RU2374545C1 - Single-reel fast-acting polarised electromagnetic drive with straight-rolling anchor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: device contains laminated magnetic conductor (1), implemented from two halves with air gap (2) between them, on it is installed drive winding (3). Between top and bottom poles of laminated magnetic conductor (1), allowing E-shaped form, in guidelines (4) is linear moves H-shaped straight-rolling anchor (5), creating with top and bottom poles of laminated magnetic conductor (1) working air gaps. On middle poles of laminated magnetic conductor (1) there are installed constant magnets (6), creating polarising working magnetic flux Φ_n in these gaps, and short-circuit rings (7), implemented from conducting material. At connection of straight-rolling anchor (5) from one drawn up condition into other impact reactions of straight-rolling anchor (5) do not transfer constant magnets (6). On top poles of laminated magnetic conductor (1) there are located magnetic shunts (8). Resonant-pendulum principle of movement of straight-rolling anchor (5) is provided by two spiral springs (9) and (10), operating counter.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability.

1 dwg

Description

A single-coil, high-speed, polarized, electromagnetic drive with a linear armature is designed to control the valve of the gas distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine. The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering.

Known polarized single-coil electromagnetic drive with a rotary armature (FR 2849100 A1), containing a magnetic circuit, a coil, two permanent magnets and an armature rotating between two extreme positions under the action of two springs.

The disadvantages of this design are as follows: the control flow passes through one of the permanent magnets creating the working flow; in the drive, an additional conversion of the rotational movement of the armature into the translational movement of the executive valves is required; to obtain a force on the valve 800-1000 N requires an increase in the size of the actuator in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. However, this size is limited by the allowable size between two adjacent valves of the same cylinder. This size for modern internal combustion engines does not exceed 30 ÷ 33 mm.

Known polarized electromagnetic actuator (FR 2849262 A1), containing a magnetic circuit with pronounced poles, made of two halves with an air gap between them, a control winding located on one of the halves of the magnetic circuit, a forward link armature, a spring mechanism consisting of two springs providing resonant - the pendulum movement of the armature between the poles of the magnetic circuit and the permanent magnet that holds the anchor pulled to the poles of the magnetic circuit in extreme positions.

The disadvantages of this design are as follows: the impact from the anchor is transmitted to a permanent magnet; the symmetry of the magnetic system does not allow us to unambiguously establish to which pole the anchor will be pulled; inclined working surfaces of the armature and poles of the magnetic system lead to a decrease in the axial (working) force of the electromagnet with the same MDS of a permanent magnet; The control winding flux tends to magnetize the permanent magnet.

The objective of the present invention is to eliminate the possibility of magnetization reversal of permanent magnets and the impact on them of shock reactions of the armature, in guaranteeing a given direction of movement of the armature from its original position.

The problem is solved with the help of a single-coil polarized electromagnetic drive with a linear armature, containing a magnetic circuit with distinct poles made of two halves with an air gap between them, a control winding, linear armature, a spring mechanism consisting of two springs providing resonant-pendulum movement anchors between the poles of the magnetic circuit and a permanent magnet that holds the anchor pulled to the poles of the magnetic circuit in extreme positions, and the mag the nitro line is lined with E-shaped poles, magnetic shunts are located on the upper poles of the lined magnetic core, permanent magnets and short-circuited rings of conductive material are installed on the middle poles of the lined magnetic core, the forward link armature is located in the guides, and the control winding is installed on both halves of the lined magnetic core.

The technical result consists in the fact that the magnetic flux of the control winding is spatially separated from the flux of polarizing permanent magnets and does not lead to magnetization reversal when switching the electromagnet, while the impact of the armature is not transmitted to the permanent magnets, and the electromagnet is controlled using a single concentrated winding.

The drawing shows a single-coil high-speed polarized electromagnetic drive with a linear armature.

