RU2753012C1 - Adjustable by-pass valve block - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: bypass valves.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a block of adjustable bypass valves for transmitting power from one or more sources to various consumers. The block of variable relief valves consists of two-level sections with shut-off and control elements of the first and second levels, an electromechanical drive for each shut-off and control element and an adjustable relief valve to stabilize the pressure in each section.EFFECT: increased reliability and durability of sources and consumers of working fluid.1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to transport engineering and aviation, its use is possible in all types of transport and in production, where there is a need to transfer power from the source to consumers through the hydraulic system, and is a set of two-level sections with locking and regulating elements with an electromechanical drive, and an adjustable valve pressure stabilization, where the mechanical control drive of the shut-off and control element is a worm gear, such a design of the unit allows you to simultaneously transmit power from one or more sources, having both the same and different power, to one or more consumers, both with the same and with differing power consumption, while allowing, if necessary, to change the supplied power, within the power of the primary source, for each individual consumer at any time of operation, and has the ability to maintain a stable pressure in the hydraulic system, h This allows you to provide a constant stable load on the power source, which will ensure stable, smooth and stable operation of the power source in a constant, unchanging mode.

The closest analogue is unknown to the author.

The block of regulated bypass valves with an electromechanical drive of the shut-off and control element and variable pressure stabilization valves is a set of two-level sections that operate independently of each other.

Each section consists of:

- housings (fig. 1 pos. 1),

- locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 2),

- locking and regulating element of the second level, (Fig. 1 pos. 3),

- an adjustable pressure stabilization valve (fig. 1 pos. 4),

- a separate electromechanical drive for controlling the operation of each locking and regulating element.

Moreover, each section has:

- inlet for the supply of working fluid (Fig. 1, pos. 5), common, for two shut-off and regulating elements,

- a channel for supplying the working fluid (Fig. 1, pos. 6), common, for two shut-off and regulating elements,

- outlet for draining the working fluid not used in the work of the consumer (Fig. 1, pos. 7), common, to two shut-off and regulating elements,

- a channel for supplying the working fluid to the consumer from the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 8),

- a channel for supplying a working fluid to a consumer from a locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 9),

- the bypass channel for supplying the working fluid of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 10),

- a bypass channel for supplying a working fluid of a locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 11).

Thanks to this design, the section can be used:

- as a separate node,

- complete with a block consisting of several sections.

Each perky-regulating element in the section has its own independent electromechanical control, for this, an electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking-regulating element of the first level is installed on the electromechanical control of the locking-regulating element of the first level (Fig. 2, item 19), and on the electromechanical control of the locking-regulating element element of the second level, an electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking-regulating element of the second level is installed (Fig. 2, pos. 20). This design, the separate control of the shut-off-regulating elements, allows for independent, simultaneous adjustment of the consumer's power by the shut-off and control element.

As a result, we will be able to simultaneously change the amount of the supplied working fluid to any individual consumer connected to the unit, both in the same and different volumes, both upward and downward in the amount of the supplied working fluid, and achieve the required change in power any individual consumer at the right time.

As a result, we get a compact control unit, consisting of several sections, capable of directing the flows of working fluid from both one and from different power sources to different, and, if necessary, to consumers common for several sections, and the working fluid from both is shut-off -regulatory elements of one section can be directed both to one and to different consumers.

Let us consider the design and principle of operation of a block of adjustable bypass valves with an electromechanical drive of a shut-off and control element and adjustable pressure stabilization valves using one section as an example.

The locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 2) and the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 3) are a hybrid of rod and needle plungers, with a bypass channel for supplying the working fluid of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 10) and a bypass channel for supplying the working fluid of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 11), starting at the stem part of the locking and regulating element, near the channel for supplying the working fluid (Fig. 1, pos. . 6), and increasing in width and depth in the direction of the needle part of the shut-off-regulating element. The accuracy of the external processing of the locking and regulating elements and the cylindrical surface in the body is such that the gap between the locking and regulating element and the body, precision mating, is equal to 2-3 microns, and the needle part of the plunger completely closes the channel for supplying the working fluid to the consumer. As a result, the cleanliness of the surface treatment and the gap between them will prevent the passage of the working fluid when the shutoff and control element is in the zero, closed position, and the needle-shaped shape of the shutoff and control element will completely prevent possible leakage of the working fluid when the shutoff and control element is closed and will provide flow adjustment the working fluid to the consumer due to the changing flow section between the body and the shut-off and regulating element.

