RU2766375C1 - Hydrodynamic reactor for steam generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat engineering, namely to steam production devices for industrial use in oil and gas industries: washing and cleaning from hard-to-remove contaminants in wells, cleaning of deposits in pipes of oil and gas pipelines, defrosting and warming of pipelines. Hydrodynamic reactor comprises a housing made from a stator ring, inner side covers with holes for connecting pipes for supplying heated liquid and steam extraction, rotor in the form of a disc mounted on the shaft and having a radial gap with a stator ring and axial gaps between it and the inner side covers, swirlers made in the form of radially oriented grooves located on both sides of the disc-rotor in the peripheral area, as well as inside inner side covers and stator, fluid supply and discharge branch pipes, assembly for connection to mechanical drive, steam discharge branch pipe. Reactor comprises a magnetic belt consisting of neodymium magnets mounted radially inside the stator ring, additional cavitation projections, which are located on the cylindrical surface of the rotor disc, as well as a recuperative chamber separating the bearing zone from the stator, wherein the stator is made of a non-magnetic material and is closed from the outside by a ring-screen made of a magnetic material.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, higher reliability, stable steam generation with specified parameters, adjustable over a wide range, with any initial temperature of the liquid.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to thermal power engineering, namely to devices for generating steam for industrial use in the oil and gas industries: washing and cleaning of hard-to-remove contaminants in wells, cleaning deposits in oil and gas pipelines, defrosting and heating pipelines.

It is known that in order to heat water or turn it into steam, five types of energy effects on water are used:

- external heat source;

- friction of solids on a liquid or gas;

- creation of reduced pressure and movement of liquid into a zone with increased pressure (cavitation);

- ultrasonic influence;

- electromagnetic influence.

Vortex or cavitation steam generators are known that affect the liquid in almost all of the above ways, which increases the efficiency of obtaining thermal energy and steam from water by creating a vortex cavitation flow, combining water molecules into clusters and rubbing water on the surface of the rotor and stator, where the heating of the liquid and the transformation it into steam does not come from an external heat source, nor from a heat transfer surface, heat is generated inside the liquid without transferring anywhere, with minimal heat loss. Moreover, the water inside the vortex or cavitation steam generator is additionally heated from the inner walls of the heated insulated housing due to the water itself, from mechanical friction, cavitation and ultrasound, in the form of collapse of bubbles resulting from the rotation of the working disk in the closed space of the housing. Due to this synergistic addition of the impact forces (except for the strength of the magnetic field), the heating of the liquid and its transformation into steam occurs much faster and more efficiently than in existing known devices.

Known mechanical heat generator, described in the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2233408, IPC F24J 3/00, 2003, consisting of a detachable housing containing an inlet pipe for supplying cold water, an annular pipe for receiving and directing hot water and steam into the outlet pipe, which serves to removal of hot water or steam, bearing support, passive disk; an active disk mounted on a shaft, which is supported by a bearing assembly and is driven into high-speed rotation. Cold water, entering through the inlet pipe, enters the active disk and, under the action of centrifugal force, exits at high speed through a circular hole into the annular pipe. When water passes through an open cavity with its subsequent exit through a circular hole into an annular pipe at a speed of up to 95 - 110 meters per second and more, hot water, steam and superheated steam are produced. The disadvantage of the described heat generator is a large mechanical load due to high disk speeds (10000-13000 rpm), which is technically difficult to perform and unsafe in case of device failure, in addition, it takes a long time to heat water to 100°C.

Known rotary cavitation steam generator, described in the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 52976 with priority 23.12.2005, IPC F22B 3/06; F22B 27/00, containing a body consisting of a stator ring, front and rear side covers, having inlet and outlet holes for connecting nozzles for supplying heated liquid and steam extraction, at least one rotor in the form of a disk mounted on a shaft and having radial clearance between it and the stator and axial clearances between it and the side covers of the housing, swirlers. The inlet for the liquid supply pipe is located on the peripheral part of the disk in the zone of the radial clearance, and the outlet for the steam extraction pipe is made in the central part of the front cover. The disadvantage of the described device is the pulsating mode of operation, which does not allow to obtain dry saturated steam and does not provide stable steam parameters.

