KR20210025382A - Wettype-modifiable Multilayer Filtration System and Filter Unit Comprising Thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a filtration system having a multilayer structure including a metal catalyst filter unit, a carbon filter unit, and an inorganic compound filter unit, wherein the metal catalyst filter unit includes Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mg, Zn, Ba, Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ru, Mn or Ti contains one or more metals selected from or oxides or mixed catalysts thereof, the carbon filter unit includes at least one of activated carbon and activated carbon fiber, and the inorganic compound filter unit is a harmful gas It has an excellent effect of removing harmful gases including inorganic compounds that can adsorb it. In addition, the present invention includes a filter unit and a gas mask using the multi-layered filtration system.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0002] Multilayer Filtration System and Filter Unit Comprising Thereof

The present invention relates to a multi-layer filtration system that filters a gas that is contaminated with toxic gas or the like and is harmful to the human body. Specifically, the present invention relates to a multi-layer filtration system in which an independent filter layer to which functionality is added is combined to increase filtration efficiency of various toxic gases.

Further, the invention relates to a filter unit with such a filtration system.

In addition, the present invention relates to a gas mask and the like manufactured using the filter unit.

Herein, background art related to the present disclosure is provided, and these do not necessarily mean known art.

BACKGROUND ART Recently, technologies for various filter structures have appeared in accordance with the problem of deterioration of air quality. In addition, as a recent frequent social issue, when a fire occurs in a large building, damage caused by toxic gases has been reported. Although the time required to evacuate from such a fire situation is usually 3 to 5 minutes, it is said that there are many cases of suffocation due to inhalation of carbon monoxide and toxic gas during evacuation. Practically, drinking carbon monoxide for only two minutes is concerned about suffocation, and hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN) and sulfurous acid gas (SO ₂ ), which are representative toxic gases generated in a fire, are said to lose consciousness even when exposed for tens of seconds.

In order to reduce such damage, a number of technologies related to smoke masks or smoke masks have been disclosed. Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2018-0051295 discloses a rescue handkerchief for fire evacuation in which an ampoule of herbal extracts is added to a handkerchief in which a microfiber fabric, a charcoal fabric, and a nonwoven fabric are stacked. Since the ampoule contains chamomile extract, calendula extract, sage extract, etc., it is said that it can provide significant stability to the human body. However, it may be difficult to ensure the efficiency of removing toxic gases and carbon monoxide by soaking the herbal extract in a general smoke filter structure, and if the ampoule is wetted with a towel, it may give a sense of mental stability. It does not allow it to act as a wet filter. Therefore, the activity of the charcoal fabric that is partially wetted is lowered by the liquid contained in the ampoule, and the area not wetted has only the role of a general dry filter, so the removal efficiency of toxic gas is estimated to be low.

Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2015-0125905 discloses a technology in which a metal catalyst is supported on an activated carbon filter to increase the removal efficiency of toxic gases, but the productivity is low due to various catalysts that must be supported on the activated carbon for each function to be implemented. I can. In addition, there is a limit to substantially removing toxic gases since there are portions that have been subjected to dehumidification and water/oil repellency treatment to prevent the deterioration of the activated carbon performance.

Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1738639 discloses that a wet filter with adequate moisture can be used in a portable mask capable of purifying toxic gases in order to increase the purification efficiency. There is a disadvantage in that vacuum packaging is necessary to prevent it.

Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2018-0051295 (2018. 05. 16.) Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2015-0125905 (2015. 11. 10.) Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1738639 (2017. 05. 16.)

Accordingly, an aspect according to the present invention is proposed to solve the above-described problem. The present invention provides a multi-layer filtration system capable of effectively removing toxic gases in normal times. Each filter included in the multilayer structure is individually functionalized to maximize filter efficiency.

In addition, the present invention provides a filter unit using the multi-layer filtration system. The filter unit may be used in a portable mask device for removing toxic gases or a purification tank for a gas mask, and the present invention provides the mask device or a gas mask.

