KR20200038617A - New tangerine cultivar JNM3 and breeding method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a new citrus variety, and more specifically, to a new citrus variety based on 'Lee' and selecting and breeding hybrid live organisms formed by neglecting moisture. The new citrus varieties according to the present invention have a higher weight compared to the parent, a high sugar ratio, and a suitable skin thickness, and thus have excellent storage characteristics, and can be harvested all year, which can greatly contribute to the increase in income of citrus growers. Is expected.

Description

New tangerine cultivation ‘ＪＮＭ３’ and its breeding method {New tangerine cultivar JNM3 and breeding method thereof}

The present invention relates to a new citrus species, and more specifically, to a new citrus species based on 'Lee' and breeding an individual obtained by neglecting moisture.

When artificially crossing varieties with different characteristics, various genotypes appear in later generations. As such, a method of nurturing excellent new varieties by recombining genes possessed by both parents through artificial crossing between lines and varieties or species and genus It is called cross breeding, and it is the most widely used breeding method for improving crop varieties. Artificial mating is completed by removing the stamen just before the flower blooms, and pollinating the pollen of the mating parent with the desired characteristics to obtain the F1 seed. In the case of artificial mating, the mating parent who removes the operation is called the self-protecting parent, the seed parent or the parent parent, and the mating parent using pollen is the pollen parent or the parent parent (父 희종 et al., 2015, Report Plant Breeding Science) Reference).

The phylogenetic separation method, which is one of the separate breeding methods, is mainly used for breeding crops that are subject to fertilization by repeatedly selecting them from a group of individuals or lineages of crops. It is necessary to fix the desired trait and to maintain some non-uniformity with respect to other traits. To this end, a group of indigenous species collected is selected for excellent individuals through open pollination by insects or wind (see Ahn Wan-sik, 2013, Seeds received by my hand). The breeding of new varieties by neglecting moisture is mainly used for cultivating corn, and is also used for cultivating citrus and apple varieties.

Citrus is the generic name for the fruit belonging to the Rutaceae plants and classification (Rutaceae), there are many types to be used for human consumption, mainly in citrus (Citrus). Citrus fruits are cultivated in about 50 countries around the world, ranging from 40 degrees north latitude to 40 degrees south latitude, from tropical to temperate. Sweet orange, citrus, grapefruit, lemon, lime, etc. . The varieties that are cultivated in Korea are overwhelmingly rich in citrus unshiu , but since they are not only easy to eat fruit, they also have excellent properties suitable for canning and juice processing. . Wet infertility is high in acid and low in sugar when immature, but as it matures, the acid gradually decreases and sugar increases. By maturity, the acid is about 1% and the sugar is around 10%, but the high sugar content and low acid content are preferred. There are several varieties in Wenjumilgam, but it is largely divided into early and common species.

Today, there are only about 10 traditional citrus fruits remaining in the Jeju area, and most are some types of cultivars, including warm wheat persimmon introduced from Japan. Among them, Mangams refers to tangerines that are produced later than Wenzhou tangerines, which are produced in the fall in Noji. Hallabong is the representative one, and Cheonhyehyang, Red, Golden, and Cheongdog. Most persimmons are grown in a greenhouse without heating, and are characterized by a larger sugar content than Wenzhou tangerines.

On the other hand, Lee ( C. reticulata, 'Lee') is a cultivated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Florida). The male form is the middle type, and the defensive form is normal. Fruitfulness is moderate and biennial results are slightly strong. It is strong for sore disease and Lee Byung-sung for ulcer disease. The harvest season is in mid-November, with a sugar content of 9.3 brix and an acid content of about 0.7%.

Republic of Korea Patent Publication 10-2018-0072045 Republic of Korea Patent Publication 10-2018-0073183

An object of the present invention is to improve the Lee (Lee) to provide a new citrus varieties with improved palatability, redness, high sugar content and low acid content.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a breeding method for the new citrus variety.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a new cultivar citrus 'JNM3' selected and breeding individuals obtained by neglecting moisture based on “Lee” ( C. reticulata ).

The new citrus cultivar 'JNM3' of the present invention was selected by fostering hybrid living objects obtained by neglected pollination using the Lee varieties as a model, and the hyperplasia is circular and the hyperplasia index is about 100. Similar to Lee, but overweight is significantly higher than Lee. In addition, the sugar content is somewhat higher than that of Li, and the acidity is slightly lower than that of Li. The color of the rind is dark red, similar to Lee, and is a breed that is reproduced by the reception. In the above, the hyperplasia was judged as the hyperplasia index, and the hyperplasia index was flat (flat) as the number was higher as the percentage of the transverse diameter and the longitudinal diameter of the fruit.