The closest solution to the claimed is a hydrodynamic reactor used in a device for producing steam, described in the RF patent for invention No. 2633725, priority dated 2016.05.20, IPC F24J 3/00, F22B 29/00; F22B 35/06 "METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING STEAM", selected by the applicant as the closest analogue.

According to patent No. 2633725, a device for generating steam includes a reactor with a housing made of a stator ring, front and rear side covers with holes for connecting nozzles, at least one disk-shaped rotor mounted on a shaft and having a radial clearance between it and stator ring and axial gaps between it and the side covers of the housing, cavitators (recesses) located on the cylindrical and end surfaces of the disk, covers and housing, respectively, a system for supplying and draining liquid, a unit for connecting to a mechanical drive, a branch pipe for steam extraction, a system adjustment of steam parameters, installed on the branch pipe for steam extraction, a hydraulic accumulator of superheated liquid, formed by branch pipes connecting holes in the rear and front covers, forming a closed circuit, an intermediate chamber with an air gap and drainage holes, separating the working cavity of the steam generator from the unit for connecting to a mechanical drive , fluid inlet fluid into the working cavity of the steam generator, located in the central part of the back cover in the area of the mechanical seal.

The hydrodynamic reactor used in the described device for generating steam is the closest to the claimed device, so the applicant chooses it as the closest analogue.

However, the hydrodynamic reactor described in patent No. 2633725 has some disadvantages:

- low efficiency of the device;

- the bearing group during long-term operation is strongly heated due to the heat-insulated heated housing;

- a hydraulic accumulator is used to compensate for the pulsating liquid supply to the reactor inlet and reduce fluctuations in energy consumption;

- misalignment of the disk due to strong hydraulic shocks, which has a destructive mechanical effect on the bearing group through the drive shaft.

The technical problem, the solution of which is provided by using the claimed invention, is the expansion of the arsenal of means, namely the creation of a device with which it will be possible to quickly and efficiently convert a liquid into vapor.

The technical result is an increase in efficiency, an increase in the reliability of operation, ensuring a stable process of steam generation with specified parameters, adjustable over a wide range, with any initial temperature of the liquid.

The technical problem is solved and the technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known reactor, including a stator made in the form of a ring, front and rear side covers with holes for connecting pipes for supplying liquid and extracting steam, a disk-shaped rotor mounted on a shaft and having a radial a gap between it and the stator and axial gaps between it and the side covers, swirlers located on the cylindrical and end surfaces of the rotor, covers and stator, the declared reactor additionally contains a magnetic belt consisting of neodymium magnets installed radially inside the stator with a constant pitch, as well as additional cavitation protrusions located on the cylindrical surface of the rotor, and a recuperative chamber separating the bearing zone from the heated stator, while the stator is made of non-magnetic material, and the stator is outside closed with a ring-screen.

In addition, the claimed device contains pressure equalizers installed coaxially on the stator covers, closed in a ring and spaced apart along the periphery at an angle of 120° or 90°. Moreover, in the claimed device with a magnetic system, as a result of obtaining a more stable process of cavitation formation, subject to continuous dosed and highly stable liquid supply to the reactor, pressure equalizers may be absent.

In the claimed device, the liquid is fed into the working cavity of the reactor heated due to heat transfer from the heated bearing group.

According to the invention, the intensity of high-speed mechanical cavitation accompanied by resonant sound vibrations in a reactor with a magnetic system is significantly enhanced due to the resulting double effect on the formation of a steam-water mixture:

- liquid falling on a rotating disk is thrown by inertia onto the inner wall of the stator ring and "clamped" in a narrow gap between the rotor and the stator, where a strong magnetic field is formed due to magnets radially mounted in the stator. The magnetic field in the cavitation flow of the vortex flow affects the separation of water molecules. Hydrogen is diamagnetic and is pushed out of the magnetic field, while oxygen has paramagnetic properties and is drawn into the magnetic field, which contributes to breaking the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen in the supplied liquid;

- cavitation protrusions of the rotor are located opposite the stator magnets at a close distance from them and due to this arrangement they close the magnetic field through themselves, forming through the protrusions an increased density and depth of the penetrating flow. Moreover, due to the stationarity of the magnetic poles of the stator, when the rotor rotates, the cavitation protrusions are displaced relative to the stator poles, while there is a periodic change in the direction of the magnetization of the magnetic field to the opposite through the moving cavitation protrusions and the peripheral surface of the disk, creating induction currents - Foucault currents, at which additional heating occurs periphery of the working disk together with cavitation protrusions.

