KR20250039569A - Photovoltaic series and parallel connection method using an algorithm considering solar radiation, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of photovoltaic modules - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for serial and parallel connection of solar power, and more specifically, to a system for serial and parallel connection of solar modules that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of solar modules to predict system efficiency.

Description

{Photovoltaic series and parallel connection method using an algorithm considering solar radiation, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of photovoltaic modules}

The present invention relates to a method for series and parallel connection of solar power, and more specifically, to a method for series and parallel connection of solar modules that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of solar modules to predict system efficiency.

Solar modules are connected in series to generate power, and the efficiency greatly depends on whether MPPT is controlled. The MPPT control area is determined by the series and parallel connections of solar modules, irradiance, load, and converter topology.

Therefore, it is important to determine the optimal series-parallel connection and topology of PV modules depending on the voltage and current characteristics of the desired load.

MPPT is a method of maximizing the efficiency of solar modules by tracking the maximum power point.

MPPT algorithms are used in the controller design of PV systems to control the voltage so that the PV system operates at the "maximum power point" on the voltage-power curve.

For example, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques include P&O (Perturb and Observe), INC (Incremental Conductance), CV (Constant Voltage), and LA (Linear Approximation), and track the maximum power point through the change patterns of the solar cell's output voltage (V), current (I), and power (P).

Since solar modules are mainly connected in series to generate power, the efficiency of solar power generation is greatly affected by whether MPPT control is used.

These MPPT control areas are determined by the series/parallel arrangement of solar modules, irradiance, load, and converter topology.

However, since the efficiency in a solar power generation system varies depending on the amount of sunlight available to the solar cells, shadows, the temperature of the solar panel, and the electrical characteristics of the load, MPPT has a problem in optimizing the load characteristics to maintain efficient power transfer when these conditions change.

Therefore, it became necessary to determine the optimal series/parallel connection and topology of solar modules to obtain maximum efficiency according to the voltage and current characteristics of the desired load.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a solar power source of approximately 3 kW was configured using six 450 W solar modules, and HEAT selected a rated voltage of 220 V with a capacity of 2.5 kW.

It has the characteristic that when modules are connected in series, the voltage increases, and when modules are connected in parallel, the current increases.

In general, for the MPPT control of solar modules, the selection of the solar series/parallel connection is important for loads with fixed resistance values such as heat in solar series/parallel connection devices that use an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology.

Also, when solar modules are connected in series, the voltage increases proportionally, and when connected in parallel, the current increases.

According to Ohm's law V=I*R, the resistance value of a solar module changes depending on whether it is in series or parallel.

Among these, the maximum efficiency of solar power generation can be obtained when the MPP point and the load resistance are the same.

In addition, the solar module's generated current decreases when the amount of solar irradiance decreases, so the amount of solar irradiance and the resistance value are inversely proportional.

In the present invention, MPPT is a technology used to solve various problems occurring in a solar power generation system.

Therefore, since the efficiency in a PV system varies depending on the amount of sunlight available to the PV cells, shadowing, temperature of the PV panel, and electrical characteristics of the load, MPPT can optimize the load characteristics to maintain efficient power delivery as these conditions change.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the conventional invention, it can be seen that the MPPT trackable area is different for each converter topology and that the area is determined by the maximum efficiency point, Rmpp.

As shown in FIG. 4, in a conventional invention, when there are three solar panel groups, the control unit receives the output power value of each solar panel group from the output detection unit and, if it is lower than the preset output power value, controls the switching unit so that the output of any two solar panel groups is transferred to the remaining one solar panel group. The present invention provides a solar module series-parallel conversion system for optimizing the MPPT operating voltage based on machine learning.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, the controller controls the connection state between the first to ninth arrays so that as the measured irradiance or load decreases, the number of solar modules connected in series within one array increases, and as the measured irradiance or load increases, the number of arrays connected in parallel increases.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, when the electrical connection is switched from a series-connected circuit to a parallel-connected circuit, whether to return to the series-connected circuit is determined based on the degree to which current through the external connection terminal pair or the string connected to the external connection terminal pair changes due to the switching, and the control unit provides an intelligent solar module controller characterized in that, when determining whether to return to the series-connected circuit, the control unit compares the current size detected by the current detection unit with the current size detected before the circuit switching, and if it has increased by a predetermined value or more, the parallel connection is maintained, and if not, the control unit controls itself to return to the series-connected circuit connection.

However, the above-described conventional inventions still have the problem of making it difficult to increase energy efficiency by optimizing the solar panel or array itself or finding the maximum power point of the connected load for efficient power utilization.