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems that are not mentioned will be clearly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs from the following description. I will be able to.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a filtration system having a multilayer structure including a metal catalyst filter unit, a carbon filter unit, and an inorganic compound filter unit is provided. In the above embodiment, the metal catalyst filter unit is selected from Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mg, Zn, Ba, Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ru, Mn, or Ti at least one metal or oxide or mixture thereof It includes a catalyst, and the carbon filter unit may include at least one of activated carbon and activated carbon fiber. Preferred metal catalysts may include Pt, Ru, Ag or Au. In addition, examples of the mixed catalyst may include Fe-Cr-Al, 2MgO-2Al ₂ O ₃ -5SiO ₂ , and CuO-MnO ₂ . In the above embodiment, the multi-layer filtration system may further include at least one of a pre-filter unit and a HEPA filter unit.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a filtration system having a multilayer structure including a metal catalyst filter unit, a carbon filter unit, and an inorganic compound filter unit is provided. In the embodiment, the metal catalyst filter unit is selected from Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mg, Zn, Ba, Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ru, Mn, or Ti at least one metal or oxide thereof or It includes a mixed catalyst, wherein the carbon filter unit includes at least one of activated carbon and activated carbon fiber, and the inorganic compound filter unit is a natural fiber or synthetic fiber derived from cotton, rayon, lyocell, polyester, polypropylene, nylon, etc. A fabric or nonwoven fabric containing fibers selected from at least one of or a mixture of these fibers is used as a substrate, and inorganic compounds such as chitosan, N-halamine, and hydroxyapatite are dispersed in the fiber substrate. , It is incorporated by a method such as laminated or supported between coating or fibrous layers. In the above embodiment, the fibrous substrate may be replaced with a microporous membrane substrate.

In the above embodiment, the multi-layer filtration system may further include at least one of a pre-filter unit and a HEPA filter unit.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a multi-layered filtration system including a metal catalyst filter unit, a carbon filter unit, an inorganic compound filter unit, and a wetting agent is provided. The humectant may be in a form in which a liquid in an amount capable of implementing a wet filter in a multilayer filter system is present in the sealing member. In addition, the liquid phase in the sealing member may be water (H ₂ O) alone, and may further include an acid, alcohol or diol represented by R-COOH, R-OH or HO-R-OH. At this time, the concentration of the acid, alcohol or diol may be 30% or less, and R is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

In the above embodiment, the multilayer filtration system may be stacked in the order of a pre-filter unit, a metal catalyst filter unit, a carbon filter unit, an inorganic compound filter unit, and a HEPA filter unit along a direction in which contaminated air is introduced. In this case, the sealing member including the wetting agent may be positioned after the inorganic compound filter unit or between the carbon filter unit and the inorganic compound filter unit.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a multi-layered filtration system including a metal catalyst filter unit, a carbon filter unit, an inorganic compound filter unit, and a wetting agent is provided. In the above embodiment, the metal catalyst filter unit is selected from Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mg, Zn, Ba, Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ru, Mn, or Ti at least one metal or oxide or mixture thereof It includes a catalyst, wherein the carbon filter unit includes at least one of activated carbon and activated carbon fiber, and the activated carbon or activated carbon fiber of the carbon filter unit may be stacked in at least one layer, and the at least one activated carbon layer or A membrane may be further included at the interface of the activated carbon fiber layer, and the membrane may be hydrophobic.

In the above embodiment, the multi-layer filtration system may further include at least one of a pre-filter unit and a HEPA filter unit, and the hydrophobic membrane may be further included at an interface of the filter unit adjacent to the carbon filter unit.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a filter unit including the multi-layer filtration system.

In the above embodiment, the filter unit may further include a moisture-proof layer.

In addition, according to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a gas mask and the like including the filter unit.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, by providing a multilayer filtration system manufactured by stacking a filter unit capable of individually filtering _{carbon monoxide, SOx, NOx, H 2} S, HCHO, NH _{3, etc., and a unit including the same,} It is possible to effectively purify harmful gases contaminated with gas or the like.

In addition, the multi-layer filtration system according to another embodiment of the present invention is very effective in removing toxic gases emitted in the event of a fire by appropriately arranging filter units each having an independent function.

In addition, a filter unit including a multi-layer filtration system according to another embodiment of the present invention may be used for a smoke mask, a gas mask, or a gas mask to save people when toxic gas is generated.

1 is a block diagram of a multilayer filtration system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a block diagram of a multilayer filtration system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a block diagram of a carbon filter unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a block diagram of a carbon filter unit according to another embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a block diagram of an inorganic compound filter unit including a wetting agent according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a block diagram of a portable gas mask according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a plan view of a protrusion for coupling in a portable gas mask according to a manufacturing example of the present invention.

Before describing the present invention in detail below, it is understood that the terms used in the present specification are for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is limited only by the scope of the appended claims. shall. All technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise stated.

Throughout this specification and claims, unless otherwise stated, the term "comprise, comprises, comprising" means to include the recited object, step or group of objects, and steps, and any other object It is not used in the sense of excluding a step, a group of objects, or a group of steps.

