RU2366538C2 - Isostatic - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: isostatic consists of load frame with poles and cross bars arranged to perform horizontal displacement and of container closed on ends with upper and lower plugs. A tank is installed inside the container; the tank is designed to be filled with liquid and to receive a work piece. The installation also contains a vacuum pump connected with working space of the container, and a unit for loading-unloading the work piece made in form of a carriage designed to perform vertical travels along guides of the load frame; the installation further contains elements interacting with the lower plug. The container is assembled on vertical supports of a bridge by means of horizontal beams connected to a lower flange of the container and not projecting beyond limits of the flange. Rods of vertical travel of the carriage are arranged on the carriage and the lower cross bar. The container is equipped with a bushing with contact cone surface, while elements of interaction of the carriage with the lower plug are made in form of knife gripping devices. Also an induction bottom heater and a stand are installed in the lower plug.

EFFECT: reduced weight of isostatic, reduced load on bearings and rollers of frame, and increased active work piece surface of heating.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for processing materials under the combined effect of pressure and temperature generated in a gas-liquid system, and can most effectively be used to compact discrete and continuous materials at temperatures up to 100 ° C and pressures up to 200 MPa.

As an analogue, patent for invention No. 2151026 (class B22F 3/14, B22F 3/15 of November 10, 1999) “Isostat for processing materials in liquids” can be used. The disadvantage of the analogue is that the processed material is placed in a vessel filled with water, having a large open area of its upper end, which at temperatures above 100 ° C and a pressure below the critical level leads to active vaporization, and when steam comes in contact with the cooled walls of the container and plugs, condensation. The process of vaporization also takes place at a temperature of 100 ° C and higher in a wide range of vacuum pressure (from 0.1 to 0.03 MPa), which is practically used in the process of pumping working gas from the isostat chamber before removing the processed workpiece from it. In both cases, the condensate formed settles on the elements of the bottom heater and destroys them.

The prototype of the invention is an isostat described in the copyright certificate No. 1292258, class. B22F 3/04, 3/14, F27B 14/00 dated 04/08/1985. The prototype isostat contains a power bed, a container closed from the ends with stoppers, fixed to horizontal beams passing outside (on the sides) of its lower flange, the loading unit is the unloading of the blanks is made in the form of a frame vertically moving in guides rigidly connected with the power bed, and the support of the lower tube is made in the form of a platform fixed in the lower part of the frame and cantilevered in the direction of movement of the bed.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that when attaching the horizontal beams of the bridge to the side surfaces of the lower flange of the container, the distance between the racks of the power bed increases, while its mass increases significantly. Another disadvantage of the prototype is that as you lower the frame with the lower cork and the workpiece mounted cantilever on the platform frame, the load on the bearings and rollers remaining in contact with the frame increases. In the lower position of the tube, the full load is perceived by a limited number of rollers, which in the case of processing workpieces of significant mass in large industrial isostats leads to rapid wear and destruction of their bearings.

In addition, the frame displacement drive is made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder located asymmetrically to the axis of the power bed, which causes a skew and complication of entering the lower plug into the container.

Another disadvantage of the prototype is the lack of means for centering the vessel with the workpiece on the bottom tube, making it difficult to load it into a container with a guaranteed comprehensive between the inner wall of the container and the vessel.

The task of the invention is to remedy the aforementioned disadvantages and create an isostat that is easier to maintain with a long duration.

The technical effect achieved at the same time: reduction of the mass of the isostat, reduction of the load on the bearings and rollers of the frame, increase in the active surface of the heating of the workpiece with the possibility of centering, improvement of the service and operation conditions of the machine.

The fulfillment of the task and the resulting technical effect are ensured by the fact that in the proposed design of the isostat the front and rear planes of the lower flange of the container are connected to the horizontal beams of the bridge, not exceeding the dimensions of the flange, thereby lowering the end face of the container for maintenance and reducing the distance between the racks power frame, which allows to reduce its weight, and the power frame, moved along the rails, is connected to a hydraulic cylinder mounted on the basis of the isostat. The workpiece loading mechanism is made in the form of a closed carriage, vertically moved along the guides of the frame, used as the basic element of this mechanism, with the help of two symmetrically located hydraulic cylinders and rack and pinion gears, whose rails are placed on the carriage and the power bed, with all the rollers during the course of the carriage are in contact with the guides, and the load on the bearings does not change during its movement from the lowest position to the upper and vice versa. The structural elements of the carriage interacting with the lower plug are made in the form of knife grips located with gaps in the grooves of the lower plug, which provide the possibility of longitudinal-transverse displacement during its self-centering when interacting with the guide conical surface of the container sleeve. The induction bottom heater is made conical or curved (spherical, parabolic or hyperbolic) in order to increase its active heating surface and to center the vessel with the workpiece relative to the lower tube.

The isostat (Fig. 1) contains a container 1 with the top 2 and bottom 3 plugs placed in it and hermetically sealed, a power bed 4 (Fig. 3) with struts 5 and crossbars 6 fastened by a winding from high-strength tape 7 (Fig. 2).

The container 1, using horizontal beams 8 and 9 connected to its lower flange 10, is mounted on the vertical supports 11 of the bridge 12. In the transverse direction (across the direction of movement of the frame), the beams 8 and 9 do not go beyond the dimensions of the rectangular lower flange 10 of the container.