The present invention has been made to improve the above-mentioned problems, and the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar power series/parallel connection method using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for selecting an optimal converter topology and series/parallel connection of solar panels and for MPPT control of solar modules to predict system efficiency.

In order to achieve the above purpose, one embodiment of the present invention provides a method for serial/parallel connection of solar panels using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of solar modules to select an optimal converter topology and serial/parallel connection of solar panels and to predict system efficiency, the method comprising: a step (S201) in which a control unit receives PV module and load characteristics; a step (S202) in which a converter topology is selected by the control unit; and a step (S203) in which the control unit analyzes an MPPT trackable area, wherein the control unit analyzes a real-time MPPT possible area based on voltage and current generated by the solar panel, irradiance, and load characteristics, and changes the serial/parallel connection of a suitable solar module or adds a serial/parallel connection.

The above control unit selects a converter topology that takes into account the change in maximum power point of solar modules due to series/parallel connection and changes in irradiance.

The above control unit determines the optimal series/parallel connection and topology of the solar modules to obtain maximum efficiency based on the voltage and current characteristics of the desired load.

It is applied to the P2H system through the above control unit.

The present invention relates to a solar power series-parallel connection device that uses an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of a solar module to predict system efficiency by selecting an optimal converter topology and analyzing an MPPT trackable area, and further includes a step (S204) of measuring irradiance and power after analyzing the MPPT trackable area; and a control unit changes the series-parallel connection based on irradiance after measuring the irradiance and power.

After the above-mentioned solar irradiance and power measurement step (S204), the solar module series and parallel connection step (S205) is further included.

By analyzing the above MPPT trackable area, after measuring the irradiance and power, the reference point for each converter is determined based on the irradiance of a suitable solar module, and the series/parallel connection based on the irradiance is changed.

The present invention comprises a step of measuring irradiance and power of a solar module in a Buck converter algorithm (S301); a step of checking whether the measured irradiance is > 1 point (S302); a step of checking whether the measured irradiance is > 1 point, a step of checking whether the PV MPP is > Load MPP (S303); a step of maintaining a connection (S304) if the PV MPP is > Load MPP; a step of increasing a series connection/decreasing a parallel connection (S305) if the PV MPP is not > Load MPP; a step of checking whether the measured irradiance is > 2 points (S306); a step of decreasing a series connection/increasing a parallel connection (S307) if the measured irradiance is > 2 points; and a step of enabling maximum output/series-parallel connection (S308) if the measured irradiance is not > 2 points.

The above point 1 is the irradiance point where the current values of the series connection and the series-parallel connection are the same, and point 2 is the irradiance point where the current values of the series connection and the parallel connection are the same.

In the Boost converter algorithm, the method includes: a step of measuring irradiance and power of a solar module (S401); a step of checking whether the measured irradiance is > 1 point (S402); a step of checking whether PV MPP < Load MPP (S403); a step of maintaining a connection (S404) if PV MPP < Load MPP; a step of decreasing series connection/increasing parallel connection (S405) if PV MPP is not < Load MPP; a step of checking whether the measured irradiance is > 2 points (S406) if the measured irradiance is not > 1 point; a step of checking whether the measured irradiance is > 2 points (S408) if the measured irradiance is not > 2 points, a step of decreasing series connection and increasing parallel connection (S407) if the measured irradiance is > 2 points.

The above point 1 is the point of irradiance where the voltage values of the series connection and the series-parallel connection are the same, and point 2 is the point of irradiance where the voltage values of the series connection and the parallel connection are the same.

The present invention relates to a method for serial and parallel connection of solar power modules using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of solar modules through a control unit, the method comprising: a converter topology selection step (S501) for analyzing an MPPT traceable area; in the case of a Buck algorithm (S502), a step of checking whether measured irradiance > a set value (S503); if the measured irradiance > the set value, a step of checking whether PV MPP > Load MPP (S504); if PV MPP > Load MPP, a connection maintenance step (S505); if the measured irradiance > the set value, a series connection decrease/parallel connection increase step (S507); and if PV MPP > Load MPP, a series connection increase/parallel connection decrease step (S506).

In the converter topology selection step (S501), in the case of the Boost algorithm (S508), the steps include: a step (S509) of checking whether the measured irradiance is greater than the set value; a step (S510) of checking whether the PV MPP is less than the Load MPP if the measured irradiance is greater than the set value; a step (S512) of decreasing the series connection/increasing the parallel connection if the measured irradiance is not greater than the set value; a step (S511) of maintaining the connection if the PV MPP is less than the Load MPP; and a step (S513) of decreasing the series connection/increasing the parallel connection if the PV MPP is not less than the Load MPP.

