KR102444026B1 - 다중 빔 적층 제조 - Google Patents
다중 빔 적층 제조 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102444026B1 KR102444026B1 KR1020187000358A KR20187000358A KR102444026B1 KR 102444026 B1 KR102444026 B1 KR 102444026B1 KR 1020187000358 A KR1020187000358 A KR 1020187000358A KR 20187000358 A KR20187000358 A KR 20187000358A KR 102444026 B1 KR102444026 B1 KR 102444026B1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 본 개시 내용의 실시예에 따른, 분말형 재료의 층으로부터 3-차원적인 구조물을 형성하기 위해서 이용되는 다중 빔 적층 제조 시스템의 개략도이다.
도 2는 본 개시 내용의 실시예에 따른, 다중 빔 적층 제조 시스템 내에서 이용하기 위한 1-차원적인 다중 빔 광학 헤드의 개략도이다.
도 2a는 본 개시 내용의 다른 실시예에 따른, 상이한 빔 스폿 크기들 및 간격들을 제공하기 위한 상이한 위치들 내의 화상화 광학기기를 가지는 도 2에 도시된 1-차원적인 다중 빔 광학 헤드의 개략도이다.
도 3은 본 개시 내용의 실시예에 따른, 다중 빔 적층 제조 시스템 내에서 이용하기 위한 2-차원적인 다중 빔 광학 헤드의 개략도이다.
도 4a 내지 도 4d는 본 개시 내용의 실시예에 따른, 다중 빔 광학 헤드로 스캐닝하는 것에 의해서 분말 베드 내에 예시적인 3-차원적인 구조물의 구축 층을 형성하는 것을 도시한다.
도 5a는 본 개시 내용의 실시예에 따른, 다중 빔 분산형 노출로부터 초래되는 빔 스폿 및 용융 볼(melt ball)의 개략도이다.
도 5b는 본 개시 내용의 실시예에 따른, 중첩 다중 빔 분산형 노출로부터 초래되는 빔 스폿 및 용융 볼의 개략도이다.
도 6은 본 개시 내용의 실시예에 따른, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법을 이용하여 스테인리스 강 및 코발트 크롬 각각의 분말 층을 노출하는 레이저 빔에 대한 노출 시간의 함수로서의 용융 볼 직경의 그래프이다.
도 7a 내지 도 7e는 본 개시 내용의 실시예에 따른, 1-차원적인 다중 빔 분산형 노출을 위한 상이한 스캔 패턴들을 도시한다.
도 7f는 본 개시 내용의 다른 실시예에 따른, 간삽(interleaving) 스캔 라인에 의해서 형성된 스캔 패턴을 도시한다.
도 8a 내지 도 8b는 본 개시 내용의 실시예에 따른, 2-차원적인 다중 빔 분산형 노출을 위한 스캔 패턴들을 도시한다.
도 9는 본 개시 내용의 실시예에 따른, 각도형 1-차원적인 다중 빔 분산형 노출을 위한 스캔 패턴들을 도시한다.
도 10은 본 개시 내용의 실시예에 따른, 엇갈린 2-차원적인 다중 빔 분산형 노출을 위한 상이한 스캔 패턴들을 도시한다.
도 11은 본 개시 내용의 실시예에 따른, 다중 빔 적층 제조를 이용하여 형성된 단일 층 중실형(solid) 구조물의 사진이다.
도 12는 본 개시 내용의 실시예에 따른, 다중 빔 적층 제조를 이용하여 형성된 단일 층 형상의 구조물의 사진이다.
도 13은 본 개시 내용의 실시예에 따른, 다중 빔 적층 제조를 이용하여 형성된 다중 층 형상의 구조물의 사진이다.
도 14는 본 개시 내용의 실시예에 따른, 구축 층의 상이한 영역들 내의 상이한 해상도들을 보여주는 구축 층의 상면도이다.
도 15a 내지 도 15c는 본 개시 내용의 추가적인 실시예에 따른, 분말 층이 전달될 때 분말 층을 노출시키기 위해서 분말 전달 시스템에 커플링된 다중 빔 광학 헤드의 상면 개략도이다.