In the aft part of the locking and regulating first level (Fig. 1, pos. 2), a threaded rod of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 12) is screwed onto which the worm gear of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level is screwed (fig. 1 pos. 14).

In the aft part of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 3), a threaded rod of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level is screwed (Fig. 1, pos. 13), onto which the worm gear of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (fig. 1 pos. 15).

The electromechanical drive of the shut-off and control element is designed so that its mechanical part is a worm gear. The use of a worm gear in the drive of shut-off and control elements will prevent unauthorized displacement of shut-off and control elements and will ensure the supply of a constant volume of working fluid to the consumer after the electric control signal is stopped to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the shut-off and control element of the first level (Fig. 2, item 19) and on the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 2, pos. 20).

As a result, we will receive a constant, stable power of the consumer during its operation, from the moment the movement of the electromechanical drive stops until the moment a new electrical control signal is applied to any of the electric motors and the start of the movement of the electromechanical drive in order to change the amount of working fluid supplied to the consumer.

The design of the worm gear used in the block, and the principle of its operation, have their own characteristics. Let's consider in more detail.

The worm of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 2, pos. 17) does not differ from conventional analogs and transmits the torque from the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 2, pos. 19) to the worm gear of the electromechanical drive locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 2 pos. 14).

The worm of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 2, pos. 18) also does not differ from conventional analogs and transmits the torque from the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 2, pos. 20) to the gear of the worm gear of the electromechanical drive locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 2 pos. 15).

In a conventional worm gear, the worm gear is rigidly fixed to a shaft that transmits torque from the source to the consumer. The peculiarity of our worm gear is that the gear of the worm gear of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 2, pos. 14) is used as an intermediate link to convert the torque of the rotating worm of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 2, pos. . 17) into the translational movement of the threaded rod of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 12), and the worm gear of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 2, pos. 15) is used as an intermediate link to convert the torque of the rotating worm of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 2, pos. 18) into the translational movement of the threaded rod of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 13).

To achieve this goal, a thread is cut in the central hole of the worm gear of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 2, item 14), corresponding in pitch and diameter to the thread cut on the threaded rod of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1 item 12). As a result, the gear of the worm gear of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 14) rotates around the threaded rod of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 12), and is not rigidly fixed on it as in the usual version of the worm gear.

In the central hole of the worm gear of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 2, pos. 15), a thread is cut corresponding in pitch and diameter to the thread cut on the threaded rod of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, Fig. 2 pos. 13). As a result, the gear of the worm gear of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 15) rotates around the threaded rod of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 13), and is not rigidly fixed on it as in the usual version of the worm gear.

On the lateral surfaces of the gear of the worm gear of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 3, pos. 14) there are circular projections of the gear of the worm gear of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 3, pos. 21), which the gear of the worm gear of the electromechanical the drive of the locking-regulating element of the first level (Fig. 3, pos. 14) is fixed in bushings (Fig. 1, Fig. 3, pos. 16) tightly fitted into the housing (Fig. 1, pos. 1). For the coaxial fastening of the worm gear of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 3, pos. 14) and the bushings (Fig. 1, Fig. 3, pos. 16), circular recesses of the bushings are located on the bushings (Fig. 3, pos. 22) which enter into the circular projections of the worm gear of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 3, pos. 21). This fastening design allows the worm gear of the electromechanical drive of the first level locking and regulating element (Fig. 3, item 14) to rotate around the threaded rod of the electromechanical drive of the locking and adjusting element of the first level (Fig. 1, item 12) without the slightest axial displacement.

As a result, rotating, the worm gear of the electromechanical drive of the locking-regulating element pushes out of itself the threaded rod of the electromechanical drive of the locking-regulating element, giving the latter a translational movement by moving the locking and regulating elements towards increasing or decreasing the supply of working fluid to the consumer.

The design and installation method of the worm gear of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 15) is the same as the gears of the worm gear of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 14).

On the threaded rod of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 4, pos. 12), a guide element of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 4, pos. 23) is installed in the rear part of the block body, which is fixed on the threaded the pin of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 4, pos. 12) and moves along the horizontal axis of the body along the square guide channels in the body.

Similarly, on the threaded rod of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 4, pos. 13), a guide element of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 4, pos. 24) of the square shape is installed in the rear part of the block body, which is fixed on the threaded rod of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 4, pos. 13) and moves along the horizontal axis of the body along the square guide channels in the body.

