RU2812115C2 - Device of free-piston electromechanical unit with functions of generating electrical energy or compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: free-piston internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: device of a free-piston electromechanical unit consists of an internal combustion engine with a fixed cylinder (1), a combustion chamber and pistons (3) with connecting rods (4). There is a linear electric motor with generating and motor modes of operation, a reversible electric energy storage device and an inverter (26) connected between the linear electric motor and the reversible electric energy storage device. In the cylinder body, two pistons and a linear electric motor, also located symmetrically relative to the pistons, are located symmetrically to the combustion chamber. The electrical part of the reversible energy storage device contains a supercapacitor (29) connected to a bidirectional converter (28) from DC to DC, combined on a DC bus with an autonomous bidirectional voltage inverter (26) and a rechargeable electrochemical battery (27). The linear electric motor contains permanent magnets (16) mounted on a connecting rod (4), which acts as a rotor, a magnetic system of cores (14) and coils (15). Hall sensors (17) are installed near the gap between the moving permanent magnet and the core and are used to determine the position of the rotor. The opposite side of the connecting rod (4) in relation to the piston (3) is connected to the mechanical part of the reversible energy storage device. There are two springs (8) and (10) with preferential compression and tension and additionally installed movable and stationary permanent storage magnets (11), (12) and (13), directed with like poles towards each other. Springs (8) and (10) and changes in the magnetic field of storage magnets (11), (12) and (13) are used to determine the position of the connecting rod (4) electromagnetically and generate electricity for own needs.

EFFECT: reducing the dimensions.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The device relates to internal combustion engine technology and compressor units. It can be used for low-power consumers using a variety of fuels, such as flammable gases, flammable liquids with mixture ignition or injection of diesel fractions with self-ignition.

State of the art. A large number of free-piston engine devices, combined engine and compressor devices, engines with electric generators and individual compressors are known. The following known devices can be distinguished.

The device (see RF patent 2 255 232, F02B 71/04, 2005) uses two combustion chambers and a single piston. The disadvantage is the unbalance of the device and the presence of a high temperature source in close proximity to the stator windings.

The device (see RF patent 2 709 586, F01B 11/00, 2019) uses a piston combined with two combustion chambers and a connecting rod passing through the combustion chamber. The disadvantage is the constant impact of high temperatures on the connecting rod and piston, the difficulty of cooling them, and the imbalance of the engine.

The device (see RF patent 2 577 425, F02B 71/00, 2016) has a pneumatic spring, which does not provide high efficiency at high piston speeds.

The device (see US patent 7,478,539, F25B 10/1/2006), which is a linear compressor, has two balanced pistons, but additional working space is used in front and behind the piston, which complicates lubrication and requires the presence of a bushing operating at high temperatures. temperatures

The device (see US Patent 9,032,918, F02B 71/00, 2015) uses a single unbalanced piston and air damper, resulting in excessive vibration and losses

The device (see US patent 6,652,247, F04B 35/00, 2003) uses a gear connection between the pistons to synchronize and balance them, the disadvantage is the presence of a gear element and a crank mechanism

The device (see RF patent 2 578 932, F02B 71/04, 2015) uses a motor-compressor, while the device is not balanced and contains a pneumatic damper, which also leads to vibrations and losses

The device (see RF patent 2 577 425, F02B 71/00, 2016) has a pneumatic spring, which also leads to excessive losses due to non-ideal adiabatic compression

The device (US Patent 8,714,117, F02B71/04, 2014) has a spring-damped two-stroke engine with a combined compressor

The device (US Patent 6,484,674, F02B 71/00, 2002) uses a separate combustion chamber with two pistons and spring dampers

The device (RF Patent 7,258,085, F02B 71/00, 2007) uses purge from the rear pistons tank

The closest analogue to the proposed device is the device (see Chinese patent CN103590899A, F02B71/04, 2014). This prototype device of a free-piston four-stroke internal combustion engine has a linear electric motor with generating and driving modes of operation, a reversible electric energy storage device, an inverter connected between the linear electric motor and the reversible electric energy storage device, as well as with, respectively, the distribution valves of the four-stroke internal combustion engine and the block electronic control and ignition connected to the inverter, the propeller of the linear electric motor is directly connected to the piston of the internal combustion engine and is a linear motor rotor equipped with a position determining element, this position determining element is connected to the electronic control unit, while the ignition chambers are symmetrically located in the cylinder body two pistons and a linear electric motor, also located symmetrically relative to the pistons.

