RU2767265C2 - Method and installation for round-the-clock desalination of sea water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technology of water and air purification.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for round-the-clock desalination of sea water in countries with a warm climate suffering shortage of fresh water. Plant for round-the-clock desalination of sea water contains solar battery 1, an electric energy accumulator 33 with a transformer, a sea water intake pump 16, steam turbine 30 with an electric generator, units for heating 19 and evaporation 20 of sea water, units for overheating 21 and decomposition 22 of water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen, unit for condensation of water vapor 31, reservoir 32 for collecting condensate — desalinated water, units 24 and 23 for accumulation and storage, respectively, hydrogen and oxygen, unit 25 for combustion of hydrogen in oxygen, unit 26 for instantaneous evaporation of water and obtaining a salt melt and unit 27 for accumulating its heat for supply to unit 21 in the dark. When filling unit 27, excess melt is supplied to unit 28 for additional evaporation of sea water, and then into unit 29 of salt melt cooling and unloading of salt. Hydraulic turbine 18 is intended for generation of electric power and is interconnected with accumulation tank 17 for sea water and with accumulator 33. Between units 24 and 25 there is unit 36 for using part of hydrogen to obtain additional electric power in generator 37, which is necessary for operation in the dark, as well as unit 38 for mixing and aligning hydrogen flows coming from units 24 and 36. Unit 26, in which high-temperature steam is also obtained, is interconnected by means of unit 21 with steam turbine 30. In the daytime, solar energy converted to electric power by means of solar battery 1 is accumulated in accumulator 33 and used in units 19, 20, 21 and 22. At night, when solar battery 1 does not work, desalination of sea water is carried out due to thermal energy released in unit 25, providing accumulation and constant temperature of salt melt in units 26 and 27, operation of turbine 30, unit 36, generator 37, pump 16 and compressor 34.

EFFECT: reduced power consumption without environmental pollution.

2 cl, 13 dwg

Description

This method and installation relate to the field of sea water desalination and can be used for its round-the-clock desalination in countries with a warm climate that lack fresh water.

There are various methods of desalination of sea water: desalination without changing its state of aggregation and with an intermediate transition of water into a solid or gaseous state.

In the first case, the following processes can be used in desalination methods: chemical [RU 2663858 C1, description published 08/10/2018], electrochemical [RF 2412118 C2, description published 07/10/2010], reverse osmosis [RU 2688768 C1, description published 05/22/2019] . Chemical processes can require large amounts of reagents and all require electrical energy from external sources. The disadvantages of reverse osmosis are the low productivity of the plants, the significant amount of their operating costs, the high cost of desalinated water.

In the second case, water desalination, for example, by freezing, although quite economical, however, requires bulky equipment and electricity from its extraneous sources [SU 1673153 A1, description published 08/30/1991].

Thermal desalination, also related to the second case, is a very common desalination method. Sea water is evaporated, the resulting steam is condensed, resulting in distilled water. The disadvantage is the high heat consumption for water evaporation. In the case of using methods and devices for water evaporation that require electrical energy from its extraneous sources, for example, thermal power plants or nuclear power plants [RU 2414379 C1, description published on March 20, 2010], the seawater desalination process becomes very expensive. In addition, the areas where these methods and devices can be used are significantly limited.

This circumstance has led to the emergence of methods and devices that allow the use of practically free types of energy: wind energy [RU 2324657 C2, description published on May 20, 2008], sea wave energy [RU 2409522 C2, description published on January 20, 2011], solar energy [RU 2451641 C2, description published 05/27/2012]. However, in these cases, continuous desalination of sea water requires electrical energy from its extraneous sources, thermal power plants or nuclear power plants.

There is a method of continuous desalination of sea water [DE 3132868 A1, description published 03.03.1983]. This method allows you to get fresh water both during the day and at night. During the day, due to solar energy, not only desalination of sea water takes place, but also the accumulation of thermal energy in a chemical heat accumulator. At night, desalination of sea water occurs due to this accumulated heat.

An installation operating according to this method does not require the use of electricity from its extraneous sources. The disadvantage of the installation operating according to this method is that in case of need for large amounts of fresh water, it becomes necessary to significantly increase the volume of the chemical heat accumulator, as well as the need to use reduced pressure in the process of evaporation of heated water.