The control unit uses the P2H (Power to Heat) system to convert surplus renewable energy power into heat and store and supply it to the load to resolve power system volatility caused by the expansion of renewable energy.

As the maximum power point of a solar module changes depending on the series/parallel connection and changes in solar irradiance, the control unit selects a corresponding converter topology.

When the above control unit requires high voltage, it connects the Buck converter and the solar module in series, and when it requires high current, it connects the Boost converter and the solar module in parallel.

A step of analyzing the real-time MPPT possible area based on the voltage and current, irradiance, and load characteristics generated from the solar panel through the control unit and changing the series/parallel connection of an appropriate solar module or adding a series/parallel connection; A step of learning the change trend distribution data and the change trend pattern data of the output power data of the solar module through the machine learning analysis, change, and connection server, and using the environmental data of the solar incidence angle, weather, and illuminance sensing according to the sun's position in the four seasons, thereby improving the judgment accuracy by learning whether the current output power data trend is the trend data before sunset, the trend data before sunrise, or the trend data of a cloudy or rainy day.

The above control unit analyzes the output characteristics of solar modules considering the converter topology according to changes in solar irradiance for application of a P2H system with a fixed load.

The above control unit controls the resistance value on the solar module side to exist in a range where MPPT tracking is possible, thereby operating as a stable system.

The above machine learning analysis, change and connection server learns that the maximum power point of a solar module changes nonlinearly depending on irradiance, load, and series and parallel connections of the modules.

The above machine learning analysis, change and connection server can obtain high output in the case of low irradiance in the buck converter through series and parallel connection, and in the case of high irradiance in the series connection, and the boost converter can obtain high output in the case of parallel and series and parallel connection.

Learn how to select series, parallel, or parallel connection depending on the voltage and current characteristics of the solar module system.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, MPPT can be used to optimize a solar system by tracking the maximum power point of a solar module.

In addition, the present invention enables the buck converter and the boost converter to track MPPT in a specific region, thereby enabling control up to the maximum power point and ensuring high efficiency.

In addition, the present invention determines that the resistance value of a solar module varies depending on the series/parallel connection, and that maximum solar power generation efficiency can be obtained when the maximum power point (MPP) and the load resistance match.

Additionally, according to one embodiment of the present invention, energy efficiency can be improved by optimizing the solar panel or array itself to extract maximum power from incident light, or by finding the maximum power point of a connected load for efficient power utilization.

Figure 1 is a drawing showing an example of a series-parallel change of a solar power generation module.
Figure 2 is a graph diagram showing an overview of the series and parallel connection of solar modules.
Figure 3 is a diagram showing the MPPT trackable area for each converter topology.
Figure 4 is a drawing showing a solar module serial-parallel conversion system according to a conventional invention.
Figure 5 is a drawing showing a solar power generation system using a serial-parallel variable array according to a conventional invention.
Figure 6 is a drawing showing an intelligent solar module controller according to the prior art invention.
Figure 7 is a diagram showing the experimental results for each converter topology.
Figure 8 is a diagram showing the results of a buck converter simulation.
Figure 9 is a diagram showing the experimental results for each Boost converter topology.
Figure 10 is a diagram showing the boost converter simulation results.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram schematically showing the relationship between components implementing one embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 is a flowchart showing a method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 13 is a flowchart showing a method according to two embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 14 is a flowchart showing a method according to three embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 15 is a flowchart showing a method according to four embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 16 is a flowchart showing a method according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

The present invention as described above will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings and examples.

It should be noted that the technical terms used in the present invention are only used to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical terms used in the present invention should be interpreted as having a meaning generally understood by a person having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, unless specifically defined to have a different meaning in the present invention, and should not be interpreted in an excessively comprehensive or excessively narrow meaning. In addition, when the technical terms used in the present invention are incorrect technical terms that do not accurately express the idea of the present invention, they should be replaced with technical terms that can be correctly understood by a person skilled in the art and understood. In addition, the general terms used in the present invention should be interpreted as defined in the dictionary or according to the context, and should not be interpreted in an excessively narrow meaning.

In addition, the singular expressions used in the present invention include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In the present invention, the terms "consisting of" or "comprising" should not be construed as necessarily including all of the various components or various steps described in the invention, and should be construed as not including some of the components or some of the steps, or may further include additional components or steps.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Regardless of the drawing symbols, identical or similar components are given the same reference numerals and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted.