Additionally, this device has the ability to provide ignition and accumulate mechanical energy, for example, in a spring element. The main purpose of the prototype is the generation of electrical energy.

The disadvantage of this device is that there is no direct mechanical connection with auxiliary functions, for example, for gas compression, a liquid pump, the implementation of a magnetoelectric system for a given connecting rod configuration is not considered, there is only a four-stroke operating mode, pre-compression is not provided, there is no description of the resonance mode work, the force created by the spring is linear, which creates difficulties in regulation and generation at the dead point positions of the connecting rod, where the electromotive force is minimal.

The objective of the invention is to create a device for an electrical energy generator and a compressor with a unified control system and part of the mechanical elements, an electric drive, a storage and starting element with a two-stroke and four-stroke cycle, including a resonant operating mode optimized for the operating point. In this case, the engine and compressor have identical elements based on a freely moving piston with a linear generator mounted on the connecting rod with a propulsion mode, which is an electromagnetic system of permanent niobium and other types of magnets with high induction, forming the moving part of the propulsion, magnetic circuits with coils, forming the stationary part mover. The freely moving two pistons have an opposed arrangement with synchronous simultaneous movement due to the force action of a linear electric drive, towards and in opposite directions, which allows minimizing the sum of the vectors of inertia forces, reducing vibrations compared to an unbalanced circuit. When operating as a generator, a two- and four-stroke circuit is used for an internal combustion engine. The two-stroke circuit contains an additional cylinder with windows for exhaust and for purging the combustion chamber with a fuel-air mixture, the four-stroke circuit contains an electromechanical energy storage system for the movement of the connecting rod. In this case, for a push-pull circuit there is additionally a compressor piston and windows for creating excess pressure. The combined scheme consists of combining the engine and compressor due to a mechanical connection between the pistons.

The technical result of the proposed device is to increase the efficiency of conversion into electrical energy for an engine in a two- and four-stroke cycle of smaller dimensions.

For the device version in the form of a compressor, the result is to increase the service life, ensuring the efficiency of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy due to the resonant operating mode. A combined engine-compressor device achieves efficiency by directly transferring energy from the working fluid to the compressed gas.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device of a free-piston four-stroke internal combustion engine there is a linear electric motor with generating and propulsion modes of operation, a reversible electric energy storage device, an inverter connected between the linear electric motor and the reversible electric energy storage device, as well as with, respectively, distribution valves of the four-stroke engine internal combustion and an electronic control and ignition unit connected to the inverter, the linear electric motor propulsion is directly connected to the piston of the internal combustion engine and is a linear motor rotor equipped with a position determination element connected to the electronic control unit, while the ignition chambers are symmetrically located in the cylinder body two pistons and a linear electric motor, also located symmetrically relative to the pistons, while the storage device is a combination of two storage elements from a supercapacitor and an electrochemical battery, connected through a DC-to-DC converter, the inverter is connected directly to the battery, from this DC link bus current, the monitoring, control and ignition unit is powered using a step-down converter, as well as power is supplied to the valve actuators of the device, the piston position meter is a Hall sensor installed next to the phase windings of a linear three-phase or multiphase propulsion device, as well as an inductive sensor due to a change in the inductance of the spring when its compression and tension, installed by magnets in a configuration with repulsion by poles of the same name between the stationary part of the mover and the connecting rod.

In the version of the device with the function of a refrigerant compressor, the freely movable inlet and exhaust valves do not contain a drive and move due to the pressure of the exhaust and incoming gas into the cylinder, the frequency of piston movement is close to the resonant one for a mechanical system, the drive is carried out from a linear motor, the energy is supplied to the motor converter comes from a power source or battery.

In the embodiment of the combined engine and compressor, the piston of the internal combustion engine is connected to a linear motor which is connected to a compressor cylinder having freely movable inlet and outlet valves, while the compressor cylinders are located symmetrically. Compression is carried out due to the expansion stroke of the engine, while compression is provided by the residual energy stored in the spring and with the energy coming from the linear motor, in this case the generation of electricity is used mainly to operate the converter and compensate for compression losses.

In the version of a two-stroke engine and generator, the linear mover is connected to a connecting rod, at the ends of which pistons are installed, generally having different diameters, the piston of the internal combustion engine is located in a cylinder with an exhaust gas outlet and purge window, the piston of the injection compressor is located in a compression cylinder with an intake window and exhaust, while the exhaust window of the injection compressor is connected through a pipe to the intake window of the internal combustion engine, and the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, the linear mover, the piston and the connecting rod are located symmetrically with each other.