There is a method and device that allows simultaneously with the desalination of sea water to carry out the generation of electricity [DE 10222316 B4, published 13.05.2004]. An installation operating according to this method uses solar energy, under the influence of which sea water is heated and evaporated in the boiler. The resulting pressurized water vapor is sent to a steam turbine, which drives an electric generator. There is also a process of accumulating thermal energy in a container with mineral oil due to its heating by sunlight. This allows you to desalinate sea water at night.

Closest to the proposed method is the method [DE 102017010897 A1, publ. May 29, 2019]. This method proposes the use of solar energy to carry out all the necessary processes for the desalination of sea water. The method involves heating and evaporating water, decomposing water into hydrogen and oxygen, accumulating these gases, burning hydrogen in an oxygen-air mixture of gases, using the released energy to produce a salt melt and accumulating it, using the salt melt as a storage of thermal energy, generating electricity, and accumulating it, obtaining salt, obtaining fresh water (condensate) suitable for technical purposes.

This method allows the accumulation of solar energy both in salt melt and in gas, which makes it possible to carry out the process of seawater desalination around the clock. However, with this method, in the case of an increase in the production of desalinated water, the amount of generated electrical energy required for the operation of the plant in the dark may be insufficient.

There are also known installations for desalination of sea water with distillation by thermal action on it. These include, for example, Desalination plant [Patent description RU 2414379 C1 published on 03/20/2010]. This plant contains a pump for supplying raw water, a heat exchanger with a coil connected to the condenser on one side and to the heater on the other side and having a brine drain line, a vacuum pump, an additional condensate drain tank connected to the condenser, a steam device. The heater and condenser of the plant are equipped with coils. Sea water flows through a vacuum pump, condenser, heat exchanger and heater coils into the steam device, the resulting steam enters further into the condenser. The resulting condensate flows into an additional container. Thanks to the operation of the vacuum pump, the process of evaporation of sea water is intensified.

According to the description, this installation is simple in design and very reliable. However, for the operation of this installation, electrical energy is needed from its external supplier (CHP, NPP, etc.). This is the disadvantage of this setup.

Recently, the issue of environmental cleanliness of production has been increasingly raised, which has necessitated the use of clean energy sources, one of which is solar energy. So Device for desalination of sea water [RU 2409522 C2, description published 20.01.2011] refers to inventions that use solar energy for its evaporation. The device contains wave pumps and an evaporation chamber connected to them by a pipeline, reserve tanks for supplying water during calm, a tank for collecting and mineralizing condensed fresh water, and a drain channel. Parabolic mirrors are directed to the evaporation-condensing chamber and reserve tanks, allowing the use of solar energy to heat and evaporate sea water. This device works without the use of electricity from its external suppliers, however, only during the daytime.

Also known is the Desalination plant [RU 2412909 C1, description published on February 27, 2011]. This unit is designed for seawater desalination and can be used in hot climate areas. The plant contains a water source, a source water pump, a heat exchanger - a source water heater, a circulation pump, a centrifugal vortex steam generator, a steam condenser, a condensate storage tank with a discharge pipe. The source water heater receives solar energy using focusing reflectors or a lens.

This installation helps to reduce energy costs, but in this mode it can only work during the daytime. For operation at night time, the sea water heater also has an electric heater, which is powered by external sources of electricity (CHP, NPP, etc.). This is its disadvantage, because. the installation is not completely autonomous, which means that it indirectly contributes to the violation of the ecology of the environment.

Closest to the proposed invention is a plant for desalination of sea water, presented in [DE 10 2010 012 297 A1, description published 29.09.2010]. This installation allows you to get drinking water using electricity obtained by focusing the sun's rays. The installation contains a parabolic mirror, a heat exchanger, a steam turbine, a steam condenser. A pipe is installed at the focus of the mirror, which is connected to the heat exchanger. In the resulting closed system, a liquid circulates, which, under the action of sunlight in a pipe located at the focus of the mirror, heats up and enters the heat exchanger. Here it gives up its heat to the sea water and then goes back to the heating. Sea water, which received heat from the circulating liquid, evaporates, the resulting steam is superheated and enters the steam turbine, rotating it. Here it is cooled and then in the condenser the steam turns into fresh water. The turbine is connected to an electric generator that generates electricity.

