KR102453315B1 - Fuel cell generation system and vessel including the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention includes a hydrogen production unit 100 for producing hydrogen by decomposing gaseous ammonia, and a hydrogen fuel cell unit 200 for producing electric power using the hydrogen produced in the hydrogen production unit 100, The production unit 100 is an ammonia reformer 110 for thermally decomposing gaseous ammonia, and an ammonia separator 120 for separating undecomposed ammonia from a mixed gas containing undecomposed ammonia, hydrogen and nitrogen discharged from the ammonia reformer 110. Including, the ammonia separator 120 is an ammonia water generator 121 that generates ammonia water by dissolving undecomposed ammonia, an ammonia separation membrane 122 that separates undecomposed ammonia from ammonia water, and an ammonia separation membrane 122 to provide negative pressure Disclosed is a fuel cell power generation system that can effectively remove undecomposed ammonia in an ammonia decomposition process for producing pure hydrogen, including a vacuum pump 125 for maintaining a partial pressure difference between both ends of the ammonia separation membrane 122 .

Description

Fuel cell power generation system and ships equipped with the system

The present invention relates to a fuel cell power generation system and a ship equipped with the system, and more particularly, to a fuel cell power generation system using hydrogen separated from ammonia and a ship equipped with the system.

Ammonia easily liquefies at 20°C and 0.857 MPa, and liquid ammonia has a very high weight hydrogen density of 178% by weight and a volumetric hydrogen density of 15 to 25 times that of liquid hydrogen, attracting attention as a very excellent hydrogen carrier, When hydrogen is separated by reforming ammonia, ammonia is a carbon-neutral fuel and does not generate carbon dioxide.

Meanwhile, in recent years, the development of a fuel cell power generation system has been actively conducted in order to solve the problems associated with the use of fossil fuels.

The fuel cell power generation system reforms LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG), LPG (liquefied petroleum gas, LPG), methanol (CH ₃ OH), ethanol (C ₂ H ₅ OH), gasoline, etc. It is a power generation system that directly converts the chemical reaction energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. A reduction reaction of oxygen, which is an oxidizing agent, occurs in the anode part of the fuel cell, and an oxidation reaction of hydrogen, a fuel, occurs in the anode part, and electricity, heat, water, etc. are generated through these electrochemical reactions.

On the other hand, when a hydrogen fuel cell using ammonia is applied as a fuel cell power generation system, an ammonia reformer (NH ₃ Reformer) must be provided. In this case, the mixed gas generated from the ammonia reformer may include undecomposed ammonia, which not only causes deterioration of the fuel cell, but may also cause cracks in the anode, which is the anode, and decrease in lifespan.

In this case, an ammonia adsorber may be used to separate undecomposed ammonia to protect the fuel cell, and the ammonia adsorber may be regenerated by desorbing the ammonia pre-adsorbed to the ammonia adsorber in the previous process.

For example, when the ammonia adsorber is a thermal swing adsorption (TSA), heat may be applied to the ammonia adsorber to regenerate the ammonia adsorber.

However, in order to regenerate the ammonia adsorber, which is a heating alternating adsorber, a separate equipment capable of providing a heat source must be installed, resulting in an increase in cost.

Korean Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-2021-0007791 (Fuel cell system and offshore structure including the same, 2021.01.20.)

The technical problem to be achieved by the spirit of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell power generation system capable of effectively removing undecomposed ammonia at low cost to prevent deterioration of the fuel cell, and a ship equipped with the system.

A fuel cell power generation system according to the present invention includes a hydrogen production unit 100 for decomposing gaseous ammonia to produce hydrogen; and a hydrogen fuel cell unit 200 for generating electric power using the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production unit 100, wherein the hydrogen production unit 100 is an ammonia reformer 110 for thermally decomposing the gaseous ammonia. and an ammonia separator 120 for separating the undecomposed ammonia from the mixed gas containing undecomposed ammonia, hydrogen and nitrogen discharged from the ammonia reformer 110, wherein the ammonia separator 120 is Both ends of the ammonia separation membrane 122 by providing negative pressure to the ammonia water generator 121 for dissolving ammonia to generate ammonia water, an ammonia separation membrane 122 for separating the undecomposed ammonia from the ammonia water, and the ammonia separation membrane 122 and a vacuum pump 125 that maintains a difference in partial pressure of .