Among the persimmons currently grown in Jeju, the variety that can be shipped within the year is limited to a single species of golden scent ( Citrus hybrid , 'Ehime kashi 28 gou'), but the 'JNM3' of the present invention has a sugar content of 10 brix or higher as of December. It is less than 0.5%, so it can be used as another type of persimmon for shipment within the year.

More specifically, the new citrus variety 'JNM3' of the present invention has the fruit properties of (1) to (13) below.

(1) Tree growth habit is remodelability.

(2) Tree thorns are medium in length.

(3) The shape of the Yeopsin government is peak-shaped.

(4) There is no groove in the apex.

(5) The operation length is short.

(6) The fruit length / diameter ratio (hyperplastic index) is medium.

(7) The shape of fruit cross-section is circular.

(8) Fruit The shape of the neck part is slightly rounded.

(9) There is no fruit neck.

(10) The main color of the fruit surface is dark orange.

(11) Fruit has feathers.

(12) The thickness of the fruit skin is thick.

(13) The number of fruit seeds (leaving moisture) is absent or very small.

In addition, the 'JNM3' has the following fruit characteristics.

(1) The form of peel color of fruit: full color

(2) Peel coloration of fruit: orange red (orange)

(3) Fruit sugar content: 10 ~ 11 brix

(4) Fruit maturity: mid-November

(5) Hyperplasticity index (horizontal diameter / longitudinal diameter × 100): 105 ~ 110

(6) Peel thickness: 3.3 ~ 3.5 mm

(7) Overweight: 150 ~ 200g

In one embodiment of the present invention, the citrus new product 'JNM3' has a relatively heavy weight compared to the parent Lee, and has a little sugar content and a little low acidity. In one embodiment of the present invention, the citrus new varieties 'JNM3' have a relatively high sugar content in the maturity period of 10 to 11 Brix on average, relatively high compared to the parent, more heavy, and the acidity is relatively somewhat higher than the parent. It is on the low side and has certain characteristics with little change in acidity.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a breeding method for a new citrus fruit species 'JNM3'. The breeding method of the JNM3 comprises: (a) crossing the parent variety “Lee” by neglecting moisture; (b) harvesting the fruit of the mated individual and harvesting seeds; (c) seeding the harvested seeds and inducing germination under conditions of a minimum temperature of 15 ° C or higher; (d) growing germinated individuals; And (e) inducing the flowering and fruiting by inducing the growth of the eyes growing in the rotting object after giving the object reception to the tree for 1 week.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the step (a) is carried out by fertilizing, stopping, pruning, pest control, etc. until the stage that can be used for mating by grafting 'Lee', which is the parent variety, to the Tengja tree And growing until flowering and fruiting are possible.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the step (b) is to harvest the fruit of the mated individual, harvest the seeds, grasp the number of seeds formed per fruit, wash the foreign substances in the outer shell of the seeds sufficiently, and wind well. It may include the step of sufficiently drying the seeds obtained in the shade or indoors.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the step (c) is sowing the obtained seeds using a ground pot or top soil, and the indoor minimum temperature is maintained at about 15 ° C or higher (glass greenhouse, rainforest house, plant It may include the step of inducing germination in the interior of the plant, etc., and performing fertilization and pest control so that the germinated individuals can be grown in a robust state after being transplanted into an appropriate port.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the step (d) and (e) step is to grow the obtained hybrid hybrid object for about 2 years, and then close and accept the registration of the hybrid hybrid object in the end of March to April. It may include the step of inducing flowering and fruiting by encouraging growth of the eye (개체) growing in the after-grown object for one week.

Additionally, the breeding method includes the step of selecting excellent JNM3 strains by evaluating the characteristics of fruit trees and fruits. In one embodiment of the present invention, the characteristics that serve as the basis for selection in the above line selection are preferably biomass for ultra-aged, and overfruit, color, and sugar content for fruit quality. That is, the shape of the fruit is the closest to the circle, the shape of the fruit cross-section is circular, there is no neck of the fruit, the thickness of the skin is medium, the color is red, and the final one with high sugar content can be selected.

The new citrus varieties according to the present invention have more excellent weight characteristics, more sugar content, slightly lower acidity, and medium skin thickness compared to the parent li, as well as excellent quality characteristics, which can be harvested throughout the year to increase the income of citrus growers. It is expected to contribute greatly.

