KR20000047947A - Modular and distributed architecture for a base station transceiver subsystem - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a base station having a module and a distributed structure in a code division multiple access communication system.

The present invention has a module and distributed architecture, comprising a wireless transceiver device coupled to a first antenna and positioned in a support structure proximate the first antenna, and at least two separate devices, the main device communicating with a base station controller. In the base station, the radio transceiver includes a transceiver circuit and an antenna interface circuit connected to the transceiver circuit.

Description

MODULAR AND DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE FOR A BASE STATION TRANSCEIVER SUBSYSTEM}

The present invention is a continuing application to US Application No. 09 / 149,168, filed September 8, 1998, in the United States.

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a base station having a module and a distributed structure in a code division multiple access communication system.

1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a structure of a general wireless communication system.

As shown in FIG. 1, the wireless communication system includes a mobile station (MS) 10 and a base station system 20 to perform wireless communication. Here, the reverse link 30 shows the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the mobile station 10 to the base station 20, and the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the base station 20 to the mobile station 10 is shown. One forward link 40.

2 illustrates a general cell lattice and cell site structure.

In a wireless communication system using a cellular scheme, the service area 49 includes a number of small service areas 50, service areas 52, service areas 54, service areas, called " cells. &Quot; 56 are topographically divided into each. Each of the cells 50, 52, 54, and 56 has cell sites 58, 60, 62, 64, each of which is equipped with a wireless device known as a base station transceiver subsystem (BTS). ) Exists.

In this case, the cell is generally formed in a special area in order to streamline differentiated service areas with various cell arrangements such as macro cell, micro cell, and pico cell. The macro cell provides the widest coverage area, and the micro cell provides the narrowest coverage area.

When picocells generally provide telephony services within a building, and when they provide telephony services in certain areas, such as campuses, playgrounds, airports, shopping malls, special events or disasters due to natural disasters Therefore, when providing a call service, providing a call service in an area where remote control is not possible, supplementing a call service of a minicell with a macro or tunnel, and improving call quality in an area where call quality is poor. Used.

3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a connection relationship between a public switched telephone network (PSTN) and a base station transceiver subsystem (BTS) according to the prior art.

As shown in FIG. 3 above, base station 66 provides a wireless link to mobile station 10, i. Each base station 66 has two or more antennas 67, which are omni-directional or directional antennas. The omni-directional antenna While providing full coverage, the directional antenna Provides coverage of much smaller sectors.

For example, the directional structure may be a structure composed of two sectors or three sectors, and each of the sectors may have a reception range when the two sector structures are included. In the case of having the three sector structures, each sector is a reception range. To provide. In this case, each sector requires at least two antennas for diversity reception for proper transmission and reception.

Continuing with the detailed description of FIG. 3, each base station 66 is connected to a base station controller (BSC) 70. Here, the base station controller 70 is connected to a plurality of base stations 66 and performs its function. Likewise, each base station controller 70 is connected to a mobile switching center (MSC) 72, which in turn is connected to a public switched network 68.

4 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of a base station according to the prior art.

As shown in FIG. 4, the base station 66 according to the prior art includes an RF front-end 74, a plurality of transceivers 76, and a plurality of modems for each sector of the service area. It consists of four functional blocks, such as a processor (Modem Processor) 78, and a controller (80). The controller 80 interfaces with the base station controller 70 via a T1 or E1 dedicated line, and the RF pre-module 74 is generally at the top or pole of the tower, as shown in FIG. It is connected to the antenna installed in).

5 is a diagram illustrating a connection relationship between an antenna installed on the top of a tower according to the related art and a ground base station.

In a typical wireless system, the four critical functional blocks of the base station 66 shown in FIG. 4 are mounted in a cabinet or housing closest to the strut (or tower) 82 on the ground. The long coaxial cable 84 is connected to the base station 66 at the top of the support 82 on which the antenna 67 is installed. The coaxial cable 84 length is generally in accordance with the installation plan Various choices are installed in the feet. remind The cable length in the feet range is the proper length to prevent power loss.