This installation does not consume electricity from its extraneous sources and is practically successful from the point of view of ecology. However, she has a significant drawback: she can only work during the day, in the presence of the sun.

The proposed method also includes the processes of converting solar energy into electrical energy, heating and evaporating water, overheating water vapor with simultaneous generation of electrical energy, decomposition of water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen, their accumulation, combustion of hydrogen in oxygen, production and accumulation of salt melt, as accumulator of thermal energy, obtaining fresh water (condensate), accumulation of electrical energy. In contrast to the above method, the proposed seawater desalination method provides for the use of a portion of the accumulated hydrogen before burning it in oxygen to generate additional electrical energy. The proposed method, consisting of a number of processes, is shown in FIG. 1, where 1 is a solar battery that converts solar energy into electrical energy 2 is the accumulation of electrical energy and its distribution, 3 is the heating of sea water, 4 is the evaporation of water, 5 is the superheating of water vapor and the generation of electrical energy, 6 is the decomposition of water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen, 7 - condensate collection, 8 - hydrogen accumulation, 9 - oxygen accumulation, 10 - use of a part of hydrogen to obtain additional electrical energy, 11 - electrical energy generation, 12 - pressure equalization of two hydrogen streams, 13 - combustion of hydrogen in oxygen, 14 - obtaining a salt melt and accumulating its heat, 15 - cooling the salt solution and unloading the salt. As can be seen from FIG. 1 heating of sea water, its evaporation, superheating of water vapor, and the process of decomposition of water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen occur using electricity. According to the proposed method, sea water is heated, then enters the evaporation zone, then into the steam overheating zone. Here, part of the steam enters the zone of its decomposition into hydrogen and oxygen under the action of a high voltage electric current. Part of the steam is fed to a turbine connected to an electric generator. The generated electrical energy is accumulated. The resulting hydrogen and oxygen are also accumulated. Further, the hydrogen flow from the storage is divided into two, one of them is sent for additional generation of electricity before burning. For this, an elastic element immersed in water is used. Depending on its filling with hydrogen and the water level, this element makes a translational movement up and down. This movement is converted into a rotational one, which makes it possible to set in motion the shaft of the electric energy generator. The generated electricity is stored.

When hydrogen is removed from the elastic element, it mixes with the hydrogen flow from the storage and equalizes the pressures of the two flows. After that, hydrogen is fed to combustion in oxygen.

As a result of the combustion of hydrogen, a large amount of heat is generated, which is used to obtain a salt melt from sea water and a concentrated salt solution formed when sea water is heated and evaporated (not shown in Fig. 1).

As the amount of salt melt, which serves as an accumulator of thermal energy, increases, part of it is removed, cooled, and the resulting salt is stored and then transported to potential customers. To implement such a method, the following setup is proposed in FIG. 2. This installation also applies to installations using solar energy. It consists of a block 16 - a seawater intake pump, a block 17 - a storage tank for sea water, a block 18 - a hydraulic turbine, a water preheating block - 19, a water evaporation block - 20, a block 31 - a steam condenser, a block 32 - a collector condensate with a drain pipe. The installation has block 1 - a solar battery and block 33 - a battery with a transformer.

In addition, the installation has a block 34 - compressor. To ensure complete autonomy of the installation from external sources of electricity and for its round-the-clock operation, it additionally contains a steam superheating unit - 21, a steam decomposition unit into hydrogen and oxygen - 22, oxygen accumulation and storage units - 23 and hydrogen - 24, block 25 - a combustion chamber hydrogen in oxygen, a unit for instantaneous evaporation of sea water and obtaining molten salt - 26, a unit for accumulating molten salt as a thermal energy accumulator - 27, a unit for additional evaporation of sea water - 28, a unit for cooling molten salt and its unloading - 29, a unit for accumulating concentrated salt solution - 35, a turbine block with an electric generator - 30, a block for using a part of hydrogen to obtain additional electrical energy - 36 with an electric power generator - 37, a block for mixing hydrogen flows and equalizing their pressures - 38. Blocks 1, 16, 18, 19 , 20, 21, 22, 30, 34, 36, 37 are connected by cables to the block 33 (shown in Fig. 2 by dashed lines).