In addition, the ammonia separator 120 may further include a heat exchanger 123 for heating the ammonia water.

In addition, the ammonia water generator 121 may include a water scrubber 21 for generating the ammonia water by collecting undecomposed ammonia in the mixed gas with sprayed water.

At this time, the water scrubber 21 includes a water chamber 21a to which the mixed gas discharged from the ammonia reformer 110 is supplied, and an injector installed in the water chamber 21a to spray water ( 21b) may be included.

In addition, the ammonia water generator 121 may include a water pit 22 for dissolving undecomposed ammonia in the mixed gas in the water inside the water tank 22a to generate the ammonia water.

In this case, the water pit 22 may include the water tank 22a filled with water, and a sealing member 22b sealing the water tank 22a.

In addition, the hydrogen production unit 100 may further include a nitrogen adsorber 140 for adsorbing the nitrogen from the hydrogen and the nitrogen discharged from the ammonia separator 120 .

In addition, the hydrogen fuel cell unit 200 is a fuel cell unit 210 that generates electric power using the hydrogen discharged from the nitrogen adsorber 140 as a fuel, and pressurizes air to supply it to the fuel cell unit 210 . a compressor 220, and a blowing means 230 for separating unreacted hydrogen from the fuel cell unit 210 with the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell unit 210 after being separated from the nitrogen adsorber 140; can do.

In addition, the fuel cell unit 210 is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit, and the hydrogen fuel cell unit 200 is installed between the nitrogen adsorber 140 and the fuel cell unit 210 to provide the nitrogen adsorber 140 . ) may further include a humidifier 240 for humidifying the hydrogen discharged from.

Also, the humidifier 240 may be a bubbler type humidifier, an injection type humidifier, an adsorbent type humidifier, or a membrane humidifier.

In addition, the hydrogen production unit 100 includes an ammonia storage tank 160 for storing liquid ammonia, a vaporizer 150 for supplying the gaseous ammonia made by vaporizing the liquid ammonia to the ammonia reformer 110, and the fuel Further comprising a combustor 180 for generating a second exhaust gas (EG2) by burning the first exhaust gas (EG1) generated from the battery unit (210) and the hydrogen unseparated gas discharged from the nitrogen adsorber (140) , the second exhaust gas EG2 may be sequentially supplied to the ammonia reformer 110 and the vaporizer 150 to exchange heat.

Also, the second exhaust gas EG2 passing through the vaporizer 150 may exchange heat with the ammonia water in the heat exchanger 123 .

In addition, the ammonia separated and extracted from the ammonia separation membrane 122 may be supplied to the combustor 180 and combusted.

In addition, the ammonia separator 120 may further include a circulation pump 124 for supplying the water separated from the undecomposed ammonia in the ammonia separation membrane 122 to the ammonia water generator 121 .

Meanwhile, a ship according to another embodiment of the present invention may include the fuel cell power generation system described above.

At this time, the ship may be an ammonia carrier or an ammonia fuel propulsion ship.

The fuel cell power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention is environmentally friendly because it produces hydrogen by decomposing ammonia, which does not emit carbon dioxide, and uses the produced hydrogen to produce electricity.

In addition, since it is possible to produce ammonia water by dissolving undecomposed ammonia in the mixed gas using an ammonia separator and extract undecomposed ammonia from the generated ammonia water, a separate heat source providing equipment is required compared to the conventional TSA-type ammonia separator It is economical, and the size of equipment can be minimized, and deterioration of the fuel cell can be prevented.

In addition, by providing a negative pressure to the ammonia separation membrane by a vacuum pump to maintain a difference in partial pressure between both ends, ammonia can be smoothly separated and extracted without stagnation.

