RU2388702C2 - Water electrochemical purification method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrochemical water purification methods and can be used in different fields for treating, disinfecting and improving taste and organoleptic properties of water. The method involves electrochemical purification in a multiple-membrane electrolysis cell, where after primary purification water separated by semi-permeable membranes from the anode and cathode chambers is fed only into the middle chamber of the electrolysis cell. Water passing through the semi-permeable membranes is divided into three streams, the outer most of which fill lateral anode and cathode chambers fitted with anolyte and catholyte outlet pipes. Through elements fitted in the middle chamber, a winding stream of purified water is formed, which successively approaches the anode and the cathode membrane. After coming out of the electrolysis cell, the stream of purified water from the middle chamber enters a magnetic treatment device, passes through a swirler inside a pyramid-shaped housing and enters a container where, together with a crystal, is exposed to water and electromagnetc radiation with wavelength ranging from 100000 m to 1 mm.

EFFECT: method enables to obtain the required amount of electroactivated anolyte and catholyte solution together with electrochemical water purification.

4 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to methods for electrochemical water purification and can find application in various fields for cleaning, disinfecting and improving the taste, organoleptic and biologically active properties of water.

A device is known that contains at least two series-connected membrane electrochemical cells through which purified water passes sequentially, while the design includes a vortex chamber and a container with a catalyst [1]. The device may also contain a flotator, for example [2], in which contaminants are separated from the treated water — a disadvantage of the known installations is the insufficient degree of water purification due to the constructive possibility of mixing the purified stream with electrolysis products and coagulant, both in the cathode and in in the anode chambers (at least in one of them), the treated water is contacted with the working electrodes - the cathode or anode (very high demands are placed on the quality of the electrodes, on their coating and electrochemical resistance, which significantly increases the cost of installation), because of this there is a need for additional use of flotators, catalysts, absorbers or ion-exchange resins for the purification of water and its separation from contaminants - water electrolysis products, decomposition of electrodes and coagulants.

Known devices for activating the liquid "Aquadisk" by force fields to give them useful properties [3]. The disadvantage is the limited amount of water for processing, the lack of flow regime and regime of water purification from impurities.

The known method of Skvortsov and a device for producing a carrier substance of bioactive radiation [4], which uses a suspension of biologically active medicinal substances, the spectrum of which is transferred to the structure of water. Used in pharmacology in the production of bioactive drugs. The disadvantage of such devices is the complexity of the design, the insufficient degree of structuring of the media, since the source is the natural background field and the lack of the function of water purification and its electrochemical activation by electric fields.

A device of a three-chamber diaphragm electrolyzer closest to the claimed one [5] (prototype) is also known, but it requires constant monitoring of the state of the cathode diaphragm, periodic emptying of the electrolyzer with the inclusion of reverse water movement and regeneration of the cathode diaphragm. It also has the disadvantages inherent in the previously described devices [1], [2], since the water to be purified passes under pressure through the cathode chamber and directly contacts the cathode, to which high requirements for corrosion resistance and insolubility must be imposed. In this case, saturation and pollution of the purified water with cathodic electrolysis products occurs. The prototype also does not have a magnetizer and does not have elements for transferring the spectrum of nutrients to the structure of water.

The aim of this invention is to improve the quality of purified water and improve the taste, organoleptic and bioactive properties of water when exposed to a combination of fields of different nature and a light beam.

To increase the degree of water purification and improve its quality, the authors proposed to use the multi-membrane three-chamber electrolysis method with the simultaneous saturation of water with silicon and silver ions when exposed to electric, magnetic fields and the influence of active crystalline substances when exposed to a light beam and an electromagnetic field of the selected range.

Currently, the fundamentals of the theory of activation of the liquid-phase state of matter, the basic methods for diagnosing the activated state of media, and the fundamentals of methods for controlling the energy and information properties of liquid-phase systems have been developed, which creates the prerequisites for the development of new technologies for the activation of media and biological objects.

It should be noted that the discovery of the physical mechanisms of “memory” and the preservation of positive structural characteristics in water systems will allow in the future to solve such vitally important tasks for mankind as prolonging life, restoring damaged ecosystems, society and the biosphere as a whole [6].

It is known that salts and compounds soluble in water dissociate into cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions), which move in an electric field to the anode or cathode, respectively. This principle is based on the operation of membrane electrolyzers, in which the liquid is separated into anolyte and catholyte, passing in an electric field through a membrane that prevents the separation of separated ions. When using multi-membrane (containing two separation membranes or more) electrolysers in the middle chamber, a "neutral" stream of purified water is formed, which does not directly contact the electrodes. Since water is exposed to an electric field during purification, it becomes electro-activated, possessing the advantages of both catholyte and anolyte, while remaining neutral with respect to pH.