On the other hand, various embodiments of the present invention may be combined with any other embodiments unless clearly indicated to the contrary. Any feature indicated to be particularly desirable or advantageous may be combined with any other feature and features indicated to be desirable or advantageous.

Pre-filter part

When filtering and purifying contaminated gas or liquid, it is the first filter that the material to be filtered encounters first, and is a kind of pretreatment filter using a filter agent such as synthetic fiber or metal. When used for general industrial use, it refers to a filter that collects dust over 10㎛ in general.

The pre-filter substantially constituting the pre-filter unit used herein may be made of, for example, synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric. The nonwoven fabric may be manufactured by a spunbond method, a spunlace method, a needle punching method, a melt blown method, etc., and raw materials are nylon, polyester, polypropylene, It may be one selected from polyethylene or the like or a mixture thereof.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the pre-filter unit is substantially composed of synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric. The synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric substantially constituting the pre-filter may have an average fiber diameter and an average pore diameter according to its use, and may have an appropriate filter thickness.

In one embodiment of the present invention, in the filter unit used for a flame retardant mask, the pre-filter is a nonwoven fabric or a laminate of nonwoven fabric manufactured by a melt blown method using PET fibers containing 90% or more of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). I can. The nonwoven fabric may have an average fiber diameter of 1 to 5 µm, and an average pore diameter of 5 to 10 µm. The nonwoven fabric may be filled with a filling density of 0.1g/100ml to 1g/100ml so that the thickness of the filter is about 100 μm to 3 mm. The pre-filter may filter fine dust, for example, fine dust PM10 of 2.5 μm or more to 10 μm or less than a range that is filtered by a pre-filter of a general definition.

Metal catalyst filter part

In one embodiment of the present invention, the metal catalyst filter unit may remove harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, SOx, and NOx when used for, for example, a gas mask. In particular, it may be effective in removing carbon monoxide, and for this purpose, a metal catalyst filter unit may be formed by supporting a catalyst derived from a metal or metal oxide on a support made of a metal or ceramic having a large specific surface area. The metal catalyst filter unit may be appropriately selected and used by a person skilled in the art if it is a metal that catalyzes the reaction of removing harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, and Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mg, Zn, Ba, Au, Ag, One or more metals selected from Pd, Pt, Ru, Mn, or Ti, or oxides or mixed catalysts thereof may be used. Particularly, noble metal catalysts such as Pt, Ru, Ag, and Au have been reported as excellent catalysts for carbon monoxide. In addition, Mn / Co / Ag composite oxide catalyst has been reported said to have a high activity for the oxidation of CO and H ₂ and H ₂ under a CO flow. In addition, it has been reported that CuO has good activity in the oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the main role of the metal catalyst filter unit may be to oxidize carbon monoxide to purify it. However, the type of the coated or supported metal catalyst may vary depending on the type of the organic compound to be decomposed, and the amount of the metal catalyst used may also vary depending on the use and required performance. In particular, when a metal catalyst having antibacterial and sterilizing effects such as Cu and Ag is supported, storage of the filter can be improved.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the metal catalyst filter unit uses a catalyst included in a carrier with a large specific surface area such as zeolite or alumina, and a raw material optionally including activated carbon, in any available form such as beads, flakes, granules or aggregates. Provided, it can be formed in a structure that can secure the surface area as wide as possible, such as a honeycomb (honeycomb) form. The catalyst includes alumina and other metal oxides; Sodium bicarbonate; Silver (Ag); Nanoscale gold; Fe-Cr-Al, 2MgO-2Al ₂ O ₃ -5SiO ₂ , CuO-MnO ₂ and the like may be included. In the case of using mixed catalysts such as Fe-Cr-Al, 2MgO-2Al ₂ O ₃ -5SiO ₂ and CuO-MnO ₂ , the catalyst can be formed into spheres, pellets, and honeycomb with high compressive strength. The molded body itself may be disposed to have a predetermined thickness and used as a metal catalyst filter part of a filter unit.

Silver (Ag) particles, nanoscale gold, or mixed catalysts (e.g., Fe-Cr-Al, 2MgO-2Al ₂ O ₃ -5SiO ₂ , CuO-MnO _2, etc.) have an activity that catalyzes the oxidation of carbon monoxide. It is excellent and can be preferably used as a catalyst of the metal catalyst filter unit of the smoke-retardant mask according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Carbon filter part

In one embodiment of the present invention, the carbon filter unit may serve to filter harmful gases such as _{NOx, SOx, HCHO, H 2} S, and NH _3. The carbon filter unit may be manufactured using a carbon-based adsorbent that can serve as an adsorbent, for example, activated carbon or activated carbon fiber.