In addition, when explaining the present invention, if it is judged that a detailed description of a related known technology may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, it should be noted that the attached drawings are only intended to facilitate easy understanding of the idea of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the idea of the present invention by the attached drawings.

Figures 7 and 9 are diagrams showing the MPPT trackable areas of a buck converter and a boost converter.

High efficiency and stable system operation are possible only when the resistance value on the solar module side is within the range where MPPT tracking is possible.

Buck converters are capable of MPPT tracking from the open circuit voltage, which is the minimum efficiency point, to the maximum efficiency point, which is the angle calculated as the inverse of the load resistance.

Boost converters are capable of MPPT tracking from zero voltage, which is the minimum efficiency point, to the maximum efficiency point, which is the angle calculated as the inverse of the load resistance.

Buck converters can track MPPT in the region between the maximum efficiency point and the open circuit voltage, while Boost converters can track MPPT in the region between zero voltage and the maximum efficiency point. Therefore, the converter topology must be selected by considering the load resistance and the resistance value on the solar module side according to the series/parallel connection.

In the present invention, the operations related to control are defined as being processed by the control unit.

Also, for terms such as PV MPP and Load MPP, it would be preferable to express them as subscripts, but for convenience, they are expressed in capital letters.

As shown in Figs. 8 and 10, the output characteristics of the buck converter and the boost converter according to the irradiance conditions are shown. A simulation was conducted for a total of six solar modules according to four connection conditions: six in series, two in series and three in parallel, three in series and two in parallel, and six in parallel.

The buck converter was used to track the maximum power point when three solar modules were connected in series and two in parallel at points with low irradiance, and it was confirmed that it had higher voltage and current characteristics compared to other conditions.

At high irradiance points, it was confirmed that the maximum power point was traced when 6 series were connected, showing the advantage of high power and voltage characteristics.

Boost converters exhibit high power characteristics when connected in 2 series and 3 parallel, 3 series and 2 parallel, and 6 parallel. When high voltage is required, 3 series and 2 parallel is advantageous, and when high current is required, 6 parallel is advantageous.

Since the efficiency of a PV system varies depending on the amount of sunlight available to the PV cells, shading, the temperature of the PV panels, and the electrical characteristics of the load, MPPT can optimize the load characteristics to maintain efficient power delivery as these conditions change.

To achieve this, the circuit presents the optimal load to the solar cell and then converts the voltage, current or frequency to suit other devices or systems.

In a photovoltaic system, MPP stands for maximum power point. It is the operating point at which a photovoltaic (PV) module or array produces maximum power output for a given set of conditions, such as temperature and irradiance.

To explain, PV MPP (Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point) refers to finding the maximum power point of a solar panel or array itself.

This involves optimizing the electrical characteristics of the PV system to extract the maximum power available from solar irradiance.

PV MPP is very important to achieve the highest possible energy conversion efficiency and optimize the power output of solar panels.

Also, Load MPP (Load Maximum Power Point) refers to finding the maximum power point of the load connected to the solar power generation system. In this case, the load can be an electrical device or equipment that consumes power from the solar power system. By operating the load at the maximum power point, the system can maximize the utilization of available power.

In summary, PV MPP focuses on optimizing the PV panel or array to extract maximum power from the incoming sunlight, while Load MPP focuses on finding the maximum power point of the load itself to efficiently utilize the generated solar power.

PV MPP and Load MPP are important considerations for maximizing energy production and optimizing power utilization in solar power systems.

As an example, the present invention relates to a solar power series-parallel connection device that uses an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for selecting an optimal converter topology and solar power series-parallel connection and for MPPT control of a solar power module to predict system efficiency.

As illustrated in Figure 11, the P2H system is a system that produces hot water by heating a heater with solar power remaining after supply, converts surplus power into heat, and stores and supplies it.

A solar power source of approximately 3 kW was configured using six 450 W solar modules, and a heater load of 2.5 kW capacity and rated voltage of 220 V was selected.

To generate power at the maximum power point during solar power generation, the DC-DC Converter is controlled using the P&O MPPT control method.

Specifically, the present invention includes a solar panel (11, 12) which is connected to a solar module series/parallel switch (15) and capable of series/parallel control; a power calculation module (16) which calculates power of the solar panel (11, 12); an MPPT algorithm module (17) which includes an MPPT algorithm for generating power at the maximum power point during power generation of the solar panel (11, 12); a DC-DC converter (13) which is controlled by the MPPT algorithm module (17) to convert and transmit power to a HEAT module (14); and a P&O module (18) which compares currently measured voltage and current values with previously measured voltage and current values through power calculation by the power calculation module (16) and MPPT control by the MPPT algorithm module (17) to periodically increase and decrease the voltage and track the maximum power point so as to obtain a power generation efficiency of a certain level or higher.