The goal is implemented in the proposed method as follows. A coarse filter is installed at the inlet of the device, which serves to pre-separate large contaminants in the incoming water. From there, water is supplied to a multi-membrane electrolyzer, and only to the middle chamber, from which it diffuses into the anode and cathode chambers, being divided into three streams by two semipermeable membranes. The extreme flows are limited by the anode and cathode, respectively, on both sides and are the anode and cathode flow chambers with outlet pipes for the production of electro-activated solutions of “anolyte” and “catholyte”. Anodic and cathodic gases and other electrolysis products are removed through the same channels. The stream to be cleaned is located in the middle of the cell, which is separated on both sides by two semipermeable membranes from both the anode and cathode chambers. This channel serves for the passage of purified water. It contains elements that form a tortuous flow in such a way that water approaches either the anode or the cathode membrane in turn. In accordance with its electrophoretic mobility, almost all impurities and contaminants pass through semipermeable membranes into the anode or cathode chambers, leaving purified water in the middle channel without impurities. Semi-permeable membranes contain shungite, silicon and silver in their structure to saturate the purified water with fullerenes and silicon and silver ions. As a semi-permeable membrane, a composite material is used, which contains from 10 to 70 wt.% Shungite and from 0.01 to 1.0 wt.% Metallic silicon and silver. Less than 10 wt.% The effect of shungite on water treatment is ineffective, more than 70 wt.% The strength of the composite membrane material is significantly reduced and additional measures are required to strengthen it, which is not economically viable. If the percentage of silicon and silver in the membrane material increases by more than 1.0 wt.%, The maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for these metals in the treated water can be exceeded, which will negatively affect human health with the constant use of treated water. With a decrease in the concentration of these metals in the membrane structure below 0.01 wt.%, The efficiency of the water passing through the device remains practically unchanged, which makes the use of these inclusions in the membrane structure inappropriate.

In the upper part of the device contains a magnetizer, and a swirl in a pyramidal casing, and an electromagnetic circuit enclosing a container for installing a crystal of the active substance. Water after electrochemical cleaning washes an excited crystal.

To excite the crystal, electromagnetic radiation is used, the range of which is selected depending on the properties, structure and wave characteristics of the substance used, and a ray of light.

An electromagnetic oscillation generator generates a voltage of a given frequency with a wavelength of 100,000 m to 1 mm, is connected to an electromagnetic circuit covering a container with a crystal or biologically active substance. The wavelength range of more than 100,000 m and less than 1 mm lies beyond the main resonances of the active substances used, requires special equipment, because of the complexity and cumbersomeness of which the authors in the claimed method does not apply.

To improve the quality of water, a ray of light is used that irradiates the contents of the container. The color, coherence, intensity and frequency of light are selected depending on the properties of the crystal (active substance) and range from infrared to ultraviolet radiation. The light beam is generated by a semiconductor laser and brought to the crystal using a fiber.

In all chambers of the device, a continuous flow mode is organized, the parameters of which are regulated by the flow rate by connecting shut-off or restrictive devices at the output.

The presence in the proposed method of components for saturating the purified water with silicon and silver ions can increase the usefulness of water for the body and increase its shelf life after purification. The inclusion of the substance “schungite” in the composition of the membranes serves to saturate water with fullerenes - components of schungite, which determine its beneficial properties for human health.

The device for the formation of a water vortex (swirl) consists of 3 curved petals mounted on the inner surface of the flow tube symmetrically to its longitudinal axis, located in front of the container in the pyramidal body and allows to increase the productivity of the device and to expose the water in the resulting rotating stream, which increases the usefulness of water.

The magnetizing device consists of 2 annular ceramic magnets arranged so that a stream of water passes between their opposite poles through the maximum magnetic field.

The active substance, for example, crystals of rock crystal - quartz, agate, carnelian, jade, diamond or other precious or semiprecious minerals is placed in the container. In this case, an alternating electromagnetic, constant magnetic field and the action of a laser beam are used as the exposure field.

The combination of all the claimed features in the proposed method of water purification ensures the implementation of the goal.

The method allows simultaneously with water purification to obtain the necessary amounts of “anolyte” and “catholyte”, the parameters of which can vary widely and are controlled by the flow rate in each chamber by connecting shut-off or restrictive devices at the outlet.

In the proposed method, there are no additional ion exchangers and flotation chambers for separating coagulants, which greatly simplifies the design for implementing the proposed method. The swirl chamber is not used for tertiary treatment, but is intended only to accelerate the cleaning process.

If it is necessary to saturate the purified water with silver ions, this metal is included in the composition of the porous anode membrane, if trace amounts are required, silver can be in other structural elements of the device in contact with purified water.

The water obtained by the proposed method has improved taste, organoleptic and biologically active properties, is completely purified from microbial contamination. In its parameters, it approaches natural spring water and has a healing effect due to the content of fullerenes from schungite, silicon and silver ions. The proposed method allows simultaneously with the electrochemical treatment of water to obtain the necessary quantities of "anolyte" and "catholyte".

Example 1. Figure 1 shows a diagram of a device illustrating the implementation of the proposed method of electrochemical water treatment.