The guide element of the electromechanical drive of the shut-off-regulating element will ensure the longitudinal movement of the shut-off-control element without turning around its axis.

To prevent breakdowns in the electromechanical drive of locking and regulating elements, as well as to prevent excessive displacement of the locking and regulating elements themselves associated with the arrival of an electrical control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 2, pos. 19) and to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 2, pos. 20) after reaching the minimum permissible displacement of the locking and regulating elements, a limit switch for zero supply of the working fluid of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level is installed on each section (Fig. 4, pos. 25) and a limit switch of zero supply of the working fluid of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 4, pos. 26).

After the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 2) reaches the minimum displacement, the guide element of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 4, pos. 23), squeezes the limit switch of the zero supply of the working fluid of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element the first level (Fig. 4, pos. 25), as a result, the circuit for supplying an electric control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 2, pos. 19) and the rotation of the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. . 2 pos. 19) stops. Further displacement of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, item 2) is possible only in the opposite direction, since only that electric circuit remains closed, which provides an electrical control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 2 pos. 19) which will ensure the rotation of the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 2 pos. 19) in the opposite direction.

After the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 3) reaches the minimum displacement, the guide element of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 4, pos. 24), squeezes the limit switch of the zero supply of the working fluid of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element the second level (Fig. 4, pos. 26), as a result, the circuit for supplying an electric control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 2, pos. 19) and rotation of the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. . 2 pos. 20) stops. Further displacement of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, item 3) is possible only in the opposite direction, since only the electrical circuit remains closed, which provides an electric control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 2 pos. 19) which will ensure the rotation of the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 2 pos. 20) in the opposite direction.

To prevent breakdowns in the electromechanical drive of locking and regulating elements, as well as to prevent excessive displacement of the locking and regulating elements themselves associated with the arrival of an electrical control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 2, pos. 19) and to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 2, pos. 20) after reaching the maximum permissible displacement of the locking and regulating elements, a limit switch for the maximum supply of the working fluid of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level is installed on each section (Fig. 4, pos. 27) and a limit switch for the maximum supply of the working fluid of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 4, pos. 28).

After the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 2) reaches the maximum displacement, the threaded rod of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 4, pos. 12), squeezes the limit switch for the maximum supply of the working fluid of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element the first level (Fig. 4, pos. 27), as a result, the circuit for supplying an electric control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 2, pos. 19) and rotation of the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. . 2 pos. 19) stops. Further displacement of the shut-off-regulating element is possible only in the opposite direction, since only the electric circuit remains closed, which provides the supply of an electric control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the shut-off and control element of the first level (Fig. 2, pos. 19), which will ensure the rotation of the electromechanical motor drive locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 2 pos. 19) in the opposite direction.

After the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 3) reaches the maximum displacement, the threaded rod of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 4, pos. 13), squeezes the limit switch of the maximum supply of the working fluid of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element the second level (Fig. 4, pos. 28), as a result, the circuit for supplying an electric control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 2, pos. 19) and rotation of the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. . 2 pos. 20) stops. Further displacement of the shut-off-regulating element is possible only in the opposite direction, since only the electric circuit remains closed, which provides the supply of an electric control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the shut-off and control element of the second level (Fig. 2, pos. 19), which will ensure the rotation of the electromechanical motor drive locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 2 pos. 20) in the opposite direction.

For the safe operation of the hydraulics system at the next start-up, after the hydraulics system stops working, when the electric power is turned off, an electrical contact is closed, which will provide an electrical control signal to all electric motors of electromechanical drives of shut-off and control elements, which will ensure rotation of the electric motor armature and movement of all mechanical drives shut-off - regulating elements, and hence the shut-off and regulating elements themselves in the direction of decreasing the supply of the working fluid, to the position of the complete cessation of the supply of the working fluid to the consumers.

The diameter of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 2) and the cross-section of the bypass channel located on it for supplying the working fluid of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 9) is greater than the diameter of the locking and regulating element of the second level ( Fig. 1, pos. 3) and the cross-section of the bypass channel located on it for supplying the working fluid of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 10), in the same way the diameter of the channel for supplying the working fluid to the consumer from the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 8) is greater than the diameter of the channel for supplying the working fluid to the consumer from the shut-off-regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 9). As a result, they have a different flow area. The locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 2) has a higher power supply of the working fluid at the outlet than the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 3), and ensures the operation of the consumer in the main modes, in modes with coarse adjustment of the working fluid supply. The design of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, item 2) allows the supply of the working fluid from the source to the consumer from zero to 100% of the working fluid supplied by the source, i.e. allows you to feed through it 100% of the power of the original source. Changing the amount of the supplied working fluid through the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 2) is possible at any time of its operation.