Thus, coaxial cables having a diameter of about 3/4 to 3/2 inches are used to minimize power loss due to the coaxial cable, which is about 2 to 4 dB. This minimization of power loss is very important because the power loss of the coaxial cable degrades the receiver's receive sensitivity and reduces the transmit power.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a base station structure when a low noise amplifier / power amplifier structure according to the prior art is loaded on top of a tower.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the case of installing an RF pre-module composed of a low noise amplifier (LNA) and a power amplifier (PA) 74 (LNA / PA 74) at the top of a tower The cable power loss of is not as critical as described above in the base station and antenna connection structure described with reference to FIG.

However, since the signal transmitted / received between the low noise amplifier / power amplifier 74 and the transceiver 76 in the base station 66 is a high-frequency / radio signal, this cable is also large in diameter. It is necessary to use. And other problems such as power loss, system noise, mechanical clutter, etc., are associated with the RF signal transmitted between the low noise amplifier / power amplifier 74 and the base station 66.

In addition, changing cable lengths requires additional complex circuitry at the RF preamble and the transceiver to automatically compensate for the wide range of cable power losses incurred by different installation schemes. These problems are exacerbated as the operating RF frequency is assigned in the higher high frequency band. These problems are present in personal communication systems such as CPCS that use high frequencies.

That is, as the length of the cable 84 increases, or as the frequency transmitted through the cable 84 becomes a high frequency, the power loss of the signal transmitted between the low noise amplifier / power amplifier 74 and the base station 66 increases. Will increase. Thus, the long cable 84 used in connection between the low noise amplifier / power amplifier 74 and the base station 66, wherein the cable 84 often exceeds 150 feet in length, even 300 Excess pit) causes excessive power loss.

For example, if there is 3dB power loss in the cable 84, the 100W power amplifier of the base station transceiver will be able to transmit only 50W power due to the cable power loss. This cable power loss reduces not only the reception performance, but also the receiver's ability to detect the received signal. In addition, in a personal communication system (PCS) using high frequency, power is transmitted on a cable 84 that performs signal transmission between the low noise amplifier / power amplifier 74 of the base station 66 and the transceiver 76. The losses will increase further.

As such, the RF cable power loss in both the transmit and receive paths degrades the transmission efficiency relative to the appropriate transmission efficiency and also reduces the reception sensitivity relative to the appropriate reception sensitivity, so that the high conductance required to minimize the power loss ( A relatively thick coaxial cable with conductance is used.

Noise generated through ground loops, magnetic coupling, and multi-tower devices can cause problems. In this case, there is generally one or more coaxial cables that transmit RF signals from the antenna 67 to the base station 66. The RF frequency associated with such a base station makes it difficult to duplicate the RF signal on the same coaxial cable, so that generally only one signal is transmitted on one coaxial cable.

Therefore, these RF signals cannot be transmitted multiplexed or duplexed, so a separate cable is required to transmit each signal, and a separate connector must be provided for each such cable. The RF signal shield of the coaxial cable 84 is grounded at both ends of the coaxial cable 84. The RF signal shield is grounded to a support of the base station 66 where one end of the coaxial cable 84 is grounded to ground 87, while the other end of the coaxial cable 84 is wired or cable 82 The low noise amplifier / power amplifier 74 is matched to one surface through the ground.

However, this forms a ground loop, which can generate noise on the signal path due to the common mode current including the phase, and also lead to magnetic coupling. In addition, the use of multiple tower tops is a source of noise, since each tower top produces noise.

In some cell sites that require more capacity, it may be necessary to transmit more than one RF carrier signal. Without special measures to couple multiple RF carriers in preference to RF coupling to the antenna, transmission of multiple RF signals per sector generally requires a corresponding transmit antenna per sector. One antenna set per sector may be shared for multiple RF carrier reception at the receiving side.

Conventional techniques for reducing the number of transmit antennas required for the multiple RF carrier transmissions are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

7 is a diagram illustrating a combiner structure according to a method of using multiple transceivers using a single antenna according to the prior art, and FIG. 8 is a coupler / combiner according to a method of using multiple transceivers using a single antenna according to the prior art. Figure shows a multi-carrier structure.

