TW482917B - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first polarizer provided on a surface of the first substrate which is on the opposite side to the liquid crystal layer; a second polarizer provided, on a surface of the second substrate which is on the opposite side to the liquid crystal layer; a first phase compensation element provided between the first polarizer and the liquid crystal layer; and a second phase compensation element provided between the second polarizer and the liquid crystal layer. A plurality of pixel areas are provided for display. The first substrate includes at least one transmissive electrode, and the second substrate includes a reflective electrode region and a transmissive electrode region in correspondence with each of the plurality of pixel areas.

Description

482917 A7

1. Field of the invention: The present invention relates to a 2-ray liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal display device which can be operated in a reflection mode and a transmission mode, which are used in office automation equipment such as word processors and personal computers, and mobile phones. Data devices such as handheld computers and VTRs combined with a camera and an LCD monitor. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device. In this case, a liquid crystal display device is simply referred to as an LCD device, and a liquid crystal display device that can be operated in a reflection mode and a transmission mode is called a "transmission and reflection type LCD device". 2. Related technical description: The LCD device itself does not emit light, which is different from CRTs (cathode ray tubes) and EL (electric fluorescent) devices. 'Accordingly, the transmissive LCD device used is equipped with a rear surface. Backlight. The backlight usually consumes more than 50% of the total power consumption of LCD devices. Some mobile data devices often used outdoors or carried by users include a reflective LCD device that includes a reflective plate and uses only ambient light for display. Reflective LCD devices include TN (Twisted Nematic) devices and STN (Super Twisted Nematic) devices, both of which use a polarizer and are widely used in today's transmissive LCD devices, and phase changes that have flourished in recent years ( pc) guest-host device, PC guest-host device does not use a polarizer, and can obtain a brighter display. For example, this device can be seen in the Japanese prior public notice 4-75022, which corresponds to U.S. Patent No. 5,220,444 and Japanese Advance Public Notice No. 9-133930. -4- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm)

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482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2) However, PC guest-host LCD devices use the optical absorption of pigments in the liquid crystal layer for display. The liquid crystal layer contains liquid crystal molecules and pigments dispersed therein. According to this, the phase changes Guest-host LCD devices can provide significantly lower quality than TN devices and STN devices using a polarizer. In an LCD device containing parallel and twisted aligned liquid crystal molecules, the liquid crystal molecules located at the center and the vicinity of the liquid crystal layer are inclined to the substrate surface in the vertical direction, but the liquid crystal molecules near the aligned layer are not inclined to the substrate in the vertical direction. On the surface, according to this, the birefringence of the liquid crystal layer cannot be 0. Therefore, when the LCD device is operated in a display mode to perform black display when a voltage is applied, it cannot be satisfactorily performed due to the remaining birefringence. It is displayed in black, so a sufficient light-dark ratio cannot be obtained. The TN mode and STN mode devices do not provide sufficient high-quality displays in terms of brightness and contrast. Based on this, it is necessary to further improve brightness and contrast. The disadvantage of a reflective LCD device is that when the ambient light is dim, the intensity of the reflected light used for display is reduced. Conversely, the disadvantage of a transmissive LCD device is that when the ambient light is extremely bright, for example, outdoors in sunny days, the visibility is reduced. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to one aspect of the present invention, a liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; A first polarizer provided on a surface of a first substrate on a side opposite to the liquid crystal layer; a second polarizer provided on a surface of a second substrate on a side opposite to the liquid crystal layer; The first phase compensating element is provided between the first polarizer and the liquid crystal layer; and the second phase compensating element is provided at -5- This paper size is applicable to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 482917 A7 ____ B7 5. Description of the invention (3) Between the second polarizer and the liquid crystal layer. The plurality of pixel regions are provided for display. The first substrate includes at least one transmissive electrode, and the second substrate includes a reflective electrode region and a transmissive electrode region to correspond to each pixel region. In one example of the present invention, each of the plurality of pixel regions has a reflective region for displaying with reflected light and a transmissive region for displaying with transmitted light, and the reflective electrode region defines the reflective region and the transmissive electrode region defines the transmissive region. In an example of the present invention, when a molecular axis of one