도 16은 본 개시 내용의 다른 실시예에 따른, 분말 층이 전달될 때 분말 층을 노출시키기 위해서 분말 전달 시스템에 커플링된 1-차원적인 각도형 다중 빔 광학 헤드의 상면 개략도이다.
도 17은 본 개시 내용의 다른 실시예에 따른, 분말 층이 전달될 때 분말 층을 노출시키기 위해서 분말 전달 시스템에 커플링된 2-차원적인 엇갈린 다중 빔 광학 헤드의 상면 개략도이다.
도 18은 본 개시 내용의 또 다른 실시예에 따른, 분말 층이 전달될 때 분말 층을 노출시키기 위해서 분말 전달 시스템의 호퍼들(hoppers) 사이에 커플링된 다중 빔 광학 헤드의 측면 개략도이다.
도 19는 본 개시 내용의 다른 실시예에 따른, 다중 빔을 스캐닝하기 위한 다면 거울을 포함하는 다중 빔 레이저 적층 제조 시스템의 개략도이다.
도 20은 본 개시 내용의 다른 실시예에 따른, 다중 빔 스캐닝을 위한 갈보 스캐너(galvo scanner)를 포함하는 다중 빔 레이저 적층 제조 시스템의 개략도이다.
Claims (40)
- 복수의 구축 층에 의해서 형성된 3-차원적인 구조물을 다중 빔 적층 제조하기 위한 방법이며:
광원의 어레이 및 광원의 어레이 각각에 커플링된 광섬유의 어레이, 그리고 광섬유의 출력 단부를 포함하는 광학 헤드를 제공하는 단계;
분말 층의 각각을 수용하기 위해서 수직으로 그리고 점증적으로 이동되는 분말 베드 지지 시스템 상으로 분말 재료의 분말 층을 전달하는 단계; 및
분말 재료의 분말 층의 각각 내에 3-차원적인 구조물의 구축 층을 형성하는 단계로서, 각각의 구축 층을 형성하는 단계는 분말 재료의 상응하는 영역을 선택적으로 융합시키기 위해서 각각의 분말 층의 상이한 영역들 상에서 다중 빔 분산형 노출을 실시하는 단계를 포함하고, 각각의 다중 빔 분산형 노출을 실시하는 단계는, 광의 빔이 선택된 광원에 커플링된 광섬유의 출력 단부로부터 방출되도록 그리고 이격된 빔 스폿들을 포함하는 분산형 노출 패턴을 형성하기 위해서 각각의 분말 층의 상응하는 영역으로 지향되도록, 광원의 어레이 내의 선택된 광원으로부터 광을 동시에 생성하는 단계를 포함하고, 광의 빔은, 상응하는 영역 내의 분말 재료가 융합되어 융합 영역을 형성하도록, 상응하는 영역 내의 분말 재료를 용융시키기에 충분한 파워 및 시간으로 지향되고, 다중 빔 분산형 노출의 각각 내의 빔 스폿들은 다중 빔 분산형 노출의 각각에 의해서 형성된 융합 영역들을 분리할 정도로 충분한 불연속적 어레이로 이격되며, 융합 영역의 각각은 3-차원적인 구조물의 복셀(voxel)에 상응하고, 그리고 각각의 분말 층 내의 분말 재료의 융합 영역은 3-차원적인 구조물의 개별적인 구축 층의 각각을 집합적으로 형성하는, 구축 층을 형성하는 단계를 포함하고,
각각의 분말 층 상에서 다중 빔 분산형 노출을 실시하는 단계는, 분말 층의 복수의 불연속적인 구획을 상기 빔 스폿들이 동시에 덮도록 하는 스캔 패턴으로 광학 헤드를 스캐닝하는 단계를 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
광원이 레이저 다이오드를 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
광원이 섬유 레이저를 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
광섬유의 출력 단부가 광학 헤드 내에서 1-차원적인 어레이로 배열되는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
광섬유의 출력 단부가 광학 헤드 내에서 2-차원적인 어레이로 배열되는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
분말 층의 상이한 영역들 상에서 다중 빔 분산형 노출을 실시하는 단계는 다중 빔 분산형 노출의 각각 중에 광학 헤드를 상이한 위치들로 분말 층에 대해서 이동시키는 단계를 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제6항에 있어서,
광학 헤드는, 분말 층이 전달될 때, 분말 층 상에서 다중 빔 분산형 노출을 실시하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
각각의 분말 층 상에서 다중 빔 분산형 노출을 실시하는 단계는 분말 층에 걸쳐 선형 스캔 패턴으로 광학 헤드를 스캐닝하는 단계를 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제9항에 있어서,
