RU68025U1 - MULTI-LAYERED WALL - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model “Multilayer wall” refers to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of various buildings and structures, namely, in the construction of walls. The technical task is to increase the manufacturability of walling and panel installation, improving the thermal properties of the walls being erected, using lightweight and durable wall panels, including reinforced concrete. The problem is solved in that in the proposed technical solution, the wall being constructed consists in its cross section of two or more lightweight panels separated by an air layer or insulation layer, rigidly fixed below and above the rails, which are structural elements of the building’s reinforced concrete frame and form a single monolithic construction.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of various buildings and structures, namely when erecting walls.

Known according to patent RU 2080445, class. ЕВВ 2/56, 1992 the wall of the building, including vertical and horizontal panels. Vertical panels run the entire height of the building, fasten to the columns with rigid ties and anchor to the foundations. Horizontal panels are installed between the vertical panels and pivotally connected to them.

The disadvantages of such a wall are the many fasteners used for joints bearing heavy loads, the large weight of the vertical panels used and the complete absence of solutions for wall insulation.

The closest in their technical essence to the solutions proposed are those known from the patent of the Russian Federation RU 2204664, cl. ЕВВ 2/28, 2002 - an external multilayer wall, consisting of an external layer formed of installed and attached to the floors with flexible detachable ties, architecturally designed panels on the structural cell of the building. Parallel to the outer layer, floor-to-floor on the floors are insulating and inner layers of small-piece materials.

The disadvantages of such a wall are the large weight of the panels, which requires the use of special lifting equipment for installation, the difficulty of attaching the panels to the floors, the need for a preliminary construction of the reinforced concrete frame of the building and only after connecting the panels to the floors, the inability to use panels of various designs, the inability to use the floors in building construction in the form of reinforced concrete, metal or wooden beams, the exit of the end face to the facade of the building, which at this point a very low thermal resistance, and therefore, will be the penetration of cold and moisture to the floors and ceilings of the building near the outside walls, interior walls need.

The objectives of the utility model are: to increase the manufacturability of the wall during the installation of panels due to the optional use of special lifting equipment, including a crane; improving the thermal properties of the walls being erected due to the monolithic laying of insulation and the use of air chambers; the use of light wall panels with front and interior decoration one floor high; the exclusion of the use of collapsible formwork from the process of erecting walls and supporting horizontal beams of the frame.

The technical result consists in: creating a multilayer wall structure, which reduces the weight of the applied panels; in the separation of the functions of fencing, thermal insulation and other types of insulation between panels and insulating layers; in closing the wall in a continuous layer

thermal insulation, as well as other types of insulation; in a strong connection of panels and reinforced concrete frame; the presence of minimal connecting connections between parallel panels to reduce cold bridges; in the use of various panels: front, dividing and indoor; in the consecutive construction of finished walls and floors, floor by floor; in the connection of panels located in a row without the formation of cold bridges; in creating a monolithic structure of the reinforced concrete frame of the building, which performs the main load-bearing functions and largely frees the panel from load-bearing loads; the possibility of a monolithic connection of the frame and reinforced concrete floors, as well as the use of any other types of floors, including those based on metal and wooden beams.

The technical result is achieved by the following:

The wall of a building or structure consists of a socle, linear and columned lower and upper guides, a monolithic reinforced concrete frame formed by supporting columns and supporting horizontal beams - crossbars.

In cross section, a wall consists of two or more wall panels. As a rule, the outer walls consist of three panels, and the inner walls of two.

Wall panels are separated by one or more insulation layers, including in the form of insulation or air gap.

To enhance the strength of the wall panels can be installed without an intermediate insulating layer, tightly in contact with each other.

The lower guides support the panels from below, rigidly fixing the lower edge of the panel with their protrusions. The lower column guides connect the bottom of the sides of the panels adjacent to the supporting columns to the column itself, and also support the bottom panels to cover the columns.

The lower linear and column guides are interconnected and form a continuous structure rigidly connected to the base of a building or structure.

The supporting columns of the frame are located with their lower parts inside the lower column guides.

Wall panels with lower ends are installed in the grooves of the lower guides and are closely interconnected, forming two or more continuous rows of walls.

For joining panels, rails and other structural elements with each other, tongue-and-groove joints are used.

According to the decoration, the panels are divided into three categories: with facade decoration, without decoration and with interior decoration.

The openings of windows, doors and arches use shorter height wall panels, while solid walls use panels one floor high.

The upper ends of the wall panels are installed in the grooves of the upper rails, which rigidly fix the panels from above.

The supporting columns of the frame are located with their upper parts inside the upper column guides.

The upper rails are rigidly interconnected in a continuous structure, at least with the use of embedded parts and bolted connections.

The cavities of the upper guides form a continuous channel, inside of which a reinforcement is installed and interconnected, also connected with the reinforcement of the supporting columns. The channel is completely poured with concrete, forming a continuous strapping reinforced concrete belt connecting the supporting columns with horizontal load-bearing beams. At the same time, wall panels are largely freed from bearing loads.