Activated carbon has a unique pore structure and is used as an adsorbent in various industries. To remove organic molecules from the liquid phase, activated carbon of micropore (2 nm or less) is used, and activated carbon of mesopore (2 nm to 50 nm) is used for gas or vapor adsorption. Can be used. In general, activated carbon has a specific surface area of 1000 m ² /g or less and a pore size of 10 to 10 ⁴ Å, and a limited specific surface area and a wide pore distribution may act as a disadvantage in relation to adsorption performance. Therefore, in the case of activated carbon, in order to improve the adsorption capacity, the surface of the activated carbon is modified through an oxidizing agent treatment such as nitric acid or plasma treatment.

Activated carbon fibers are fibrous activated carbons, which are manufactured by firing and reactivating natural fibers, artificial organic substances or chemical fibers as raw materials. Activated carbon fibers are fibrous and contain many micropores on the surface of each fiber, so they have a very large specific surface area, and the surface area is generally 500 to 3000 m ² /g. In addition, because the diameter of the fiber is very small, the absorption rate is very fast by minimizing the resistance to movement of substances outside and inside the adsorbent. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention, the carbon filter unit may be an activated carbon fiber filter including 90% or more of activated carbon fibers. The activated carbon fiber used in one embodiment of the present invention has a diameter of about 5 to 20 µm, and may have uniform pores of 10 to 40 Å on the surface. If necessary, the activated carbon fiber filter may contain fibers such as cellulose acetate. In addition, the activated carbon fiber filter may be coated or supported with, for example, a functional metal catalyst, depending on the use and required performance. As a metal catalyst coated or supported on activated carbon fiber, at least one metal selected from Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mg, Zn, Ba, Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ru, Mn, or Ti, or oxides thereof, or Mixed catalysts can be used. In this case, the type of the metal catalyst coated or supported may vary depending on the type of the organic compound to be decomposed, and the amount of the metal catalyst used may also vary depending on the use and required performance. In particular, when a metal catalyst having antibacterial and sterilizing effects such as Cu and Ag is supported, storage of the filter can be improved.

The activated carbon fiber filter may be manufactured in the form of a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric, or a simple single fiber aggregate. Activated carbon fiber nonwoven fabric can be produced by preparing phenolic fibers by a conventional nonwoven fabric manufacturing method and carbonizing and activating the nonwoven fabric. For example, for a method of manufacturing a phenol-based nonwoven fabric, reference may be made to Korean Patent No. 10-1891377. A person skilled in the art will be able to set an appropriate thickness for a nonwoven fabric of activated carbon fibers or an aggregate of activated carbon fibers in consideration of filtration efficiency and pressure loss.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the carbon filter unit has at least one activated carbon or activated carbon fiber filter layer. In one embodiment of the present invention, the carbon filter unit may include a plurality of activated carbon or activated carbon fiber filter layers and a membrane between the plurality of filter layers. As illustrated in FIG. 3, when the carbon filter unit includes a two-layer activated carbon fiber filter layer, a membrane 22 is provided between the first activated carbon fiber filter 21a and the second activated carbon fiber filter 21b. Can include. When the inorganic compound filter unit 30 is converted to a wet state, the membrane 22 may block moisture so that moisture does not impair the adsorption performance of the carbon filter unit 20. In order to increase the moisture barrier effect, the membrane 22 may be hydrophobic.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the membrane 22 is not only between the activated carbon fiber filter, but also an interface between the inorganic compound filter unit and the carbon filter unit and/or other types adjacent to the carbon filter unit (for example, a metal catalyst It may be disposed on the interface of the filter unit 10 with the filter.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the thicknesses of the plurality of activated carbon or activated carbon fiber filter layers may be the same or different. For example, the thickness of the activated carbon or activated carbon fiber filter layer at the interface adjacent to the inorganic compound filter unit may be smaller than the thickness of a plurality of other activated carbon or activated carbon fiber filter layers. As exemplarily shown in FIG. 4, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the carbon filter unit includes a three-layer activated carbon fiber filter, and the first activated carbon fiber filter 21a and the second activated carbon fiber filter adjacent to the inorganic compound filter unit The carbon fiber filter 21b may have a thickness of 1mm, and the third activated carbon fiber filter 21c stacked thereafter may have a thickness of 3mm. The activated carbon fiber filter may include activated carbon fibers having the same or different pore diameters and fiber diameters.