출력 단부 중 하나에 의해서 생성된 빔 스폿이, 이전의 다중 빔 분산형 노출에서의 출력 단부 중 인접한 하나의 출력 단부에 의해서 생성된 빔 스폿에 중첩되도록, 광섬유의 출력 단부가 선형 스캔 방향에 대해서 각도를 이루는 단일 라인으로 배열되는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제9항에 있어서,
출력 단부 중 하나에 의해서 생성된 빔 스폿이, 이전의 다중 빔 분산형 노출에서의 출력 단부 중 인접한 하나의 출력 단부에 의해서 생성된 빔 스폿에 중첩되도록, 광섬유의 출력 단부가 2-차원적인 엇갈린 어레이로 배열되는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
광학 헤드는 50 내지 300 ㎛ 범위의 크기 및 150 내지 600 ㎛ 범위의 간격을 가지는 빔 스폿을 생성하도록 구성되는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
다중 빔 분산형 노출을 실시하는 단계는 스캐닝 광학기기를 이용하여 광의 빔을 스캐닝하는 단계를 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
분말 재료가 금속 분말을 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제14항에 있어서,
금속 분말은 30 ㎛ 초과의 입자 크기를 가지는 입자 및 5 ㎛ 미만의 입자 크기를 가지는 입자를 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제14항에 있어서,
금속 분말은 50 ㎛ 초과의 입자 크기를 가지는 입자를 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
광학 헤드는 화상화 광학기기를 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제17항에 있어서,
프로세싱 표면에 대해서 빔을 탈포커스하는 것에 의해서 분산형 노출 패턴 내의 빔 스폿의 크기 및 간격을 제어하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
적어도 하나의 구축 층의 상이한 영역들에서 복셀의 해상도를 조정하기 위해서 빔 스폿 크기 및 파워 중 적어도 하나를 조정하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 복수의 구축 층에 의해서 형성된 3-차원적인 구조물을 다중 빔 적층 제조하기 위한 방법이며:
분말 재료의 분말 층을 분말 베드 지지 시스템에 전달하는 단계;
분말 재료의 분말 층의 내에 3-차원적인 구조물의 구축 층을 형성하는 단계로서, 그러한 구축 층을 형성하는 단계는 분말 층 내의 분말 재료의 상응하는 영역을 선택적으로 융합시키기 위해서 분말 층의 상이한 영역들 상에서 다중 빔 분산형 노출을 실시하는 단계를 포함하고, 각각의 다중 빔 분산형 노출을 실시하는 단계는, 이격된 빔 스폿들을 포함하는 분산형 노출 패턴을 형성하기 위해서 광 빔을 분말 층의 상응하는 영역으로 동시에 지향시키는 단계를 포함하고, 광의 빔은 상응하는 영역 내의 분말 재료가 융합되어 융합 영역을 형성하도록, 상응하는 영역 내의 분말 재료를 용융시키기에 충분한 파워 및 시간으로 지향되고, 다중 빔 분산형 노출의 각각 내의 빔 스폿들은 다중 빔 분산형 노출의 각각에 의해서 형성된 융합 영역들을 분리할 정도로 충분한 불연속적 어레이로 이격되며, 다중 빔 분산형 노출에 의해서 형성된 분말 재료의 융합 영역은 구축 층을 집합적으로 형성하는, 구축 층을 형성하는 단계; 그리고
3-차원적인 구조물의 구축 층의 각각을 형성하기 위해서 분말 층을 전달하는 단계 및 분말 층 내에 구축 층을 형성하는 단계를 반복하는 단계로서, 융합 영역의 각각이 3-차원적인 구조물의 복셀에 상응하는, 반복 단계를 포함하고,
분말 층 상에서 다중 빔 분산형 노출을 실시하는 단계는, 분말 층의 복수의 불연속적인 구획을 상기 빔 스폿들이 동시에 덮도록 하는 스캔 패턴으로 광학 헤드를 스캐닝하는 단계를 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제20항에 있어서,
광의 빔은 빔 스폿의 1 차원적인 어레이를 형성하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제20항에 있어서,
광의 빔은 빔 스폿의 2-차원적인 어레이를 형성하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제20항에 있어서,