As illustrated in FIG. 12, the present invention includes a load characteristic input step (S101); a solar module characteristic input step (S102); an MPPT traceable area analysis step (S103); an optimal converter topology/solar power series/parallel connection selection step (S104); a system efficiency prediction step (S105); etc.

The above processes are a series of steps to select the optimal converter topology and PV series connection and to predict the system efficiency.

As illustrated in FIG. 13, as an embodiment, the present invention can select an optimal converter topology and solar series connection and predict system efficiency through the steps of inputting PV module and load characteristics (S201); selecting an optimal converter topology (S202); and analyzing an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) trackable area (S203).

That is, since the maximum power point of a solar module changes due to series/parallel connection and changes in irradiance, a converter topology must be selected that takes this into account.

The maximum power point (MPP) of the above solar modules can change due to series/parallel connections and changes in irradiance. Therefore, it is important to select a converter topology that takes this into account in order to achieve optimal power transfer. To this end, in step S202, the converter topology is selected by considering the characteristics of the solar module and the MPPT function.

System and device for determining the optimal series/parallel connection and topology of solar modules to obtain maximum efficiency according to the voltage and current characteristics of the desired load

MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) function is required to determine the optimal series/parallel connection of solar modules and converter topology to obtain maximum efficiency according to the voltage and current characteristics of the desired load.

For this purpose, in step S203, the system and device capable of performing the MPPT function are determined. This allows the optimal series/parallel connection of solar modules and converter topology to be determined.

As another embodiment, the present invention provides a solar power series-parallel connection device using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of solar modules to select an optimal converter topology, analyze an MPPT trackable area, and predict system efficiency.

To this end, the present invention further includes a step (S204) of measuring solar irradiance and power after analyzing the MPPT trackable area.

Therefore, after the above irradiance and power measurements, the series/parallel connection based on the irradiance can be changed, and in step S201, the load characteristics can be input, and the system can be designed by considering the characteristics of the PV module for this.

In step S202, the converter topology is selected by considering the load characteristics entered in step S201 and the characteristics of the PV module. This enables optimal power transfer.

In step S203, the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) function is performed to analyze the trackable area. This allows power to be supplied while maintaining maximum power output.

Finally, through this process, it is possible to introduce a P2H system.

That is, through the above process, the P2H system can be introduced into the solar module system. In step S201, the system is designed by considering the load characteristics and the characteristics of the PV module. Then, in step S202, the converter topology is selected for optimal power transmission. Finally, in step S203, the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) function is utilized to supply power while maintaining the maximum power output.

By introducing the P2H system through this process, renewable energy can be utilized more efficiently. In addition, the P2H system can provide flexibility in the electricity market and reduce the allowable amount of renewable energy.

As another embodiment, the present invention further includes a step of connecting solar modules in series and in parallel (S205) after the step of measuring the amount of solar radiation and power (S204).

By analyzing the above MPPT trackable area, after measuring the irradiance and power, the reference point for each converter is determined based on the irradiance of a suitable solar module, and the series/parallel connection based on the irradiance is changed.

As illustrated in FIG. 14, as an embodiment, the present invention includes a step of measuring irradiance and power of a solar module (S301) in a Buck converter algorithm; a step of checking whether the measured irradiance is > 1 point (S302); a step of checking whether the measured irradiance is > 1 point, a step of checking whether the PV MPP is > Load MPP (S303); a step of maintaining a connection (S304) if the PV MPP is > Load MPP; a step of increasing a series connection/decreasing a parallel connection (S305) if the PV MPP is not > Load MPP; a step of checking whether the measured irradiance is > 2 points (S306); a step of decreasing a series connection/increasing a parallel connection (S307) if the measured irradiance is > 2 points; a step of enabling maximum output/series-parallel connection (S308) if the measured irradiance is not > 2 points; etc.

In other words, the electrical energy generated from the solar module is generated in the direct current mode, but since home appliances and electronic devices generally used operate in the alternating current mode, a converter that converts the direct current to alternating current is required. The most commonly used one is the Buck converter, and the Buck converter operates by lowering the input voltage to create the output voltage.

The Buck converter algorithm used in the present invention is as follows.

1. Receive power generated from PV modules.

2. Switch the input power at a constant frequency to create an output voltage through a transformer.

(At this time, if V_out is higher than the set value, the duty cycle is slightly reduced.