Inorganic compound filter part

Inorganic compounds such as chitosan, N-halamine, and hydroxyapatite may be present in the inorganic compound filter unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, hydroxyapatite, a calcium phosphate-based ceramic, is a major component of human bones and has excellent bone conductivity, bioactivity, and biocompatibility. In addition, hydroxyapatite, which has a structure in which calcium ions and phosphate groups are regularly arranged at high density, is a positive ion exchanger and has an adsorption function according to electrostatic interactions, so it has excellent protein adsorption, heavy metal adsorption, antibacterial properties, and antiviral properties. . The composition of hydroxyapatite is Ca ₁₀ (PO ₄ ) ₆ OH ₂ , and it is also used as a filter for liquid chromatography and water treatment based on its high protein adsorption performance.

The inorganic compound filter unit is made of a woven or non-woven fabric comprising at least one of natural fibers and synthetic fibers derived from cotton, rayon, lyocell, polyester, polypropylene, nylon, etc., or a fiber selected from a mixture thereof, Inorganic compounds such as chitosan, N-halamine, hydroxyapatite, etc. may be incorporated by a method such as dispersion in a fiber substrate, coating, or lamination between fiber layers.

In one embodiment of the present invention, chitosan, N-halamine, or hydroxyapatite, which are inorganic compounds contained in the inorganic compound filter unit, may be supported on the fiber substrate. In this case, the inorganic compound may be included in an amount of 5 to 85% by weight based on the total weight of the fabric or nonwoven fabric. For information on a fiber adsorbent carrying hydroxyapatite, which is one of the inorganic compounds that can be used in the present invention, refer to Korean Patent No. 10-1521991.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the fibrous substrate may be derived from cellulose-based fibers such as cotton, rayon, lyocell, and the like. Cellulose-derived fibers are hydrophilic as the fibers themselves, so when the following wetting agents are included in the multi-layer filtration system, it may be more advantageous in maximizing the toxic gas removal efficiency of the filtration system. Synthetic fibers derived from polyester, polypropylene, nylon, and the like may also be used as a raw material for the fiber substrate, and if necessary, a moisture affinity treatment may be performed to increase the possibility of wetting.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the substrate of the inorganic compound filter unit may be a microporous membrane. Like the fiber substrate, the microporous membrane substrate has a structure that may contain an inorganic compound, and may be made of a polymer material or a ceramic material in consideration of stability of moldability and physical properties. As the polymer material, both a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin can be used, but a thermoplastic resin that is advantageous for molding is preferred. Polymer resins include polyethersulfone, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polylactic acid, polyetherene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyamide, cellulose, silicone resin. , Epoxy resin, etc. may be included. The ceramic material may include silica, alumina, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, and the like.

The inorganic compound contained in the inorganic compound filter unit can be powdered and coated or supported, and the smaller the particle size of the powder is, the more advantageous in terms of adsorption performance. It may be from 0.3㎛ to 3㎛.

Humectant

The multi-layer filtration system according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a wetting agent. When the use of the humectant is a gas mask that can be used in the event of a fire, the humectant may play a role of not affecting the human body by dissolving the toxic gas generated in the event of a fire. When a fire breaks out in a building, household goods, textiles, and interior materials made mostly of petrochemicals are incompletely burned, releasing carbon monoxide and various toxic gases. In the case of such a toxic gas, since it is a synthetic toxic gas by various compounds, it can irritate the respiratory tract or eyes, and even cause neurological and cognitive dysfunction, leading to death.

The filter unit according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a wetting agent to prevent inhalation of the toxic gas emitted in the event of a fire. The humectant may include liquid water or a liquid mixture containing water as a main component. Using water as the main component may mean that the concentration of water in the liquid phase is 70% or more. The liquid contained in the humectant may be present in, for example, a pouch-shaped sealing member in a packaged state before the flame retardant mask is actually used. In a fire situation in which a flame-retardant mask is used, the sealing member is broken or cut through physical force or pressure, and a liquid is ejected to the outside of the sealing member, thereby converting the filter unit located in the surrounding to a wet state. As the liquid is erupted in this way, it can protect the respiratory system by covering the nose with a wet towel in case of fire and prevent inhalation of toxic gases.

In the liquid phase in the sealing member according to an embodiment of the present invention, an acid, alcohol, or diol which may be represented by the formula R-COOH, R-OH or HO-R-OH is added. Can be included as. When the acid, alcohol, or diol component is included, carbon monoxide is dissolved in an aqueous solution containing the alcohol component, so that the carbon monoxide removal effect may be further increased. In the above formula, R may be an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

In one embodiment of the present invention, when an acid, alcohol or diol component is included in the liquid in the sealing member, the concentration of the acid, alcohol or diol component may be 5 to 25%. When the concentration of the component is 5% or less, the carbon monoxide adsorption performance may be low, and when the concentration of the component is 25% or more, the storage stability may be low.