of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is substantially perpendicular to the surfaces of the first and second substrates, the liquid crystal layer has a zero retardation band and the first phase compensation element The second phase compensation element and the second phase compensation element each have a delay value and satisfy the λ / 4 condition. In an example of the present invention, when one molecular axis of one liquid crystal molecule in the liquid crystal layer is almost perpendicular to the surfaces of the first and second substrates, the liquid crystal layer has an alpha retardation value, and the first phase The compensation element has a retardation value and satisfies the λ / 4-α condition. In one example of the present invention, when one molecular axis of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is almost perpendicular to the surfaces of the first and second substrates, the liquid crystal layer has an alpha retardation value, and the first phase compensation element It has a retardation value to satisfy the λ / 4-α condition, and the second phase compensation element has a retardation value to satisfy the Δ / 4- (cold · α) condition. In an example of the present invention, each of the first phase compensation element and the second phase compensation element is made of one; a 1/4 wave plate, and one of the first polarizers passes through the axis to form an approximately The angle is 45 degrees, and the first transmission axis of the second polarizer and the second phase compensation element form an angle of about 45 degrees. In the present invention &lt; an example, the second phase compensation element is composed of a λ / 4 wave plate-6-W-scale Common Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 ^ _ (210 × 297μ)-__ —______ B7 \ V. Invention Explanation (4) is made, and one of the slower axes of the second phase compensation element matches one of a longer axis or a shorter axis of the elliptical polarized light passing through the liquid crystal layer and incident on the second phase compensation element That is, Eli intersects the elliptical polarized light and the 'quanzhuan' into a linearly polarized light, and a transmission axis of one of the second polarizers is perpendicular to a polarized axis of the linearly polarized light. According to another aspect of the present invention, a liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate including a transmissive electrode, a second substrate including a reflective electrode, and a liquid crystal layer interposed on the first substrate. And the second substrate, and the liquid crystal molecules are included, the negative anisotropy of the electric conductivity is exhibited, and when no voltage is applied, they are arranged in the vertical direction on the surface of the first substrate and the second substrate; a polarizer ' It is disposed on a surface of a first substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer; and an I / 4 wave plate is disposed between the polarizer and the liquid crystal layer. The slower axis of one of the λ / 4 wave plates forms an angle of about 45 degrees with the transmission axis of one of the polarizers. In one example of the present invention, the liquid crystal display device further includes a phase compensation element disposed between the reflective electrode and the polarizer. According to still another aspect of the present invention, a liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and includes Liquid crystal molecules exhibit negative anisotropy and are arranged on the surface of the first substrate and the second substrate in a vertical direction when no voltage is applied. A first polarizer is disposed on the side opposite to the liquid crystal layer. On a surface of a first substrate of a first substrate; a second polarizer provided on a surface of a second substrate opposite to the liquid crystal; a first- "incoming / 4 wave plate provided on the first polarizer and Between the liquid crystal layer; and—the second wave plate is provided between the second polarizer and the liquid crystal layer. A plurality of pixel regions provide the paper size applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21 × 297 mm) A7- ------ B7 V. Invention ~) ---- For display, the first substrate includes at least one transmissive electrode, and the second substrate includes a reflective electrode region and a transmissive electrode region to correspond to In each pixel area, the slower axes of the first and second λ / 4 wave plates are in the same direction, and are the same as those of the first and second polarizers. An angle of approximately 45 degrees formed by the axis. In a full example of the present invention, each of the plurality of pixel regions has a reflective region for displaying with reflected light and a transmitting region for displaying with transmitted light, and the reflective electrode region defines the reflective region and The transmissive electrode area defines a transmissive area. In one example of the present invention, the liquid crystal display device further includes at least one phase compensation element disposed between the first polarizer and the second polarizer. In one embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal layer is further Contains a polarized rotation dopant. In one example of the present invention, the liquid crystal layer has a twist direction of about 90 degrees. In one example of the present invention, the first polarizer and the second polarizer have transmission axes perpendicular to each other. The first phase compensation element and the second phase compensation element have relatively slow axes that are perpendicular to each other. In an example of the present invention, the first phase compensation element converts linearly polarized light from the first polarizer into circularly polarized light. And the second phase compensation element converts the linearly polarized light from the second polarizer into circularly polarized light, and the liquid crystal display The display device further includes a third phase compensation element disposed between the first polarizer and the liquid crystal layer, and used to compensate the wavelength dependence of the refractive index anisotropy of the first phase compensation element. In an example of the present invention, The third phase compensating element is a λ / 2 wave plate, and one of the polarizers has a transmission axis that is more than one of the third phase compensating element.