a bar shape, are spaced apart from each other and alternately disposed, and indium-tin-oxide: ITO) or phosphorus??-zinc-oxide (IZO), conductive polymer, carbon nano tube (CNT), graphene or Ag nano wire (Ag nano wire: AgNW) It may be made of the same transparent conductive material.

In addition, the concave lens layer 152 is the average value _{of the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164, and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer (} AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) and a material having substantially the same refractive index within a range that does not affect light path control, for example, may be made of a resin such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). .

On the lower surface of the concave lens layer 152, a plurality of concave portions each having a semi-cylindrical shape or a semi-elliptical shape and spaced parallel to each other are formed, and the liquid crystal layer 160 includes a concave lens layer 152 and a plurality of first electrodes. It is filled in a plurality of recesses between the 142 and the plurality of second electrodes 144.

In this case, a cross section of each of the plurality of concave portions may have a semicircular shape or a semi-elliptic shape, and as a result, each of the plurality of concave portions may implement a spherical concave lens shape or an aspherical concave lens shape.

In the first embodiment, it is illustrated that a plurality of first electrodes 142 and a plurality of second electrodes 144 are formed parallel to the longitudinal direction of the semi-cylindrical shape of the plurality of concave portions. One electrode 142 and a plurality of second electrodes 144 are formed perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of a semi-cylindrical shape of a plurality of concave portions, or a plurality of first electrodes for a view overlapping structure in 3D image display The 142 and the plurality of second electrodes 144 may be formed to be inclined to cross the semi-cylindrical shape of the plurality of concave portions at an arbitrary angle.

The liquid crystal layer 160 includes a nano liquid crystal in which a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164 are filled in a nanocapsule 162, which is a polymer capsule having a diameter of several to hundreds of nanometers. The liquid crystal molecules 164 may be of a positive type in which dielectric anisotropy is positive (Δε>0).

The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164 have _{birefringence properties that exhibit a normal refractive index (n o} : ordinary refractive index) and an _{extraordinary refractive index (n e} : extraordinary refractive index) depending on the traveling direction of light, for example, normal refractive index (n _o ). It may be a nematic liquid crystal smaller than this ideal refractive index (n _{e ) (n o} <n _e ).

Such a nano liquid crystal has isotropy when an electric field is not applied, and is rearranged by an electric field in the nanocapsule 162 when an electric field is applied to have directionality.

In particular, when a binder polymer is added to such a nano liquid crystal, there is an advantage in that it is easy to manufacture in a film form.

For example, after forming a concave lens layer 152 on the second substrate 150 in the form of a film, coating a nano liquid crystal to which a binder polymer is added, and then curing the coated nano liquid crystal with heat or light, a concave lens layer ( 152) A liquid crystal layer 160 may be formed on the upper part, and an adhesive layer is formed on the liquid crystal layer 160 with a material having excellent optical transmittance such as an optically clear adhesive (OCA), and a protective layer is formed on the upper part of the adhesive layer. By forming, it can be used in the form of a film.

After removing the protective layer from the second substrate 150 in the form of a film on which the concave lens layer 152 and the liquid crystal layer 160 are formed, a plurality of first electrodes 142 and a plurality of second electrodes 144 are formed. By attaching to the first substrate 140 in the form of a film, the lens panel 130 in the form of a film can be formed.

The switchable display device 110 selectively displays a 2D image and a 3D image according to the arrangement of the liquid crystal layer 160.

That is, in the 2D mode displaying a 2D image as shown in FIG. 2A, a voltage is not applied to the plurality of first electrodes 142 and the plurality of second electrodes 144 (OFF). An electric field is not generated between the first electrode 142 and the plurality of second electrodes 144, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164 of the liquid crystal layer 160 are randomly arranged in the nanocapsule 162. .

Therefore, the light emitted from the display panel 120 and having a polarization state parallel to the ground, a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164 having a refractive index corresponding to the average value of the _{normal refractive index (n o} ) and the ideal refractive index (n _{e ).} As a result, the liquid crystal layer 160 has the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164, and the refractive index of the binder polymer (n _bp ). It feels as having a refractive index corresponding to the average value (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _{bp )).}

At this time, the concave lens layer 152 is the average value _{of the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164, and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer (} By forming a material having substantially the same refractive index within a range that does not affect AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) and light path control, light emitted from the display panel 120 is transferred to the liquid crystal layer 160 It is possible to prevent a difference in refractive index from being felt at the interface between the and the concave lens layer 152.

For example, the average value of the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164, and the refractive index (n _bp ) of the binder polymer (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) and the concave lens layer 152 may each have a refractive index of about 1.55 to about 1.6.

Therefore, light having a polarization state parallel to the ground is not refracted and passes straight through the lens panel 130, and the switchable display device 110 displays a 2D image.

And, in the 3D mode displaying a 3D image as shown in FIG. 2B, a voltage is applied to the plurality of first electrodes 142 and the plurality of second electrodes 144 (ON), and as a result, the plurality of first electrodes 142 A horizontal electric field E is generated between the electrode 142 and the plurality of second electrodes 144, and the plurality of positive-type liquid crystal molecules 164 of the liquid crystal layer 160 have a long axis within the nanocapsule 162. It is rearranged parallel to the first and second substrates 140 and 150 and parallel to the ground so as to be parallel to the horizontal electric field E.

Accordingly, light emitted from the display panel 120 and having a polarization state parallel to the ground _{feels that the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164 have an ideal refractive index (n e} ), and as a result, the liquid crystal layer 160 It is felt that it has a refractive index corresponding to the average value (AVG(n _e , n _{bp )) of the ideal refractive index (n e} ) of the liquid crystal molecule 164 and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer.}

At this time, the concave lens layer 152 is the average value _{of the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164, and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer (} Since it has substantially the same refractive index as AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )), light emitted from the display panel 120 feels a difference in refractive index at the interface between the liquid crystal layer 160 and the concave lens layer 152 .

For example, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164 is more than the refractive index (n _e) a normal refractive index, so (n _o) greater nematic liquid than, more than the refractive index (n _e) of the plurality of the liquid crystal molecules 164 and the binder polymer The average value of the refractive index (n _{bp ) (AVG(n e} , n _bp )) is the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164, and the binder It may be about 1.7 to about 1.75, which is greater than about 1.55 to about 1.6, which is an average value (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) of the refractive index (n _{bp) of the polymer.}

Since the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 160 is greater than the refractive index of the concave lens layer 152, in this case, the lens panel 130 acts as a convex lens and emits from the display panel 120 and has a polarization state parallel to the ground. The light is refracted and passes through the lens panel 130, and the switchable display device 110 displays a 3D image.

Since the switchable display device 110 uses a nano liquid crystal filled with a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 164 in the nanocapsule 162, it is easy to manufacture the lens panel 130 in a film form, and the alignment layer and the planarization layer are omitted. As a result, manufacturing cost is reduced, and since the liquid crystal molecules 164 are rearranged by an electric field, uniform alignment can be secured.

In the first embodiment, a 2D image is displayed when no voltage is applied and a 3D image is displayed when a voltage is applied using light in a polarization state parallel to the ground, but in other embodiments, the normal refractive index of the liquid crystal molecule 164 (n _o ), the ideal refractive index (n _e ) and the refractive index of the concave lens layer 152 are adjusted, and a 2D image is displayed when a voltage is applied using light in a polarized state perpendicular to the ground and no voltage is applied You can display 3D images.

In addition, in the first embodiment, a 2D image or a 3D image is displayed using the concave lens layer 152 and the positive type liquid crystal layer 160, but in other embodiments, the concave lens layer and the negative type liquid crystal layer and the ground are A 2D image or a 3D image can be displayed using light in a parallel polarization state, or a 2D image or a 3D image can be displayed using a concave lens layer, a negative-type liquid crystal layer, and light in a polarization state perpendicular to the ground. .

In addition, in the first embodiment, a positive type liquid crystal is used, but in another embodiment, a negative type liquid crystal may be used, which will be described with reference to the drawings.