In FIG. 7, the carriers are coupled to a high power coupler. In FIG. 8, the carriers combine at low power and the combined signal is amplified with the multi-carrier.

Both designs shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 are not suitable for use in small base station systems. Thus, there is a need for a base station system that is capable of minimizing power loss from the base station to the antenna and capable of transmitting multiple RF carriers per sector / per antenna.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a base station having a distributed and modular structure that minimizes power loss between the base station and the antenna.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a base station having a distributed and modular structure capable of transmitting multiple carriers through one cable.

The present invention for achieving the above object is provided with a wireless transceiver device connected to the first antenna, located in a support structure proximate to the first antenna, and at least two separate devices of the main device communicating with the base station controller. In the base station having a module and distributed structure, the wireless transceiver is characterized in that it comprises a transceiver circuit and an antenna interface circuit connected to the transceiver circuit.

1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a general wireless communication system structure

2 illustrates a general cell grid and cell site structure

3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a connection relationship between a terrestrial general public switched network (PSTN) and a base station (BTS) according to the related art.

Figure 4 is a block diagram showing the internal configuration of a base station according to the prior art

5 is a diagram illustrating a connection relationship between an antenna installed on a top of a tower and a ground base station according to the related art.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a base station structure when a low noise amplifier / power amplifier structure according to the prior art is loaded on top of a tower; FIG.

7 is a diagram illustrating a coupler structure according to a method of using multiple transceivers using a single antenna according to the prior art.

8 illustrates a combiner / multi-carrier structure according to a method of using multiple transceivers using a single antenna according to the prior art.

9 shows a list of pico-base station abbreviations used in embodiments of the present invention.

10 is a diagram illustrating a base station connected to a support in which an antenna is installed according to an embodiment of the present invention.

11 illustrates a base station structure for an omnidirectional structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

12 is a block diagram illustrating a base station structure for a three sector structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

13 is a block diagram illustrating a base station structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

14 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the base station of FIG. 13 at a module level.

15 is a block / transceiver / RF premodule module block diagram having two antennas according to another embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION A detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. First of all, in adding reference numerals to the components of each drawing, it should be noted that the same reference numerals are used as much as possible even if displayed on different drawings. In addition, in the following description of the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known function or configuration may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, the terms to be described below are terms defined in consideration of functions in the present invention, which may vary according to the intention or custom of the user or chip designer, and the definitions should be made based on the contents throughout the present specification.

The present invention relates to a wireless unit (RU: Radio Unit) connected to and installed in a place where an antenna is installed, a main unit (MU) located at a distance from the wireless device, and connected to the wireless device, and the wireless device. It provides a base station having one or more antennas connected to it. A plurality of wireless devices may be connected to one main device, and each of the plurality of wireless devices may operate at the same frequency or at different frequencies.

In addition, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a power amplifier comprising (a) a main unit having a controller module and a channel element module for a baseband signal subjected to CDMA processing, (b) a transceiver module, and a power amplifier electrically coupled to the transceiver module and an antenna. And (c) a cable having a predetermined length for transmitting a low frequency signal, for example, a low frequency signal such as a baseband signal or an intermediate frequency signal, between the wireless device and the main device.

The transceiver module of the wireless device may be composed of a transmitter circuit, a receiver circuit, a synthesizer circuit, or a low-noise amplifier (LNA) electrically connected to the transceiver module. In addition, the antenna interface module may include a duplexer module or a power amplifier module and a receiver filter module.

Also. The base station includes (a) a main device having a channel element module providing an interface coupled to one of the wireless devices, and (b) a wireless device having a transceiver module and an antenna interface module.

The main device also includes a power system module (power supply and battery backup), a time and frequency module, and a temperature management module. The wireless device also includes a local controller module, a DC converter, and a regulator module. The transceiver module also includes a transmitter circuit and two receiver circuits for multiple reception. In addition, the wireless device may include an antenna interface module including a duplexer circuit including transmit and receive filter circuits coupled to the receive filter circuit and a cavity.