On FIG. 3 schematically shows block 19 and FIG. 4 - block 20. In block 19 there is an electric heater (TEH) - 39 and a heat exchanger - 40. In block 20 there is an electric heater (TEN) - 41 and a heat exchanger - 42. Electric heaters are powered from block 33.

On FIG. 5 schematically shows block 21.

Here 43 - branch pipe for incoming steam with a temperature of 100 ° C, 44 - branch pipe with a valve for exiting excess steam with a temperature of 120 ° C, 45 - branch pipe with a valve for outgoing steam with a temperature of 120 ° C, 46 - electric heater (heater), 47 - branch pipe for steam leaving after the steam turbine, 48 - branch pipe for steam outlet with a temperature of 500 ° C, 49 - electric heater (heater), 50 - branch pipe for incoming high-temperature steam from block 26, 51 - branch pipe for incoming high-temperature steam from block 28, 52 - steam pipeline for passing steam, 53 - pipe for supplying steam to a steam turbine.

In block 22, electrodes are installed that, when a high voltage direct current is applied to them, create a constant electric field of high intensity.

On FIG. 6 schematically shows block 25.

Here 54 is a steam zone with a temperature of 120°C, and 55 is a high-temperature steam zone. On FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 schematically shows block 26,

where 56 is a pipe with high temperature steam, 57 is a steam jacket, 58 is a zone of instantaneous evaporation of water, 59 is a pipe for supplying sea water, 60 is a pipe for supplying concentrated salt solution, 61 is a pipe for molten salt outlet, 63 is a pipe for outlet high temperature steam.

On FIG. 9 shows block 27 schematically.

Here 63 are inlet steam pipes, 64 is a pipe of incoming molten salt, 65 are heat exchangers, 66 are pipes for steam outlet, 67 is a pipe for exiting an excess amount of salt melt, 68 is a pipe for complete removal of molten salt. On FIG. 10 schematically shows block 28.

Here 69 - branch pipes for incoming steam, 70 - heat exchangers, 71 - branch pipe for supplying sea water, 72 - branch pipe for supplying concentrated salt solution, 73 - branch pipe for incoming salt melt, 74 - branch pipe for superheated steam inlet, 75 - branch pipe for outlet molten salt, 76 - branch pipes for steam outlet, 77 - branch pipe for complete removal of molten salt. Block 29.

On FIG. 11 schematically shows block 36 with electric power generator 37. Here 78 is a pipe for supplying hydrogen from storage, 79 is a pipe for removing hydrogen, 80 is a butterfly valve, 81 is a container with liquid, 82 is a second container with liquid, 83 is a third container with liquid , 84 - flexible pipe, 85 - variable length lever, 86 - movable watertight coupling, 87 - lever support 85, 88 - guide support, 89 - gas-filled elastic element, 90 - movable linkage units of the lever 85, 91 - main hydraulic cylinder, 92 - the piston of the main hydraulic cylinder, 93-cable, 94 - the axis of rotation of the lever 85, 95 - the first hydraulic line, 96 - rotary damper, 97 - weight compensator free play of the cable 93, 98 - weight-counterweight of the reverse motion of the cable 93, 99 - second hydraulic line, 100 - guide roller, 101 - roller pushers, 102 - guide stop, 103 - translational-to-rotational conversion cylinder, 104 - cylinder gear 103,105 - main transmission gear, 106 - countershaft gear, 107 - power generator drive shaft, 38 - power generator, 108 - working hydraulic cylinder, 109 - working cylinder piston, 110 - fixed blocks, 111 - movable block, 112 - rotary valve, 113 - rotary valve, 114 - liquid supply pipe to the upper part of the working cylinder, 115 - liquid outlet pipe from the upper part of the cylinder, 116 - piston rod nozzle of the working cylinder 109, 17 - electrical terminals of the electric power generator, 118 - liquid outlet pipe from the lower part of the working cylinder, 119 - the first movable damper of the working cylinder, 120 - the second movable damper of the working cylinder, 21 - the collecting tank of the working fluid, 122 - the first movable damper is the movable damper of the collecting tank of the working fluid, 123 - the second movable damper of the collecting tank of the working fluid , 124 - guide stop.

On FIG. 12 shows the development of the cylinder 103 with grooves for roller followers 101.