-This paper is suitable for size_ g @ 家 科 (CNS) Α4 size ( 2iqx 297 pure) A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (6) When the axis of the friend is at -71 angle, the transmission axis of the first polarizer is 7 ° from the first phase compensation-the slower axis forms -2T1 + 45 degrees In the invention (~ examples, the liquid crystal display device further includes-the fourth phase), and the element is between the second polarizer and the liquid crystal layer, and is used to compensate for the second M compensation & 7L. <Wavelength dependence of refractive index anisotropy. ^ In one example of this invention, the fourth phase compensation element is a one-half wave plate, and when one of the first polarizers passes through the axis and one of the fourth phase compensation elements forms a slower axis with an r2 angle The transmission axis of the second polarizer forms an angle of 272 + 45 degrees with the slower axis of one of the second phase compensation elements. In an example of the present invention, the transmission axis of the first polarizer is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer, one of the slower axes of the first phase compensation element is perpendicular to the slower axis of the second phase compensation element, and the first The three-phase compensation 7C piece has a slower axis perpendicular to the slower axis of the fourth phase compensation element. According to still another aspect of the present invention, a liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The plurality of pixel regions are provided for display. Each of the plurality of pixel regions has a reflection region for displaying by reflected light and a transmission region for displaying by transmitted light. The first substrate includes a counter electrode disposed near the liquid crystal layer. The base material includes a plurality of gate lines near the liquid crystal layer, a plurality of source lines perpendicular to the plurality of gate lines, a plurality of switching elements disposed near the intersection of the plurality of gate lines and the plurality of source lines, and a first conductive material having a high light transmission efficiency. Layer and a second conductive layer with a high light reflection efficiency, the first conductive layer and the first conductive layer are connected to each switching element, and are connected to each other and located in each pixel area * 9-This paper standard is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS ) A4 specification (210X297 mm) A7 B7 5. In the description of the invention (7) 〇 In one example of the present invention, the liquid crystal display device further includes an insulating layer &quot; and between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer between. In one embodiment of the present invention, the second substrate further includes a third conductive layer ', and the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are connected to each other via the third conductive layer. + In one example of the present invention, one of the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, and the third conductive layer is composed of one material which is the same as the material constituting the plurality of gates or the plurality of sources. In one embodiment of the present invention, the insulating layer has a corrugated surface disposed below the second conductive layer. As shown in still another aspect of the present invention, a liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. between. The plurality of pixel regions are provided for display. Each of the plurality of pixel regions has a reflection region for displaying by reflected light and a transmission region for displaying by transmitted light. The first substrate includes a counter electrode disposed near the liquid crystal layer, and the second The base material includes a plurality of gate lines near the liquid crystal layer, a plurality of source lines perpendicular to the plurality of gate lines, a plurality of switching elements disposed near the intersection of the plurality of gate lines and the plurality of source lines, and a first conductive material having a high light transmission efficiency. Layer and a second conductive layer having a high light reflection efficiency, the first conductive layer and the first conductive layer are connected to each switching element, are connected to each other and are disposed in each pixel region, and an insulating layer is disposed on the first conductive layer Between the layer and the second conductive layer. The method includes the following steps: making a first conductive layer on a board; making an insulating layer at least on the first conductive layer; making a second conductive layer on the insulating layer-10- This paper size applies to the Chinese national standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 public love) B7 V. Description