Due to the fact that the device in the version of a four-stroke internal combustion engine and generator contains a supercapacitor and a DC/DC converter, the efficiency of the local compression and generation cycle is achieved, more complete use of the voltage of the supercapacitor and its capacity, reducing the weight and dimensions of this element, while ensuring pulsation suppression voltage of the DC link on the battery and additional starting currents, when using mutually repelling permanent magnets together with a compression and extension spring, a nonlinear mechanical characteristic is achieved, where the force is maximum near the dead points of the piston, in this case, for systems with low power it is possible to achieve high speed changes in motion and better utilization of the piston stroke in terms of power generation and control of the compression and expansion cycle.

In the version of the device with a function for performing refrigerant compression using a resonant operating mode, increasing the efficiency of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, since energy is taken at the maximum speed of the piston, while the output voltage curve of the inverter contains intervals with the keys turned off when the piston passes the dead points .

In the version of the device with a function for performing refrigerant compression in the form of a combined engine-compressor device, it is additionally possible to use this fuel as a refrigerant in a conventional refrigeration cycle of compression-liquefaction-evaporation, while providing defrosting of the system to remove condensate and residual moisture usually present in the fuel gas, in version. Additionally, in the two-stroke engine version, it is possible to use additional boost due to the increased volume of the auxiliary cylinder, for example, for a diesel method with fuel injection through an injector, ensuring more complete combustion of fuel and removal of exhaust gas residues.

The drawings (Fig. 1,2,3,4) show sections along the axis of the cylinders of the proposed device and its variants:

in fig. Figure 1 shows the design of a free-piston four-stroke internal combustion engine with a symmetrical arrangement of mechanical elements, electromechanical control and generation with a power supply system, a storage device with a supercapacitor, a battery, a control system and sensors;

in fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a device with the function of a compressor for refrigerant, with non-controlled valves in the cylinder shown in FIG. 1;

in fig. 3 shows a variant of the device with the function of a combined engine-compressor unit with an additional piston located on the connecting rod shown in FIG. 1;

in fig. 4 shows a variant of the design of a two-stroke internal combustion engine with pre-compression by auxiliary cylinders with pistons mounted on the engine connecting rod shown in Fig. 1.

In fig. Figure 1 shows the preferred design of a four-stroke free-piston engine with a generator function: 1 - cylinder block mounted motionless, 2 - spark plug, 3 - piston, 4 - connecting rod, 5 - connecting rod bushing, 6 - bushing of the moving element of the linear electric motor, 7 - support for springs on the moving element of the electric motor, 8 - fixed spring support, 9 - working stroke spring, 10 - reverse spring, 11 - stationary working stroke magnet, 12 - movable working stroke magnet, 13 - movable reverse stroke magnet, 14 - linear stator magnetic circuit core electromechanical propulsion unit and generator, 15 - winding of the stator magnetic core, 16 - permanent magnet of the moving element of the linear propulsion unit, 17 - Hall sensors installed next to the magnetic gaps of the linear propulsion unit, 18 - inlet pipe, 19 - inlet valve, 20 - output valve, 21 - output pipe, 22 - electromechanical drive of one of the valves, 23-1 - generator and inverter unit, 23-2 - symmetrical generator and inverter unit, 24 - connection of inverter 26 to winding 15, further, 25 - linear displacement sensor based on measurement inductance, 26 - autonomous bidirectional voltage inverter, 27 - electrochemical battery, 28 - DC-DC converter, 29 - supercapacitor.

In fig. Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a free-piston engine with the function of a refrigerant compressor, where: 32.1 - block, including blocks of an electromechanical linear motor and generator 30.1 and 32.1 - block for generating nonlinear force and storing mechanical energy, 30.2, 31.2 and 32.2 - blocks, symmetrical to blocks 30.1, respectively , 31.1 and 32.1, 33 - inlet valve, 34 - inlet pipe, 35 - outlet valve, 36 - outlet pipe.

In fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a free-piston engine with the function of an engine-compressor: 37 - internal combustion engine block, 38-1 - compressor block containing elements of the device shown in FIG. 1 and 2, namely, piston 3, inlet valve 33, inlet pipe 34, exhaust valve 35, exhaust pipe 36. The electromechanical control unit for the engine cycle and compressor 39-1 includes force generation units 32-1 and an electromechanical propulsion unit 31- 1. The symmetrical blocks are designated respectively as 38-2 for the compressor block and 39-2 for the engine and compressor cycle block.