A single-coil high-speed polarized electromagnetic drive with a linear anchor contains a lined magnetic circuit 1 made of two halves with an air gap 2 between them, a control winding 3 is installed on them. Between the upper and lower poles of the lined magnetic circuit 1 having an E-shape, in the guides 4 linearly the H-shaped forward-going anchor 5 moves, creating working air gaps with the upper and lower poles of the charged magnetic core 1. Permanent magnets 6 are installed at the middle poles of the charged magnetic core 1, which create a polarizing working magnetic flux Ф _n in these gaps, and short-circuited rings 7 made of conductive material. When the forward anchor 5 is switched from one attracted state to another, the shock reactions of the forward anchor 5 are not transmitted to the permanent magnets 6. At the upper poles of the charged magnetic core 1 there are magnetic shunts 8, which increase the electromagnetic force of attraction to the upper pole of the charged magnetic core 1 relative to the lower, if the forward anchor 5 is in the middle position relative to the poles. Such an asymmetry in the magnetic system guarantees the attraction of the linear anchor 5 to the upper pole of the lined magnetic core 1 when a control signal is applied to the control winding 3. The resonant-pendulum principle of the motion of the linear anchor 5 is provided by two helical springs 9 and 10, acting counterclockwise.

A single-coil high-speed polarized electromagnetic drive with a linear armature operates as follows.

In the initial position, the forward anchor 5 is drawn, for example, to the upper poles of the charged magnetic core 1, compressing the upper spring 9, and is held in this position by the force created by the permanent magnets 6. The magnetic flux Φ _{n of} permanent magnets 6 is closed along the path shown by a solid line in the drawing.

When a voltage of a certain polarity is applied to the control winding 3, it creates a magnetic flux in the working gaps directed opposite to the permanent magnet flux 6, which reduces the force acting on the forward anchor 5. The latter is detached from the upper poles and moves to the lower poles of the lined one under the action of the upper spring 9 magnetic circuit 1, compressing the lower spring 10.

When changing the polarity of the voltage on the control winding 3, the magnetic fluxes of the polarizing permanent magnets 6 and the control windings 3 add up, providing a reliable pick-up and hold of the linear armature 5 as it approaches the lower poles of the charged magnetic circuit 1. Thus, by changing the control signal, the motion of the linear armature can be controlled 5, providing, for example, a predetermined speed when it approaches the poles of the laminations of the magnetic circuit 1. As can be seen from the drawing, the magnetic flux F _in the control winding 3 is closed mine the area occupied by the permanent magnet 6 and the magnetic reversal does not cause it.

The transition of the forward anchor 5 from the lower poles of the charged magnetic core 1 to the upper one occurs in the same way. To install the forward armature 5 from the middle position to the initial position, either the current boost in the control winding 3 or the resonant buildup of the forward armature 5 are used.

The improvement of the dynamic control characteristics is facilitated by the batching of steel of the magnetic circuit 1 (the influence of eddy currents in it is reduced), as well as the installation of a short-circuited ring 7 on the central rod of the blended magnetic circuit 1, in which eddy currents are induced when the control flow changes, preventing the control flow from penetrating into the central rod.

With limited dimensions of the drive in the drawing plane, the need to increase the total force of the electromagnet only leads to an increase in size in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, without changing the design of the drive.

Claims (1)

A single-coil, high-speed, polarized electromagnetic drive with a linear bushing, comprising a magnetic circuit with distinct poles, made of two halves with an air gap between them, a control winding, a linear bushing, a spring mechanism consisting of two springs providing resonant-pendulum movement of the armature between the poles of the magnetic circuit and permanent magnet that holds the anchor drawn to the poles of the magnetic circuit in extreme positions, characterized in that the magnetic circuit is made m with poles of an E-shaped form, magnetic shunts are located on the upper poles of a charged magnetic core, permanent magnets and short-circuited rings of conductive material are installed on the middle poles of a charged magnetic core, an H-shaped forward anchor is located in the guides, and a control winding is installed on both halves of the charged magnetic circuit.