If V_out is lower than the set value, slightly increase the duty cycle.)

This Buck converter algorithm can supply power generated from solar modules to the load.

For example, in a solar module system, irradiance measurement is very important. Irradiance measurement is necessary to maintain the output power of the PV module at its maximum. Therefore, irradiance measurement can maintain the optimal output power.

The solar irradiance measurement process is as follows:

(1) Measure solar irradiance and power at step S301.

(2) In step S302, the amount of solar radiation is measured at point 1 where the current values of the series connection and the series-parallel connection are the same.

(3) In step S306, the amount of solar radiation is measured at two points where the current values of the series connection and the parallel connection are the same.

Based on the results of the solar irradiance measurement, the following connection methods can be selected:

(1) In step S303, the MPP (Maximum Power Point) of the PV module and the Load MPP are compared to maintain the optimal output power.

(2) In step S304, the connection state is maintained.

(3) In step S305, the series connection is increased and the parallel connection is decreased based on the measured irradiance results.

(4) In step S307, the series connection is reduced and the parallel connection is increased based on the measured irradiance results.

(5) In step S308, the maximum output power is calculated and the series/parallel connection method is selected based on this.

In this way, the optimal output power can be maintained in the solar module system.

Here, point 1 is the irradiance point where the current values of the series connection and the series-parallel connection are the same, and point 2 is the irradiance point where the current values of the series connection and the parallel connection are the same.

As illustrated in FIG. 15, as an embodiment, the present invention includes a step of measuring irradiance and power of a solar module (S401), in a Boost converter algorithm; a step of checking whether the measured irradiance is > 1 point (S402); a step of checking whether PV MPP < Load MPP (S403); a step of maintaining a connection (S404) if PV MPP < Load MPP; a step of decreasing series connection/increasing parallel connection (S405) if PV MPP is not < Load MPP; a step of checking whether the measured irradiance is > 2 points (S406) if the measured irradiance is not > 1 point; a step of checking whether the measured irradiance is > 2 points (S408), a maximum output possible series-parallel connection step (S408); a step of decreasing series connection and increasing parallel connection (S407) if the measured irradiance is > 2 points; etc.

Here, point 1 is the irradiance point where the voltage values of the series connection and the series-parallel connection are the same, and point 2 is the irradiance point where the voltage values of the series connection and the parallel connection are the same.

As illustrated in FIG. 16, as an embodiment, the present invention includes a converter topology selection step (S501) for MPPT traceable region analysis; in the case of the Buck algorithm (S502), a step of checking whether measured irradiance > set value (S503); a step of checking whether PV MPP > Load MPP (S504); a connection maintenance step (S505); a series connection increase/parallel connection decrease step (S506); a series connection decrease/parallel connection increase step (S507); etc.

After analyzing the MPPT trackable region above, an appropriate converter topology is selected.

That is, by selecting the appropriate one among Buck (S502) or Boost (S508), when the measured irradiance is higher than the set value (S503), the series connection decrease/parallel connection increase (S507) is performed so that PV MPP > Load MPP (S501). When the measured irradiance is lower than the set value (S509), the series connection increase/parallel connection decrease (S506) is performed so that PV MPP < Load MPP (S510). In order to maintain the connection state (S505, S511), the series connection decrease/parallel connection increase (S513) is performed.

In the above converter topology selection step (S501), an appropriate topology is selected among the Buck (S502) or Boost (S508) converter.

A buck converter is a device that lowers the input voltage to create an output voltage. It switches the input power at a constant frequency to create an output voltage through a transformer and supplies it to the load.

A boost converter is a method of generating output voltage by increasing the input voltage. It switches the input power at a constant frequency to generate output voltage through a transformer and supplies it to the load.

In the step of Measured Irradiance > Set Value (S503), if the measured irradiance exceeds the set value, the MPP of the PV module is greater than the Load MPP (S501), so the series connection is reduced or the parallel connection is increased to maximize the output power of the PV module.

In the step of Measured Irradiance > Set Value (S509), if the measured irradiance value is less than the set value, the MPP of the PV module is less than the Load MPP (S501), so the series connection is increased or the parallel connection is decreased to maximize the output power of the PV module.

In the connection maintenance (S511) step, the MPP of the PV module is the same as the Load MPP, so the connection state is maintained.

In the series connection increase/parallel connection decrease (S506) step, the output power of the PV module exceeds the maximum, so the series connection is increased or the parallel connection is decreased to maximize the output power of the PV module.