1 is a photograph showing the hyperplasia of the 'JNM3' variety of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a photograph showing the fruiting state of the 'JNM3' variety of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail through examples. However, these examples are only for illustrating the present invention, it will be said that the scope of the present invention is not to be construed as limited by these examples.

Example 1. Breeding method of JNM3

1-1. Selection of model and neglect

In order to cultivate new varieties of citrus fruits, which are different from the existing varieties, have a high sugar content, low acidity, and are not only resistant to pests, but can be shipped to the market after the year's harvest. The cultivar "Lee" was selected as a model, with abundant growth, vigorous growth, and red skin color and high quantity. The Lee variety used as a parent fruit has a spherical fruit and a weight of about 100 g. The skin is thin and slightly difficult to peel, seeds are formed, and it is monoploid. The harvest season is in mid-December, with a sugar content of 9.3 ° Bx and an acid content of around 1%. The upright type is the middle of the upright type and the open type, and the flush is normal. Fruitfulness is moderate and biennial results are slightly strong. In addition, it is strong in sores and ulcerative in the disease.

Flowering of citrus fruits begins in mid-April and continues until late May. Since Lee has the characteristics of monoplasia, fertilization is effected by the pollen of other individuals and seeds are formed. In general citrus breeding, artificial mating method of pollinating pollen of another individual is used in the parent, but new pollenation is possible by neglect pollination in which pollen of other individual genetically becomes pollinated and seeds are formed under natural conditions. Therefore, in the present invention, a breeding method by neglecting moisture was selected. Therefore, during the period from mid-April to late May during flowering, artificial liquor related to moisture was not applied to Lee, the parent, and pest control was carried out according to conventional cultivation methods. In mid-November 2012, the fruit was harvested from the individual, and seeds formed by neglect moisture were collected for each fruit.

1-2. Acquisition of hybridized individuals

After drying the seeded seeds, the sufficiently dried seed seeds are sown in a 50-hole tray or Zippy pot using a uniform mixture of general horticultural clay and heavy clay in a ratio of 2: 1 in late November of the same year. After inducing germination in facilities (glass greenhouse, rain forest house, plant factory) so that the temperature is maintained at about 15 ℃ or higher, germinated hybrid living organisms are placed in 12 or 24 seedling pots, and general horticultural soil and heavy clay are 2: The topsoil mixed in 1 ratio was filled and transplanted, and heated in a glass greenhouse to induce growth.

Growing individuals accelerated their growth by fertilizing a certain amount of fertilizer once every two weeks from the time 30 days after transplantation. Hybrid live individuals were grown to 12 or 24 port to the stage where they could receive additional fidelity for about 1 year and 3 months after transplantation.

1-3. Excellent system selection

In order to shorten the time required for breeding by inducing early flowering and fruiting, the citrus tree (gungcheonjo) grown in the applicant's rainforest house in Waheul-ri, Jocheon-eup, Jeju-si, in the middle of March 2014 was used as an intermediate tree. The incidence of hybrid live individuals was admitted, and the settled individuals were not cut by the wind during growth by binding to the supports using a binding machine after installing a 3m support. The growth was performed in the form of 1 week, the thorns and side branches occurring in the hybrids during growth were removed, and the individual with the growth of two eyes was selected after curing and only the individual was removed. Individuals who grew up to the height (about 3m) where the manned ship was installed in the rain forest house facility were attracted to grow horizontally, and if necessary, they were bound to induce flowering and fruiting.

After flowering began in late April 2016, fruiting took place after early June in the same year, and some individuals fell naturally. A good system was selected primarily by conducting fruit property surveys on 18 subjects that arrived between December 2016 and February 2017. The survey items were characteristics such as transverse diameter (g), longitudinal diameter (g), hyperplasia index (percentage of transverse and longitudinal diameter of fruit), overweight (g), sugar content (° Bx), acid content (%), and coloring (a) ( Table 1). Among them, a line (14-01-02) having a high sugar acid ratio and exhibiting a value of 30 or more of a color measured by a colorimeter was selected, and it was named “JNM3” ( Citrus spp ).