Blocks 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 35 must be thermally insulated. The weight compensator for the free play of the cable 97 and the weight-counterweight 98 are hollow inside to ensure their buoyancy. The piping system 95, 99 114, 115, 118, the tank 121, the working cylinder 108 and the main cylinder 91 are filled with liquid (eg industrial oil).

There are three operating modes of the installation. 1. Initial launch of the installation.

The installation is started during daylight hours as follows. First, the solar battery 1 is turned on and electrical energy is stored in the battery with a transformer 33. Then, sea water, using a pump (block 16), powered by electricity from the battery with a transformer 33, which is connected to the solar battery 1, is supplied to block 17, where it occurs. accumulation, which allows you to have a supply of water for continuous operation of the installation in the event of a pump failure (block 16). Next, sea water enters block 19, where it is preheated using an electric heater (TEH) - 39 (Fig. 3). Part of the sea water from block 17 is fed to a hydraulic turbine 18, which produces electrical energy supplied to the accumulator 33. After block 18, sea water is also supplied to block 19. The sea water heated in block 19 enters further to block 20 (Fig. 4), where it is due to the operation of the electric heater (TEH) - 41 evaporates and the resulting steam with a temperature of 100°C enters the unit 21 (Fig. 5). In blocks 19 and 20, the concentration of salt in the water increases over time, a concentrated salt solution is formed, which is discharged to block 35, where it accumulates. At the same time, fresh sea water enters blocks 19 and 20. Thus, there is a stabilization of the salt concentration in the water inside the blocks 19 and 20, which is important for their continuous operation.

The steam that enters block 21 through branch pipe 43 is divided into two streams (Fig. 5). The first flow is heated up to 120°C with the help of an electric heater (TEH) - 46 and is removed through a branch pipe with a valve - 45. Excess steam is removed through a branch pipe with a valve - 44, and the second steam flow is heated to a temperature of 500°C using an electric heater (TEH) - 49 and removed through the pipe - 48.

The first steam flow is sent through the steam line through blocks 25, 26, 27, 28 back to block 21, then through the steam line - 52 to block 20 and through it to block 19 and then through the steam line to the condensation unit - 31, where it is cooled and converted into demineralized water, which accumulates in block 32. The second steam flow with a temperature of 500°C is sent to block 22, where, under the action of a constant electric field of high intensity, the process of decomposition of superheated water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen takes place. These gases are sent for accumulation in storage units 23 and 24 until the tanks are filled. Steam flows with temperatures of 120°C and 500°C can be controlled using valves on pipes - 44 and 45. After the accumulation of gases in storage blocks 23 and 24, block 38 is being prepared for operation (Fig. 9). In tanks 81 and 83, with the help of a pump (not shown in the diagrams), with open rotary valves 96 and 113, sea water begins to be poured. The cufflink 112 is closed. The elastic element 89 is located at the bottom of the container 81. The piston 92 of the main cylinder 91 is in the upper position, the load - the compensator 97 of the free play of the cable 93 is in the upper position, the weight - counterweight 98 of the reverse stroke of the cable 93 is in the lower position. At the same time, hydrogen from the storage unit 24 through a pipeline with a hydrogen supply pipe 78 with an open butterfly valve that blocks the hydrogen removal pipe 79 at this time and further through a flexible pipeline enters the gas-filled elastic element 89. As it is filled with hydrogen, it partially squeezes water into container 82, which forms a system of communicating vessels with container 81.