of the invention (8 top two and second conductive layer n1 example to be made on the first conductive layer, the method further includes the following steps: making W _ a layer on a connection area, that is, on at least the first conductive layer, the first and second conductive layers are connected to each other with 绫 = the third conductive layer; made of an insulating layer; and 5 4, +, Soil 1. The insulating layer is partially removed on the connection area to facilitate the connection between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. In one example of the present invention, the step of partially removing the insulating layer is included in an area of the first conductive layer. Step of removing the insulating layer. Therefore, the present invention described herein is advantageous for providing a reflective LCD device and a transmissive and reflective LCD device, which provides a display with a sufficiently high contrast value and a manufacturing method thereof The invention described above and other advantages After reviewing and understanding the following detailed description and related drawings, it will be enough for those skilled in the art to understand. The drawings briefly explain FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a reflective L cd device in one example of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention. One example of a transmissive and reflective LCD device in an example is shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a transmissive and reflective LCD device in one example of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a chart showing that when light is incident and received vertically, The spectral reflectance characteristics of a reflective LCD device of the present invention with d = 3.56 micron gap; FIG. 5 is a graph showing the spectrum of a reflective LCD device of the present invention with d = 4.5 micron gap when light is incident and received vertically Reflectivity Special-11-This paper scale is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) &quot; &quot; ----- —______ B7 V. Description of invention (9) characteristics; Figure 6 is a chart Represents the relationship between the cell gap and the light-dark ratio of a reflective LCD device of the present invention when light is incident and received perpendicularly at a wavelength of 55 nm; FIG. 7A is an active array substrate in a first example of the present invention Floor plan FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of the active array substrate taken along line 7B_7Bι of FIG. 7A, and FIG. 8A is a plan view of an active array substrate according to a second example of the present invention; FIG. 8B is a view taken along line 8B_8B of FIG. 8A. A cross-sectional view of the active array substrate taken, FIG. 8C is a plan view of an active array substrate used in one of the semi-transmissive and semi-reflective LCD devices of the present invention; and FIG. 8D is taken along line 8D-8D of FIG. 8c. A cross-sectional view of the active array substrate taken, FIG. 8E is a cross-sectional view of the active array substrate taken along line 8E-8E of FIG. 8C; FIG. 9 is a chart showing that when light is incident and received vertically, it has d = 3.56 micron gap of a transmissive and reflective LCD device according to the present invention;-Figure 10 is a graph showing a transmissive and reflective LCD of the present invention with a d = 4.5 micron gap when light is incident and received vertically The spectral reflectance characteristics of the device; Figure 1 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the cell gap and the light-dark ratio of a reflective LCD device of the present invention when light is incident and received perpendicularly at a wavelength of 550 nm;- 12- This paper size applies to Chinese national standards (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (10) Figure 12 series-The diagram shows the relationship between the retardation axis angle of the 4-wave plate and the light-dark ratio in the first example; Figure 13AA series A schematic diagram illustrates the light transmission and reflection of the LCD device of the present invention in a black display; FIG. 13B series -π is intended to illustrate the light transmission and reflection of a second example device of the present invention in a white display; FIG. 14A is a schematic view illustrating the present invention In the fourth example, the light transmission and reflection of the lcd device in the black display in the reflection mode; FIG. 1 4B is a schematic diagram illustrating the light transmission and reflection of the lcd device in the white display in the reflection mode in the fourth example of the present invention; FIG. 1 5 A is a schematic diagram illustrating the light transmission and reflection in the black display of the D device in the reflection mode in the fourth example of the present invention; FIG. 1 5 B is a π intended to illustrate the lc D device in the reflection mode in the fourth example of the present invention. Light transmission and reflection in a white display; Figure 16 is a chart illustrating the relationship between wavelength and transmittance in a black display in the fourth example; Figure 17 is a reflective L in a fifth example of the present invention c D device schematic diagram; Figure 1 A is a schematic diagram illustrating the fifth example of the present invention lc D device in the black display of reflection mode light transmission and reflection; Figure 18 B is a schematic diagram illustrating the fifth example of the present invention B c Transmission and reflection of light in the white display of the D device in the reflection mode; Figure 18 C is a schematic diagram illustrating the transmission and reflection of light in the black display of the fifth example lc D device of the present invention; Figure 18D is a Schematic diagram illustrating the fifth example of the LCD device of the present invention. The paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) A7