The design of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 3), has a smaller diameter and a smaller section of the bypass channel located on it for supplying the working fluid of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 11) and a smaller diameter of the channel for supplying the working fluid to the consumer from the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, item 9), and hence a lower throughput.

The shut-off and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 3) is designed for a more accurate supply of the working fluid to the consumer, which will allow to obtain changes in the consumer's power, in a minimum, more accurate range, both between the main operating modes of the consumer and during changes in the main operating modes of the consumer.

The locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 3) is included in the operation of the hydraulics system, if necessary, to achieve an accurate change in the power of the consumer, including with an accuracy of up to several percent of the power of the consumer, at any time of its operation.

If necessary, the shut-off and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, item 3) can independently control the work of the consumer, but within the limits of the working fluid passed through itself.

When the two shut-off and control elements work together, the shut-off and control element of the second level (Fig. 1, item 3) is able to change the power of the consumer, only within the limits of the working fluid passed through itself, but not lower than the power transmitted by the shut-off and control element of the first level (Fig. 1 item 2) at a specific moment of consumer operation. When two locking and regulating elements work together for the operation of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 3), the working fluid is used unused in the operation of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 2).

This use of the working fluid became possible due to the fact that both shut-off and control elements have a common inlet for supplying the working fluid (Fig. 1, pos. 4), a common channel for supplying the working fluid (Fig. 1, pos. 5) and a common outlet for withdrawing unused in the work of the consumer working fluid (Fig. 1 pos. 6).

Thanks to this scheme, both shut-off and control elements work as one whole, complementing each other.

Not all the working fluid supplied by the power source during the operation of the hydraulic system will be used in the work of the consumer. During the operation of the section, the working fluid that is not used in the work of the consumer through an adjustable pressure stabilization valve (Fig. 1, pos. 4), which is installed on a common, on two shut-off-regulating elements, an outlet to drain the working fluid that is not used in the work of the consumer (Fig. 1, pos. . 7) is directed to the working fluid tank.

The amount of the working fluid supplied through the shut-off-regulating elements depends on the position in which the bypass channel for supplying the working fluid of the locking-regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, item 10) and the bypass channel for supplying the working fluid of the locking-regulating element of the second level (fig. 1 pos. 11). After the complete opening of the bypass channel for supplying the working fluid of the shut-off-regulating element, the volume of the passed working fluid passing through the shut-off-control element is regulated by the flow section formed as a result of the displacement of the shut-off and control element relative to the body and the diameter of the channel for supplying the working fluid to the consumer from the shut-off and control element ...

Before the electric control signal arrives at the electric motor of the electromechanical drives of the shut-off and control elements, the mechanical part of the drives of the shut-off and control elements and the shut-off and control elements of the first and second levels themselves are at the zero mark, in the off state. Then the working fluid from the section is directed, through an adjustable pressure stabilization valve (Fig. 1, item 4), back to the working fluid tank.

After the electric control signal arrives at the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the shut-off-control element, the armature of the electric motor, to which the mechanical drive of the shut-off control element is attached, begins to rotate and moves the mechanical drive. As a result, the locking and regulating element that is attached to this mechanical drive changes its position, changing the amount of working fluid supplied to the consumer.

If the power of all consumers and their basic power settings in the main modes of operation are the same, then one electromechanical drive is installed on all shut-off and control elements of the first level. As a result, we will be able to change the amount of working fluid supplied to all consumers at the same time and in the same volume, both upward and downward in the amount of working fluid supplied, and achieve the same required change in the power of all connected consumers, in basic modes in the required moment.

This design significantly reduces the weight of the entire unit, and simplifies its operation and maintenance.

The sections and the block as a whole are designed so that each locking and regulating element of the second level has its own electromechanical drive. This allows, at the same time, to supply different additional power to different consumers. The power required for the work of a particular consumer at a particular moment. But if the range of variable precise power for all consumers is the same, then a common electromechanical drive is installed for all shut-off and control elements of the second level.