In fig. Figure 4 shows a version of a free-piston engine with a two-stroke cycle and a linear generator: 31-1 - linear propulsion and generator block, 32-1 - block for generating nonlinear force and storing potential energy, 40 - block of a stationary cylinder of an air supercharger or fuel-air mixture, 41 - inlet window of the supercharger cylinder, 42 - outlet window of the supercharger cylinder, 43 - pipe connecting the outlet window of the supercharger 42 and the inlet window of the internal combustion engine cylinder 44. 44 - inlet window of the internal combustion engine cylinder,
45 - exhaust window, 46 - cylinder block of an internal combustion engine, 47.1 - block of one functional section of the engine and generator, including the blocks, elements indicated in the figure and block 47.2 symmetrical 47.1.

The device and control system of a free-piston electromechanical unit with the functions of an electrical energy generator or compressor operates as follows. The preferred version of the device is a four-stroke engine and a linear generator with a control system and storage elements. In this case, there is a common fixed cylinder 1 in which there is a spark plug 2, a piston 3, freely movable in the cylinder and mounted on a connecting rod 4, which moves through fixed guides and fixing bushings 5 and 6; a movable one is installed at the opposite end of the connecting rod in relation to the piston support 7, the working stroke spring 8 rests with one end against the movable support 7, and the other against the fixed support 9. The return spring 10 is installed similarly between the movable support and the fixed one. Springs 9 and 10, in general, have different stiffnesses and are designed to provide different forces at given positions of the connecting rod. In particular, a stiffer power stroke spring provides return and energy recovery in the power stroke and exhaust cycle, while part of the energy that is pulsed in nature during the power stroke with maximum piston speed accumulates in the form of spring compression energy, and then released as kinetic energy in the exhaust gas cycle. Thus, the inverter 26 operates in the generation mode in these two cycles. A permanent magnet of the working stroke 11 is installed on the fixed support 9, with its pole directed towards the pole of the permanent magnet of the support 12 installed on the movable support 7, while the poles of the magnets directed towards each other are of the same name so that the magnets repel. The reverse magnet 13 is installed in a similar way on a fixed support and is directed towards the support magnet, while the names of the poles are also the same and provide a repulsive force. Forward and reverse magnets perform the same functions as springs, while when the magnets come closer together, the force increases significantly, which is used to further limit the position of the pistons, to create a high speed change in the direction of the connecting rod velocity vector, indirectly determining the position of the connecting rod by changing the magnetic field between magnets and also for additional selection of electricity when the magnetic flux changes due to the movement of these magnets, for example, to power one’s own needs. The main generation is produced by a linear electric motor and generator, consisting of magnetic cores of a stationary stator 14, stator windings 15, movable permanent magnets 16. The number of poles of the movable element of the linear electric motor and the number of phases are selected based on their optimal generation and control conditions, formed by the force of the working stroke or compression, the maximum the speed of movement of the piston, its inertia, the limits of movement, the voltage and current of the DC link, losses in the electromagnetic system and inverter, and other additional parameters. Hall sensor 17 is installed near the gap between the stator and the moving part of the linear motor; the number of sensors is selected based on the number of phases. The air-fuel mixture is supplied through the intake pipe 18, the intake phase is determined by the intake valve 19. The exhaust valve 20 passes the exhaust gases into the exhaust pipe 21. The valves have an electromagnetic drive system 22, powered by a DC link. Block 23-1 contains the corresponding elements shown in Fig. 1 and reflects the presence of a symmetrical block 23-2, located mirror-like in the mechanical part and having similar elements in the electrical part. The multiphase power connector 24 is connected to the AC/DC converter 26, which is a self-contained voltage inverter, in particular a three-phase one. The automatic control system generates pulse-width modulation signals for inverter control based on signals from Hall sensors 17, as well as from a linear displacement sensor 25, based on measuring the inductance of a coil with a variable winding pitch, for example, a spring, or on measuring the impedance of a volumetric resonator formed by cylinders and additional master microwave generator. The inverter 26 is connected to the DC link, which is the busbars of the battery 27, thereby the bus voltage is variable in specified ranges depending on the state of charge of the battery. To avoid excessive currents and no losses in the internal resistance of the battery due to the cyclical nature of energy production and consumption in the cycles of an internal combustion engine, there is a DC-to-DC boost converter 28 connected to a supercapacitor 29. The supercapacitor is charged to a voltage greater than the maximum battery voltage. Due to the synchronous and simultaneous operation of the inverter 26 and the converter 28, there is a control system that has a common structure for the formation of modulating and reference signals, the implementation of control loops, preferably implemented on a single digital control unit.

