RU2496093C1 - Target contact-type laser transducer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: proposed transducer comprises two and more transceiving channels, each including electronic unit, pulse source of optical radiation and photo receiver connected with electronic unit. Optical axes of said source and receiver that make transceiving channel are directed at ≤90° shell lengthwise axis and shifted relative to each other, primarily, in parallel or, in fact, in parallel. Spacing between said both axes is selected proceeding from the condition l≥(d_u+d_n)/2, where d_u and d_n are maximum diameters of radiator and photo receiver, respectively. Note here that said transceiving channels are located along shell lengthwise axis. Angle between radiators of adjacent transceiving channels in radial direction is selected to make light beams of radiators not crossing. Spacing between adjacent radiation channels at required target detection range equals or approximates to minimum target size.

EFFECT: higher probability of target detection and guidance, better protection against optical and small size interferences, decreased weight and overall dimensions.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of armaments and can be used in non-contact fuses of jet ammunition to determine the optimal moment of detonation of ammunition.

Known on-board device with a laser unit for detecting targets (US patent No. 5138947, IPC: F42C 13/02, publ. 08/18/1992), consisting of an optical radiation source, a collimating lens, two mirrors and a photodetector. Mirrors are mounted on a movable panel, which is fixed in two positions. One of the mirrors is flat and made in the form of an angular reflector. The second mirror is made focusing. In the first position of the panel, both mirrors are located inside the device and the laser radiation does not come out. In the second position of the panel, the radiation of a source mounted in the focal plane of the collimating lens is reflected from the first mirror and is output outward in the direction "forward and sideways" relative to the direction of movement of the ammunition. Optical radiation from the target surface is reflected by the second mirror to a photodetector mounted at the focus of this mirror. The photodetector converts the optical signal into an electrical one and performs its further processing.

The disadvantage of this device is the low probability of detecting small targets and, therefore, low reliability of operation for targets of this type, as well as insufficient protection from optical interference. The disadvantages include the low accuracy of setting the given operating range, since the intersection of the axes of the radiation pattern of the optical radiation source and the sensitivity diagram of the photodetector at a certain distance from the munition is provided only technologically, and a significant deterioration in the aerodynamic parameters of the munition when this device is turned on and, as a result, its impossibility use at high speeds of the movement of ammunition.

Known optical unit (RF patent No. 2151372, IPC: F42C 13/02, publ. 03/27/2005), consisting of an optical radiation source mounted in the focal plane of a collimating lens, a beam splitting system installed between the collimating lens and a protective glass, a focusing lens, photodetectors and a light filter mounted between the focusing lens and photodetectors.

The specified block works as follows.

The optical radiation of the source, collimated by the lens, is divided by the beam-splitting system into two identical beams and, through the protective glass, the ammunition is brought out. If there is a target at the sensor response distance, the radiation is reflected from its surface and, through a focusing lens and a filter, enters the photodetector, which converts the optical signal into an electric one and performs its further processing. The formed two beams of optical radiation probe each of its sector of space around the ammunition, and the focusing lens and photodetectors form two receiving sensitivity diagrams of the optical unit.

The disadvantages of this unit is the significant overall dimensions due to the need to provide a base, the distance between the receiver and the emitter. Reducing the base reduces the accuracy of determining the distance. The beam splitting system of the indicated block requires adjustment: the technological process of setting the intersection of the axis of the radiation pattern of the probing source beams and the axis of the corresponding sensitivity diagrams of photodetectors at the required distance from the munition, as a result of which the optical unit detects only those targets that are at a given distance from the munition, which reduces it universality.

Known optical remote fuse (German patent PS No. 2949521, IPC: F42C 13/02, publ. 21.10.82), consisting of an optical radiation source operating in a pulsed mode, collimating and focusing lenses, and a photodetector.

The photodetector is installed in such a way that the axis of the radiation pattern of the optical radiation source intersects the axis of the sensitivity diagram of the photodetector at a certain distance from the munition, as a result of which the remote fuse fires only when there is a target at a given distance. The radiation from the source passes through the collimating lens, is reflected from the target’s surface and, if it is located at a predetermined distance from the ammunition, it passes through the focusing lens to a photodetector, which converts the optical signal into an electric one and performs its further processing.

The disadvantage of this device is the low probability of detecting small targets and, as a result, the low reliability of operation on targets of this type, as well as the low accuracy of setting a given operating range, since the intersection of the axes of the radiation pattern of the optical radiation source and the sensitivity diagram of the photodetector at a certain distance from the munition is only possible technologically. In addition, this device has insufficient protection from optical interference.