As exemplarily shown in FIG. 5, the sealing member 31 including the liquid phase is located in the inorganic compound filter unit composed of a plurality of layers. The sealing member 31 including the liquid phase may be positioned between a plurality of inorganic compound filters 32, or may be positioned at an interface of another filter unit adjacent to the inorganic compound filter unit. In addition, the sealing member 31 including the liquid may have an appropriate size so that gas can pass through the wettable member even in a broken/uncut state, or may be disposed at an appropriate position.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the sealing member including the liquid phase is located between a plurality of inorganic compound filters, but is included in the filter unit so that a structure capable of breaking or cutting the sealing member may affect I can.

The inorganic compound filter 32 may be made of a woven or non-woven fabric, and various fibers from natural fibers to chemical fibers may be used. Cellulose-based fibers such as cotton, rayon, lyocell, etc. may be preferably used because the fibers themselves are hydrophilic. Synthetic fibers derived from polyester, polypropylene, nylon, etc. can also be used, and if necessary, a moisture affinity treatment can be performed to maximize the wetting performance.

HEPA filter part

In one embodiment of the present invention, the HEPA filter unit is substantially composed of a HEPA filter. The HEPA filter is a type of high-efficiency air filter, and in order to meet the standards of the U.S. Department of Energy, 99.97% or more of particles with a particle diameter of 0.3㎛ or more must be removed. In general, the HEPA filter is composed of an assembly of irregularly arranged fibers. The fibers may be glass fibers or synthetic fibers, and the diameter of the fibers may be 0.5 to 2.0 μm. Important factors in the function of the HEPA filter include the diameter of the fiber and the thickness of the filter. The fiber pore diameter of the HEPA filter exceeds 0.3 μm. This is because the HEPA filter does not simply serve as a sieve that prevents the fiber pores from passing through the filtered particles. The process of collecting particles in the HEPA filter is a combination of mechanisms of inertial impaction, diffusion, interference, and electrostatic attraction.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the HEPA filter of the HEPA filter unit may be made of synthetic fibers, and the synthetic fibers include polyethylene, nylon, polystyrene, and the like. In one embodiment of the present invention, the synthetic fiber of the HEPA filter may be made of polystyrene.

Multi-layer filtration system

In one embodiment of the present invention, the multilayer filtration system may be stacked to include the metal catalyst filter unit, the carbon filter unit, and the inorganic compound filter unit. The system having the laminated structure according to an embodiment of the present invention may be used as a multilayer filtration system included in a filter unit for filtering harmful gases contaminated with _{CO, NOx, SOx, HCHO, NH 3} , H _{2 S, etc.} I can. In the multi-layer filtration system, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the metal catalyst filter unit 10 is located on the surface where the harmful gas is first introduced, and thereafter, the metal catalyst filter unit 20 and the carbon filter unit 30 are along the inflow direction. Can be stacked in the order of. The carbon filter unit may be a filter using activated carbon or activated carbon fiber. A metal catalyst or the like having adsorption performance may be selectively supported on the carbon filter unit regardless of the presence or absence of the metal catalyst filter unit. When the metal catalyst is supported on the carbon filter unit, the same or different catalyst as the metal catalyst filter unit may be supported.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the multilayer filtration system may include a pre-filter part, the metal catalyst filter part, the carbon filter part, and the inorganic compound filter part, and may be stacked to further include a HEPA filter part as needed. I can. The pre-filter unit may primarily filter dust having large particles, and may protect the filter unit to be laminated thereafter. The HEPA filter unit may filter activated carbon particles, metal catalyst particles, or hydroxyapatite particles, which may be generated according to the characteristics of the internal structure of the multilayer filtration system. In addition, the HEPA filter unit may filter particles having a particle size of 0.3 μm or more contained in the contaminated gas. In the multilayer filtration system according to an embodiment of the present invention, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the pre-filter unit 40 is positioned on the surface where the contaminated gas is first introduced, and thereafter, the metal catalyst filter unit 10 is located along the inflow direction. ), the carbon filter unit 20, the inorganic compound filter unit 30, and the HEPA filter unit 50 may be stacked in this order. The carbon filter unit may be a filter using activated carbon or activated carbon fiber. A metal catalyst or the like having adsorption performance may be selectively supported on the carbon filter unit regardless of the presence or absence of the metal catalyst filter unit. When the metal catalyst is supported on the carbon filter unit, the same or different catalyst as the metal catalyst filter unit may be supported.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the carbon filter unit 20 has at least one or more activated carbon or activated carbon fiber filter layers. In one embodiment of the present invention, the carbon filter unit may include a plurality of activated carbon or activated carbon fiber filter layers and a membrane between the plurality of filter layers. As illustrated in FIG. 3, when the carbon filter unit includes a two-layer activated carbon fiber filter layer, a membrane 22 is provided between the first activated carbon fiber filter 21a and the second activated carbon fiber filter 21b. Can include. When the inorganic compound filter unit 30 is converted to a wet state, the membrane 22 may block moisture so that moisture does not impair the adsorption performance of the carbon filter unit 20. In order to increase the moisture barrier effect, the membrane 22 may be hydrophobic.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the membrane 22 is not only between the activated carbon fiber filter, but also an interface between the inorganic compound filter unit and the carbon filter unit and/or other types adjacent to the carbon filter unit (for example, a metal catalyst It may be disposed on the interface of the filter unit 10 with the filter.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the membrane may be used as a packaging member supporting the main constituents in each filter unit.