Initially, in the intake cycle, inverter 26 generates voltage on the linear motor 14, 15, 16, in which the connecting rod 4 and piston 3 move with increasing volume in cylinder 1, compressing spring 8 and magnets 11, 12, in this cycle the energy accumulated in the supercapacitor is consumed 29, as well as the potential energy of the spring 10 working to expand and the magnets 13, 12. Valve 19 opens and the air-fuel mixture enters the cylinder. Then follows the compression phase, while the energy stored in the spring 8 and magnets 11, 12 is spent on compressing the gas in the cylinder and on compressing the opposed spring and magnets, respectively. In the next phase of the power stroke, the mixture of spark plugs 2 is ignited, while the mechanical energy of the piston movement is converted back into electrical energy by the corresponding current setting by the inverter 26 for the linear motor in generator mode. Since the energy during expansion is quite large, it is partially accumulated in the spring 8 and magnets 11, 12, in addition to the main accumulation in the supercapacitor 29 through the converter 28 and also in the battery 27 due to the formation of a current difference between the converter and the inverter. In the next exhaust gas exhaust cycle, valve 20 is opened by the electric drive of valve 22, and the piston moves in the opposite direction towards decreasing the volume of the cylinder, while the energy stored in the spring is transferred by the inverter to the supercapacitor, then the cycle is repeated.

In the embodiment of the device with a compressor function shown in FIG. 2, the energy accumulated by the spring and stored by the magnetic field is also used. Block 30-1 and its symmetrical 30-2 are an electric linear motor, block 31-1 and its symmetrical 31-2 are a mechanical energy storage device on springs and the formation of a nonlinear force on permanent magnets, similar to the implementation of the blocks in Fig. 1. Block 32-1 and its symmetrical 32-2 are the mechanical part of the compressor consisting of a piston and connecting rod as well as blocks 30-1 and 31-2. During the inlet of the refrigerant, the control system generates a control action on the inverter and converter, taking electricity from the supercapacitor and partially from an external power source or battery, the piston moves towards increasing the volume of the cylinder, valve 33 opens and gaseous refrigerant enters the cylinder through the inlet pipe 34. Then, during the compression process, valve 33 closes, valve 35 begins to open from excess pressure and the compressed refrigerant flows further through the outlet pipe 36. In this case, the energy for compression is taken from the supercapacitor, partly from the power source or battery, and also from energy stored in compressed springs and a magnetic field. The work is carried out in a mode close to resonant. The frequency of free vibrations is determined by the inertia of the piston, connecting rod, moving element of the linear motor, support, magnets and springs and other elements, as well as the stiffness of the springs and the magnitude of the magnetic field force.

In the embodiment of the combined motor-compressor shown in FIG. 3, there are blocks of linear propulsion 31-1, mechanical storage 32-1, compressor cylinder block 38-1, electric motor-compressor block 39-1, symmetrical to them 31-2, 32-2, 38-2, respectively, block 37, representing is a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, the structure of which is shown in Fig. 1. according to the preferred device option. In this embodiment, the piston of the engine 3 is mounted on a common connecting rod, which sequentially passes through the linear motor and generator, through the mechanical energy storage device and is connected at the opposite end to the compressor piston in block 38-1. A combined cycle is produced with a two- and four-stroke internal combustion engine and simultaneous compression of the refrigerant. Moreover, if hydrocarbon mixtures or pure hydrocarbons are used, for example, propane, butane, isobutane, etc., then they can be used both as fuel and as a refrigerant, while ensuring the desired cooling quality due to the fact that fuel gases may contain an excess amount residual moisture.