The present invention provides a base station comprising one main device and up to three wireless devices capable of being located remotely from the main device. The wireless device basically consists of one transceiver and an RF premodule. The transceiver in turn comprises an up-converter, a down-converter, a synthesizer, a low noise amplifier and a transmit amplifier. The wireless device includes an antenna interface unit including a duplexer, a receiver filter, and a power amplifier, and the main device includes up to four channel element cards, one interface card for the wireless device, a controller card, a time and a reference. Frequency cards, power system devices, and thermal management devices.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention to be described below will be described for the Pico base station structure (an abbreviation used in Pico-BTS known to those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs) is shown in FIG. Though. It should be noted that embodiments of the present invention are not only limited to Pico-base stations, but may also be implemented in all base station structures of the wireless communication system, namely macro or micro base stations.

10 is a diagram illustrating a base station connected to a support in which an antenna is installed according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 10, the base station includes two devices: a Pico-BTS Radio Unit (PRU) 110 and a Pico-BTS Main Unit (PMU). 105). The pico-base station is provided with a pico-base station main unit (“Main Unit System”, PMU or MU) 105 and antenna 120 located at the bottom of the support, tower or other support structure 115 as shown. A pico-base station wireless device ("Radio Unit System") that transmits and receives signals through at least one prop and communicates through the plurality of conductors 122 including coaxial cable with the pico-base station main unit 105. PRU or RU) 110.

11 is a diagram illustrating a base station structure for an omnidirectional structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The pico-base station wireless device 110 is connected to the pico-base station main device 105 and its lower end through a wire or cable 122. The separation distance between the pico-base station wireless device 110 and the pico-base station main device 105 may be from about 5 feet to more than 350 feet. (The current system typically has a separation distance of about 150 feet. This is because the pico-base station main unit 105 is installed at the bottom of the tower, pole or other support structure 115, so that the pico-base station radio unit 110 is in close proximity to the antenna 120. It is located at the top. In order to transmit and receive signals, the pico-base station wireless device 110 is connected to one antenna 120 as shown. It is usually connected to at least two antennas on top of the tower.

The wire or cable 122 may perform optical communication between the pico-base station main device 105 and the pico-base station wireless device 110. In such optical communication, since the optical signal generally has less power loss than a general electrical signal, for example, an electrical signal through a coaxial cable, the pico-base station main device 105 and the pico-base station wireless device 110 may be spaced apart and installed. This will increase the allowable distance.

12 is a block diagram illustrating a base station structure for a three sector structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

12, only the pico-station wireless device 110 is redundant in terms of hardware system. Thus, the pico-base station main device 105 may interface with one, two, three, or more pico-base station radios and the PRU 110.

13 is a block diagram illustrating a base station structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 13, the pico-base station main unit 110 is composed of a transceiver module 155 connected to an antenna interface assembly 160. The antenna interface module 160 is connected to the antenna 120.

The pico-base station wireless device 110 is connected to a channel element 130 and transmits and receives an interface of the pico-base station main device 105 (hereinafter, referred to as a "T / R interface module"). The pico-base station main unit 105 is connected via a cable set terminated at 135. In the channel element 130, code division multiple access (CDMA) signals are modulated and demodulated.

In addition, the pico-base station main unit 105 includes a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver 140 which provides an accurate clock and frequency signal to the main controller 125, and the channel element 130. And the T / R interface module 135 and the plurality of pico-base station radios. The pico-base station main unit 105 also includes a power system 145 and a temperature control subsystem 150.

14 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the base station of FIG. 13 at a module level.

As shown in FIG. 14, each pico-base station wireless device 110 includes two modules: a transceiver module 155 (XCVR) and an antenna interface module (AIF) 160. It must include. However, these modules can be combined with one or more modules.

The antenna interface module 160 includes a transmission power amplifier (PA) for amplifying the signal to a level required in a cell service area, and two low noise amplifiers for amplifying a received signal with maximum receiver sensitivity. (LNA: not shown), a duplexer module for transmitting and receiving signals with a single antenna, and a receiver filter (Rx Filter).

The transceiver module 155 includes a synthesizer circuitry, a transmitter circuitry, and two receiver circuitry. Here, it is common to refer to the transmitter and receiver circuit as a "transceiver".