On each section, at the outlet to drain the working fluid not used in the work of the consumer, an adjustable pressure stabilization valve (Fig. 1, pos. 4) is installed in the hydraulic system. An adjustable pressure stabilization valve consists of:

- the body of the adjustable pressure stabilization valve (Fig. 5, pos. 29),

- shut-off element (Fig. 5 pos. 30),

- springs (fig. 5 pos. 31),

- an adjusting screw (fig. 5 pos. 32),

- a guide rod (Fig. 5 pos. 33),

- plugs (fig. 3 pos. 34),

and has

- channel for bypassing the working fluid (Fig. 5 pos. 35).

The locking element (Fig. 5 pos. 30) is a rod plunger with a slight rounding in the nose.

The accuracy of the external machining of the plunger and the cylindrical surface in the body is such that the gap between the rod plunger and the body, precision mating, is 2-3 microns.

A guide rod (Fig. 5, pos. 33) is screwed into the aft part of the closure element, having a square shape after the thread, which passes through the adjusting screw (Fig. 5, pos. 32).

The adjusting screw (Fig. 5 pos. 32) has a square hole in the center and a thread along the outer perimeter, which is screwed into the body. To prevent unauthorized turning of the adjusting screw during operation, the adjusting screw is fixed with a lock nut.

As a result, the locking element (Fig. 5, pos. 30) during operation has only a longitudinal displacement, which will significantly reduce its wear.

Between the shut-off element (Fig. 5, pos. 30) and the adjusting screw (Fig. 5, pos. 32), a spring is installed (Fig. 5, pos. 31), the compression of which determines the power of the pressure stabilization valve.

A plug is screwed into the channel for bypassing the working fluid (Fig. 5, pos. 35) (Fig. 5, pos. 34).

A general view of the section of the block of adjustable bypass valves is shown in Fig. 6.

Let us consider the operation of a block of adjustable bypass valves with an electromechanical drive of a shut-off and control element and adjustable pressure stabilization valves using an example, where the power of all consumers and their basic power settings in the main operating modes are the same.

Let us consider the operation of a block of adjustable bypass valves consisting of four sections, which controls the operation of four consumers, using the example where the power sources are hydraulic pumps, and the consumers are hydraulic motors that control the operation of the gearboxes on which the propellers of the aircraft are attached.

Each section in the variable relief valve block consists of:

- hulls,

- locking and regulating element of the first level,

- locking and regulating element of the second level.

In the block:

- an adjustable pressure stabilization valve is installed at each outlet to drain the working fluid that is not used in the work of the consumer,

- one electromechanical drive is installed on all locking and regulating elements of the first level,

- each locking and regulating element of the second level has its own, separate electromechanical drive.

The purpose of this variable relief valve block is:

- supply the required amount of working fluid to consumers, which will ensure stable operation of consumers in all basic modes of their operation;

- to provide, if necessary, a quick, smooth and accurate change in the power of all consumers separately, in a more accurate range necessary for the operation of each of the consumers separately.

Let us consider the operation of the block of adjustable bypass valves on the example of one section and the power source connected to it - a hydraulic pump (Fig. 7, pos. 37) and a consumer - a hydraulic motor (Fig. 7, pos. 38), which drives the gearbox (Fig. 7, pos. 39 ) and a propeller mounted on the gearbox (Fig. 7, pos. 40).

Where the working fluid from the working fluid tank (Fig. 7, pos. 36) enters the hydraulic pump (Fig. 7, pos. 37), from the hydraulic pump, the working fluid is supplied to the section at the inlet for supplying the working fluid (Fig. 1, pos. 5). From the section, from the channel for supplying the working fluid to the consumer from the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 10), and from the channel for supplying the working fluid to the consumer from the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 11 ) is fed through a common channel to the hydraulic motor (Fig. 7 pos. 38). The hydraulic motor drives the gearbox (Fig. 7 pos. 39) which rotates the propeller (Fig. 7 pos. 40).

Prior to the receipt of an electrical control signal from the block that controls the operation of the block of variable bypass valves (Fig. 7, pos. 41) to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and control element of the first level (Fig. 7, pos. 19) and to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and control element of the second level (Fig. 7, pos. 20), the mechanical part of the drive of the locking and regulating element and the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 2) and the mechanical part of the drive of the locking and regulating element and the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. . 1 pos. 3) are at the zero mark, in the off state. Then the working fluid from the section through an adjustable pressure stabilization valve (Fig. 7, pos. 4) is directed in a small circle back to the working fluid tank (Fig. 7, pos. 36).

To change the power of the hydraulic motors in the main modes, in modes with a coarse adjustment of the working fluid supply, locking and regulating elements of the first level are installed in the sections.