Light transmission and reflection in a white display with a cross-type display; Figure 19 Series-the graph shows the relationship between the fifth example and the black display rate; m Figure 20 Series-the graph shows the fifth example of the wavelength and black transmittance in the black display ^ FIG. 2 is a plan view of an active array substrate of an LCD device in a sixth example of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the active array substrate shown in FIG. 21; A method for manufacturing the active array substrate shown in FIGS. 21 and 22; FIG. 24 is a plan view of an active array substrate of one of the L c D devices in the seventh example of the present invention; A cross-sectional view of an LCD device taken along lines 5-2 '; Figures 2 A to 2 6 C are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing an active matrix substrate for an LCD device in an eighth example of the present invention; Figure 27A Sections 27 to 27C illustrate a method for manufacturing an active matrix substrate of an LCD device in a ninth example of the present invention; Figures 2 A to 2 8 C are sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing a tenth example in the present invention. A method for an active matrix substrate of an LCD device; Figures 29A to 29C are cut-aways A method for manufacturing an active array substrate for an LCD device in the eleventh example of the present invention is illustrated; FIG. 30 is a plan view of an active array substrate for the LCD device in the eleventh example; FIGS. 31A to 31E and 32A to 32C The cross-sectional view illustrates a method for manufacturing a display segment of an LCD device in the eleventh example; -14- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) 482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (12) FIGS. 33A to 33F are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for forming a gate terminal section of an LCD device in the eleventh example; FIG. 34A is a cross-sectional view of one terminal terminal of an LCD device in the eleventh modified example. Figure 3 4B is a sectional view of a gate terminal section of an LCD device in an eleventh modified example; Figure 3 5 A to 3 5 C are sectional views of a method for manufacturing an LCD device in a twelfth example of the present invention Figure 3 6 is a cross-sectional view of a BCD device made by a method shown in a thirteenth example of the present invention; Figure 37 is a cross-section of an LCD device made by another method shown in a thirteenth example of the present invention FIG. 37B is a diagram showing the LCD device shown in FIG. 37A Voltage-brightness relationship; FIG. 38A is a cross-sectional view of an LCD device made by a comparison method; and FIG. 38B is a graph showing the voltage-brightness relationship of the LCD device shown in FIG. 38A. Component symbol description

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1 First substrate 2 First substrate 3 Reflective electrode area 4 Transmissive electrode 5 Liquid crystal layer 55 Semiconductor layer 56a Semiconductor contact layer 56b Semiconductor contact layer 57 Thin film transistor 58a Transmissive electrode-15- This paper applies the Chinese national standard ( CNS) A4 specification (210X297 public love) 482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (13) 6 Polarizer 58b Source 7 Wave plate ^ 58c Drain 8 Transmit electrode area 59a Source line 9 Second polarizer 59b Source 10 Second Phase compensation element 59c Pole 11 Third phase compensation element 59d Connected to metal layer 12 Fourth phase compensation element 59e Metal layer 21 Gate line 60 Interlayer insulation layer 22 Data line 61 Reflective electrode 23 Drive element 62 Conductive metal layer 24 Drain 63 Contact Hole 25 Storage capacitor electrode 64 Round protrusion 26 Gate insulation layer 70 Gate line 27 Insulating substrate 71 Source line 28 Contact hole 78 Transmission electrode 29 Interlayer insulation layer 79 Reflection layer 30 Reflective electrode 80 Transparent interlayer insulation layer 30T Transmission electrode area 88 Electrode 31 through pixel electrode (through electrode area) 89 reflective electrode 32 storage capacitor line 90R reflection area 35 storage capacitor electrode 90T through 42 Interlayer insulation layer 100 Interlayer insulation layer 44 Transmissive electrode dr Thickness 51 Insulation board dt Thickness -16- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (14) 52 Gate electrode R Reflective region 53 Gate line. T Transmission region 54 Gate insulating layer A better example of the "reflective electrode region", "transmissive electrode region", "reflection region" and "transmissive region" will be described below. A reflective LCD device using ambient light to perform a display has a reflective electrode on one of the second substrates for reflecting ambient light transmitted through a liquid crystal layer. The reflective electrode region may be composed of a reflective electrode or a combination of a transmissive electrode and a reflective electrode (such as a reflective plate). In other words, an electrode for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer may be a transmissive electrode, and here In this case, the reflective electrode area for reflecting the input light does not need to be an electrode. A transmissive and reflective LCD device has a reflective electrode area. As with reflective LCD devices, the