3A and 3B are diagrams showing liquid crystal arrangement states in 2D mode and 3D mode of the switchable display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, respectively, and descriptions of the same parts as those of the first embodiment are omitted.

3A and 3B, the switchable display device 210 according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel 220 and a lens panel 230.

The display panel 220 displays a 2D image or a 3D image using a plurality of pixels including the first to third pixels P1 to P3, and the display panel 220 is a liquid crystal display device, an organic light emitting diode. It may be a flat panel display device such as a display device or a plasma display device, and in the case of a liquid crystal display device, it may be one of a TN mode, an IPS mode, a VA mode, an ECB mode, and an OCB mode.

Light emitted from the display panel 220 may have a polarization state in a specific direction using a polarizing plate or the like, and for example, may have a polarization state in a direction parallel to the ground.

The lens panel 230 is disposed on the display panel 220 and selectively refracts or transmits light emitted from the display panel 220 as it is, and the first and second substrates 240 and 250 facing each other and spaced apart from each other. ), and a liquid crystal layer 260 formed between the first and second substrates 240 and 250.

The first and second substrates 240 and 250 may be formed of a flexible material in the form of a film.

First and second electrodes 242 and 252 are formed on inner surfaces of the first and second substrates 240 and 250, respectively, and a transparent concave lens layer 254 is formed under the second electrode 252.

The first and second electrodes 242 and 252 may have a plate shape formed on the front surfaces of the first and second substrates 240 and 250, respectively, and may be indium-tin-oxide or phosphorus??-zinc-oxide. , Conductive polymer, carbon nanotubes, graphene or silver nanowires, such as a transparent conductive material.

The concave lens layer 254 is the average value of the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264, and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer (AVG (} n _o , n _e , n _bp )) and a material having substantially the same refractive index within a range that does not affect light path control, for example, may be made of a resin such as PET.

In addition, an uneven pattern for inducing rearrangement of the liquid crystal molecules 264 when an electric field is applied to the inner surface of the first substrate 240 and the first electrode 242 and the inner surface of the second substrate 250 and the second electrode 252, respectively. This may be formed, and the concave-convex pattern may be formed of concave portions and convex portions that are alternately arranged in parallel along a direction perpendicular to the ground.

On the lower surface of the concave lens layer 254, a plurality of concave portions each having a semi-cylindrical shape or a semi-elliptical shape and spaced parallel to each other are formed, and the liquid crystal layer 260 includes the concave lens layer 254 and the first electrode 242 ) Are filled in a number of recesses between.

In this case, a cross section of each of the plurality of concave portions may have a semicircular shape or a semi-elliptic shape, and as a result, each of the plurality of concave portions may implement a spherical concave lens shape or an aspherical concave lens shape.

The liquid crystal layer 260 includes a nano-liquid crystal filled with a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264 in a nanocapsule 262, which is a polymer capsule having a diameter of several to several hundreds of nanometers, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264 has dielectric anisotropy. This may be a negative type of negative (Δε<0).

The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264 have _{birefringence characteristics representing a normal refractive index (n o} ) and an abnormal refractive index (n _e ) according to the traveling direction of light, for example, the normal refractive index (n _o ) is greater than the abnormal refractive index (n _e ). It can be a small nematic liquid crystal (n _o <n _e ).

The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264 of such a nano liquid crystal have isotropic properties when an electric field is not applied, and when an electric field is applied, they are rearranged by an electric field within the nanocapsule 262 to have orientation. There is an advantage in that it is easy to manufacture in the form of a film when added.

For example, after forming the second electrode 252 and the concave lens layer 254 on the second substrate 250 in the form of a film, and coating a nano liquid crystal to which a binder polymer is added, the coated nano liquid crystal is heated or lighted. The liquid crystal layer 260 can be formed on the concave lens layer 254 by curing with the liquid crystal layer 260, and an adhesive layer is formed on the liquid crystal layer 260 with a material having excellent optical transmittance such as an optically transparent adhesive, and a protective layer is formed on the adhesive layer. By forming, it can be used in the form of a film.

After removing the protective layer from the second substrate 250 in the form of a film on which the second electrode 252, the concave lens layer 254, and the liquid crystal layer 260 are formed, 1 By attaching to the substrate 240, the lens panel 230 in the form of a film can be formed.

The switchable display device 210 selectively displays a 2D image and a 3D image according to the arrangement of the liquid crystal layer 260.

That is, in the 2D mode displaying a 2D image as shown in FIG. 3A, voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes 242 and 252 (OFF), and as a result, the first and second electrodes 242 and No electric field is generated between 252, and a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264 of the liquid crystal layer 260 are randomly arranged in the nanocapsule 262.

Therefore, the light emitted from the display panel 220 and having a polarization state parallel to the ground, the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264 have a refractive index corresponding to the average value of the _{normal refractive index (n o} ) and the ideal refractive index (n _{e ).} As a result, the liquid crystal layer 260 has the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264, and the refractive index of the binder polymer (n _bp ). It feels as having a refractive index corresponding to the average value (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _{bp )).}

At this time, the concave lens layer 254 is the average value _{of the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264, and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer (} By forming a material having substantially the same refractive index within a range that does not affect AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) and light path control, the light emitted from the display panel 220 is transferred to the liquid crystal layer 260 It is possible to prevent a difference in refractive index from being felt at the interface between the and the concave lens layer 254.

For example, the average value of the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264, and the refractive index (n _bp ) of the binder polymer (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) and the concave lens layer 254 may each have a refractive index of about 1.55 to about 1.6.

Therefore, light having a polarization state parallel to the ground is not refracted and passes straight through the lens panel 230, and the switchable display device 210 displays a 2D image.

And, in the 3D mode displaying a 3D image as shown in FIG. 3B, a voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 242 and 252 (ON), and as a result, the first and second electrodes 242 and 252 ) Between the vertical electric field (E) is generated, and a plurality of negative-type liquid crystal molecules 264 of the liquid crystal layer 260 are first and second so that the long axis is perpendicular to the vertical electric field (E) in the nanocapsule 262. 2 It is rearranged parallel to the substrates 240 and 250 and parallel to the ground.

Therefore, light emitted from the display panel 220 and having a polarization state parallel to the ground _{feels that the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264 have an ideal refractive index (n e} ), and as a result, the liquid crystal layer 260 It is felt that it has a refractive index corresponding to the average value (AVG(n _e , n _{bp )) of the ideal refractive index (n e} ) of the liquid crystal molecule 264 and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer.}

At this time, the concave lens layer 254 is the average value _{of the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264, and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer (} Since it has substantially the same refractive index as AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )), light emitted from the display panel 220 feels a difference in refractive index at the interface between the liquid crystal layer 260 and the concave lens layer 254 .

For example, a plurality of the liquid crystal molecules 264 is more than the refractive index (n _e) a normal refractive index, so (n _o) greater nematic liquid than, more than the refractive index (n _e) of the plurality of the liquid crystal molecules 264 and the binder polymer The average value (AVG(n _e , n _bp )) of the refractive index (n _bp ) is the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264, and the binder It may be about 1.7 to about 1.75, which is greater than about 1.55 to about 1.6, which is an average value (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) of the refractive index (n _{bp) of the polymer.}

Since the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 260 is greater than the refractive index of the concave lens layer 252, in this case, the lens panel 230 serves as a convex lens and emits from the display panel 220 and has a polarization state parallel to the ground. The light is refracted to pass through the lens panel 230, and the switchable display device 210 displays a 3D image.

Since the switchable display device 210 uses a nano liquid crystal filled with a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 264 in the nanocapsule 262, it is easy to manufacture the lens panel 230 in a film form, and is manufactured by omitting the alignment layer. Cost is reduced, and since the liquid crystal molecules 264 are rearranged by an electric field, uniform alignment can be secured.

In the second embodiment, a 2D image is displayed when a voltage is not applied and a 3D image is displayed when a voltage is applied using light in a polarization state parallel to the ground, but in other embodiments, the normal refractive index of the liquid crystal molecule 264 (n _o ), the ideal refractive index (n _e ) and the refractive index of the concave lens layer 254 are adjusted, and a 2D image is displayed when a voltage is applied using light in a polarized state perpendicular to the ground, and the voltage is not applied. You can display 3D images.