The isostat loading unit is made in the form of a carriage 13 (Fig. 3), moving vertically along four guides 14 of the power bed with the help of two hydraulic cylinders 15 and rack and pinion gears. In the lower part of the carriage, there are two knife grips 17, which are installed in the grooves of the lower tube with horizontal and vertical clearances 16, which provide self-centering of the tube in contact with the conical guide surface 25 of the container sleeve.

Two (left and right) racks are fixed on the front sheet of the carriage 18. The same rails 19 are mounted on the lower crossbar of the power frame above the left and right hydraulic cylinders 15. Both pairs of rails are engaged with gears 20 mounted on the ends of the rods of hydraulic cylinders 15.

A conical stand 21 is mounted on the bottom plug, inside of which there is a bottom induction heater 22. Between the heater and the bottom plug there is a thermal insulation 29, which reduces the heat flux from the heater to the plug body. The heater is protected from the damaging effects of the splashing liquid and the condensation formed by the shell 30 mounted on the stand. The use of a cone stand and a heater ensures the centering of the tank 23 filled with water with the workpiece 24 on the bottom plug.

The container is made in the form of a smooth sleeve 31, pre-compressed with a bandage of high strength tape 32.

To reduce the surface of evaporation of the liquid and the possibility of splashing when loading and unloading the workpiece around it is installed inner cap 27 with a sealed upper end. To collect condensate, an annular pocket 28 is provided at the bottom of the chamber, from which condensate is removed after the end of the working cycle and the opening of the working chamber.

The internal space of the isostat working chamber is connected to a vacuum pump 26, which creates a vacuum in it sufficient to hold the bottom plug in a state pressed to the end of the container sleeve when moving the frame from the loading position of the workpiece to the container axis and back.

The operation of the isostat is as follows.

The frame is in the extreme right position (Fig. 3), the carriage together with the lower plug are lowered to the lowermost position (loading position). A tank 23 is installed on the conical stand 21 of the lower plug. The workpiece 24 is lowered into the tank using a crane, and then the inner cap 27. The tank is filled with liquid (water) to the required level. Then, using the hydraulic cylinder 31 mounted on the base of the isostat and connected by its rod to the frame, it moves to the leftmost position, with the lower plug with the tank located on the axis of the container. The hydraulic cylinders 15 are turned on, moving the tank with the workpiece inside the isostat working chamber. Upon contact of the lower plug with the conical guide surface 25 of the container sleeve, it self-installs due to the gaps 16 between the knife grips 17 and the grooves of the tube, creating a uniform comprehensive gap between the container sleeve and the tank 23. The vacuum pump 26 is turned on, the necessary vacuum is created inside the container, while both tubes are pulled inward until their flanges abut against the upper and lower ends of the container sleeve. The use of rack and pinion transmission allows to halve the course of hydraulic cylinders. The power frame of the hydraulic cylinder 31 is mounted on the axis of the container. Using a gas drive (compressors, cylinders, shut-off and control equipment), the necessary pressure is created in the working chamber. The axial force, in this case, is transmitted through the plugs to the power frame. The heating system is turned on and the working fluid is heated to the required temperature. At a given working pressure and temperature, the workpieces are kept for the technologically necessary time. Then the heating system is turned off, and the working fluid with the workpiece is cooled.

Further, gas from the working chamber is discharged by gravity and is pumped by the compressor into cylinders. Gas having a low residual pressure is discharged into the atmosphere. The container is evacuated using a vacuum pump 26, while both plugs are drawn into the container until it stops at the ends of its sleeve. The frame moves to the leftmost position, the knife grips 17 of the carriage enter the grooves of the lower tube. With the help of hydraulic cylinders 15, the carriage together with the lower plug is lowered to the lowermost position, and the frame moves to the far right position - the loading position. The inner cap and the workpiece are removed from the tank, after which the duty cycle can be repeated.

Claims (4)

1. An isostat containing a power frame fastened with a winding of high strength tape with uprights and crossbars, installed with the possibility of horizontal movement, and a container closed from the ends of the upper and lower plugs, inside which a tank is installed, configured to fill with liquid and place the workpiece in it, vacuum a pump connected to the container working space, a workpiece loading and unloading unit, made in the form of a carriage mounted with the possibility of vertical movement along the guides of the power frame and elements of interaction with the lower plug, wherein the container is mounted on the vertical supports of the bridge by means of horizontal beams connected to the lower flange of the container and not exceeding the dimensions of the flange, characterized in that a hydraulic cylinder is installed on the vertical support of the bridge, the rod of which is connected to the power frame, on the carriage and the lower bolt of the power frame there are rails of vertical movement of the carriage, the container is equipped with a sleeve with a lead-in conical surface, and the elements of interaction of the carriage with the lower stopper They are used in the form of knife grips, which provide the possibility of longitudinal-transverse movement of the lower tube when interacting with the input surface of the container sleeve and the installation of the lower tube until it stops in the end of the container sleeve, while an induction bottom heater and a stand are installed in the lower tube. 2. The isostat according to claim 1, characterized in that the stand and the induction bottom heater are made conical with the direction of the top of the cone up or down. 3. The isostat according to claim 1, characterized in that the stand and the heater are made curved. 4. An isostat according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that a cap with a sealed upper end is installed inside the tank, and an annular pocket is made in the lower tube.

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