reflective electrode area can be composed of a reflective electrode or a combination of a transmissive electrode and a reflective layer (such as a reflective plate), and the transmissive electrode area It usually consists of a transmissive electrode. In an example of an LCD device having a small transmissive electrode area inside a reflective electrode (referred to as a transflective and semi-reflective LCD device), the liquid crystal molecules are applied to the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer through the reflective electrode in the transmissive electrode area Driven. Therefore, the transmissive electrode area does not need to be an electrode. In this type of LCD device, each of the transmission electrode regions has a measure smaller than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer (for example, a diameter in the case where the transmission electrode region is a circle). The reflective electrode area is composed of a combination of a transmissive electrode and a reflective layer and is used for semi-transparent -17- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm) 482917 A7 B7

In the example of the transflective LCD device, a transmissive electrode composed of each pixel region and a reflective layer having a plurality of openings as a whole can be used. … In the transmissive and reflective LCD devices of the present invention (excluding transmissive and reflective LCD devices), the area used to perform display in a transmissive mode can be regarded as two “transmissive areas”, and used in a reflective mode The area where the display is performed can be regarded as a "reflection area". The transmission area and the reflection area each include a transmission electrode area, a reflection electrode area, and a liquid crystal layer defined by the transmission electrode area and the reflection electrode area. Semi-transmissive and semi-reflective LCD devices also include a reflective electrode and a transmissive electrode area, but the light reflected by the reflective electrode and the light transmitted by the transmissive electrode area are mixed and overlapped, and according to this, the transmissive area and the reflective area are not alone地 definition. Easily, in LCD devices having a transmissive electrode region and a reflective electrode region for each pixel region, the transmissive region and the reflective region cannot be uniquely defined (that is, the regions substantially overlap). The D device can be referred to as a transflective and transflective LCD device. The term "pixel area" is defined as follows. An LCD device according to the present invention has a plurality of pixel areas for performing display. The term "pixel area" is defined as-; a part (a component) of the LCD device constitutes a pixel, that is, a smallest display unit. Generally, in an active-array LCD device including a counter electrode and a plurality of pixel electrodes, and the pixel electrodes are arranged in an array and switched by various active elements (such as TFTs), a pixel region includes one of the pixel electrodes, one positioned to correspond to A counter electrode region of the pixel electrode and a liquid crystal layer region located therebetween. In a simple array LCD device, that is, it includes a plurality of elongated electrodes (scanning electrodes and signal electrodes) each formed on two substrates and arranged crosswise with each other with a liquid crystal layer disposed therebetween. A pixel region includes a supply The strip electrodes intersect with each other -18- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X 297 mm)

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Line ____ B7 V. Description of the invention (16) The intersection area and a liquid crystal layer area positioned to correspond to the intersection area. A transmissive and reflective LCD device of the present invention has a reflective electrode region and a transmissive electrode region for each pixel region. The “phase compensation component” includes a phase plate or a phase film, and the “polarizer” includes a polarizing plate or a polarizing film. "Resistance; band" refers to a retardation related to the vertical incidence of light on a liquid crystal layer or a phase compensation element, unless otherwise specified. (Example 1) A first example of the present invention, a reflective LCD device with higher display quality than conventional LCD devices is specifically illustrated in the first example, as shown in FIG. 1 'Reflective type in the first example The LCD device includes a first substrate 1 including a transmissive electrode 4, a second substrate including a reflective electrode region 3, a liquid crystal layer 5 disposed between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, A polarizer 6 disposed on a surface of the first substrate 1 and opposite to the liquid crystal layer 5, and a λ / 4 wave plate 7 disposed between the polarizer 6 and the liquid crystal layer 5. FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a pixel area of a reflective [CD device of the present invention. The liquid crystal layer 5 includes liquid crystal molecules (not shown in the figure) that exhibit negative anisotropy. The liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 5 are roughly processed to facilitate the arrangement of the first and second radicals in the vertical direction when no voltage is applied. The surface of materials 1 and 2 (a liquid crystal layer is processed so that the liquid crystal molecules in it can arrange the surface of the substrate in the vertical direction when no voltage is applied. This is called a "vertical alignment liquid crystal layer", and a liquid crystal layer After being processed so that