빔 스폿은 50 내지 300 ㎛ 범위의 크기 및 150 내지 600 ㎛ 범위의 간격을 가지는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제20항에 있어서,
분말 재료가 금속 분말을 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제24항에 있어서,
금속 분말은 30 ㎛ 초과의 입자 크기를 가지는 입자 및 5 ㎛ 미만의 입자 크기를 가지는 입자를 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제24항에 있어서,
금속 분말은 50 ㎛ 초과의 입자 크기를 가지는 입자를 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제20항에 있어서,
적어도 하나의 구축 층의 상이한 영역들에서 복셀의 해상도를 조정하기 위해서 빔 스폿 크기 및 파워 중 적어도 하나를 조정하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 3-차원적인 구조물을 다중 빔 적층 제조하기 위한 방법이며:
광원의 어레이 및 광원의 어레이에 각각 커플링된 광섬유의 어레이, 그리고 광섬유의 출력 단부를 포함하는 광학 헤드를 제공하는 단계;
3-차원적인 구조물의 각각의 구축 층을 위한 구축 명령을 수신하는 단계로서, 구축 명령은 적어도 광학 헤드의 위치를 규정하는 광학 헤드 배치 데이터 및 선택된 광원 그리고 선택된 광원에 대한 파워 및 노출 시간을 식별하는 광원 데이터를 포함하는, 수신 단계; 및
다중 빔 분산형 노출을 분말 재료의 층의 상응하는 선택된 영역에 제공하여 상응하는 선택된 영역 내의 분말 재료를 융합시키기 위해서, 광원 데이터에 따라 선택된 광원을 활성화시키면서, 광학 헤드 배치 데이터에 따라 분말 재료의 분말 층에 대해서 광학 헤드를 이동시킴으로써, 3-차원적인 구조물의 각각의 구축 층을 형성하는 단계로서, 각각의 층 내의 분말 재료의 융합 영역이 3-차원적인 구조물의 구축 층을 형성하는, 구축 층을 형성하는 단계를 포함하고,
다중 빔 분산형 노출의 각각 내의 빔 스폿들은 다중 빔 분산형 노출의 각각에 의해서 형성된 융합 영역들을 분리할 정도로 충분한 불연속적 어레이로 이격되며,
구축 층을 형성하는 단계는, 분말 층의 복수의 불연속적인 구획을 상기 빔 스폿들이 동시에 덮도록 하는 스캔 패턴으로 광학 헤드를 스캐닝하는 단계를 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 제28항에 있어서,
광학 헤드 배치 데이터는 광학 헤드의 스캔 패턴을 규정하는 스캔 패턴 데이터를 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 방법. - 다중 빔 적층 제조 시스템이며:
분말 베드 및 그 내부에 형성된 3-차원적인 구조물을 지지하기 위한 그리고 분말 재료의 다중 분말 층을 수용하기 위해서 분말 베드를 수직으로 그리고 점증적으로 이동시키기 위한 분말 베드 지지 시스템;
분말 베드를 형성하기 위해서 분말 층의 각각을 전달하기 위한 분말 전달 시스템;
광을 생성하기 위한 광원의 어레이;
광원에 각각 커플링된 광섬유의 어레이;
광섬유의 출력 단부를 포함하는 다중 빔 광학 헤드; 및
분말 베드에 전달된 각각의 분말 층 내에서 3-차원적인 구조물의 구축 층을 형성하기 위해서 협력하는, 광원의 어레이, 분말 베드 지지 시스템, 및 분말 전달 시스템을 제어하기 위한 제어 시스템으로서, 제어 시스템은, 광이 광섬유의 출력 단부로부터 방출되고 각각의 분말 층의 상응하는 영역에 지향되어 이격된 빔 스폿을 포함하는 분산형 노출 패턴을 가지는 다중 빔 분산형 노출을 실시하도록, 광원의 어레이 내의 선택된 광원으로부터 광을 생성하기 위해서 광원의 각각을 선택적으로 제어하도록 구성되고, 광원의 파워 및 지속시간은, 빔 스폿이 분말 층의 상응하는 영역 내에서 분말 재료를 용융시켜, 3-차원적인 구조물의 복셀을 형성하는 이격된 융합 영역들 내에서 분말 재료가 융합되게 하도록, 제어되는, 제어 시스템을 포함하고,
다중 빔 분산형 노출의 각각 내의 빔 스폿들은 다중 빔 분산형 노출의 각각에 의해서 형성된 융합 영역들을 분리할 정도로 충분한 불연속적 어레이로 이격되며,
분말 층의 복수의 불연속적인 구획을 상기 빔 스폿들이 동시에 덮도록 하는 스캔 패턴으로 다중 빔 광학 헤드를 스캐닝하는 다중 빔 적층 제조 시스템. - 제30항에 있어서,