Consider the order of operation of the locking and regulating elements of the first level. After the electric control signal arrives at the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the first level shutoff and control element (Fig. 7, pos. 19), the electromechanical drive of the first level shutoff and control element begins to move in the direction providing displacement of the first level shutoff and control element attached to it (Fig. 1 item 2), towards the opening of the bypass channel for supplying the working fluid of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1 item 10). The working fluid through the bypass channel for supplying the working fluid of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 10) is supplied through the channel for supplying the working fluid to the consumer from the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 8), in general the channel to the hydraulic motor connected to it (Fig. 7 pos. 38). The hydraulic motor (Fig. 7, pos. 38) starts to rotate and drives the reducer connected to the hydraulic motor (Fig. 7, pos. 39). The gearbox drives the propeller located on it (Fig. 7 pos. 40). From the hydraulic motor (Fig. 7, pos. 38), the working fluid is directed through a common channel to the reservoir for the working fluid (Fig. 7, pos. 36). That is, the working fluid flows in a large circle. The amount of working fluid passing through the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 2), and hence the speed of rotation of the hydraulic motor (Fig. 7, pos. 38), depends on the moment at which the bypass channel is opened for supplying the working fluid to the consumer from the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 10), the supply of an electric control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 7, pos. 19) will stop.

To increase the amount of working fluid passing through the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 2), and hence to increase the rotation speed of the hydraulic motor connected to it (Fig. 7, pos. 38), it is necessary to apply an electrical control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 7, pos. 19), which will ensure the movement of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 2) in the direction of increasing the supply of the working fluid.

To reduce the amount of working fluid passing through the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 2), and therefore to reduce the rotation speed of the hydraulic motor connected to it (Fig. 7, pos. 38), it is necessary to apply an electrical control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 7, pos. 19), which will ensure the movement of the locking and regulating element of the first level (Fig. 1, pos. 2) in the direction of decreasing the amount of the supplied working fluid.

After the consumer reaches the required power, the electric control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking-regulating element of the first level is stopped (Fig. 7, pos. 19). The electromechanical drive of the shut-off and control element stops in the selected position. In the block of controlled bypass valves we are considering, four shut-off and control elements of the first level ensure the operation of four hydraulic motors at the same modes at any time of operation. This became possible due to the use of locking and regulating elements of the first level, common for all sections of the electromechanical drive.

As a result, we will be able to change the amount of working fluid supplied to all consumers at the same time and in the same volume, both upward and downward in the amount of working fluid supplied, and achieve the same change in the required power of all connected consumers, in basic modes in the required moment.

As a result, all four hydraulic motors operate synchronously in all modes, which are controlled by the locking and regulating elements of the first level, and at any moment they supply the same power to the propellers connected to them. As a result, all four propellers located along the perimeter of the aircraft rotate at the same speed, and provide the aircraft takeoff, landing and flight altitude change during flight, without changing the position of the aircraft relative to the horizon.

To change the power of the hydraulic motor in a more accurate range, a shut-off-regulating element of the second level is installed in the section.

The shut-off and regulating element of the second level is designed for a more accurate change in the supply of working fluid to the hydraulic motor connected to it, which will make it possible to achieve a change in the power of the hydraulic motor and its rotation speed, at any time of its operation, in the minimum, more accurate range required for operation.

Consider the order of operation of the locking and regulating elements of the second level.

Each shutoff and control element of the second level (Fig. 1, item 3) has its own electromechanical drive of the shutoff and control element of the second level and can accurately adjust the power of one hydraulic motor connected to it.

This design of the separate control of the locking and regulating elements of the second level (Fig. 1, item 3) in the block of adjustable bypass valves allows independent adjustment of the power of any of the consumers, in our case, the hydraulic motors, and hence the gearboxes and propellers connected to them, separately at any time of operation.

That is, if it is necessary to make an accurate adjustment of the power of one hydraulic motor, then the electrical control signal is sent to that electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking-regulating element of the second level, which controls the operation of the locking-regulating element that controls the operation of the hydraulic motor, the power of which must be changed.

If it is necessary to make an accurate adjustment of the power of several hydraulic motors, then electrical control signals are sent to all electric motors, electromechanical drives of locking and regulating elements of the second level, which control the operation of locking and regulating elements that control the operation of hydraulic motors, the power of which must be changed.