2. Operation of the installation during daylight hours.

Oxygen from storage block 23 enters block 25. Hydrogen from storage block 24 enters block 38. Part of the hydrogen continues to flow into the gas-filled elastic element 89, which, under the action of the Archimedes force, begins to rise upward. It acts on a variable length lever 85 which causes the piston 92 to slowly move downwards. Butterfly valve 96 closes. The load - compensator 97 of the free play of the cable 93 begins to move down. There is no water in the tank 82, as the butterfly valve 112 continues to remain closed. Load - counterweight 99 reverse cable 93 begins to float. Next, the butterfly valve 112 opens and the container 82 begins to fill with water from the container 83. The tension of the cable 93 is weakened and it does not prevent the downward movement of the piston 92. The piston 92 squeezes out the liquid, which through the pipe 95 enters the working cylinder 108 and pushes the piston of the working cylinder 109 up . In this case, the dampers 102, 120, 122 are closed, and the damper 119 is opened. This translational movement of the working piston 109 is converted into a rotational movement of the guide roller 100 and roller followers 101 mounted on the nozzle 116 of the rod of the working piston 109. The guide roller 100 moves upward along the guide stop 124, and the roller followers move upward along the grooves of the translational-to-rotational conversion cylinder. 103, causing it to spin. There are gears 104 on the cylinder. These gears transmit rotation to the main transmission gears 105, which in turn transmit rotation to the gears of the intermediate shaft 106. The lower gear of the intermediate shaft transmits rotation to the drive shaft 107 of the electric generator 38. The electrical energy generated by this generator is supplied to terminals 117 and further by cable to the battery pack 33. When the working piston reaches the upper position, the dampers 119, 123 close, and the dampers 120 and 122 open. Fluid begins to flow into the upper part of the working cylinder 108, causing its piston 109 to move down. In this case, the guide roller 100 begins to move down along the guide stop 124. The roller pushers also move down, however, thanks to the grooves of the cylinder for converting translational motion into rotational motion 103, made according to their development (Fig. 12 and Fig. 13), it continues to rotate without changing his directions. Due to the open damper 122, the liquid squeezed out by the piston 109 of the working cylinder 108 enters the container 121. When the piston of the working cylinder moves up again, the damper 123 opens and the liquid enters the container 121. Since the volume of the working cylinder is much less than the volume of the main cylinder, then at one stroke the piston of the main cylinder moves down, the piston of the working cylinder makes a repeated movement up and down. When the piston 92 of the main cylinder 91 reaches the lower position, the gas-filled elastic element 89 starts pumping hydrogen, which then enters the block 38, where the two hydrogen streams are mixed and their pressures are equalized. As hydrogen is pumped out of the gas-filled element 89, it ceases to put pressure on the lever 85, which in turn ceases to act on the piston 92. The water from the tank 83 begins to be pumped out and the weight-counterweight 98 of the return stroke of the cable 93 begins to fall down and pull the piston 92 up. Further, all phases of the node operation are repeated. For continuous operation of block 36, it is necessary to have two containers with elastic elements and two main cylinders operating in antiphase. From block 38, hydrogen enters block 25.

In this block, hydrogen is burned in oxygen at a temperature of about 2400-2500°C with the release of a large amount of thermal energy (zone 56, Fig. 5). The combustion of hydrogen in oxygen occurs inside a segment of a thin-walled pipe made of refractory metal, muffled on one side and located in a pipe of a larger diameter. Steam with a temperature of 120°C enters the gap formed between them (zone 54, Fig. 6) from block 21 through the pipeline, which serves to cool the walls of the inner pipe section, in which hydrogen is burned in oxygen. This results in cooling of the high temperature steam stream in zone 55 resulting from the combustion and, at the same time, in an increase in the temperature of the second steam stream in zone 54.

At the outlet of block 25, the temperatures of the two streams approximately equalize and are approximately 1250°C.

Both steam streams enter the water flash unit 26 in pipes (FIG. 7 and FIG. 8). Here, sea water from block 17 enters the working volume through pipe - 59, passing block 29, and from block 35 through the pipeline through pipe 60 comes a concentrated salt solution. Instantaneous evaporation of water occurs. The resulting high-temperature steam exits through the pipe - 62 and enters the volume of the block 21 through the pipe - 50. The salt released as a result of the evaporation of water under the influence of high temperature turns into a melt flowing down the pipeline through the pipe 64 into block 27, which is an accumulator of thermal energy (Fig. 9).

High-temperature steam with a temperature of 900°C also enters here through branch pipes - 63, which allows, thanks to heat exchangers 65, to maintain a stable melt temperature at 820°C, which is higher than the melting point of salt. When block 27 is filled with molten salt, its excess is removed through pipe - 67. Then this melt enters block 28 (Fig. 10) through pipe - 73. From block 27, high-temperature steam exits through pipes - 66 and enters block 28 through pipes - 63 Sea water also enters here through the branch pipe - 71 from block 17, and through the branch pipe - 72 concentrated salt solution from block 35. In block 28, thanks to heat exchangers - 70 and molten salt, intensive evaporation of water occurs and the resulting high-temperature water vapor through the branch pipe - 74 through the steam pipeline enters block 21. The excess molten salt enters block 29 through pipe 75. The high-temperature steam from blocks 26 and 28 enters block 21 into the steam turbine 30 with an electric generator, rotates it, cools and then enters the block through the steam pipeline 31, where it condenses and turns into demineralized water. The resulting electricity is used to carry out processes within the installation itself and thus leads to a reduction in the required surface area of the solar array. Block 29 is designed for cooling the salt melt and its unloading. In this block, the cooling of the salt occurs due to its heat exchange with the sea water coming through the pipe from the block 17. The water passes through the heat exchanger and removes heat from the brine and then flows heated to blocks 28 and 26. The water supply to block 29 is controlled by compressor 34.