In addition, since the high-temperature second exhaust gas generated from the combustor can be utilized as a heat source of the heat exchanger of the ammonia reformer, the vaporizer, and the ammonia separator, it is economical by reducing overall energy consumption.

In addition, since the exhaust gas of the fuel cell power generation system passes through an ammonia reformer, a vaporizer, and a heat exchanger, it is cooled to 100° C. or less and discharged to the outside as a medium temperature exhaust gas, so that safety can be secured.

In addition, when the fuel cell unit is composed of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit suitable for applications such as ships or vehicles, pure hydrogen adsorbed with nitrogen from the nitrogen adsorber is humidified and supplied to the polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit, so that the performance of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit is Energy efficiency can be improved by preventing degradation.

1 is a detailed view of a fuel cell power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a diagram specifically illustrating a case where the ammonia generator of the fuel cell power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention is a water scrubber.
3 is a diagram specifically illustrating a case where the ammonia generator of the fuel cell power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention is a water pit.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail so that those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains can easily implement them. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

1 is a detailed view of a fuel cell power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1, the fuel cell power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention is a hydrogen production unit 100 that produces hydrogen by decomposing liquid ammonia (L-NH ₃ ) in a liquid state, and a hydrogen production unit Including the hydrogen fuel cell unit 200 that produces electric power using the hydrogen produced in 100, decomposing ammonia that does not emit carbon dioxide to produce hydrogen, and using the produced hydrogen to produce electric power, An object of the present invention is to provide an eco-friendly fuel cell power generation system.

The hydrogen production unit 100 is a vaporizer 150, an ammonia reformer (NH ₃ Cracker) 110, an ammonia separator 120, a nitrogen adsorber 140, a combustor (Combustor) 180, and an ammonia storage tank (160).

The vaporizer 150 may vaporize liquid ammonia (L-NH ₃ ) to make gaseous ammonia (G-NH ₃ ) in a gaseous state. In this case, the vaporizer 150 may utilize the high-temperature second exhaust gas EG2 discharged from the combustor 180 as a heat source, which will be described later.

The vaporizer 150 may be a shell and tube type heat exchanger. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto, and heat exchangers having various structures are possible.

The ammonia reformer 110 may be reformed by thermal decomposition of gaseous ammonia (G-NH ₃ ) generated in the vaporizer 150 . That is, the ammonia reformer 110 may decompose gaseous ammonia (G-NH3) that has passed through the vaporizer 150 into hydrogen (H ₂ ) and nitrogen (N ₂ ) through a cracking reformer. At this time, non-decomposed undecomposed ammonia (NH ₃ ) may be generated. In addition, the ammonia reformer 110 may utilize the high-temperature second exhaust gas EG2 discharged from the combustor 180 as a heat source, as will be described later.

In addition, the ammonia reformer 110 may include an ammonia decomposition catalyst to perform ammonia reforming at a lower temperature. The ammonia decomposition catalyst is not particularly limited as long as it has catalytic activity in the ammonia decomposition reaction, but for example, a catalyst including a non-metal-based transition metal, a rare-earth material, and a noble metal-based material as a composition may be mentioned. It can be used by being supported on a carrier having a high specific surface area.

Specifically, the low-temperature catalytic ammonia reformer (decomposer) is an ammonia reformer capable of decomposing ammonia at a low temperature, for example, about 400 to 600 ° C., Group 8 metal elements on the periodic table, Group 1B metal elements, etc. may be included as a decomposition catalyst. The decomposition catalyst is not limited to the above elements, and is copper oxide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, palladium or platinum. Alternatively, it may be a decomposition catalyst in which chromium, copper or cobalt is supported on zeolite.

By using the ammonia reformer 110 of the low-temperature catalyst type ammonia reformer, it is possible to minimize the amount of heat used for reforming ammonia.

The ammonia separator 120 may separate undecomposed ammonia (NH ₃ ) from the mixed gas including undecomposed ammonia, hydrogen and nitrogen discharged from the ammonia reformer 110 .