Fruit characteristics of hybrid living objects obtained by neglect pollination based on Lee varieties Survey date Object name Transverse
(mm) Close
(mm) Hyperplasia
Indices Overweight
(g) Undercut
(g) Pulp rate pericarp
thickness
(mm) volume Party Acidity coloring strain 2016.12.06 14-01-02 76.3 71.3 107.1 206.2 45.2 78.0 3.7 0.0 10.2 0.54 30.56 0.4 2016.12.07 14-01-08 68.7 56.8 121.2 134.8 25.8 80.8 2.6 1.0 12.8 0.63 32.43 1.7 2016.12.07 14-01-12 45.1 50.0 90.3 55.3 8.0 85.6 1.4 0.0 10.0 0.93 13.25 0.0 2016.12.07 14-01-13 54.4 48.3 113.5 72.9 20.5 72.5 2.9 0.7 11.0 1.22 32.38 2.3 2016.12.07 14-01-14 47.7 44.3 107.8 51.9 12.1 76.7 2.2 0.0 10.2 1.43 18.47 16.2 2016.12.07 14-01-25 89.0 83.1 107.6 300.6 106.9 66.2 7.1 0.0 11.1 0.96 11.79 0.0 2016.12.07 14-02-01 74.0 60.8 121.6 172.1 34.0 80.3 3.0 0.0 9.2 1.05 30.90 3.2 2016.12.07 14-02-08 39.7 39.9 99.5 30.8 8.8 71.5 2.5 0.0 9.3 3.45 -8.18 0.0 2016.12.01 14-03-04 76.9 82.4 95.6 212.7 43.4 78.0 3.6 1.0 9.6 0.73 9.06 2.5 2016.12.01 14-03-05 56.5 46.0 123.4 73.3 20.0 72.9 3.3 0.0 9.6 3.43 -4.15 0.0 2016.12.01 14-03-07 63.8 48.9 130.5 93.5 17.8 81.0 2.0 0.0 8.5 0.64 12.57 0.0 2016.12.01 14-03-08 58.9 72.4 81.7 113.7 21.6 81.0 2.6 0.0 10.6 0.53 11.67 0.0 2016.12.01 14-03-14 70.3 62.2 113.2 154.7 17.3 88.7 1.5 0.0 9.4 0.63 19.58 0.8 2016.12.01 14-03-24 72.0 68.8 104.7 181.6 40.0 78.0 3.5 0.0 9.0 0.87 29.16 0.0 2016.12.01 14-03-25 59.4 54.4 109.3 88.3 22.0 75.1 2.9 0.0 10.0 2.90 12.35 20.2 2016.12.01 14-04-04 62.4 61.2 102.0 95.7 31.7 67.0 4.0 0.0 10.4 2.13 13.47 12.8 2016.12.01 14-04-05 75.8 64.2 118.2 177.6 32.2 81.9 2.9 0.0 9.8 1.05 23.67 0.0 2016.12.01 14-04-06 58.6 55.0 106.9 94.9 20.6 78.4 2.6 0.0 10.3 0.97 23.99 16.6

1-4. Final selection of JNM3 varieties

The JNM3, which was first selected as the above-mentioned superior system, was investigated after ignition and moistening, water washing, distance, pest occurrence, and major fruit characteristics since March 2017. As a result, JNM3 varieties can be harvested within the year and have excellent characteristics. Was confirmed, and the final selection was made.

Example 2. Growth characteristics of JNM3

Investigation and analysis of growth characteristics, including fruit, cultivation, and cultivation characteristics of the new citrus cultivar 'JNM3', at Rainong House and Glass Greenhouse of Jenon, located in Waheul, Jocheon-eup, Jeju from March 2017 to around September 2018 The results are as follows.

2-1. Characteristics of the whole fruit tree

⑴ Washing is moderate (medium) and has thorns.

⑵ The internode is normal, the leaf shape is medium in length, and the width of the leaf is wide.

⑶ The tree shape is remodeling.

시기 The flowering period is slow and the flowering period is long.

⑸ Sukki is about mid-November and is similar to the golden scent of common mantis.

낙 Less fruits before harvest

2-2. Characteristics of fruit

As can be seen in Table 2 below, the new varieties of citrus, 'JNM3', were found to have superior characteristics of overweight, peel thickness, number of seeds, and acidity compared to 'Li', which is a hybrid model.