In the steps of reducing the series connection/increasing the parallel connection (S507) and reducing the series connection/increasing the parallel connection (S513), the output power of the PV module exceeds the maximum, so the series connection is reduced or the parallel connection is increased to maximize the output power of the PV module. Through this process, the MPPT technology can increase the efficiency and stability of the solar power generation system.

As shown on the right side of FIG. 16, as an embodiment, the present invention includes a converter topology selection step (S501); in the case of the Boost algorithm (S508), a step of checking whether measured irradiance is greater than a set value (S509); if measured irradiance is greater than the set value, a step of checking whether PV MPP is less than Load MPP (S510); if measured irradiance is not greater than the set value, a series connection reduction/parallel connection increase step (S512); if PV MPP is less than Load MPP, a connection maintenance step (S511); if PV MPP is not less than Load MPP, a series connection reduction/parallel connection increase step (S513); etc.

Therefore, under conditions of very high irradiance, all solar modules can be connected in series to increase the voltage, and under conditions of very low irradiance, all solar modules can be connected in parallel to increase the current, so that the solar power generation system can track the maximum power point and produce maximum power under all conditions.

11, 12 : Solar Panel
13 : DC-DC Converter
14 : HEAT module
15: Solar module series/parallel switch
16: Power calculation module
17: MPPT algorithm module
18 : P&O Module

Claims (21)