In the first and second embodiments, a liquid crystal layer was formed between the concave lens layer under the first substrate and the second substrate, but in other embodiments, the liquid crystal layer was formed between the convex lens layer over the first substrate and the second substrate. It may be formed, which will be described with reference to the drawings.

4A and 4B are diagrams showing liquid crystal arrangement states in 2D mode and 3D mode of the switchable display device according to the third embodiment of the present invention, respectively, and descriptions of the same parts as in the first and second embodiments are described. Omit it.

4A and 4B, the switchable display device 310 according to the third embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel 320 and a lens panel 330.

The display panel 320 displays a 2D image or a 3D image using a plurality of pixels including the first to third pixels P1 to P3, and the display panel 320 is a liquid crystal display device, an organic light emitting diode. It may be a flat panel display device such as a display device or a plasma display device, and in the case of a liquid crystal display device, it may be one of a TN mode, an IPS mode, a VA mode, an ECB mode, and an OCB mode.

Light emitted from the display panel 320 may have a polarization state in a specific direction using a polarizing plate or the like, and for example, may have a polarization state in a direction parallel to the ground.

The lens panel 330 is disposed on the display panel 320 to selectively refract or transmit light emitted from the display panel 320 as it is, and the first and second substrates 340 and 350 facing each other and spaced apart from each other. ) And a liquid crystal layer 360 formed between the first and second substrates 340 and 350.

The first and second substrates 340 and 350 may be formed of a flexible material in the form of a film.

A transparent convex lens layer 342 is formed on the inner surface of the first substrate 340, and a plurality of first electrodes 352 and a plurality of second electrodes 354 are formed on the inner surface of the second substrate 350.

The convex lens layer 342 does not affect the average value (AVG (n _e , n _{bp )) of the ideal refractive index (n e} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364 and the refractive index (n _bp ) of the binder polymer (n bp) and the optical path control. It may be made of a material having substantially the same refractive index, for example, a resin such as PET.

On the upper surface of the convex lens layer 342, a plurality of convex portions each having a semi-cylindrical shape or a semi-elliptic cylinder shape and spaced parallel to each other are formed, and the liquid crystal layer 360 includes a convex lens layer 344 and a plurality of first electrodes. It is filled between 352 and a plurality of second electrodes 354.

In this case, the cross section of each of the plurality of convex portions may have a semicircular shape or a semi-elliptic shape, and as a result, each of the plurality of convex portions may implement a spherical convex lens shape or an aspherical convex lens shape.

The plurality of first electrodes 352 and the plurality of second electrodes 354 may each have a bar shape, are spaced parallel to each other and alternately disposed, and indium-tin-oxide or phosphorus??-zinc- It may be made of a transparent conductive material such as oxide, conductive polymer, carbon nanotube, graphene or silver nanowire.

In the third embodiment, it is illustrated that a plurality of first electrodes 352 and a plurality of second electrodes 354 are formed parallel to the longitudinal direction of the semi-cylindrical shape of the plurality of convex portions. The first electrode 352 and the plurality of second electrodes 354 are formed perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the semi-cylindrical shape of the plurality of convex portions, or the plurality of first electrodes 352 are used for a viewing area overlapping structure in 3D image display. And the plurality of second electrodes 354 may be formed to be inclined to cross the semi-cylindrical shape of the plurality of convex portions at an arbitrary angle.

The liquid crystal layer 360 includes a nano liquid crystal in which a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364 are filled in a nanocapsule 362, which is a polymer capsule having a diameter of several to several hundreds of nanometers, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364 have dielectric anisotropy. This amount (Δε> 0) may be a positive type.

The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364 _{have a birefringence characteristic representing a normal refractive index (n o} ) and an abnormal refractive index (n _e ) according to the traveling direction of light, for example, the normal refractive index (n _o ) is greater than the abnormal refractive index (n _e ). It may be a small nematic liquid crystal (n _o <n _e ).

These nano liquid crystals have isotropic properties when an electric field is not applied, and are rearranged by an electric field within the nanocapsules 362 when an electric field is applied to them, and when a binder polymer is added to these nano liquid crystals, it is produced in the form of a film. It has the advantage of being easy to do.

For example, after forming a convex lens layer 342 on the first substrate 340 in the form of a film, coating a nano liquid crystal to which a binder polymer is added, and then curing the coated nano liquid crystal with heat or light, the convex lens layer ( 342) A liquid crystal layer 360 can be formed on the top, and an adhesive layer is formed on the top of the liquid crystal layer 360 with a material having excellent optical transmittance, such as an optically transparent adhesive, and a protective layer is formed on the top of the adhesive layer. I can.

After removing the protective layer from the first substrate 340 in the form of a film on which the convex lens layer 342 and the liquid crystal layer 360 are formed, a plurality of first electrodes 352 and a plurality of second electrodes 354 are formed. By attaching to the second substrate 350 in the form of a film, the lens panel 330 in the form of a film can be formed.

The switchable display device 310 selectively displays a 2D image and a 3D image according to the arrangement state of the liquid crystal layer 360.

That is, in the 2D mode displaying a 2D image as shown in FIG. 4A, a voltage is applied to the plurality of first electrodes 352 and the plurality of second electrodes 354 (ON), and as a result, the plurality of first electrodes 352 A horizontal electric field E is generated between the electrode 352 and the plurality of second electrodes 354, and the plurality of positive-type liquid crystal molecules 364 of the liquid crystal layer 360 have a long axis within the nanocapsule 362. It is rearranged parallel to the first and second substrates 340 and 350 and parallel to the ground so as to be parallel to the horizontal electric field E.

Accordingly, light emitted from the display panel 320 and having a polarization state parallel to the ground _{feels that the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364 have an ideal refractive index n e} , and as a result, the liquid crystal layer 360 It is felt that it has a refractive index corresponding to the average value (AVG(n _e , n _{bp )) of the ideal refractive index (n e} ) of the liquid crystal molecule 364 and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer.}

At this time, the convex lens layer 342 affects the average value (AVG (n _e , n _{bp )) of the ideal refractive index (n e} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364 and the refractive index (n _bp ) of the binder polymer (AVG (n e, n bp )) and the optical path control. By forming a material having substantially the same refractive index within a range that does not cause a difference in refractive index, light emitted from the display panel 320 can be prevented from feeling a difference in refractive index at the interface between the convex lens layer 342 and the liquid crystal layer 360. .

For example, the average value (AVG(n _e , n _{bp )) of the ideal refractive index (n e} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364 and the refractive index of the binder polymer (n _bp ) and the refractive index of the convex lens layer 342 are respectively It may be from about 1.7 to about 1.75.

Therefore, light having a polarization state parallel to the ground is not refracted and passes straight through the lens panel 330 as it is, and the switchable display device 310 displays a 2D image.

And, in the 3D mode displaying a 3D image as shown in FIG. 4B, a voltage is not applied to the plurality of first electrodes 352 and the plurality of second electrodes 354 (OFF), and as a result, a plurality of An electric field is not generated between the first electrode 352 and the plurality of second electrodes 354, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364 of the liquid crystal layer 360 are randomly arranged in the nanocapsule 362. .

Therefore, the light emitted from the display panel 320 and having a polarization state parallel to the ground, a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364 having a refractive index corresponding to the average value of the _{normal refractive index (n o} ) and the ideal refractive index (n _{e ).} As a result, the liquid crystal layer 360 has the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364, and the refractive index of the binder polymer (n _bp ). It feels as having a refractive index corresponding to the average value (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _{bp )).}

At this time, the convex lens layer 342 has a refractive index substantially equal to the average value (AVG(n _e , n _{bp )) of the ideal refractive index (n e} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364 and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer.} Therefore, the light emitted from the display panel 320 feels a difference in refractive index at the interface between the convex lens layer 342 and the liquid crystal layer 360.