Thus, in the daytime, desalination of sea water occurs due to solar energy, thanks to a solar battery that generates electricity sufficient to supply, accumulate and heat sea water, evaporate it, overheat the formed water vapor, decompose part of it into hydrogen and oxygen, and accumulate these gases, burning hydrogen in oxygen with the release of a large amount of thermal energy, accumulating part of it in a salt melt, the operation of a steam turbine connected to an electric generator that generates electricity, the operation of a compressor, as well as block 29 and block 36, which allows the electric generator 37 to additionally generate electricity. In addition, electricity is generated by a hydro turbine 18 connected to an electric generator (not shown in FIG.).

3. Operation of the installation in the dark.

At night, the solar battery does not work, so the desalination of sea water occurs due to the thermal energy released in block 25 when hydrogen is burned in oxygen. This energy ensures the accumulation and constant temperature of the salt melt, the operation of the steam turbine with an electric generator, and block 36 with an electric generator 37, which generates the necessary electricity for the electric heaters of blocks 19 and 20, for the electric heaters of block 21 and for the operation of blocks 22 and 29, as well as for operation pump 16 and compressor 34. In addition, the hydraulic turbine continues to operate with an electric generator that also generates electricity.

However, at night there is no accumulation of gases in blocks 8 and 9: the amount of consumed gases is greater than their amount produced at the same time.

At the onset of daylight hours, the solar battery starts working again and the generated energy begins to suffice not only for desalination of sea water, but also for the accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen necessary for the next night cycle.

This construction of the plant allows not only to provide a round-the-clock process of sea water desalination only at the expense of solar energy without the involvement of its other sources, but also to accumulate and ship salt to the consumer.

The installation allows to reduce energy costs and does not pollute the environment.

The resulting demineralized water can be used for various purposes, in particular, it can be further processed to turn it into drinking water.

Claims (2)

1. A method for round-the-clock desalination of sea water, including the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy by means of solar panels, the accumulation of solar energy and its use for heating and evaporating sea water, superheating the resulting water vapor and decomposing the superheated water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen, accumulating and storing these gases , combustion of hydrogen in oxygen, production of a salt melt as a heat accumulator for overheating water vapor at night, cooling of the salt melt and unloading salt, condensation of water vapor to obtain desalinated water, characterized in that the accumulated hydrogen is first divided into two streams, one of which is used to generate additional electricity for heating and evaporating sea water at night, after which both streams are mixed. 2. The plant for the twenty-four-hour seawater desalination, designed to implement the method according to claim 1, containing a solar battery for converting solar energy into electrical energy, an electric energy accumulator with a transformer, a seawater intake pump, a steam turbine with an electric generator, seawater heating and evaporation units, blocks for superheating and decomposition of water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen, a block for condensing water vapor, a tank for collecting condensate-desalinated water, blocks for accumulating and storing hydrogen and oxygen, a block for burning hydrogen in oxygen, a block for producing molten salt and accumulating its heat for supply to the block overheating of water vapor at night, a block for cooling the molten salt and unloading salt, characterized in that it contains a hydraulic turbine designed to produce electricity, communicated with a storage tank for sea water and an electric energy accumulator with a transformer, and between the block for accumulating and storing hydrogen and the block for its combustion in oxygen contains a block for using a part of hydrogen to obtain additional electricity necessary for the operation of blocks for heating and evaporating water at night, as well as a block for mixing and equalizing hydrogen flows from a block for its accumulation and from a block for using a part of hydrogen to obtain additional electricity, in addition, the installation is equipped with a block of instantaneous evaporation of water, designed to produce high-temperature steam, communicated by means of a steam superheat block with a steam turbine with an electric generator.

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