In the method of photovoltaic series-parallel connection using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for selecting the optimal converter topology and series-parallel connection of solar panels and for MPPT control of solar modules to predict system efficiency,
Step (S201) where the control unit receives PV module and load characteristics;
Converter topology selection step by control unit (S202);
Including the step (S203) in which the control unit analyzes the MPPT traceable area;
A solar power series-parallel connection method using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of a solar power module, characterized in that the control unit analyzes a real-time MPPT possible area based on voltage and current generated from the solar panel, irradiance, and load characteristics, and changes the series-parallel connection of the corresponding solar power module or adds a series-parallel connection.
In claim 1,
A solar power series/parallel connection method using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of a solar power module, characterized in that the control unit selects a converter topology that takes into account changes in the maximum power point of the solar power module due to changes in the series/parallel connection and irradiance of the solar power module.
In claim 1,
A solar power series-parallel connection method using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of solar modules, characterized in that the control unit determines the optimal series-parallel connection and topology of solar modules that can obtain maximum efficiency according to the voltage and current characteristics of the desired load.
In claim 1,
A solar power series-parallel connection method using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of a solar power module characterized in that it is applied to a P2H system through the above control unit.
In a solar power series-parallel connection device, an algorithm is used to control the MPPT of solar modules by considering irradiance, load, and converter topology to select the optimal converter topology, analyze the MPPT trackable area, and predict the system efficiency.
After analyzing the above MPPT trackable area, the step of measuring solar irradiance and power (S204) is further included;
A solar power series-parallel connection method using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of a solar power module, characterized in that the control unit changes the series-parallel connection based on irradiance after measuring the irradiance and power.
In claim 5,
A method for serial and parallel connection of solar modules using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of solar modules, characterized in that it further includes a step of serial and parallel connection of solar modules (S205) after the step of measuring irradiance and power (S204).
In claim 5 or claim 6,
A solar power series-parallel connection method using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of a solar module, characterized in that the MPPT trackable area is analyzed, the irradiance and power are measured, and then a reference point for each converter is determined according to the irradiance of the corresponding solar module, and the series-parallel connection is changed based on the irradiance.
In the Buck converter algorithm,
Step of measuring solar irradiance and power of solar module (S301);
Step (S302) to check whether the measured solar radiation is > 1 point;
If the measured irradiance > 1 point, step (S303) to check whether PV MPP > Load MPP;
If PV MPP > Load MPP, then connection maintenance step (S304);
If PV MPP > Load MPP, then increase series connection/decrease parallel connection step (S305);
Step (S306) to check whether the measured solar radiation is > 2 points;
If the measured irradiance > 2 points, the series connection decreases/parallel connection increases step (S307);
A method for series/parallel connection of solar modules using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of solar modules including the step of series/parallel connection (S308) when measured irradiance > 2 points;
In claim 8,
A solar power series-parallel connection method using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of a solar power module, characterized in that the above 1 point is a point of irradiance where the current values of the series connection and the series-parallel connection are the same, and the 2nd point is a point of irradiance where the current values of the series connection and the parallel connection are the same.
In the Boost converter algorithm,
Solar irradiance and power measurement step (S401) for measuring solar irradiance and power of a solar module;
Step (S402) to check whether the measured solar radiation is > 1 point;
Step (S403) to check whether PV MPP < Load MPP;
If PV MPP < Load MPP, maintain connection step (S404);
If PV MPP < Load MPP, then serial connection decrease/parallel connection increase step (S405);
If the measured irradiance is not > 1 point, step (S406) of checking whether the measured irradiance is > 2 points;
If the measured irradiance is not > 2 points, the maximum output possible series/parallel connection step (S408);
A solar power series-parallel connection method using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of a solar power module, including a step of decreasing series connection and increasing parallel connection (S407) when measured irradiance > 2 points.
In claim 10,
A solar power series-parallel connection method using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of a solar power module, characterized in that the above 1 point is a point of irradiance where the voltage values of the series connection and the series-parallel connection are the same, and the 2nd point is a point of irradiance where the voltage values of the series connection and the parallel connection are the same.
In the solar power series-parallel connection method using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of solar power modules through a control unit,
In the converter topology selection step (S501) for MPPT tracking area analysis, in the case of the Buck algorithm (S502),
Step for checking whether the measured irradiance is equal to the set value (S503);
Step (S504) to check whether PV MPP > Load MPP when measured irradiance > set value;
If PV MPP > Load MPP, then connection maintenance step (S505);
If the measured irradiance is not equal to the set value, the series connection decreases/parallel connection increases step (S507);
A method for controlling MPPT of solar modules by using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology, including a series connection increase/parallel connection decrease step (S506) if PV MPP > Load MPP.
In claim 12,
In the converter topology selection step (S501); in the case of the Boost algorithm (S508),
Step for checking whether the measured irradiance is equal to the set value (S509);
Step (S510) to check if PV MPP < Load MPP when measured irradiance > set value;
If the measured irradiance is not equal to the set value, the series connection decreases/parallel connection increases step (S512);
If PV MPP < Load MPP, maintain connection step (S511);
A method for photovoltaic series/parallel connection using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of photovoltaic modules, including a series connection decrease/parallel connection increase step (S513) when PV MPP < Load MPP.
In claim 12,
A method for series and parallel connection of solar power using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of solar power modules, characterized in that the control unit converts surplus power of renewable energy into heat and stores and supplies it to the load to resolve power system volatility due to expansion of renewable energy using a P2H (Power to Heat) system.
In claim 12,
A solar power series/parallel connection method using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of a solar power module, characterized in that when the maximum power point of a solar power module changes according to series/parallel connection and change in irradiance, the control unit selects a converter topology corresponding thereto.
In claim 12,
A method for series-parallel connection of solar power modules using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of solar power modules, characterized in that the control unit connects a buck converter and solar power modules in series when the load requires a voltage higher than a certain value, and connects a boost converter and solar power modules in parallel when the load requires a current higher than a certain value.
A step of analyzing the real-time MPPT possible area based on the voltage and current, irradiance, and load characteristics generated from the solar module through the control unit and changing the series/parallel connection of the corresponding solar module or adding a series/parallel connection;
A method for series-parallel connection of solar power modules using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of solar modules, including: a step of learning change trend distribution data and change trend pattern data of solar module output power data through a machine learning analysis, change, and connection server, and thereby improving judgment accuracy by learning whether the current output power data trend is trend data before sunset, trend data before sunrise, or trend data of a cloudy or rainy day using environmental data of solar incidence angle, weather, and illuminance sensing according to the sun's position in each season;
In claim 17,
A method for serial and parallel connection of solar power modules using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of solar modules, characterized in that the control unit analyzes the output characteristics of solar power modules considering converter topology according to changes in irradiance for application of a P2H system with a fixed load.
In claim 17,
A solar power series-parallel connection method using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of a solar power module, characterized in that the control unit controls the resistance value of the solar power module side to exist in a range where MPPT tracking is possible, thereby operating as a stable system.
In claim 17,
A method for series and parallel connection of solar power modules using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of solar modules, characterized in that the machine learning analysis, change, and connection server learns that the maximum power point of the solar power module changes nonlinearly depending on irradiance, load, and series and parallel connection of modules.
In claim 17,
The above machine learning analysis, change and connection server is that when the irradiance is below a certain level, the buck converter can obtain a certain output or more through a series/parallel connection, and when the irradiance is above a certain level, a series connection is advantageous, and the boost converter can obtain a certain output or more through a parallel and series/parallel connection.
A solar power series-parallel connection method using an algorithm that considers irradiance, load, and converter topology for MPPT control of solar modules, characterized in that it learns to select a series-parallel or parallel connection according to the voltage and current characteristics of the solar power module.