For example, because a plurality of the liquid crystal molecules 364 is more than the refractive index (n _e) is greater nematic liquid crystal than the normal refractive index (n _o), normal refractive index of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules (364) (n _o), a plurality of liquid crystal The average value of the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the molecule 364 and the refractive index (n _bp ) of the binder polymer (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) is the ideal refractive index (n _{e) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364} ) And the average value of the refractive index (n _bp ) of the binder polymer (AVG(n _e , n _bp )), which is about 1.55 to about 1.6, which is less than about 1.7 to about 1.75.

Since the refractive index of the convex lens layer 342 is greater than the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 360, in this case, the lens panel 330 serves as a convex lens and has a polarization state that is emitted from the display panel 320 and parallel to the ground. The light is refracted and passes through the lens panel 330, and the switchable display device 310 displays a 3D image.

Since the switchable display device 310 uses a nano liquid crystal filled with a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364 in the nanocapsule 362, it is easy to manufacture the lens panel 330 in a film form, and the alignment layer and the planarization layer are omitted. As a result, manufacturing cost is reduced, and since the liquid crystal molecules 364 are rearranged by an electric field, uniform alignment can be secured.

In the third embodiment, a 2D image is displayed when a voltage is applied and a 3D image is displayed when a voltage is not applied, but in another embodiment, the voltage is adjusted by adjusting the refractive index of the convex lens layer 342 and the polarization direction of incident light. When this is not applied, a 2D image can be displayed, and when a voltage is applied, a 3D image can be displayed, which will be described with reference to the drawings.

5A and 5B are diagrams showing liquid crystal arrangement states in 2D mode and 3D mode of the switchable display device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, respectively, and descriptions of the same parts as in the first to third embodiments are described. Omit it.

5A and 5B, the switchable display device 410 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel 420 and a lens panel 430.

The display panel 420 displays a 2D image or a 3D image using a plurality of pixels including the first to third pixels P1 to P3, and the display panel 420 is a liquid crystal display device, an organic light emitting diode. It may be a flat panel display device such as a display device or a plasma display device, and in the case of a liquid crystal display device, it may be one of a TN mode, an IPS mode, a VA mode, an ECB mode, and an OCB mode.

Light emitted from the display panel 420 may have a polarization state in a specific direction using a polarizing plate or the like, and for example, may have a polarization state in a direction perpendicular to the ground.

The lens panel 430 is disposed on the display panel 420 to selectively refract or transmit light emitted from the display panel 420 as it is, and the first and second substrates 440 and 450 facing each other and spaced apart from each other. ) And a liquid crystal layer 460 formed between the first and second substrates 440 and 450.

The first and second substrates 440 and 450 may be formed of a flexible material in the form of a film.

A transparent convex lens layer 442 is formed on the inner surface of the first substrate 440, and a plurality of first electrodes 452 and a plurality of second electrodes 454 are formed on the inner surface of the second substrate 450.

The convex lens layer 442 is the average value of the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 464, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 464, and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer (AVG (} n _o , n _e , n _bp )) and a material having substantially the same refractive index within a range that does not affect light path control, for example, may be made of a resin such as PET.

On the upper surface of the convex lens layer 442, a plurality of convex portions each having a semi-cylindrical shape or a semi-elliptic cylinder shape and spaced parallel to each other are formed, and the liquid crystal layer 460 includes a convex lens layer 444 and a plurality of first electrodes. It is filled between the 452 and the plurality of second electrodes 454.

In this case, the cross section of each of the plurality of convex portions may have a semicircular shape or a semi-elliptic shape, and as a result, each of the plurality of convex portions may implement a spherical convex lens shape or an aspherical convex lens shape.

The plurality of first electrodes 452 and the plurality of second electrodes 454 may each have a bar shape, are spaced parallel to each other and alternately disposed, and indium-tin-oxide or phosphorus??-zinc- It may be made of a transparent conductive material such as oxide, conductive polymer, carbon nanotube, graphene or silver nanowire.

The liquid crystal layer 460 includes a nano liquid crystal in which a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 464 are filled in a nanocapsule 462, which is a polymer capsule having a diameter of several to hundreds of nanometers, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 464 have dielectric anisotropy. This amount (Δε> 0) may be a positive type.

The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 464 have _{birefringence characteristics representing a normal refractive index (n o} ) and an abnormal refractive index (n _e ) depending on the traveling direction of light, for example, the normal refractive index (n _o ) is greater than the abnormal refractive index (n _e ). It may be a small nematic liquid crystal (n _o <n _e ).

These nano liquid crystals have isotropic properties when an electric field is not applied, and when an electric field is applied, they are rearranged by an electric field within the nanocapsules 462 to have directionality. It has the advantage of being easy to do.

The switchable display device 410 selectively displays a 2D image and a 3D image according to the arrangement state of the liquid crystal layer 460.

That is, in the 2D mode displaying a 2D image as shown in FIG. 5A, a voltage is not applied to the plurality of first electrodes 452 and the plurality of second electrodes 454 (OFF), and as a result, An electric field is not generated between the first electrode 452 and the plurality of second electrodes 454, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 464 of the liquid crystal layer 460 are randomly arranged in the nanocapsule 362. .

Accordingly, light emitted from the display panel 420 and having a polarization state perpendicular to the ground, a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 464 have a refractive index corresponding to the average value of the _{normal refractive index (n o} ) and the ideal refractive index (n _{e ).} As a result, the liquid crystal layer 460 has the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 464, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 464, and the refractive index of the binder polymer (n _bp ). It feels as having a refractive index corresponding to the average value (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _{bp )).}

At this time, the convex lens layer 442 is applied to the average value _{of the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 464, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 464, and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer (} AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) and a material having substantially the same refractive index within a range that does not affect the light path control, the light emitted from the display panel 420 is convex lens layer 442 ) And the liquid crystal layer 460 may not feel a difference in refractive index at the interface.

For example, the average value of the normal refractive index (n _{o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 464, the ideal refractive index (n e} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364, and the refractive index (n _bp ) of the binder polymer (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) and the convex lens layer 342 may have a refractive index of about 1.55 to about 1.6, respectively.

Therefore, light having a polarization state perpendicular to the ground is not refracted and passes straight through the lens panel 430 as it is, and the switchable display device 410 displays a 2D image.

And, in the 3D mode displaying a 3D image as shown in FIG. 5B, a voltage is applied to the plurality of first electrodes 452 and the plurality of second electrodes 454 (ON), and as a result, the plurality of first electrodes 452 A horizontal electric field E is generated between the electrode 452 and the plurality of second electrodes 454, and the plurality of positive-type liquid crystal molecules 464 of the liquid crystal layer 460 have a long axis within the nanocapsule 462. The first and second substrates 440 and 450 are horizontal and rearranged parallel to the ground so as to be parallel to the horizontal electric field E.

Accordingly, light emitted from the display panel 420 and having a polarization state perpendicular to the ground _{feels that the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 464 have a normal refractive index (n o} ), and as a result, the liquid crystal layer 460 It is felt that it has a refractive index corresponding to the average value (AVG(n _o , n _{bp )) of the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the liquid crystal molecule 464 and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer.}

At this time, the convex lens layer 442 is _{the average value of the normal refractive index (n o} ), the ideal refractive index (n _e ) and the refractive index of the binder polymer (n _bp ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 464 (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) has substantially the same refractive index as the light emitted from the display panel 420 and feels a difference in refractive index at the interface between the convex lens layer 442 and the liquid crystal layer 460.

For example, a plurality of the liquid crystal molecules 464 is more than the refractive index (n _e) a normal refractive index, so (n _o) greater nematic liquid crystal than the normal refractive index (n _o) of the plurality of the liquid crystal molecules 464, and a binder polymer The average value of the refractive index (n _{bp ) (AVG(n o} , n _bp )) is the normal refractive index (n _o ), the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 464, and the refractive index (n _bp ) of the binder polymer. It may be about 1.45 to about 1.5, which is less than the average value (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _{bp )) of about 1.55 to about 1.6.}

Since the refractive index of the convex lens layer 442 is greater than the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 460, in this case, the lens panel 430 acts as a convex lens and emits from the display panel 420 and has a polarization state perpendicular to the ground. The light is refracted and passes through the lens panel 430, and the switchable display device 410 displays a 3D image.