The pico-base station wireless device 110 also includes a microprocessor and a nonvolatile memory (not shown) for storing calibration data, and also provides real-time temperature operating parameter compensation to the transceiver. Thus, the mobile station or the test mobile station does not require calculations, so that system calculations in the electric field are no longer needed.

Preferably, the pico-base station wireless device 110 stores the duplexer module and the receiver filter in one cavity, and generally three filters (two receive filters and one transmit filter) in one aluminum cavity. Combine. Combining conventional diversity receiving cavities and duplexer cavities frees up space to mount other circuitry within the wireless device, thereby reducing costs.

As described in FIG. 14, the duplexer module / receiver filter cavity of the pico-base station radio 110 removes the coaxial cable outer wall connector and allows the connector on the filter to be exposed directly through the surface of the radio. Is designed for. Such a structure requires smaller parts, while at the same time saving effective space and reducing costs.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 14, the pico-base station main unit 105 includes a pico-base station main controller card (PMCC) 125 and a pico-base station channel card (PCC). Pico-BTS Channel Card (130), Transmit and Receive Interface Card (TRIC) 135, Time and Frequency Card (TFC) 140, and AC And a power supply unit (PSA) 145 for converting to DC and supplying the DC power to the pico-base station main unit 105 and the pico-base station radio device 110. It should be noted that the temperature control subsystem 150 is not shown to simplify the figure.

The pico-base station master controller card 125 includes a communication controller module, also referred to as a packet engine, and an external interface module, which monitors all cards in the base station 100, and also the base station controller (Fig. The traffic and signal packets between the BSC shown in Fig. 3 and the pico-base station channel card 130 are routed.

Similarly, the transmit and receive interface card 135 provides an interface between the transceiver module 155 and the pico-base station channel card 130. The transmit and receive interface card 135 is connected to the pico-base station wireless device 110 via an internal connection cable 122.

Baseband analog signal and intermediate frequency (IF) in the frequency range of about 1 kHz to about 700 MHz via a cable 122 connecting the pico-base station wireless device 110 and the pico-base station main device 105 The signal is sent. Here, the intermediate frequency range is 239 MHz with a 1.26 MHz bandwidth and a signal strength between -50 dBm and -70 dBm. The advantage of this approach is that the modulated signal can be duplicated and transmitted over a standard, inexpensive RG-58 coaxial cable. The other signals transmitted between each module have 48V power and a 10MHz reference frequency. It is transmitted via the RS-422 control line.

Separating the pico-base station radio device 110 and the pico-base station main device 105 enables the pico-base station radio device 110 to be installed in close proximity to the antenna 120. Since the actual power loss in the antenna cable lowers the receiver sensitivity and reduces the transmission power at a 1: 1 ratio (dB / dB), the pico-base station wireless device 110 in close proximity to the antenna 120. Installing the maximizes the performance of the base station 100. The location of this pico-base station wireless device 110 also makes it possible to reduce power and signal loss over the cable, thus saving energy.

As a result, it is no longer necessary to bundle all the lead and coaxial cables in a single polymer sheath. A single multi-conductor / coaxial connector is used at both ends of the cable. As a result, the cable is generally designed as one item to facilitate installation and repair in the field. Thus, it is possible to keep the cable diameter below 0.75 inch (Inch) for easy installation in the field as well as in internal installations (which require a tuning connector).

The coaxial cable entering the pico-base station wireless device 110 is a transformer (transformer) connected to the transceiver, eliminating the possibility of ground loops (and corresponding ground noise). It is also possible for the pico-base station wireless device 110 to be installed more than 150 feet apart from the pico-base station main device 105. Besides. The pico-base station wireless device 110 is connected to a grounded support or other conductive structure so that system performance degradation due to noise coupling does not occur. At 24 or 48 V DC or AC voltages, power is split and sent to the top of the tower, eliminating power losses on the power lines and making the system more efficient.

The signals transmitted through the cable 122 between the pico-base station main unit 105 and the pico-base station radio 110 operate most efficiently in the range of about 1 KHz to 240 MHz, which is small and inexpensive. The use of cables leads to low signal attenuation.