On horizontal load-bearing beams, floor beams are supported. In the case of the construction of monolithic reinforced concrete floors, the reinforcement of the ceilings is connected to the reinforcement of the strapping reinforced concrete belt, and the planes of the overlapping and strapping belt are flooded with concrete, forming a monolithic surface, which is also monolithically connected with supporting columns.

The wall devices of the first and subsequent floors are identical.

Guides are connecting elements of rows of panels and are divided into two types: linear and columned.

The lower linear guide is designed for attaching panels to the base of the building or for attaching panels to horizontal load-bearing beams.

The upper linear guide is intended for connecting panels at the floor level and for the construction of horizontal load-bearing beams.

The lower and upper column guides are installed in the places of construction of the supporting columns and are designed to connect the panels from below and from above with columns.

Column guides allow one or more layer of panels to close the columns from the front of the building or from the side of the interior.

Column guides can be made at any angle depending on the rotation of the wall, or at right angles.

Column guides can be T-shaped, cruciform and other forms depending on the number of walls supplied to the column and the angles between these walls.

The lower guides have a horizontal lower surface.

Above, the lower guides have grooves and protrusions located along the passage of the wall panels.

The upper guides have grooves and protrusions from the bottom and top, located along the passage of the wall panels, and on top there is a cavity for constructing a horizontal supporting beam in it.

If the horizontal supporting beams of the frame are made of reinforced concrete, then the upper guides are also fixed formwork, in the corresponding cavities of which the reinforcement is laid, and then concrete is poured.

The protrusions of the guides the panel is fixed on both sides so that this panel with the end face of its lower or upper part enters the grooves that are located between the protrusions.

The width of the groove is equal to the thickness of the panel, and the width of the protrusions located inside the wall is equal to the thickness laid between the panels of insulation, or an arbitrary thickness when using the air layer.

The height of the protrusions should be sufficient for a rigid and strong fixation of the panel.

In the column guides at the place where the column passes through the guide there is a cavity in size and shape equal to the size and sectional shape of the column at the place of its passage through this guide.

From the ends of the guides there are liners monolithic in the body of the guide, designed for rigid connection of the guides between themselves and other structures of the building or structure.

The guides can have internal reinforcement, as well as the output of parts of the reinforcement in the cavity of the horizontal supporting beam.

Guides can be made thin-walled from durable materials.

Guides to reduce the thermal conductivity of the wall at their locations can in any part have internal air chambers.

From the front and interior sides, the guides can have a variety of claddings both in terms of architectural solutions and materials.

The utility model is illustrated by the following drawings:

Figure 1 schematically shows a cross section of a wall consisting of three panels separated by two layers of thermal insulation, and fixed below and above the rails.

Figure 2 shows the corner of the wall, consisting of three parallel panels, with reference to the base, to the corner support column of the reinforced concrete frame and to the reinforced concrete floor slabs, where the floor slab is monolithically connected to the supporting horizontal beams of the frame.

Figure 3 shows one of the options for a linear upper guide with protrusions in the lower and upper parts for fixing the panels and a cavity for a horizontal supporting beam of the frame.

Figure 4 shows one of the options for the column bottom guide.

The wall construction according to this utility model is as follows:

The upper plane of the cap 1 is located on one horizontal level. Along the proposed walls are the lower guides:

column 21 and linear 2, Finished slabs or floor beams are laid on the inner protrusions of the base or the internal area is reinforced and filled with concrete, thus forming a monolithic reinforced concrete floor slab 8. The lower guides are rigidly connected to base 1 and also to each other. Wall panels 3 are installed in the grooves 22 of the lower guides 2 and thermal insulation layers 4 are laid between them. The panels are fixed at the top by the upper columns 20 and linear guides 5, the upper ends of the panels being included in the grooves of the 14 upper guides and rigidly fixed on both sides by the protrusions 15. The upper guides rigidly interconnected, at least by bolting and inserts 17. The window and door openings are laterally closed by window and door transverse panels with tongue-and-groove joints, which fix with ene panel, go to the opening edge. In the cavity of the upper guides 18, connected between themselves and the columns, reinforcement 6. In case of using monolithic reinforced concrete floors 13 when constructing the building, the reinforcement of the future floor 10 is also connected to the reinforcement 6 of the horizontal beams of the frame 7. The cavity of the guides 18 and the floor plane in this case is poured with a continuous layer of concrete, which provides a monolithic connection of panels, rails, bearing horizontal beams of the frame and floor slabs. The design described is a fully finished one floor of a building or structure with external facade and interior finishes.

Claims (4)

1. Wall of a building or structure, including lightweight wall panels with connecting elements of panels, insulation and various insulating materials, characterized in that in cross section the wall consists of two or more panels, the main vertical size of one floor, separated by an insulating or air layer. 2. The wall of a building or structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom and top of the panel are fixed by connecting elements of the rows of panels having grooves for installing the ends of the panels and protrusions that rigidly fix the lower or upper edge of the panel on both sides of its largest area. 3. The wall of a building or structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting elements of the rows of panels when interconnected form continuous structures, connected to the frame of the building or structure. 4. The wall of a building or structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the continuous structure of the connecting elements of the rows of panels, on top of the fixing panels, has a cavity for arranging a horizontal supporting beam of the frame, integral with the supporting columns of the frame of the building or structure.