Since the switchable display device 410 uses a nano liquid crystal filled with a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 464 in the nanocapsule 462, it is easy to manufacture the lens panel 430 in a film form, and the alignment layer and the planarization layer are omitted. As a result, manufacturing cost is reduced, and since the liquid crystal molecules 464 are rearranged by an electric field, uniform alignment can be secured.

In the third and fourth embodiments, a 2D image or a 3D image is displayed using a convex lens layer, a positive type liquid crystal layer, and light in a polarized state parallel to the ground or light in a polarized state perpendicular to the ground. In 2D when no voltage is applied by adjusting the normal refractive index (n _o ) and the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the liquid crystal molecule and the refractive index of the convex lens layer, using a negative type liquid crystal layer and light in a polarized state parallel to the ground. Display an image and display a 3D image when voltage is applied, or _{adjust the normal refractive index (n o} ) and abnormal refractive index (n _e ) of liquid crystal molecules and the refractive index of the convex lens layer, and perpendicular to the negative type liquid crystal layer and the ground. It is possible to display a 2D image when a voltage is applied using light of one polarization state and a 3D image when a voltage is not applied.

In the third embodiment, a positive type liquid crystal is used, but in other embodiments, a negative type liquid crystal may be used, which will be described with reference to the drawings.

6A and 6B are views showing liquid crystal arrangement states in 2D mode and 3D mode of the switchable display device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, respectively, and descriptions of the same parts as in the first to fourth embodiments are described. Omit it.

6A and 6B, the switchable display device 510 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel 520 and a lens panel 530.

The display panel 520 displays a 2D image or a 3D image using a plurality of pixels including first to third pixels P1 to P3, and the display panel 520 is a liquid crystal display device, an organic light emitting diode. It may be a flat panel display device such as a display device or a plasma display device, and in the case of a liquid crystal display device, it may be one of a TN mode, an IPS mode, a VA mode, an ECB mode, and an OCB mode.

The light emitted from the display panel 520 may have a polarization state in a specific direction using a polarizing plate, for example, and may have a polarization state in a direction perpendicular to the ground.

The lens panel 530 is disposed on the display panel 520 to selectively refract or transmit light emitted from the display panel 520 as it is, and the first and second substrates 540 and 550 facing each other and spaced apart from each other. ) And a liquid crystal layer 560 formed between the first and second substrates 540 and 550.

The first and second substrates 540 and 550 may be formed of a flexible material in the form of a film.

First and second electrodes 542 and 552 are formed on inner surfaces of the first and second substrates 540 and 550, respectively, and a transparent convex lens layer 544 is formed on the first electrode 542.

The first and second electrodes 542 and 552 may have a plate shape formed on the first and second substrates 540 and 550, respectively, and may be indium-tin-oxide or phosphorus??-zinc-oxide, a conductive polymer. , It may be made of a transparent conductive material such as carbon nanotubes, graphene or silver nanowires.

The convex lens layer 544 is the average value of the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564, and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer (AVG (} n _o , n _e , n _bp )) and a material having substantially the same refractive index within a range that does not affect light path control, for example, may be made of a resin such as PET.

In addition, an uneven pattern for inducing rearrangement of the liquid crystal molecules 564 when an electric field is applied to the inner surface of the first substrate 540 and the first electrode 542 and the inner surface of the second substrate 550 and the second electrode 552, respectively. This may be formed, and the concave-convex pattern may be formed of concave portions and convex portions that are alternately arranged in parallel along a direction perpendicular to the ground.

On the upper surface of the convex lens layer 544, a plurality of convex portions each having a semi-cylindrical shape or a semi-elliptical shape and spaced parallel to each other are formed, and the liquid crystal layer 560 includes the convex lens layer 544 and the second electrode 552. ) Is filled between.

In this case, the cross section of each of the plurality of convex portions may have a semicircular shape or a semi-elliptic shape, and as a result, each of the plurality of convex portions may implement a spherical convex lens shape or an aspherical convex lens shape.

The liquid crystal layer 560 includes a nano liquid crystal in which a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564 are filled in a nanocapsule 562, which is a polymer capsule having a diameter of several to several hundreds of nanometers, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564 has dielectric anisotropy. This may be a negative type of negative (Δε<0).

The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564 _{have a birefringence characteristic representing a normal refractive index (n o} ) and an abnormal refractive index (n _e ) according to the traveling direction of light, for example, the normal refractive index (n _o ) is greater than the abnormal refractive index (n _e ). It may be a small nematic liquid crystal (n _o <n _e ).

These nano liquid crystals have isotropic properties when an electric field is not applied, and are rearranged by an electric field in the nanocapsules 562 when an electric field is applied, and are produced in a film form when a binder polymer is added to these nano liquid crystals. It has the advantage of being easy to do.

For example, after forming the first electrode 542 and the convex lens layer 544 on the first substrate 540 in the form of a film and coating a nano liquid crystal to which a binder polymer is added, the coated nano liquid crystal is heated or lighted. The liquid crystal layer 560 can be formed on the convex lens layer 544 by curing it with, and an adhesive layer is formed on the liquid crystal layer 560 with a material having excellent optical transmittance such as an optically transparent adhesive, and a protective layer is formed on the adhesive layer. By forming, it can be used in the form of a film.

After removing the protective layer from the first substrate 540 in the form of a film on which the first electrode 542, the convex lens layer 544, and the liquid crystal layer 560 are formed, the second electrode 552 is formed. 2 By attaching to the substrate 550, the lens panel 530 in the form of a film can be formed.

The switchable display device 510 selectively displays a 2D image and a 3D image according to the arrangement state of the liquid crystal layer 560.

That is, in the 2D mode displaying a 2D image as shown in FIG. 6A, voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes 542 and 552 (OFF), and as a result, the first and second electrodes 542 and No electric field is generated between 552, and a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564 of the liquid crystal layer 560 are randomly arranged within the nanocapsule 562.

Accordingly, light emitted from the display panel 520 and having a polarization state perpendicular to the ground, a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564 have a refractive index corresponding to the average value of the _{normal refractive index (n o} ) and the ideal refractive index (n _{e ).} As a result, the liquid crystal layer 560 has the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564, and the refractive index of the binder polymer (n _bp ). It feels as having a refractive index corresponding to the average value (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _{bp )).}

At this time, the convex lens layer 544 is used as the average value _{of the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564, and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer (} AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) and a material having substantially the same refractive index within a range that does not affect the light path control, the light emitted from the display panel 520 is convex lens layer 544 ) At the interface between the liquid crystal layer 560 and the liquid crystal layer 560 may not feel a difference in refractive index.

For example, the average value of the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564, and the refractive index (n _bp ) of the binder polymer (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) and the convex lens layer 544 may each have a refractive index of about 1.55 to about 1.6.

Therefore, light having a polarization state perpendicular to the ground is not refracted and passes straight through the lens panel 530 as it is, and the switchable display device 510 displays a 2D image.

And, in the 3D mode displaying a 3D image as shown in FIG. 6B, a voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 542 and 552 (ON), and as a result, the first and second electrodes 542 and 552 ) Between the vertical electric field (E) is generated, and a plurality of negative-type liquid crystal molecules 564 of the liquid crystal layer 560 are first and second so that the long axis is perpendicular to the vertical electric field (E) in the nanocapsule 562. 2 It is rearranged horizontally to the substrates 540 and 550 and parallel to the ground.

Accordingly, light emitted from the display panel 520 and having a polarization state perpendicular to the ground _{feels that the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564 have a normal refractive index (n o} ), and as a result, the liquid crystal layer 560 It is felt that it has a refractive index corresponding to the average value (AVG(n _o , n _{bp )) of the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the liquid crystal molecule 564 and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer.}

At this time, the convex lens layer 544 is the average value _{of the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564, and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer (} Since it has substantially the same refractive index as AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )), light emitted from the display panel 520 feels a difference in refractive index at the interface between the convex lens layer 544 and the liquid crystal layer 560 .