15 is a block diagram of a transceiver / RF pre-module with two antennas in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 15, both of the two antennas (first antenna Ant-1 and second antenna Ant-2) are respectively connected to the duplexer module (DX) port of the pico-base station wireless device 110. . In single carrier RF operation, the first antenna transmits and receives one diversity signal Rx-0, and the other antenna, that is, the second antenna, will receive only the other diversity signal Rx-1. will be.

Dual carrier operation in an omni-directional or sector structure, wherein the two antennas transmit, i.e., the first antenna transmits frequency A from the first pico-base station radio (PRU-1) and the second antenna is the second pico- Transmit frequency B from base station radio (PRU-2). And at the same time. Both the first antenna and the second antenna each receive one diversity signal. One receive diversity signal is generated from a signal transmitted by the pico-base station radio, and the other receive diversity signal is pre-amplified to maintain maximum reception sensitivity and indirectly through the other pico-base station radio. It is generated from another antenna. Thus, this technique allows the addition of a second RF carrier for larger capacitive operation without adding an antenna.

Thus, the present invention as described above enables the implementation of a small wireless device that can be easily installed close to the antenna while eliminating cable power loss. Since the cable power loss significantly reduces the reception sensitivity of the receiver and the transmitter power of the transmitter, the present invention enables the use of a relatively low power power amplifier by eliminating the cable power loss, and the power used in the conventional base station. It is possible to provide a higher transmit power than the amplifier.

Secondly, the inclusion of a transceiver subsystem in the wireless device enables lower frequency interfaces than conventionally used RF interfaces in the main device in a DC-lowering manner. The lower frequency interface reduces power loss on the cable, making it possible to use inexpensive, smaller diameter connection cables between the wireless device and the main device.

Third, by separating the RF component from the components that depend on the RF component, it is necessary to modify only the wireless device while using the same main device, at different frequency bands and at different transmit power levels, It is possible to maintain an operating environment or condition. Thus, it is possible to facilitate modification of the base station design.

Fourth, it enables the implementation of small wireless devices that are easy to handle and easy to install. This is because less space is required without RF elements and at the same time the heat load for cooling in the main unit is smaller.

Fifth, such a structure enables the base station to perform omni-directional or directional operation, thereby enabling the base station to be upgraded from omni-directional to directional operation as the traffic demand increases. This is particularly important in CDMA systems where it is necessary to ensure that soft hand-off is maintained between sectors. Only one wireless device is needed for the omni-directional structure, and two and three wireless devices are required for the two or three sector structures, respectively. The three wireless devices may operate at the same frequency in three sector structures, and may operate at different frequencies in the three carrier omnidirectional structures.

Finally, the present invention allows the connection of another three wireless devices connected to its own main device to be connected to the same antenna without using a combiner.

The present invention as described above has the following advantages.

Firstly, by placing a transceiver module in the wireless device, it is possible to transmit a low frequency signal from the transceiver module to the main device. Thus, on the receiving side, the transceiver module converts the high frequency signal into a low frequency signal, and on the transmitting side, the transceiver module converts the low frequency signal from the main device into a high frequency signal for transmission. As a result, only a frequency signal is transmitted between the wireless device and the main device, and the power loss of the cable connecting the wireless device and the main device is minimized, which results in a smaller diameter and cheaper cable. Has the advantage of making it possible to use.

Secondly, since the synthesizer is located away from the channel processing element, the ground loop is eliminated, and the probability that noise can occur in the transmitted and received signals is significantly reduced compared to conventional base station systems.

Third, another advantage of removing the transceiver subsystem from the main unit is that the main unit is much smaller and lighter in size and weight. The technical requirements for changing operating area or environmental conditions have the advantage of flexibility and ease of installation and maintenance.

In addition, smaller size and lighter weight base stations have the advantage that they are easy to implement in pico cells or micro cells, especially requiring much more base station installations than those required in macro cell implementations.

Fourth, with the full transmission function included in the wireless device, the wireless device receives only one baseband signal for the transmitted data and performs all up-conversion and amplification at the wireless device. This has the advantage of eliminating the need to transmit a high loss RF signal to the wireless device and enabling the wireless device to operate with higher efficiency than if the RF signal is necessarily propagated in the props.