The ammonia separator 120 may include an ammonia water generator 121 , an ammonia separation membrane 122 , a heat exchanger 123 , a circulation pump 124 , and a vacuum pump 125 .

The ammonia water generator 121 may generate ammonia water by dissolving undecomposed ammonia. Ammonia is soluble in water.

The ammonia water generator 121 may be a water scrubber 21 (see FIG. 2) or a water pit 22 (see FIG. 3) according to a method of generating ammonia water.

2 is a diagram specifically illustrating a case where the ammonia generator of the fuel cell power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention is a water scrubber, and FIG. 3 is a view showing the ammonia generator of the fuel cell power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a diagram specifically showing the case of a water pit.

As shown in FIG. 2 , when the ammonia water generator 121 is a water scrubber 21 , the water scrubber 21 is supplied with a mixed gas (NH ₃ /H ₂ /N ₂ ) discharged from the ammonia reformer 110 . It may include a water chamber (21a), and the water chamber (21a) is installed in the injector (21b) to spray (spray) water.

The water scrubber 21 cools and collects undecomposed ammonia in the mixed gas supplied into the water chamber 21a by spraying water using the injector 21b to generate ammonia water (NH ₄ OH). . In this case, a pressure safety valve (PSV) may be installed on the path of the mixed gas supplied from the ammonia reformer 110 to the water scrubber 21 . A safety valve (PSV) is a valve that automatically operates a spring when the pressure at the valve inlet reaches a set pressure, and the fluid is ejected and is restored to a normal state when the pressure falls below a certain level.

As shown in FIG. 3 , when the ammonia water generator 121 is a water pit 22, the water pit 22 includes a water tank 22a filled with water, and a sealing member for sealing the water tank 22a ( 22b).

The water pit 22 may generate ammonia water by cooling and dissolving undecomposed ammonia in the mixed gas in the water inside the water tank 22a. At this time, by sealing the water tank 22a using the sealing member 22b, undecomposed ammonia can be pressurized, and undecomposed ammonia can be easily dissolved in water. In addition, a safety valve (PSV) may be installed on the path of the mixed gas supplied from the ammonia reformer 110 to the water pit 22 .

Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 1 , the heat exchanger 123 may heat the ammonia water supplied from the ammonia water generator 121 . That is, the ammonia water may be heated to 100 degrees or less by heat exchange with the second exhaust gas EG2 that has passed through the vaporizer 150 . Accordingly, separation of ammonia from the ammonia separation membrane 122 may be promoted.

As such, the second exhaust gas EG2 sequentially passes through the ammonia reformer 110 , the vaporizer 150 , and the heat exchanger 123 , and is cooled to 100° C. or less and discharged to the outside as an exhaust gas of medium temperature. will secure

The ammonia separation membrane 122 may separate ammonia from aqueous ammonia. At this time, by providing a negative pressure to the ammonia separation membrane 122 through the vacuum pump 125 to maintain a difference in partial pressure or concentration at both ends of the ammonia separation membrane 122, pure ammonia can be extracted.

That is, a negative pressure is supplied by the vacuum pump 125 at the discharge end of the ammonia separation membrane 122 to generate a partial pressure difference or a concentration difference, so that ammonia does not stagnate, so that the separation and extraction of ammonia can be performed smoothly. .

Through this, by maintaining the difference in partial pressures at both ends of the ammonia separation membrane 122 , ammonia can be easily separated from the ammonia separation membrane 122 .

At this time, the water from which ammonia is removed from the ammonia separation membrane 122 may be supplied to the ammonia water generator 121 again.

In addition, the ammonia separated from the ammonia separation membrane 122 may be supplied to the combustor 180 together with the hydrogen unseparated gas supplied from the nitrogen adsorber 140 to be combusted.