The device consists of an electronic unit 1, which contains a power supply unit of the electrolyzer 1-1, a semiconductor laser with a power supply unit 1-2 and an electronic generator of electromagnetic waves 1-3, tuned to the resonance frequency of the quartz crystal. The device is powered by AC 220 V. Above the electronic unit there is a rough filter and a three-channel cone electrolyzer 2 with two semi-permeable composite membranes, which contain 40 wt.% Schungite, 0.3 wt.% Silicon and 0.1 wt.% silver to saturate the purified water (see figure 2). The anode 8 and cathode 14 are made in the form of metal cones, separated by membranes, also made in the form of thin-walled cones 9, 12, inserted coaxially into one another. Between the anode 8 and the anode semipermeable membrane 9 there is a channel 11 for receiving the anolyte. The upper part of the channel contains an anode pipe 10 through which the anolyte is discharged, and anode gases. Similarly, between the cathode and the cathode semipermeable membrane there is a channel for producing catholyte and a cathode pipe 13 through which catholyte exits together with the cathode gases. Above the electrolyzer there is a magnetizer 3 and a swirler in a pyramidal housing 4. In the upper part of the structure there is an electromagnetic circuit powered by a generator 1-3. It covers a collapsible container 5, in which a rock crystal (quartz) is placed.

The device operates as follows. Through the inlet pipe 6 (see figure 2), water enters the working channel of the membrane filter 15. Here, a preliminary purification of water from mechanical impurities takes place. Next, water enters the middle chamber, the working channel of which is separated by membranes from the anode and cathode chambers. It passes into both chambers, where, under the influence of an electric field, it is divided into anolyte and catholyte. Elements are installed in the middle chamber that form a tortuous flow in such a way that it approaches either the anode or the cathode membrane in turn (not shown). Through the central outlet pipe, combined with the light guide 7, water enters the magnetizer 3 made of ceramic ring permanent magnets, and then enters the swirler 4, which swirls the stream of purified water. After the vortex, water enters the container 5, where it directly washes the crystal and is exposed to an electromagnetic field and a laser beam reflected from the crystal. Purified water containing fullerenes, silicon and silver ions comes out of the outlet pipe (Exit).

In this way, water was purified from the water supply of Volgograd and the wells of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. The test results obtained by conductometric and biological methods on the basis of the Federal State Institution Volgograd NIPCH of Rospotrebnadzor are shown in table 1.

Table 1 The results of comparative tests of drinking water (conductometric and biological method) Sample number Source After the filter "Aquaphor" After the claimed filter Conductivity Microbial contamination Conductivity Microbial contamination one 0.67 mSim 0 0.34 mSim 0.27 mSim 0 2 0.72 mSim fourteen 0.36 mSim 0.31 mSim 0 3 0.76 mSim 42 0.39 mSim 0.32 mSim 0

From the above table it follows that the conductivity of the water, which corresponds to the amount of salts and contaminants, after a single passage through the device decreased by more than 2 times. The device showed a higher degree of purification in comparison with the known filters ("Aquaphor"), complete purification from microbial contamination and high taste.

Thus, the resulting water has improved taste, organoleptic and biologically active properties and is completely purified from microbial contamination. In its parameters, it approaches natural spring water and has a healing effect due to the content of fullerenes from schungite, silicon and silver ions. The shelf life of water in a closed dark container at room temperature (observed) is 6 months.

Information sources

1. RU 2133223 C1, C02F 1/46.

2. RU 2096337 C1, C02F 1/46.

3. RU 2182122, C02F 1/48, C02F 103: 04.

4. RU 2080132, A61N 1/16.

5. RU 2005125126, C02F 1/00 (prototype).

6. Ermolaev Yu.M., Rodionov BN, Rodionov RB, Stekhin A.A. Fundamentals of assessing the degree of activation and management of the properties of the aquatic environment (abstract). 10/04/2007 www.proryv-si.ru/29·25 KB.

Claims (4)

1. The method of electrochemical water treatment, including electrochemical treatment in a multi-membrane electrolyzer, characterized in that after passing through the stage of rough cleaning, water is supplied only to the middle chamber of the electrolyzer, separated by semipermeable membranes from the anode and cathode chambers, where water is divided into three streams through semipermeable membranes, the extreme of which fill the lateral anode and cathode chambers, equipped with nozzles for the exit of anolyte and catholyte, while using elements installed in the middle chamber, they form a winding stream of purified water, which approaches alternately either the anode or cathode furnish, after exiting the electrolyzer, the stream of purified water from the middle chamber enters the magnetizing device, passes through a swirl located in the pyramidal casing, and enters the container, where together with the crystal is exposed to light and electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 100,000 m to 1 mm. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a crystal uses a precious or semi-precious mineral, such as agate, carnelian, jade, rock crystal - quartz, diamond. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the semi-permeable membranes are made of composite material comprising from 10 to 70% schungite, 0.01-1.0% silicon and 0.01-1.0% silver. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water is exposed to a laser beam with a wavelength of from 160 to 1200 nm.

Images