Thus, in the claimed reactor, due to the belt of high-temperature neodymium magnets, an additional force effect on the supplied liquid appears - this is the stator magnetic field, under the influence of which the required pressure and temperature of the vortex flow and then steam are reached faster, and the closer the cavitation protrusions are located to the magnets, the stronger the impact on breaking the bonds of water molecules, the stronger the intensity and depth of penetration of the focused magnetic field into the disk, and, as a result, the deeper and stronger the heating of the disk.

Due to the synergistic addition of the impact forces in the working zone of the reactor, including the magnetic impact, the heating of the liquid and its transformation into steam occurs much faster and more efficiently, which is due to the increased intensity of the ongoing mechanical cavitation processes with reduced energy consumption.

To increase the efficiency in the claimed device, the heat generated in the area of the bearing assembly is used as an inlet fluid heater, while the bearing assembly is simultaneously cooled, and the entire reactor vessel is covered with a heat-insulating layer.

The claimed invention is illustrated by graphic materials:

Fig.1 - hydrodynamic reactor with one working disk (in section);

Fig.2 - hydrodynamic reactor with three working disks (in section);

Fig.3 - magnetic system built into the stator ring (installation options);

Fig.4 - 2D model of the formation of a magnetic mole in the working cavity when the magnets are located according to option No. 3;

Fig.5 - working cavity with a magnetic field during the movement of the disk-rotor.

The claimed hydrodynamic reactor (Figure 1) contains the following parts:

1 - mechanical drive shaft;

2 - collar seals;

3 - end cap;

4 - bearing assembly;

5 - bearings;

6 - spacer sleeve;

7 - intermediate liquid chamber;

8 - cooling and lubrication chamber;

9 - ceramic seal;

10 - drainage holes;

11 - stuffing box;

12 - inner left cover;

13 - holes of the rotor;

14 - pressure equalizer;

15 - gland (left and right);

16 - housing (stator);

17 - ring-screen;

18 - housing recesses for neodymium magnets;

19 - high-temperature neodymium magnet;

20 - bushing;

21 - ring for holding magnets;

22 - recesses of a cylindrical shape;

23 - cavitation protrusions;

24 - swirlers located radially on both sides of the rotor, as well as with

the inner sides of the inner left and right covers;

25 - rotor;

26 - inner right cover;

27 - end cap;

28 - gland of the end cap;

29 - hole for measuring pressure;

30 - hole for temperature measurement;

31 pressure relief holes;

32 - hub;

33 - washer;

34 - end outlet for steam release;

35 - nut;

36 - heat-insulating coating;

37 - key;

38 - right support;

39 - drain pipe;

40 - left support.

To achieve a stable steam output in the claimed reactor, the accumulating volume was increased and its dimensions were reduced due to the use of an end cap 27 with a side hole 29 for measuring pressure, instead of an outlet cone (a device in the central part of the disk from which steam is supplied under pressure), with with a side port 30 for temperature measurement, with a side port 31 for pressure relief and an end port 34 for the release of steam, which eliminated the need for installation of special fasteners for attachments.

The inner left cover 12, the inner right cover 26, the screen ring 17, the bearing assembly 4, the end cap 27 and the rotor 25 can be made (when working with an aggressive environment - salt water, detergents, etc.) from stainless magnetic steel 20X13 GOST1577-93, 30X13 GOST1577-93, 40X13 GOST1577-93, and when working with a normal medium (water, distilled or industrial water) from ordinary steel ST-3, ST-8, ST-10, since this material shields well magnetic waves and does not release them outside the reactor.

The claimed hydrodynamic reactor (Figure 1), unlike the closest analogue, additionally contains:

- a magnetic belt consisting of neodymium magnets 19 installed inside the stator 16 radially with a constant pitch, with each magnet placed in a sleeve made of soft non-magnetic material;

- additional cavitation protrusions 23, located on the cylindrical surface of the rotor 25;

- recuperative chamber 7 (intermediate liquid chamber) separating the bearing area (bearing assembly) from the heated stator 16;

- the stator 16, made of non-magnetic material, which easily passes the magnetic field through itself (stainless steel 12X18H10T), is closed from the outside with a screen ring 17 to concentrate the magnetic field strength inside the stator.