As exemplarily shown in FIG. 5, the sealing member including the liquid phase may be positioned on the inorganic compound filter unit 30 including a plurality of layers of inorganic compound filters. The sealing member 31 containing the liquid phase is positioned between the plurality of inorganic compound filters 32. In addition, the sealing member 32 including the liquid may have an appropriate size so that gas can pass through the wettable member even in a broken/uncut state, or may be disposed at an appropriate position.

Filter unit

The filter unit according to an embodiment of the present invention is a filter unit including the multi-layer filtration system. The filter unit according to an embodiment of the present invention is to be mounted on the pre-filter unit, the metal catalyst filter unit, the carbon filter unit, the inorganic compound filter unit, and the HEPA filter unit, and will be mounted on a ventilation mask or gas mask, which are actual distribution products in the future. It is processed to be able to.

In addition to the filter unit, the filter unit may further include a material that blocks external moisture or contaminants in order to increase the preservability of the multilayer filtration system, and may be protected. The pollutant blocking material may be used without limitation as long as it is a material that can isolate the multi-layer filtration system from external contamination, and preferably, a material that blocks moisture in order to prevent toxic gas oxidation or impairment of adsorption performance of the multi-layer filtration system. Can be In one embodiment of the present invention, the contaminant blocking material may be a composite sheet in which a metal such as aluminum is deposited on a film made of a raw material such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene. .

Moisture-proof layer

In one embodiment of the present invention, the filter unit may include a moisture-proof layer. The moisture-proof layer together with the pollutant blocking material or moisture blocking material may block moisture that may be introduced from the outside. The moisture-proof layer can be arbitrarily disposed in the stacked structure of various filter units constituting the filter unit, but in terms of blocking external moisture, the multi-layer filtration system can be located in the filter unit before and after the pre-filter unit or the HEPA filter unit adjacent to the outside. have.

The type of desiccant that can be used is not particularly limited, but, for example, silica gel, calcium chloride, zeolite, or super absorbent polymer may be used.

The thickness of the moisture-proof layer is also not particularly limited, but may be disposed at a level of 1 mm to 10 mm in terms of securing moisture-proof performance while minimizing the effect on the performance and thickness of the filter unit.

Manufacturing Example-Portable Gas Mask

A portable gas mask was manufactured using the filter unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The portable gas mask may be manufactured in a size that is easy to carry on a usual basis. For the portable gas mask in this manufacturing example, refer to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0012174 (2019.01.30.) as a whole. The filter unit may be mounted in a cylindrical shape on a portable gas mask. As schematically shown in FIG. 6, the portable gas mask body 600 is provided in a cut conical shape (conical stand) so that a portion having a wide cross-section may be in close contact with the respiratory tract of the human body. The gas mask may include a coupling member 601 preventing separation of the filter unit on a suction surface of the harmful gas, and the coupling member 601 may include a protrusion 602. The coupling member 601 is made of a flexible member that can move in the direction of pressure when a certain pressure is applied, and when pressure is applied to the portion where the protrusion 602 is present, the sealing member 31 including the liquid can be broken. have. Therefore, if the sealing member 31 is not broken, the filter unit can be used as a dry filter, and the sealing member 31 is intentionally broken to increase the toxic gas removal effect, thereby forming the filter unit as a dry and wet mixed filter. It can be transformed and used.