Fifthly, because up-conversion is performed in the wireless device. Direct modulation has the advantage of reducing the complexity of the transmit signal line and enabling cost savings throughout the system where the signal is transmitted upwards to the posts and then upconverted back to RF. In addition, the present invention requires fewer RF components than in the prior art.

Sixth, output power measurements can be performed at the factory and the wireless device can be programmed to be used in conjunction with any main device. The wireless power device stores full power control in local memory as well as power setting, which has the advantage of enabling cell size adjustment in the wireless device instead of the base station.

Seventhly, it is possible to attenuate or increase power attenuation at the wireless device rather than at the base station.

Eighthly, the detection of power control is performed in the wireless device, in particular the power control has the advantage that it can be used to verify the integrity of all signal transmission paths. That is, conventionally, in a device in which a power amplifier is installed in a post, even if output power attenuation is detected, the base station operator was unable to detect whether the problem of output power attenuation occurred in the power amplifier or in the main device. Can solve the problem.

Ninth, it has the advantage that it is easy to perform a system upgrade because all wireless devices or main devices can be replaced. In addition, since similar elements are configured together, board or device level upgrades also have the advantage that they are easier to implement than conventional base stations.

Claims (15)

A base station having a module and distributed structure, comprising: a radio transceiver device connected to a first antenna and positioned in a support structure proximate to the first antenna; and at least two separate devices: a main device communicating with a base station controller. , The wireless transceiver includes a transceiver circuit, The base station having a module and distributed structure, characterized in that it comprises an antenna interface circuit connected to the transceiver circuit. The method of claim 1, And the antenna interface circuit comprises a transmit power amplifier for providing an amplified signal to the first antenna. The method of claim 1, And the antenna interface circuit comprises at least one low noise amplifier for amplifying the received signal to maximize receiver reception. The antenna interface circuit is a base station having a module and distributed structure, characterized in that it comprises a duplexer circuit for adjusting the transmission and reception of the signal from the first antenna. The method of claim 1, And the antenna interface circuit interfaces to each of the first and second antennas. The method of claim 1, And the transceiver circuitry comprises a transmitter circuit for transmitting a signal through the first antenna and at least a first receiver for receiving a signal from the first antenna. The method of claim 6, The transceiver circuit includes a synthesizer for synthesizing the transmission and reception frequencies of the transceiver circuit, and a communication link for communication between the transceiver and a main device located apart from the transceiver. . A base station having a module and a distributed structure for a telephone system, A first antenna located on top of the antenna support structure, A transmission power amplifier connected in close proximity to the first antenna and amplifying a communication signal to an appropriate transmission magnitude level of the communication cell; And a first receiver for receiving a signal from the first antenna, the first receiver being located in proximity to the transmit power amplifier and communicating with a device spaced apart from the base station. The method of claim 8, A second antenna positioned at an upper end of the antenna support structure; The base station having a module and distributed structure, characterized in that it further comprises a second receiver for receiving a signal from the second antenna. At least two subsystems of a first subsystem amplifying, transmitting and receiving a telephone signal and located in proximity to the antenna, and a second subsystem, spaced apart from the first subsystem and in communication with the first subsystem In the base station having a divided module and a distributed structure, The second subsystem includes an interface unit for communicating with the first subsystem; A base station having a module and distributed structure, characterized in that it comprises a main device comprising a main controller circuit for communicating with a base station controller. The method of claim 10, And the main device further comprises at least one channel circuit for modulating and demodulating the code division multiple access signal transmitted and received from the transmission and reception device. The method of claim 10, The main unit further comprises a temperature control subsystem for processing heat generated by other elements included in the main unit. The method of claim 10, And wherein said main device further comprises a global location system receiver coupled to said main controller circuit. The method of claim 10, The base station having a module and distributed structure, characterized in that the interface unit receives a demodulated telephone signal received and demodulated in the first subsystem. The method of claim 10, The base station converts a terrestrial telephone signal into a code division multiple access signal in the main device and performs code division multiple access communication for modulating the code division multiple access signal having a transmission frequency in the first subsystem. A base station having a module and a distributed structure.