Neodymium magnets 19 installed in the housing recesses 18 are protected from vibration by bushings 20 made of soft non-magnetic material (for example, brass, copper, bronze, tin), and to keep them inside the stator they are closed with a thin ring 21 of non-magnetic material, and on the ring 21 with On the outer side, there are additional recesses 22 of a cylindrical shape, offset relative to the recesses 18 for magnets (approximately half the distance between them).

On the cylindrical surface of the rotor 25 there are cavitation protrusions 23 located close, opposite and coaxially to the installed neodymium magnets 19, so the protrusions 23 focus the density and increase the depth of the penetrating magnetic flux, close it through themselves and, thus, "rake" the fluid flow, leaving behind a discharged area, that is, they form cavitation better and contribute to a deeper heating of the rotor by 25 Foucault currents.

A variant of a hydrodynamic reactor with a magnetic belt and three working disks (Figure 2) is possible, which contains the following parts:

1 - mechanical drive;

2 - collar seals;

3 - end cover;

4 - bearing assembly;

5 - bearings;

6 - spacer sleeve;

7 - intermediate liquid chamber;

8 - cooling and lubrication chamber;

9 - ceramic seal;

10 - drainage holes;

11 - stuffing box;

12 - inner left cover;

13 - compensation holes of the rotor;

14 - pressure equalizer;

15 - gland (left and right);

16 - body;

17 - ring-screen;

18 - housing recesses for magnets (left and right);

19 - high-temperature neodymium magnets (left and right);

20 - bushing;

21 - ring for holding magnets;

22 - recesses of the cylindrical shape of the ring 21;

23 - cavitation protrusions;

24 - swirlers located radially on both sides of the disks 25 and 44, the ring 21 and inside the inner left 12 and inner right 26 covers;

25 - left disk (rotor);

26 - inner right cover;

27 - end cap;

28 - gland of the end cap;

29 - hole for measuring pressure;

30 - hole for temperature measurement;

31 - hole for pressure relief;

32 - hub;

33 - washer;

34 - end outlet for steam release;

35 - nut;

36 - heat-insulating coating;

37 - key;

38 - right support;

39 - drain pipe;

40 - left support;

41 - recesses of the cylindrical shape of the ring to hold the magnets;

42 - recesses of the cylindrical shape of the spacer disk;

43 - spacer disc;

44 - right disk (rotor);

45 - counterweight to equalize the load on the bearings.

Claimedhydrodynamic reactor with three working disks (Figure 2) contains a spacer disk 43 installed between the right and left rotor disks, designed to reduce vibrations from hydrodynamic effects and reduce the "working zone" of steam formation, two rows (belts) high-temperature neodymium magnets 19, placed along the inner cylindrical surface of the stator ring, and protected from vibration by bushings 20 made of soft non-magnetic material and closed by a ring 21 made of non-magnetic material, on which inside along the entire length in two rows there are recesses offset from the recesses 18 of the stator ring 22 of a cylindrical shape, and on the protrusion of the ring 21 on both sides, radially opposed elongated swirlers 24 are placed, and on the inner part of the cylindrical surface of the ring 21 along the entire length there are identical cylindrical recesses 41, while on the cylindrical surface of the disks 25 and 44 additionally installed cavitation protrusions 23, and on the cylindrical surface of the spacer disk recesses 42 are cylindrical in shape.

In the stator 16 of the reactor in the working area of the swirlers on the inner covers 12 and 26 on the periphery there are 3-4 paired holes spaced apart from each other at an angle of 120° or 90°, respectively, and closed in 3 or 4 ring-shaped circuits, which will ensure pressure equalization of the "active zones" of the working cavity of the reactor, will reduce micro-distortions of the rotor and increase the working life of the product as a whole.

The liquid can be ordinary water, saline or water mixed with other soluble substances or liquids.

Thus, the claimed hydrodynamic reactor (Figure 2), in contrast to the closest analogue, contains a stator ring 16 made of non-magnetic material, inside which two rows (belts) of high-temperature neodymium magnets 19 are mounted, planted in vibration-protecting bushings 20 made of soft non-magnetic material and closed by a ring 21 of non-magnetic material. Thus, in the claimed reactor, two annular magnetic fields are created, the properties of which may vary depending on the combination of the location of the magnets (Figure 3).