The objective of the invention is to provide a compact, reliable and versatile target sensor having the required degree of reliability for protection from optical interference.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the proposed laser target sensor according to the invention contains two or more transceiver channels, each of which contains an electronic unit, a pulsed optical radiation source, and a photodetector connected to the electronic unit, while the optical axis of the pulsed radiation source and photodetector, forming a receiving-emitting channel, directed at an angle of ≤90 ° to the longitudinal axis of the munition in the direction of movement and are located with mixing relative to each other, mainly o parallel or almost parallel, and the distance between the optical axes of the emitter and the photodetector is selected from the condition l≥ (d _u + d _n ) / 2, where d _u and d _n are the largest diameters of the emitter and photodetector, respectively, while the receiving-emitting channels are placed around the longitudinal axis of the munition, and the angle in the radial direction between the axes of the emitters of adjacent receiving emitting channels is selected so that the light beams of the emitters do not intersect each other, while the distance between the rays from adjacent emitting channels at rebuemoy distance detection target is equal to / is approximately equal to the minimum size of the target.

In an embodiment, the required number of emitters in the laser target sensor is determined from the relation: n≥2π / (α + b / R), where: n is the number of emitters, α is the angle of divergence of the radiation beam, b is the minimum target size, R is the required distance target detection.

The technical result achieved by the claimed invention is the creation of a laser target sensor, which increases the likelihood of detecting small targets, provides high accuracy of setting a given response distance, has increased immunity to optical interference, reduced overall weight and weight characteristics and power consumption.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the laser target sensor, which includes an electronic unit, an optical radiation source and a photodetector, a pulsed laser diode is used as an optical radiation source, and an algorithm that implements the reflected signal uses a time-implementing algorithm - a pulse method of analyzing the distance to the target . The emitted light pulses are reflected from the target surface and recorded by a photodetector, followed by analysis by the electronic unit. The registration of the reflected signal is carried out through a time interval that determines the distance of identification of the target: from the moment of emission of the light pulse to the opening of the time window, the duration of which sets the error in determining the distance.

The inventive device does not require adjustment during production, allows you to change the distance of identification of the target immediately before the combat use of ammunition.

Changing the distance of detection of the target is carried out by changing the settings in the electronic unit, which makes the proposed device more versatile in comparison with the prototype.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laser target sensor.

The laser target sensor includes at least two receiving-emitting channels, consisting of a radiation source 1 and a photodetector 2 connected to an electronic unit 3 installed in the housing 4.

The laser target sensor operates as follows.

Light pulses from the radiation source 1 are displayed outside the housing 4 in the direction of a possible target. If there is a target, the radiation is reflected from its surface and recorded by the photodetector 2. Next, the electronic unit 3 analyzes the received signal for compliance with the value of t - the time interval counted from the moment of emission of the pulse until the signal is registered, set to the temporary setting T. The value of the temporary setting T is entered before the battle the use of ammunition in the electronic unit 3 and is equal to the travel time of the light pulse from the ammunition to the target and back at the moment of correspondence between the distance between the ammunition and the target buoy detection distance, ie, T = 2R / c, where c is the speed of light, R is the required target detection distance.

When the condition t = T is fulfilled, with a given accuracy, the electronic unit determines the received signal as “working” and issues a target identification signal.

The required number of probe optical beams in the laser target sensor is determined by the characteristic size of the intended targets and the target identification distance from the ratio: n≥2π / (α + b / R), where: n is the number of probe optical beams, α is the angle of divergence of the light beam, b is the minimum target size, R is the required target detection distance.

Using the proposed technical solution will increase the striking characteristics of the ammunition by increasing the mass of the explosive by reducing the overall parameters of the target sensor, increase the number of probe optical beams, and, therefore, increase the efficiency and reliability of the device with increasing target detection distance. The laser target sensor with the proposed technical solution implemented does not require adjustment during the production process, which allows to simplify its design and reduce the manufacturing cost.

Claims (2)

1. Laser target sensor, characterized in that it contains two or more transceiver channels, each of which contains an electronic unit, a pulsed optical radiation source and a photodetector connected to the electronic unit, while the optical axis of the pulsed optical radiation source and photodetector, forming a transceiver channel, directed at an angle of ≤90 ° to the longitudinal axis of the munition in the direction of movement and are located with mixing relative to each other, mainly parallel or almost parallel flax, the distance between the optical axes of the emitter and the photodetector is selected from the condition _{l≥ (d u + d n)} / 2, where d _u and d _n - greatest diameter of the emitter and photodetector, respectively, said priemoizluchayuschie channels arranged around the longitudinal axis of the munition, moreover, the angle between the emitters of adjacent receive-emitting channels in the radial direction is selected so that the light beams of the emitters do not intersect each other, while the distance between the beams of adjacent emitting channels at the desired detection distance target is equal to / is approximately equal to the minimum size of the target. 2. The laser target sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the required number of emitters is determined from the ratio: n≥2π / (α + b / R), where n is the number of emitters, α is the angle of divergence of the radiation beam, b is the minimum size targets, R is the required target detection distance.

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