For example, a plurality of the liquid crystal molecules 564 is more than the refractive index (n _e) a normal refractive index, so (n _o) greater nematic liquid crystal than the normal refractive index (n _o) of the plurality of the liquid crystal molecules 364, and a binder polymer The average value of the refractive index (n _{bp ) (AVG(n o} , n _bp )) is the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364, and the binder It may be about 1.45 to about 1.5, which is less than about 1.55 to about 1.6, which is an average value (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) of the refractive index (n _{bp) of the polymer.}

Since the refractive index of the convex lens layer 544 is greater than the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 560, in this case, the lens panel 530 acts as a convex lens and has a polarization state that is emitted from the display panel 520 and is perpendicular to the ground. The light is refracted to pass through the lens panel 530, and the switchable display device 510 displays a 3D image.

Since such a switchable display device 510 uses a nano liquid crystal filled with a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 564 in a nano capsule 562, it is easy to manufacture the lens panel 530 in a film form, and an alignment layer and a planarization layer are omitted. As a result, manufacturing cost is reduced, and since the liquid crystal molecules 564 are rearranged by an electric field, uniform alignment can be secured.

In the fifth embodiment, a 2D image is displayed when a voltage is not applied and a 3D image is displayed when a voltage is applied using light in a polarization state perpendicular to the ground, but in other embodiments, the normal refractive index of the liquid crystal molecule 564 (n _o ), the ideal refractive index (n _e ) and the refractive index of the convex lens layer 544 are adjusted, and a 2D image is displayed when a voltage is applied using light in a polarized state parallel to the ground, and the voltage is not applied. You can display 3D images.

In the first to fifth embodiments, 2D images and 3D images are selectively displayed using light in a polarized state, but in other embodiments, 2D images and 3D images may be selectively displayed using light in a non-polarized state. , This will be described with reference to the drawings.

7A and 7B are diagrams showing liquid crystal arrangement states in 2D mode and 3D mode of the switchable display device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, respectively, and descriptions of the same parts as in the first to fifth embodiments are described. Omit it.

7A and 7B, the switchable display device 610 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel 620 and a lens panel 630.

The display panel 620 displays a 2D image or a 3D image using a plurality of pixels including first to third pixels P1 to P3, and the display panel 620 is a liquid crystal display device, an organic light emitting diode. It may be a flat panel display device such as a display device or a plasma display device, and in the case of a liquid crystal display device, it may be one of a TN mode, an IPS mode, a VA mode, an ECB mode, and an OCB mode.

Here, the display panel 620 may emit light in a non-polarized state as well as light having a polarization state in a specific direction. It may be an organic light emitting diode display device.

In this way, even when the display panel 620 emits light in a non-polarized state, the switchable display device 610 can selectively display a 2D image and a 3D image. This is because the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 660 itself is used, not the birefringence (phase difference) of 664), which will be described again later.

The lens panel 630 is disposed on the display panel 620 to selectively refract or transmit light emitted from the display panel 620 as it is, and the first and second substrates 640 and 650 facing each other and spaced apart from each other. ), and a liquid crystal layer 660 formed between the first and second substrates 640 and 650.

The first and second substrates 640 and 650 may be formed of a flexible material in the form of a film.

First and second electrodes 642 and 652 are formed on inner surfaces of the first and second substrates 640 and 650, respectively, and a transparent concave lens layer 654 is formed under the second electrode 652.

The first and second electrodes 642 and 652 may have a plate shape formed on the first and second substrates 640 and 650, respectively, and may be indium-tin-oxide or phosphorus??-zinc-oxide, a conductive polymer. , It may be made of a transparent conductive material such as carbon nanotubes, graphene or silver nanowires.

The concave lens layer 654 is an average value of the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 664, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 664, and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer (AVG (} n _o , n _e , n _bp )) and a material having substantially the same refractive index within a range that does not affect light path control, for example, may be made of a resin such as PET.

On the lower surface of the concave lens layer 654, a plurality of concave portions each having a semi-cylindrical shape or a semi-elliptical shape and spaced parallel to each other are formed, and the liquid crystal layer 660 includes a concave lens layer 654 and a first electrode 642 ) Is filled in the recess between.

In this case, a cross section of each of the plurality of concave portions may have a semicircular shape or a semi-elliptic shape, and as a result, each of the plurality of concave portions may implement a spherical concave lens shape or an aspherical concave lens shape.

The liquid crystal layer 660 includes a nano liquid crystal in which a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 664 are filled in a nanocapsule 662, which is a polymer capsule having a diameter of several to hundreds of nanometers, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 664 have dielectric anisotropy. This amount (Δε> 0) may be a positive type.

The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 664 have _{birefringence characteristics representing a normal refractive index (n o} ) and an abnormal refractive index (n _e ) depending on the traveling direction of light, for example, the normal refractive index (n _o ) is greater than the abnormal refractive index (n _e ). It may be a small nematic liquid crystal (n _o <n _e ).

These nano liquid crystals have isotropic properties when an electric field is not applied, and are rearranged by an electric field in the nanocapsules 662 when an electric field is applied to have directionality, and when a binder polymer is added to these nano liquid crystals, it is produced in a film form It has the advantage of being easy to do.

The switchable display device 610 selectively displays a 2D image and a 3D image according to the arrangement state of the liquid crystal layer 660.

That is, in the 2D mode displaying a 2D image as shown in FIG. 7A, voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 642 and 652 (ON), and as a result, the first and second electrodes 642 and 652 ) Between the vertical electric field (E) is generated, and a plurality of positive-type liquid crystal molecules 664 of the liquid crystal layer 660 are first and second so that the long axis is parallel to the vertical electric field (E) in the nanocapsule 662. 2 It is rearranged perpendicular to the substrates 640 and 650 and parallel to the ground.

Accordingly, light emitted from the display panel 620 and in a polarized or non-polarized state _{feels that the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 664 have a normal refractive index (n o} ), and as a result, the liquid crystal layer 660 It is felt that it has a refractive index corresponding to the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the molecule 664 and the average value of the refractive index (n _bp ) of the binder polymer (AVG (n _o , n _{bp )).}

At this time, the concave lens layer 654 _{affects the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 664 and the average value of the refractive index (n _bp ) of the binder polymer (AVG (n _o , n _bp )) and the optical path control. By forming a material having substantially the same refractive index within a range that does not cause a difference in refractive index, light emitted from the display panel 620 can be prevented from feeling a difference in refractive index at the interface between the liquid crystal layer 660 and the concave lens layer 654. .

_{For example, the average value of the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 664 and the refractive index (n _bp ) of the binder polymer (AVG (n _o , n _bp )) and the refractive index of the concave lens layer 654 are respectively It may be from about 1.45 to about 1.5.

Therefore, the polarized or non-polarized light is not refracted and passes straight through the lens panel 630, and the switchable display device 610 displays a 2D image.

And, in the 3D mode displaying a 3D image as shown in FIG. 7B, a voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes 642 and 652 (OFF), and as a result, the first and second electrodes 642 and No electric field is generated between 652, and a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 664 of the liquid crystal layer 660 are randomly arranged in the nanocapsule 662.

Accordingly, the polarized or non-polarized light emitted from the display panel 620 has a refractive index corresponding to the average value of the _{normal refractive index (n o} ) and the abnormal refractive index (n _{e) of a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 664.} As a result, the liquid crystal layer 660 is the average value _{of the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 664, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 664 and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer} It feels as having a refractive index corresponding to (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _{bp )).}

At this time, the concave lens layer 654 has a refractive index substantially equal to the average value (AVG (n _o , n _{bp )) of the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 664 and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer.} Therefore, the light emitted from the display panel 620 feels a difference in refractive index at the interface between the liquid crystal layer 660 and the concave lens layer 654.

For example, because a plurality of the liquid crystal molecules 664 is more than the refractive index (n _e) is greater nematic liquid crystal than the normal refractive index (n _o), normal refractive index of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules (364) (n _o), a plurality of liquid crystal The average value of the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the molecule 364 and the refractive index (n _bp ) of the binder polymer (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) is the normal refractive index of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364 (n _o ) And the average value (AVG(n _o , n _bp )) of the refractive index (n _bp ) of the binder polymer, which is about 1.55 to about 1.6, which is greater than about 1.45 to about 1.5.