In addition, water separated from undecomposed ammonia in the ammonia separation membrane 122 by using the circulation pump 124 may be supplied to the ammonia water generator 121 . This water can again be used to dissolve the undigested ammonia.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1 , the nitrogen adsorber 140 connected to the ammonia water generator 121 of the ammonia separator 120 may adsorb nitrogen from the gaseous nitrogen and hydrogen discharged from the ammonia water generator 121 . have. The nitrogen adsorber 140 may be a pressure swing adsorption or a pressure swing adsorption (PSA). The pressure alternating adsorber adsorbs impurities and, when saturated, reduces the pressure to regenerate the adsorber. The hydrogen unseparated gas including some unseparated hydrogen and nitrogen discharged from the nitrogen adsorber 140 may be supplied to the combustor 180 .

The combustor 180 burns the high-temperature first exhaust gas EG1 discharged from the hydrogen fuel cell unit 200 to generate a second exhaust gas EG2 containing high-temperature combustion products such as oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor. can create This high-temperature second exhaust gas EG2 is supplied to the ammonia reformer 110 to supply thermal energy to the ammonia reformer 110 through heat exchange, and is again supplied to the vaporizer 150 to vaporize liquid ammonia into gaseous ammonia through heat exchange. , may be supplied to the heat exchanger 123 to heat the ammonia water supplied from the ammonia water generator 121 .

The combustor 180 is not particularly limited as long as it can combust hydrogen, and for example, may be a combustion reaction device including a combustion catalyst therein, or a direct combustion device.

The ammonia storage tank 160 stores liquid ammonia (L-NH3) in a liquid state, and may supply liquid ammonia in a liquid state to the vaporizer 150 .

Here, the ammonia storage tank 160 is a tank capable of storing liquid ammonia in a liquid state, and may be a membranous tank or an independent tank. In the case of an independent tank, IMO type A, IMO type B, or IMO type C storage It could be a tank. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto, and storage tanks having various structures are possible.

When the fuel cell power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention is installed on a ship, the ammonia storage tank 160 is a cargo hold provided in an ammonia carrier, that is, a storage tank for storing ammonia for transport, or in an ammonia fuel propulsion ship. It may be a fuel storage tank for storing ammonia for fuel.

In addition, although not shown, a supply pump for supplying ammonia in a liquid state may be installed inside the ammonia storage tank 160 . The feed pump may be a submerged pump or a deep well pump installed in liquid ammonia.

Meanwhile, the hydrogen fuel cell unit 200 may include a fuel cell unit 210 , a compressor 220 , and a blowing means 230 .

The fuel cell unit 210 is a fuel cell using hydrogen as a fuel and is not particularly limited in shape, but for example, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) which is a high-temperature fuel cell or a high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell. (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell; PEMFC). A fuel cell refers to an energy conversion cell that directly converts chemical energy of fuel gas into electrical energy. The fuel cell unit 210 may receive hydrogen separated from the nitrogen adsorber 140 to generate power.

The fuel cell unit 210 connects the anode and the cathode so that the anode part where the oxidation reaction of hydrogen occurs, the cathode part where the reduction reaction of oxygen occurs, and electrons generated by the oxidation reaction of hydrogen in the anode part move to the cathode part. It may include a conductor. High-purity hydrogen produced in the hydrogen production unit may be supplied to the anode unit as fuel, and air containing oxygen may be supplied to the cathode unit.

At this time, the space between the anode and the cathode is filled with an electrolyte, and hydrogen cations generated by the oxidation reaction of hydrogen in the anode move to the cathode through the electrolyte. In this case, an oxidation catalyst that promotes the oxidation of hydrogen may be additionally used.

On the other hand, the high-temperature first exhaust gas EG1 is generated by the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell unit 210 , and the high-temperature first exhaust gas EG1 is supplied to the combustor 180 to produce the combustor 180 . ) can provide thermal energy.

The shape of the fuel cell unit 210 is not limited to the above-described example, and various materials used in the fuel cell unit 210, for example, materials constituting the positive and negative electrodes, electrolytes and catalysts, etc. It is not particularly limited. The electric power produced by the fuel cell unit 210 may be supplied to various demanding parties, for example, may be utilized for electric power such as a compressor 220 to be described later. In addition, when the fuel cell power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided in a ship, it may be supplied to various necessary power demanders of the ship.