The power adjustment of each hydraulic motor from the group of hydraulic motors in which the power needs to be changed is carried out independently. Those. all electric motors of electromechanical drives of shut-off and control elements controlling the operation of hydraulic motors whose power needs to be changed receives its own separate electrical control signal, and its duration depends on which position the selected shut-off and control element of the second level will stop, and how long its bypass channel will be open.

Consider the operation of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, item 3) using one section as an example.

The general principle of operation of the locking and regulating element of the second level is the same as the principle of operation of the locking and regulating element of the first level.

In order for the shut-off-regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, item 3) to begin to move, it is necessary to supply an electrical control signal from the unit that controls the operation of the block of variable bypass valves (Fig. 7, item 41) to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the shut-off and control element of the second level (Fig. 7 pos. 20), which controls the operation of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 7 pos. 3).

After the receipt of an electrical control signal from the block that controls the operation of the block of variable bypass valves (Fig. 7, pos. 41) to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking-and-regulating element of the second level (Fig. 2, pos. 20), the electromechanical drive of the locking-regulating element of the second level begins to move in the direction ensuring the displacement of the locking and regulating element of the second level attached to it (Fig. 1, pos. 3) towards the opening of the bypass channel for supplying the working fluid of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 11). The working fluid, through the bypass channel for supplying the working fluid of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 11), through the channel for supplying the working fluid to the consumer from the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 9), is supplied through a common channel to a hydraulic motor connected to a locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 7, pos. 3) (Fig. 7, pos. 38). The amount of working fluid supplied to the hydraulic motor increases, as a result the speed of the hydraulic motor increases.

From the hydraulic motor (Fig. 7, pos. 38), the working fluid, through a common channel, is directed to the tank for the working fluid (Fig. 7, pos. 36).

After the hydraulic motor (Fig. 7, pos. 38) reaches the required speed, the electrical control signal from the unit controlling the operation of the block of variable bypass valves (Fig. 7, pos. 41) is stopped to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking-regulating element of the second level (Fig. 7, pos. twenty). The electromechanical drive of the second level shut-off and regulating element stops in the selected position.

To increase the amount of working fluid passing through the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 7, pos. 3), and hence to increase the speed of the hydraulic motor connected to it (Fig. 7, pos. 38), it is necessary to send an electrical control signal from the unit that controls the operation of the unit adjustable bypass valves (Fig. 7, pos. 41) to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 7, pos. 20), which will ensure the movement of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 3) in the direction of increase the bypass channel for supplying the working fluid of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, item 11), which means it will increase the amount of the supplied working fluid.

To reduce the amount of working fluid passing through the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 3), and therefore to reduce the speed of the hydraulic motor connected to it (Fig. 7, pos. 38), it is necessary to send an electrical control signal from the unit that controls the operation of the unit adjustable bypass valves (Fig. 7, pos. 41) to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 7, pos. 20), which will ensure the movement of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 3) in the direction of decreasing the bypass channel for supplying the working fluid of the locking and regulating element of the second level (Fig. 1, pos. 10), which means it will reduce the amount of the supplied working fluid.

The locking and regulating element of the second level is designed to accurately change the supply of the working fluid to the hydraulic motor connected to it (Fig. 7, pos. 38). As a result, we will be able to provide a quick, smooth and accurate change in the amount of working fluid supplied to the hydraulic motor (Fig. 7, item 38) at any time of operation, both upward and downward.

Since the hydraulic motor drives the gearbox (Fig. 7, pos. 39) and the propeller (Fig. 7, pos. 40), we can get a change in the rotational speed of the propeller (Fig. 7, pos. 40) equal to several revolutions per minute.

The block of controlled bypass valves, which we are considering, consists of four sections that control the operation of four hydraulic motors, which, through a gearbox, rotate four propellers located around the perimeter of the aircraft.

In the above material it is written that in the block of controlled bypass valves we are considering, four shut-off and control elements of the first level ensure the operation of four hydraulic motors at the same modes at any time of operation, as a result, all four hydraulic motors work synchronously in all modes which are controlled by shut-off and control elements of the first level, and at any time supply the same power to the propellers connected to them. As a result, all four propellers located along the perimeter of the aircraft rotate at the same speed, and provide the aircraft takeoff, landing and flight altitude change during flight, without changing the position of the aircraft relative to the horizon.

The purpose of the second level shutoff and control elements in the block of variable relief valves is to allow the aircraft to move in any direction after takeoff.