Since the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 660 is greater than the refractive index of the concave lens layer 654, in this case, the lens panel 630 acts as a convex lens, and the polarized or non-polarized light emitted from the display panel 620 Is refracted to pass through the lens panel 630, and the switchable display device 610 displays a 3D image.

Since the switchable display device 610 uses a nano liquid crystal filled with a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 664 in the nanocapsule 662, it is easy to manufacture the lens panel 630 in a film form, and the alignment layer and the planarization layer are omitted. As a result, manufacturing cost is reduced, and since the liquid crystal molecules 664 are rearranged by an electric field, uniform alignment can be secured.

In the sixth embodiment, a liquid crystal layer is formed between the concave lens layer under the first substrate and the second substrate, but in another embodiment, a liquid crystal layer may be formed between the convex lens layer over the first substrate and the second substrate. , This will be described with reference to the drawings.

8A and 8B are diagrams showing liquid crystal arrangement states in 2D mode and 3D mode of the switchable display device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, respectively, and descriptions of the same parts as in the first to sixth embodiments are described. Omit it.

8A and 8B, the switchable display device 710 according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel 720 and a lens panel 730.

The display panel 720 displays a 2D image or a 3D image using a plurality of pixels including first to third pixels P1 to P3, and the display panel 720 is a liquid crystal display device, an organic light emitting diode It may be a flat panel display device such as a display device or a plasma display device, and in the case of a liquid crystal display device, it may be one of a TN mode, an IPS mode, a VA mode, an ECB mode, and an OCB mode.

Here, the display panel 320 may emit light in a non-polarized state as well as light having a polarization state in a specific direction. It may be an organic light emitting diode display device.

In this way, even when the display panel 720 emits light in a non-polarized state, the switchable display device 710 can selectively display a 2D image and a 3D image. This is because the effective refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 760 itself is used, not the birefringence (phase difference) of 764), which will be described later.

The lens panel 730 is disposed on the display panel 720 to selectively refract or transmit light emitted from the display panel 720 as it is, and the first and second substrates 740 and 750 facing each other and spaced apart from each other. ) And a liquid crystal layer 760 formed between the first and second substrates 740 and 750.

The first and second substrates 740 and 750 may be formed of a flexible material in the form of a film.

First and second electrodes 742 and 752 are formed on inner surfaces of the first and second substrates 740 and 750, respectively, and a transparent convex lens layer 744 is formed on the first electrode 742.

The first and second electrodes 742 and 752 may have a plate shape formed on the first and second substrates 740 and 750, respectively, and may be indium-tin-oxide or phosphorus??-zinc-oxide, a conductive polymer. , It may be made of a transparent conductive material such as carbon nanotubes, graphene or silver nanowires.

The convex lens layer 744 is the average value of the normal refractive index (n _{o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764, the ideal refractive index (n e} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364, and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer (AVG (} n _o , n _e , n _bp )) and a material having substantially the same refractive index within a range that does not affect light path control, for example, may be made of a resin such as PET.

On the upper surface of the convex lens layer 744, a plurality of convex portions each having a semi-cylindrical shape or a semi-elliptical shape and spaced parallel to each other are formed, and the liquid crystal layer 760 includes a convex lens layer 744 and a second electrode 752. ) Is filled between.

In this case, the cross section of each of the plurality of convex portions may have a semicircular shape or a semi-elliptic shape, and as a result, each of the plurality of convex portions may implement a spherical convex lens shape or an aspherical convex lens shape.

The liquid crystal layer 760 includes a nano-liquid crystal filled with a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764 in a nanocapsule 762, which is a polymer capsule having a diameter of several to hundreds of nanometers, and the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764 has dielectric anisotropy. This amount (Δε> 0) may be a positive type.

The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764 have _{birefringence characteristics representing a normal refractive index (n o} ) and an abnormal refractive index (n _e ) according to the traveling direction of light, for example, the normal refractive index (n _o ) is greater than the abnormal refractive index (n _e ). It can be a small nematic liquid crystal (n _o <n _e ).

The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764 of such nano liquid crystals have isotropic properties when an electric field is not applied, and when an electric field is applied, they are rearranged by an electric field within the nanocapsules 762 to have orientation. There is an advantage in that it is easy to manufacture in a film form when added.

The switchable display device 710 selectively displays a 2D image and a 3D image according to the arrangement of the liquid crystal layer 760.

That is, in the 2D mode displaying a 2D image as shown in FIG. 8A, voltage is not applied to the first and second electrodes 742 and 752 (OFF), and as a result, the first and second electrodes 742 and 752), no electric field is generated, and a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764 of the liquid crystal layer 760 are randomly arranged within the nanocapsule 762.

Accordingly, the polarized or non-polarized light emitted from the display panel 720 means that the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764 have a refractive index corresponding to the average value of the _{normal refractive index (n o} ) and the ideal refractive index (n _{e ).} As a result, the liquid crystal layer 760 has an average value _{of the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764, and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer} It feels as having a refractive index corresponding to (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _{bp )).}

At this time, the convex lens layer 744 is used as the average value _{of the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764, and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer (} AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) and a material having substantially the same refractive index within a range that does not affect the optical path control, the polarized state emitted from the display panel 720 or the non-polarized state It is possible to prevent light from feeling a difference in refractive index at the interface between the convex lens layer 744 and the liquid crystal layer 760.

For example, the refractive index of the convex lens layer 744 and the normal refractive index of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764 (n _o ), the ideal refractive index of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 364 (n _e ), and the refractive index of the binder polymer (n _bp ), the average value (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) may be about 1.55 to about 1.6, respectively.

Therefore, the polarized or non-polarized light is not refracted and passes straight through the lens panel 730, and the switchable display device 710 displays a 2D image.

And, in the 3D mode displaying a 3D image as shown in FIG. 8B, voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 742 and 752, and as a result, between the first and second electrodes 742 and 752. A vertical electric field E is generated, and a plurality of positive-type liquid crystal molecules 764 of the liquid crystal layer 360 have the first and second substrates ( 740, 750) and rearranged parallel to the ground.

Accordingly, the polarized or non-polarized light emitted from the display panel 720 _{feels that the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764 have a normal refractive index (n o} ), and as a result, the liquid crystal layer 760 It is felt that it has a refractive index corresponding to the average value of the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the molecule 764 and the refractive index (n _bp ) of the binder polymer (AVG (n _o , n _{bp )).}

At this time, the convex lens layer 744 is the average value _{of the normal refractive index (n o} ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764, and the refractive index (n _{bp) of the binder polymer (} Since it has substantially the same refractive index as AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )), light emitted from the display panel 720 feels a difference in refractive index at the interface between the convex lens layer 744 and the liquid crystal layer 760 .

For example, a plurality of the liquid crystal molecules 764 is more than the refractive index (n _e) a normal refractive index, so (n _o) greater nematic liquid crystal than the normal refractive index (n _o) of the plurality of the liquid crystal molecules 764, and a binder polymer The average value of the refractive index (n _{bp ) (AVG(n o} , n _bp )) is the normal refractive index (n _o ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764, the ideal refractive index (n _e ) of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764, and the binder It may be about 1.45 to about 1.5, which is less than about 1.55 to about 1.6, which is an average value (AVG(n _o , n _e , n _bp )) of the refractive index (n _{bp) of the polymer.}

Since the refractive index of the convex lens layer 744 is greater than the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 760, in this case, the lens panel 730 serves as a convex lens and is emitted from the display panel 720 and has a polarized or non-polarized state. The light is refracted and passes through the lens panel 730, and the switchable display device 710 displays a 3D image.

Since such a switchable display device 710 uses a nano liquid crystal filled with a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 764 in a nano capsule 762, it is easy to manufacture the lens panel 730 in a film form, and an alignment layer and a planarization layer are omitted. As a result, manufacturing cost is reduced, and since the liquid crystal molecules 764 are rearranged by an electric field, uniform alignment can be secured.