A composite sheet 60 for preventing the filter unit from being contaminated from the outside is adhered to the coupling protrusion to block the intake port. In addition, the composite sheet 60 may be adhered to the HEPA filter unit adjacent to the respirator in the filter unit.

The multi-layer filtration system according to the invention can be made with a filter unit that can be used for filtering contaminated gases or liquids. The filter unit may be used for a ventilation mask device or a purification tank for a gas mask.

10: metal catalyst filter unit
20: carbon filter part
30: inorganic compound filter unit
31: humectant
40: pre-filter unit
50: HEPA filter unit
60: composite sheet
600: gas mask body
601: coupling member

Claims (21)

A filtration system having a multilayer structure comprising a metal catalyst filter unit, a carbon filter unit, and an inorganic compound filter unit,
The metal catalyst filter unit includes at least one metal selected from Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mg, Zn, Ba, Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ru, Mn, or Ti, or oxides or mixed catalysts thereof,
The carbon filter unit includes at least one of activated carbon and activated carbon fiber,
The inorganic compound filter unit will include an inorganic compound contained in a fiber substrate or a microporous membrane substrate. The multi-layer filtration system of claim 1, wherein the multi-layer filtration system further comprises at least one of a pre-filter unit and a HEPA filter unit. A filtration system having a multilayer structure comprising a metal catalyst filter unit, a carbon filter unit and an inorganic compound filter unit, and a wetting agent,
The metal catalyst filter unit includes at least one metal selected from Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mg, Zn, Ba, Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ru, Mn, or Ti, or oxides or mixed catalysts thereof,
The carbon filter unit includes at least one of activated carbon and activated carbon fiber,
The inorganic compound filter unit includes an inorganic compound contained in a fiber substrate or a microporous membrane substrate,
Wherein the wetting agent is liquid water or a liquid mixture containing at least 70% water. The multi-layer filtration system according to claim 3, wherein the multi-layer filtration system further comprises at least one of a pre-filter unit and a HEPA filter unit. 4. The multilayer filtration system of claim 3, wherein the liquid wetting agent is contained within the sealing member. The method of claim 3, wherein the liquid wetting agent further comprises an acid, alcohol, or diol represented by R-COOH, R-OH or HO-R-OH, the acid , The concentration of alcohol or diol is 30% or less, the multi-layer filtration system. (The R is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms). The method of claim 5, wherein the liquid phase in the sealing member further comprises an acid, alcohol, or diol represented by R-COOH, R-OH, or HO-R-OH, wherein the The concentration of acid, alcohol or diol is 30% or less, the multi-layer filtration system. (The R is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms). The multilayer filtration system of claim 4, wherein the multilayer filtration system is stacked in the order of a pre-filter unit, a metal catalyst filter unit, a carbon filter unit, an inorganic compound filter unit, and a HEPA filter unit along a direction in which contaminated air is introduced. system. A filtration system having a multilayer structure comprising a metal catalyst filter unit, a carbon filter unit, and an inorganic compound filter unit,
The metal catalyst filter unit includes at least one metal selected from Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mg, Zn, Ba, Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ru, Mn, or Ti, or oxides or mixed catalysts thereof,
The carbon filter unit includes at least one of activated carbon and activated carbon fiber,
The activated carbon or activated carbon fiber of the carbon filter unit is laminated in at least one layer, and further includes a membrane at an interface between the one or more activated carbon layers or activated carbon fiber layers,
Wherein the membrane is hydrophobic. The multi-layer filtration system according to claim 9, wherein the multi-layer filtration system further comprises at least one of a pre-filter unit and a HEPA filter unit. The multilayer filtration system of claim 9, wherein the hydrophobic membrane is further included at an interface of the filter unit adjacent to the carbon filter unit. The multilayer filtration of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the mixed catalyst is at least one selected from Fe-Cr-Al, 2MgO-2Al ₂ O ₃ -5SiO ₂ , or CuO-MnO ₂ system. The multilayer filtration system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the inorganic compound is at least one selected from chitosan, N-halamine, or hydroxyapatite. A filter unit comprising the multilayer filtration system according to any one of claims 1 to 11. A filter unit comprising the multilayer filtration system according to claim 12. The filter unit according to claim 14, further comprising a moisture-proof layer. The filter unit according to claim 15, further comprising a moisture-proof layer. A gas mask comprising the filter unit according to claim 14. A gas mask comprising the filter unit according to claim 15. A gas mask comprising the filter unit according to claim 16. A gas mask comprising the filter unit according to claim 17.

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