In order for the aircraft to start moving forward, it is necessary to add revolutions to the two rear propellers. To do this, it is necessary to send an electrical control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level, which control the movement of the locking and regulating elements of the second level, which control the operation of the hydraulic motors that drive the rear propellers. The electrical control signal applied to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level should ensure the movement of these locking and regulating elements of the second level in the direction of increasing the bypass channel for supplying the working fluid of the locking and regulating element of the second level. As a result, the volume of the working fluid supplied to the hydraulic motors will increase, which means that the rotation speed of the hydraulic motors and gearboxes on which the hydraulic motors and propellers installed on the gearboxes are installed will increase. The aircraft will move forward.

In order for the aircraft to start moving backward, it is necessary to add revolutions to the two forward propellers. To do this, it is necessary to send an electrical control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level, which control the movement of the locking and regulating elements of the second level, which control the operation of the hydraulic motors that drive the front propellers. The electrical control signal applied to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level should ensure the movement of these locking and regulating elements of the second level in the direction of increasing the bypass channel for supplying the working fluid of the locking and regulating element of the second level. As a result, the volume of the working fluid supplied to the hydraulic motors will increase, which means that the rotation speed of the hydraulic motors and gearboxes on which the hydraulic motors and propellers installed on the gearboxes are installed will increase. The aircraft will move backward.

In order for the aircraft to start moving to the right, it is necessary to add revolutions to the front left and rear right propellers. To do this, it is necessary to send an electrical control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level, which control the movement of the locking and regulating elements of the second level, which control the operation of the hydraulic motors that drive these propellers. The electrical control signal applied to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level should ensure the movement of these locking and regulating elements of the second level in the direction of increasing the bypass channel for supplying the working fluid of the locking and regulating element of the second level. As a result, the volume of the working fluid supplied to the hydraulic motors will increase, which means that the rotation speed of the hydraulic motors and gearboxes on which the hydraulic motors and propellers installed on the gearboxes are installed will increase. The aircraft will move to the right.

In order for the aircraft to start moving to the left, it is necessary to add revolutions to the front right and rear left propellers. To do this, it is necessary to send an electrical control signal to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level, which control the movement of the locking and regulating elements of the second level, which control the operation of the hydraulic motors that drive these propellers. The electrical control signal applied to the electric motor of the electromechanical drive of the locking and regulating element of the second level should ensure the movement of these locking and regulating elements of the second level in the direction of increasing the bypass channel for supplying the working fluid of the locking and regulating element of the second level. As a result, the volume of the working fluid supplied to the hydraulic motors will increase, which means that the rotation speed of the hydraulic motors and gearboxes on which the hydraulic motors and propellers installed on the gearboxes are installed will increase. The aircraft will move to the left.

As a result, the block of adjustable bypass valves invented by me will ensure a stable and safe flight of the aircraft in all operating modes, and when used in production or in other equipment, the block of adjustable bypass valves will provide smooth and accurate adjustment of the operating modes of the consumers connected to it.

Claims (1)

A block of regulated bypass valves with an electromechanical drive of a shut-off and control element and variable pressure stabilization valves, consisting of two-level sections that work independently of each other, where each section consists of a shut-off and control element of the first level, a shut-off and control element of the second level, an adjustable valve pressure stabilization and a separate electromechanical drive for controlling the operation of each shut-off and regulating element in the section, while each section has one inlet for supplying the working fluid, a common channel for supplying the working fluid, one outlet for removing the working fluid not used in the work of the consumer, a channel for supplying the working fluid liquid to the consumer from the locking and regulating element of the first level, the channel for supplying the working fluid to the consumer from the locking and regulating element of the second level, where the mechanical drive of the locking and regulating elements is a worm gear, in which the gear is The worm gear is used as an intermediate link to convert the torque of the rotating worm into the translational movement of the threaded rod, around which the worm gear rotates, in which the worm gear and the threaded pin are a gearbox capable of changing the gear ratio of the worm gear by changing the thread pitch, and allows you to simultaneously transmit power from one or more sources, having both the same and different power, to one or several consumers, both with the same and with different power consumption, and at any time of operation is able to provide a simultaneous change in the amount of the supplied working fluid for all consumers, both in the same and different volumes, both in the direction of increasing and in the direction of decreasing the amount of the supplied working fluid for each individual consumer, and to achieve the necessary exact change in the power of any separately taken by the consumer at any time of operation, while maintaining a stable pressure in the hydraulic system in all operating modes.

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