The compressor 220 may pressurize air and supply it to the fuel cell unit 210 . Accordingly, since the reduction reaction of oxygen in the cathode part of the fuel cell part 210 is smoothly performed, the power production efficiency in the fuel cell part 210 may be increased.

The blowing means 230 may be connected to the fuel cell unit 210 . The blowing means 230 may re-inject some unreacted hydrogen in the fuel cell unit 210 and some water vapor resulting from the electrochemical reaction into the fuel cell unit 210 . At this time, some unreacted hydrogen and water vapor may be separated from the nitrogen adsorber 140 and may be combined with hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell unit 210 . This blowing means 230 may be a blower.

As described above, in the fuel cell power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, undecomposed ammonia is dissolved in the mixed gas using an ammonia separator to generate ammonia water and undecomposed ammonia can be extracted from the generated ammonia water, so the conventional TSA Compared to the ammonia separator, it is economical, and the size of the equipment can be minimized, and the deterioration of the fuel cell can be prevented because a separate heat source providing equipment is not required.

On the other hand, the fuel cell power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention may be installed in a ship, wherein the ship may be an ammonia carrier or an ammonia fuel propulsion ship.

Meanwhile, in the above embodiment, hydrogen supplied from the nitrogen adsorber 140 is directly supplied to the fuel cell unit 210 , but hydrogen supplied from the nitrogen adsorber 140 is humidified and supplied to the fuel cell unit 210 . Examples are also possible.

For example, the hydrogen fuel cell unit 200 may include a humidifier 240 between the nitrogen adsorber 140 and the fuel cell unit 210 .

In this case, the fuel cell unit 210 may be a polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell or Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, PEMFC). The polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit uses a polymer membrane that transports hydrogen cations as an electrolyte. In order to maintain ion conductivity, the polymer electrolyte membrane must contain appropriate moisture.

Accordingly, the hydrogen supplied to the polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit needs to be provided with a humidifier 240 for humidification, and this humidifier 240 may be provided between the nitrogen adsorber 140 and the fuel cell unit 210 .

In other words, pure hydrogen to which nitrogen has been adsorbed in the nitrogen adsorber 140 is humidified by the humidifier 240, and the humidified pure hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell unit 210, which is the polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit, to increase the ion conductivity of the electrolyte membrane. In addition to maintenance, it is possible to increase energy efficiency by preventing deterioration of the performance of the fuel cell unit 210 .

For reference, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell uses a solid polymer membrane as an electrolyte, so there is no electrolyte leakage, operates at a relatively low temperature compared to other types, and has the advantages of simple maintenance and repair. It is evaluated to be suitable as a fuel cell power generation system for application.

Meanwhile, the humidifier 240 may be any one selected from a bubbler type humidifier, an injection type humidifier, an adsorbent type humidifier, and a membrane humidifier.

In addition, a flow rate control valve 241 capable of adjusting the flow rate of pure hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell unit 210 may be further provided at the front end of the humidifier 240 .

Therefore, by the configuration of the fuel cell power generation system and the ship equipped with the system as described above, undecomposed ammonia is dissolved in the ammonia decomposition process and then vaporized, and pure ammonia is separated and extracted by artificially providing negative pressure to the ammonia separation membrane and supplying the extracted ammonia to the combustor to supply a heat source necessary for vaporizing ammonia, it is possible to implement a process for effectively removing undecomposed ammonia.

In the above, the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications or other embodiments within the scope equivalent to the present invention are possible by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Accordingly, the true scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the following claims.