분말 층에 걸쳐 광의 빔을 스캐닝하기 위해서 분말 베드 지지 시스템 상의 분말 층에 대해서 광학 헤드를 이동시키기 위한 광학 헤드 이동 스테이지를 더 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 시스템. - 제30항에 있어서,
분말 층에 걸쳐 광의 빔을 스캐닝하기 위해서 광학 헤드에 광학적으로 커플링된 다면 스캐너를 더 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 시스템. - 제30항에 있어서,
분말 층에 걸쳐 광의 빔을 스캐닝하기 위해서 광학 헤드에 광학적으로 커플링된 갈보 스캐너를 더 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 시스템. - 제30항에 있어서,
광섬유의 출력 단부가 2-차원적인 어레이로 배열되는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 시스템. - 제30항에 있어서,
제어 시스템은 광원의 어레이 내의 선택된 광원의 파워 및 노출 시간을 제어하도록 구성되는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 시스템. - 제30항에 있어서,
제어 시스템은 분말 층으로부터 3-차원적인 구조물의 각각의 구축 층을 형성하기 위한 명령을 규정하는 구축 명령 파일에 응답하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 시스템. - 제36항에 있어서,
구축 명령 파일은, 적어도, 광학 헤드의 위치를 규정하는 광학 헤드 배치 데이터 및 선택된 광원 및 선택된 광원에 대한 파워 및 노출 시간을 식별하는 광원 데이터를 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 시스템. - 제30항에 있어서,
각각의 광원이 다이오드 레이저인, 다중 빔 적층 제조 시스템. - 제30항에 있어서,
광학 헤드가 분말 전달 시스템에 커플링되는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 시스템. - 제30항에 있어서,
산소를 제거하기 위한 진공 시스템 및 불활성 가스를 공급하기 위한 가스 공급부를 포함하는 프로세싱 챔버를 더 포함하는, 다중 빔 적층 제조 시스템.
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| CN107708969A (zh) | 2018-02-16 |
| KR20180017080A (ko) | 2018-02-20 |
| WO2016201326A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
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| US10399183B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 |
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| US20170021455A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
| CN107708969B (zh) | 2020-07-28 |
| EP3307525A4 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
| JP2018524178A (ja) | 2018-08-30 |
| WO2016201309A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
| JP2021152215A (ja) | 2021-09-30 |
| CN107635749A (zh) | 2018-01-26 |
| EP3307526A4 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
| JP2018518601A (ja) | 2018-07-12 |
| EP3307526B1 (en) | 2021-11-17 |
| EP3307526A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
| US20170021454A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
| EP3307525A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
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