Outside, the stator 16 is closed by a ring-screen 17, which ensures the concentration of magnetic fields inside the stator.

Figure 4 shows a 2D model of the formation of a magnetic field along the working disk and the stator ring for one of the options (option No. 3) of the location of the magnets (in the program Femm ver.4.2).

Figure 5 schematically shows the working cavity with a magnetic field during the movement of the rotor disk and the induction of Foucault currents, as a result of which the entire periphery of the working disk is heated together with the cavitation protrusions.

The claimed solution is disclosed in relation to the preferred options for its implementation, however, similar options for its implementation are possible, without going beyond the scope of the legal protection of the present invention.

The device works as follows:

The supply of liquid to the working cavity of the hydrodynamic reactor is carried out under excessive pressure continuously in a strictly metered amount. To prevent wear of the working surfaces of the cavitators and reduce the starting currents of the electric motor when operating in a dense liquid medium, at the stage of heating the steam generator (until the formation of a steam-water mixture), the liquid is fed into an unfilled steam generator with simultaneous start-up of the hydrodynamic reactor. Through the intermediate liquid chamber 7, the liquid enters through the cooling and lubrication chamber 8 onto the rotating disk 25, where the liquid is thrown by the forces of rotational inertia to the periphery of the disk. In the zone of the radial gap between the rotor 25 and the stator ring 16, the axial gap between the rotor 25, left 12 and right 26 inner covers under the action of inertial forces, a rotating aerosol cloud is formed in the form of a three-dimensional ring.

Under the influence of swirlers 24 and the magnetic field in the rotating ring of the atomized liquid, as a result of the friction of the liquid on the surface of the rotor and stator, shear stresses occur, water molecules join into clusters, disruptions and pulsations of the liquid, which, as a result of hydrodynamic action, create a cavitation rapidly heating and expanding under pressure. eddy flow, where the steam-water mixture passes into the vapor phase. Moreover, the intensity of the steam formation process is simultaneously enhanced by the heated peripheral surface of the rotating disk (rotor), which is heated by the induction currents of the stator magnetic field during disk 25 rotation. thanks to the measuring instruments installed in the holes 29, 30 and 31 of the end cap 27, the state of the steam is monitored. The release of steam is compensated by a continuous supply of liquid at the inlet.

The use of the claimed invention will expand the arsenal of means by which it will be possible to quickly and efficiently convert liquid into steam, as well as increase efficiency, increase the reliability of the device, and ensure a stable steam generation process.

Claims (5)

1. Hydrodynamic reactor, including a housing made of a stator ring, inner side covers with holes for connecting pipes for supplying heated liquid and steam extraction, a disk-shaped rotor mounted on a shaft and having a radial clearance with a stator ring and axial clearances between it and internal side covers, swirlers made in the form of radially oriented grooves located on both sides of the rotor disc in the peripheral area, as well as inside the inner side covers and the stator, fluid inlet and outlet pipes, a unit for connecting to a mechanical drive, a steam outlet pipe, characterized in that contains a magnetic belt consisting of neodymium magnets mounted radially inside the stator ring, additional cavitation protrusions, which are located on the cylindrical surface of the rotor disk, as well as a recuperative chamber separating the bearing area from the stator, the stator being made of non-magnetic material and closed from the outside with a ring-screen made of magnetic material. 2. The hydrodynamic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that each neodymium magnet is placed in a sleeve made of soft non-magnetic material, and to hold the magnets, they are closed from above by a ring with swirlers made in the form of cylindrical recesses and offset relative to the recesses for the magnets, while The ring is made of non-magnetic material. 3. Hydrodynamic reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has an end cap with a number of side holes for measuring pressure, temperature and pressure relief, as well as an outlet for steam release. 4. Hydrodynamic reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains two magnetic belts of neodymium magnets installed inside the stator, a second rotor disc and a spacer disc installed between the first and second rotor discs. 5. Hydrodynamic reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that,what contains pressure equalizers made in the form of circuits closed in a ring, which are mounted coaxially on the stator covers and spaced apart along the periphery at an angle of 90 or 120°.

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