Comparison of Fruit Characteristics of JNM3 and Lee system
number Research
Pause Overweight
(g) Hyperplasia
Indices Pulp rate
(%) Peel thickness
(mm) Seed count
(dog) Sugar content
(° Bx) Acid content
(%) Dangsanbi Coloring a * JNM3 17.12.19 160.7 107.2 77.6 3.34 0.8 10.2 0.50 20.40 30.39 18.01.03 191.7 106.6 78.9 3.33 1.0 10.8 0.62 17.42 31.04 18.01.10 205.2 104.3 76.4 3.75 0.2 10.5 0.47 22.98 31.97 18.01.17 204.0 109.5 77.0 3.73 0.2 10.1 0.55 18.36 32.62 18.01.24 169.8 103.3 77.6 3.37 0.0 10.1 0.50 20.20 31.78 18.02.07 173.6 103.1 77.6 3.45 0.2 10.2 0.55 18.55 31.74 18.02.13 173.6 106.6 75.3 3.72 2.0 11.7 0.61 19.18 34.05 18.02.28 147.5 108.5 78.1 2.99 0.0 11.7 0.60 19.50 34.38 Breed name Research
Pause Overweight
(g) Hyperplasia
Indices Pulp rate
(%) Peel thickness
(mm) Seed count
(dog) Sugar content
(° Bx) Acid content
(%) Dangsanbi Coloring a * Lee 18.01.03 102.4 110.3 84.7 1.92 2.4 10.4 0.64 16.25 29.50 18.01.10 96.6 108.1 85.1 1.70 2.6 10.2 0.59 17.29 28.66 18.01.17 101.5 111.7 85.2 1.73 1.2 10.5 0.63 16.67 32.59 18.01.24 107.9 108.2 85.0 1.74 0.0 10.5 0.50 21.00 32.90 18.02.07 92.0 106.9 83.5 1.99 0.0 10.6 0.53 20.00 31.65 18.02.13 97.7 109.6 83.3 1.96 4.0 10.7 0.77 13.90 32.49 18.02.28 86.0 108.2 84.4 1.70 0.0 11.4 0.65 17.54 30.75 18.03.08 87.4 107.4 84.3 1.84 1.0 10.8 0.61 17.70 34.65

Specifically, the weight of Li, the parent, was 80-95 g, the thickness of the skin was 1.7-1.9 mm, the number of seeds was 1-2, and the acidity was 0.5-0.7, while the weight of JNM3 was 150-200 g, and the thickness of the skin was 3.0-3.7 mm. , The number of seeds is 0.5 ~ 1.5, acidity is 0.5. ~ 0.6, and the weight is heavier, the skin is thicker, the number of seeds is less, and the acidity is somewhat lower than the mating parent Lee.

Through the above results, it can be confirmed that the new citrus cultivar 'JNM3' has about 2 times more weight than Lee, and the thickness of the skin is small, so that it has a favorable effect even during storage or distribution. In addition, it can be seen that JNM3 has a small number of seeds and a relatively high sugar content, so that the texture is good.

The fruit characteristics of JNM3 as described above are summarized as follows.

⑴ The yield is moderate, and the weight is about 150 ~ 200g.

⑵ Coloring starts in September and ends in mid-November.

⑶ The red color of the skin and flesh is dark, and the fruit is colored red when completely colored.

⑷ Diffusion is smooth, flesh is soft, and the shape of fruit is round.

⑸ The fruiting rate is good and the size of the nucleus is small compared to the fruit.

지나 Even after maturity, there is no volume and taste is better.

양 Yangkwangmyeon tends to fade when overripe.

당 The sugar content of the maturity period is as high as 10 ~ 13 ° Brix, and the acidity is fast at 0.4 to 0.6%, and the acidity is low.

⑼ Chaegashi has a pale yellow color, but when stored, it becomes natural red in color after about 1 month.

⑽ Fruit juice is medium, high sweetness, no heat and occurrence.

⑾ High hardness and easy peeling.

⑿ Zhejiang is long compared to golden scent.

Claims (1)

A new citrus variety JNM3 having the characteristics of (1) to (20) below, which is selected from individuals obtained by germinating and growing seeds formed by negligent moisture based on the Lee variety.
(1) Tree growth habit is remodelability.
(2) Tree thorns are medium in length.
(3) The shape of the Yeopsin government is peak-shaped.
(4) There is no groove in the apex.
(5) The operation length is short.
(6) The fruit length / diameter ratio (hyperplastic index) is medium.
(7) The shape of fruit cross-section is circular.
(8) Fruit The shape of the neck part is slightly rounded.
(9) There is no fruit neck.
(10) Fruit surface The main color is dark orange.
(11) Fruit has feathers.
(12) The thickness of the fruit skin is thick.
(13) The number of fruit seeds (leaving moisture) is absent or very small.
(14) The form of peel color of fruit: full color
(15) Color of fruit skin coloring: Orange red (orange)
(16) Fruit sugar content: 10 ~ 11 brix
(17) Fruit maturity: mid-November.
(18) Hyperplasticity index (horizontal diameter / longitudinal diameter × 100): 105 ~ 110
(19) Peel thickness: 3.3 ~ 3.5 mm
(20) Overweight: 150 ~ 200g

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