100: hydrogen production unit 110: ammonia reformer
120: ammonia separator 121: ammonia water generator
122: ammonia membrane 123: heat exchanger
124: circulation pump 125: vacuum pump
140: nitrogen adsorber 150: vaporizer
160: ammonia storage tank 180: combustor
200: hydrogen fuel cell unit 210: fuel cell unit
220: compressor 230: blowing means
240: humidifier 241: flow control valve

Claims (16)

a hydrogen production unit 100 for decomposing gaseous ammonia to produce hydrogen; and
A hydrogen fuel cell unit 200 for generating electric power using the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production unit 100; includes;
The hydrogen production unit 100 is
An ammonia reformer 110 for thermally decomposing the gaseous ammonia, and
and an ammonia separator 120 for separating the undecomposed ammonia from the mixed gas containing undecomposed ammonia, hydrogen and nitrogen discharged from the ammonia reformer 110,
The ammonia separator 120 is
An ammonia water generator 121 for dissolving the undecomposed ammonia to produce ammonia water;
An ammonia separation membrane 122 for separating the undecomposed ammonia from the ammonia water, and
A vacuum pump 125 for maintaining a partial pressure difference between both ends of the ammonia separation membrane 122 by providing a negative pressure to the ammonia separation membrane 122,
fuel cell power generation system. The method of claim 1,
The ammonia separator 120 is
Further comprising a heat exchanger (123) for heating the ammonia water, fuel cell power generation system. 3. The method of claim 2,
The ammonia water generator 121 includes a water scrubber 21 for generating the ammonia water by collecting undecomposed ammonia in the mixed gas with sprayed water, a fuel cell power generation system. 4. The method of claim 3,
The water scrubber 21,
A water chamber 21a to which the mixed gas discharged from the ammonia reformer 110 is supplied, and
and an injector (21b) installed in the water chamber (21a) and spraying water. 3. The method of claim 2,
The ammonia water generator 121 includes a water pit 22 for dissolving undecomposed ammonia in the mixed gas in the water inside the water tank 22a to generate the ammonia water. 6. The method of claim 5,
The water pit 22,
the water tank 22a filled with water, and
and a sealing member (22b) sealing the water tank (22a). 3. The method of claim 2,
The hydrogen production unit 100 is
Further comprising a nitrogen adsorber (140) for adsorbing the nitrogen from the hydrogen and the nitrogen discharged from the ammonia separator (120), fuel cell power generation system. 8. The method of claim 7,
The hydrogen fuel cell unit 200 is
A fuel cell unit 210 for generating electric power using the hydrogen discharged from the nitrogen adsorber 140 as a fuel;
A compressor 220 that pressurizes air and supplies it to the fuel cell unit 210, and
and a blowing means (230) for separating unreacted hydrogen from the fuel cell unit (210) with the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell unit (210) after being separated from the nitrogen adsorber (140). . 9. The method of claim 8,
The fuel cell unit 210 is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell unit,
The hydrogen fuel cell unit 200 is
and a humidifier (240) installed between the nitrogen adsorber (140) and the fuel cell unit (210) to humidify the hydrogen discharged from the nitrogen adsorber (140). 10. The method of claim 9,
The humidifier 240 is a bubbler type humidifier, an injection type humidifier, an adsorbent type humidifier, or a membrane humidifier, a fuel cell power generation system. 9. The method of claim 8,
The hydrogen production unit 100 is
ammonia storage tank 160 for storing liquid ammonia;
A vaporizer 150 for supplying the gaseous ammonia made by vaporizing the liquid ammonia to the ammonia reformer 110, and
A combustor 180 for generating a second exhaust gas EG2 by burning the first exhaust gas EG1 generated from the fuel cell unit 210 and the hydrogen unseparated gas discharged from the nitrogen adsorber 140 is further added. including,
The second exhaust gas EG2 is sequentially supplied to the ammonia reformer 110 and the vaporizer 150 to exchange heat. 12. The method of claim 11,
The second exhaust gas (EG2) passing through the vaporizer (150) exchanges heat with the ammonia water in the heat exchanger (123). 13. The method of claim 12,
The ammonia separated and extracted from the ammonia separation membrane 122 is supplied to the combustor 180 and combusted. 14. The method of claim 13,
The ammonia separator 120 is
The fuel cell power generation system further comprising a circulation pump (124) for supplying the water separated from the undecomposed ammonia in the ammonia separation membrane (122) to the ammonia water generator (121). A ship equipped with the fuel cell power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 14. 16. The method of claim 15,
The vessel is an ammonia carrier or an ammonia fuel propulsion vessel.

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