In the seventh embodiment, a 2D image is displayed when no voltage is applied and a 3D image is displayed when a voltage is applied, but in other embodiments, the normal refractive index (n _o ) and the abnormal refractive index (n _e ) of the liquid crystal molecule 764 By adjusting the refractive index of the convex lens layer 744, a 2D image can be displayed when a voltage is applied and a 3D image can be displayed when a voltage is not applied.

In addition, in the first to seventh embodiments, the lens panel may be driven in an inversion method to prevent charge accumulation in the liquid crystal layer, which will be described with reference to the drawings.

9A and 9B are waveform diagrams of voltages applied to the switchable display devices according to the eighth and ninth embodiments of the present invention, respectively, and the switchable display devices 110 to 710 according to the first to seventh embodiments, respectively. It can be applied to, and the first embodiment will be described as an example.

As shown in FIG. 9A, when the switchable display device 110 displays a 3D image, a first voltage V1, which is a reference voltage Vref, is applied to the first electrode 142, and the second electrode ( 144) has a voltage (Vref+ΔV1) greater than the reference voltage (Vref) by the first voltage difference (ΔV1) and a voltage (Vref-ΔV1) smaller than the reference voltage (Vref) by the first voltage difference (ΔV1). The second voltage V2 is applied to generate an electric field.

That is, a first voltage difference (ΔV1) occurs between the first voltage (V1) of the first electrode 142 and the second voltage (V2) of the second electrode 144, and the first voltage difference (ΔV1) is As a result, an electric field is generated and applied to the liquid crystal layer 160, and the liquid crystal molecules 164 are rearranged in the nanocapsule 162 by the electric field.

At this time, since the magnitude of the second voltage V2 is periodically changed with respect to the reference voltage Vref, the direction of the generated electric field is also periodically changed, thereby preventing charge accumulation in the liquid crystal layer 160.

As shown in FIG. 9B, when the switchable display device 110 displays a 3D image, the first electrode 142 has a voltage (Vref-ΔV2) smaller than the reference voltage (Vref) by a second voltage difference (ΔV2). ) And a second voltage difference (ΔV2) greater than the reference voltage Vref (Vref+ΔV2) is alternately applied, and the second electrode 144 is applied with a voltage greater than the reference voltage Vref. A second voltage (V2) alternately having a voltage (Vref+ΔV2) as large as the second voltage difference (ΔV2) and a voltage (Vref-ΔV2) as small as the second voltage difference (ΔV2) than the reference voltage (Vref) is applied. An electric field is created.

At this time, the first and second voltages V1 and V2 have opposite potentials with respect to the reference voltage Vref and are alternately, for example, the first voltage V1 is a second voltage difference than the reference voltage Vref. In the case of a voltage (Vref-ΔV2) as small as (ΔV2), the second voltage (V2) becomes a voltage (Vref+ΔV2) greater than the reference voltage (Vref) by the second voltage difference (ΔV2), and the first voltage (V1) When the voltage (Vref+ΔV2) is greater than the reference voltage (Vref) by the second voltage difference (ΔV2), the first voltage (V1) is a voltage (Vref−) that is smaller than the reference voltage (Vref) by the second voltage difference (ΔV2). ΔV2).

That is, between the first voltage V1 of the first electrode 142 and the second voltage V2 of the second electrode 144, a voltage difference (2ΔV2) that is twice the second voltage difference ΔV2 occurs. , An electric field is generated by a voltage difference (2ΔV2) twice the second voltage difference (ΔV2) and applied to the liquid crystal layer 160, and the liquid crystal molecules 164 are rearranged by the electric field in the nanocapsule 162. do.

At this time, since the magnitudes of the first and second voltages V1 and V2 are periodically changed with respect to the reference voltage Vref, the direction of the generated electric field is also periodically changed, and accordingly, the charge accumulation in the liquid crystal layer 160 is Is prevented.

In addition, since the first electrode 142 and the second electrode 144 have a voltage difference (2ΔV2) that is twice the second voltage difference (ΔV2), the second voltage difference (ΔV2) is equal to the first voltage in FIG. 9A. Even if it is set to 1/2 of the difference (ΔV1) (ΔV2 = (1/2)ΔV1), an electric field of the same intensity can be generated.

Accordingly, the amplitudes of each of the first and second voltages V1 and V2 of FIG. 9B can be reduced than the amplitudes of the first or second voltages V1 and V2 of FIG. 9A, and as a result, power consumption can be reduced. have.

Although the above has been described with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art will variously modify and change the present invention within the scope not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention described in the following claims. You will understand that you can do it.

110: switchable display device 120: display panel
130: lens panel 140: first substrate
150: second substrate 160: liquid crystal layer
162: nanocapsule 164: liquid crystal molecule

Claims (18)

A display panel that displays an image;
A lens panel disposed on the display panel and refracting or transmitting light emitted from the display panel as it is,
First and second substrates facing each other and spaced apart,
First and second electrodes disposed on an inner surface of at least one of the first and second substrates,
A lens layer disposed between the first and second substrates,
A liquid crystal layer formed between one of the first and second substrates and the lens layer and comprising a nano liquid crystal and a binder polymer in which a plurality of liquid crystal molecules are filled in a nano capsule
Lens panel comprising a
Including,
The lens layer,
The normal refractive index of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules, the abnormal refractive index of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules, and the refractive index equal to the average value of the refractive index of the binder polymer, or the refractive index equal to the average value of the normal refractive index of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules and the refractive index of the binder polymer Including a concave lens layer having, or
Refractive index equal to the average value of the abnormal refractive index of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules and the refractive index of the binder polymer, or the normal refractive index of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules, the abnormal refractive index of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules, and the average refractive index of the refractive index of the binder polymer A switchable display device including a convex lens layer.
The method of claim 1,
The plurality of liquid crystal molecules are nematic liquid crystals having a normal refractive index less than an ideal refractive index,
The nano-liquid crystal has isotropic properties when an electric field is not applied, and has a directionality when an electric field is applied.
The method of claim 2,
The concave lens layer includes a plurality of concave portions each having a semi-cylindrical shape or a semi-elliptical shape on a lower surface and spaced apart from each other in parallel, and disposed on an inner surface of the second substrate.
The method of claim 3,
The first and second electrodes are disposed on an inner surface of the first substrate, have a bar shape, are spaced apart from each other in parallel, and alternately disposed.
The method of claim 4,
The plurality of liquid crystal molecules is a switchable display device of a positive type having a positive dielectric anisotropy.
The method of claim 3,
The first and second electrodes are disposed on inner surfaces of the first and second substrates, respectively, and have a plate shape.
The method of claim 6,
The plurality of liquid crystal molecules is a switchable display device of a negative type having negative dielectric anisotropy.
The method of claim 6,
The plurality of liquid crystal molecules is a switchable display device of a positive type having a positive dielectric anisotropy.
The method of claim 8,
The display panel is a switchable display device that emits light in a non-polarized state.
The method of claim 2,
The convex lens layer includes a plurality of convex portions each having a semi-cylindrical shape or a semi-elliptical shape on an upper surface and spaced apart from each other in parallel, and disposed on an inner surface of the first substrate.
The method of claim 10,
The first and second electrodes are disposed on an inner surface of the second substrate, have a bar shape, are spaced apart from each other in parallel, and alternately disposed.
The method of claim 11,
The plurality of liquid crystal molecules is a switchable display device of a positive type having a positive dielectric anisotropy.
delete The method of claim 10,
The first and second electrodes are formed on inner surfaces of the first and second substrates, respectively, and have a plate shape.
The method of claim 14,
The plurality of liquid crystal molecules is a switchable display device of a negative type having negative dielectric anisotropy.
The method of claim 14,
The plurality of liquid crystal molecules is a switchable display device of a positive type having a positive dielectric anisotropy.
The method of claim 16,
The display panel is a switchable display device that emits light in a non-polarized state.
The method of claim 1,
A switchable display device in which an uneven pattern for inducing rearrangement of the plurality of liquid crystal molecules is formed on inner surfaces of the first and second substrates.

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