In the version of the two-stroke free-piston engine shown in FIG. 4 there are blocks of linear propulsion 31-1, mechanical storage 32-1, block 47-1 of the internal combustion cylinder and supercharger, symmetrical to them 31-2, 32-2, 47-2, as well as elements designed to implement the two-stroke cycle. In the compression cycle, the piston 31 moves into the internal combustion cylinder 46, and at the same time a partial supply of mechanical energy is carried out from the spring and magnetic drive 32-1, while the linear motor 31-1 generates a given force on the connecting rod. The inlet for the air-fuel mixture or air 41 during the compression phase is the closed piston of the supercharger 48. At the beginning of the compression cycle, the piston is at the dead center corresponding to the maximum volume of the combustion cylinder and the minimum volume of the supercharger cylinder. In this case, the air-fuel mixture under pressure through the outlet window of the supercharger cylinder 42 enters through the pipe 43 to the inlet window 44 of the cylinder of the engine 46 and penetrates the cylinder, purging it, the exhaust gases from the previous expansion cycle pass through the outlet window 45 and are removed through the exhaust pipe 21. With further movement of the piston, the mixture is compressed, the intake 44 and exhaust 21 windows of the engine are sequentially blocked by piston 3, thereby forming a vacuum in the supercharger cylinder. After compression of the mixture, it is ignited in cylinder 46 of spark plugs 2, while at the dead center corresponding to maximum compression in cylinder 46, the inlet window of the supercharger 41 is opened by the piston of the supercharger 48, due to the fact that at this moment there is a reduced pressure in the supercharger, the intake is made air-fuel mixture. During the expansion process, the window of the supercharger 41 is closed and the cycle is repeated again.

The use of a free-piston engine with the function of a generator or compressor, preferably with a four-stroke cycle, allows for the generation of electrical energy, its accumulation, having a long cycle and resource allows it to work autonomously and in remote areas with minimal maintenance. The device also has the potential for miniaturization and use in portable and mobile equipment as a power source, while the free-piston engine used can operate in multi-fuel mode and has little sensitivity to its quality. Due to the absence of a crank mechanism, the lubrication system is reduced; the valves are electromechanically actuated and can be positioned more randomly, taking into account optimal combustion and gas dynamics. An embodiment of the device with the function of a refrigerant compressor has a resonant operating mode, which makes it possible to effectively use the electromechanical part, while the refrigerant is pumped with a large piston stroke and relatively small dimensions, which allows the device to be used in miniature coolers of electronic components. An embodiment of the device with the function of an internal combustion engine and a compressor makes it possible to burn gaseous fuel and use it as a refrigerant or use other types of refrigerants separately from combustible gas. In this case, it is possible to use the device in portable, mobile refrigeration units with the simultaneous use of liquefied combustible gas as fuel and refrigerant. The implementation option of a two-stroke engine makes it possible to achieve higher specific indicators per unit volume of the combustion chamber, increasing conversion efficiency due to less additional electrical power required in the compression and exhaust gas cycle.

Claims (4)

1. The design of a free-piston electromechanical unit, consisting of an internal combustion engine with a fixed cylinder, a combustion chamber and pistons with connecting rods, a linear electric motor with generating and driving modes of operation, a reversible electric energy storage device, an inverter connected between the linear electric motor and a reversible electric energy storage device, and two pistons are located symmetrically, and a linear electric motor is located symmetrically relative to the pistons, while in the cylinder body, two pistons and a linear electric motor are located symmetrically to the combustion chamber, also located symmetrically relative to the pistons, characterized in that the electrical part of the reversible energy storage device contains a supercapacitor connected to a bidirectional converter from DC to DC, combined on a DC bus with an autonomous bidirectional voltage inverter and a rechargeable electrochemical battery, the linear electric motor contains permanent magnets mounted on a connecting rod that performs the functions of a rotor, a magnetic system of cores and coils, with Hall sensors installed nearby with a gap between the moving permanent magnet and the core, are used to determine the local position of the rotor, the opposite side of the connecting rod in relation to the piston is connected to the mechanical part of the reversible energy storage device, there are two springs with both preferential compression and tension, and additionally installed movable and stationary permanent storage magnets directed with like poles towards each other, and the springs and the change in the total magnetic field of the storage magnets are also used to determine the absolute position of the connecting rod electromagnetically and generate electricity for their own needs. 2. A free-piston electromechanical unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume of the cylinder is used to compress the gas medium, and the valves move freely due to the gas flow in one direction without forced action. 3. A free-piston electromechanical unit according to claim 1, characterized in that at the opposite end of the connecting rod in relation to the piston and combustion chamber, there is a cylinder and a piston used to compress the gaseous medium, while the cylinder has valves with free movement due to the gas flow into one direction without forced influence. 4. A free-piston electromechanical unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chamber has two separate identical cylinder volumes, located symmetrically, while at the opposite ends of the pistons and the combustion chamber, pistons for injection of air or air-fuel mixture are located, and the combustion chamber and injection cylinders have intake and exhaust windows covered by pistons.

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