the liquid crystal molecules in it can arrange the surface of the substrate in the horizontal direction when no voltage is applied, this is called "horizontal liquid crystal layer"). One of the Λ / 4 wave plates 7 is more transparent than one of the retarded axes and one of the polarizers 6-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 482917 A7 __B7 V. Description of the invention ^ Axial system Set to form an angle of about 45 degrees, the linearly polarized light incident through the polarizer 6 is converted into circularly polarized light, and the circularly polarized light reflected by the reflective electrode region 3 and transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 5 is converted into linearly polarized light. . Accordingly, when no voltage is applied, the blocker by the liquid crystal layer 5 is substantially zero, and a satisfactory black display is obtained. As shown in FIG. 2, a transmissive and reflective LCD device in a first example includes a first substrate 1, a second substrate 2, and a liquid crystal disposed between the first and second substrates 1 and 2. Layer 5, a first polarizer 6 disposed on one surface of the first substrate 1 and opposite to the liquid crystal layer 5, and a second polarizer 6 disposed on one surface of the second substrate 2 and opposite to the liquid crystal layer 5. Polarizer 9. The transmissive and reflective LCD device further includes a first phase compensation element 7 (usually a λ / 4 wave plate) disposed between the first polarizer 6 and the liquid crystal layer 5, and a second phase compensation element 1 (usually Is a λ / 4 wave plate) provided between the second polarizer 9 and the liquid crystal layer 5. The second substrate 2 includes a reflective electrode region (R) 3 and a transmissive electrode region g (T) for each of a plurality of pixel regions. FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a pixel region of a transmissive and reflective LCD device. In FIG. 2, the reflective electrode region 3 (R) and the transmissive electrode region 8 (T) are each disclosed as a region ν for simplicity. The transmissive and reflective L c D device is not limited to this, and it may have a plurality of transmissive electrode regions 8 in the reflective electrode region 3 'as a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective lcd device. The transmissive and reflective LCD devices shown in FIG. 2 operate in the following manner. In the reflection mode, when the retardation (birefringence) of the liquid crystal layer in the visual direction (that is, the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer) is substantially zero (that is, the initial alignment state in the vertical alignment mode and the horizontal alignment mode are supplied with the aforementioned saturated voltage) Status), black (dark) display is performed for the following reasons. Straight through the first polarizer -20- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CMS) A4 specification (210X297 male 482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (18-line polarized light is transmitted through the first phase compensation element and the liquid crystal layer, It is then reflected and transmitted again through the liquid crystal layer and the first compensation element to facilitate incidence on the first polarizer, where the light has a sufficient polarization component perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer for black display. When there is a block in the visual direction, the white (bright color) display is performed for the following reasons. The linearly polarized light passing through the first polarizer passes through the first phase compensation element and the liquid crystal layer, and then reflects and passes through the liquid crystal layer and again. The first compensation element is incident on the first polarizer, where the light has a sufficient polarization component parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer for white display. The liquid crystal layer corresponds to different resistances. The gray scale display of retardation is obtained by applying a voltage through the liquid crystal layer. In the transmission mode, when the retardation in the visual direction is approximately At this time, the black display is performed for the following reasons. The linearly polarized light transmitted through the second polarizer is transmitted through the second phase compensation element, the liquid crystal layer, and the first phase compensation element to facilitate incident on the first polarizer. Here, the light has a sufficient polarization component parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer for black display. When there is a block in the visual direction, the white display is performed for the following reasons. Linearly polarized light passing through the second polarizer It is transmitted through the second phase compensation element, the liquid crystal layer, and the first phase compensation element to facilitate incidence on the first polarizer. Here, the light has a sufficient polarization component parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer to perform The white display can be obtained according to the gray scale display of different retardation. According to this, when the reflection mode and the transmission mode are used together, the black display is -21-this paper scale applies the Chinese national standard &lt; CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) loaded

k 482917 A7 V. Description of the invention __B7 19)

Two modes are performed, and a high-contrast display is obtained, and a gray-scale display is performed by controlling the voltage to change the blocking. 2. The reflection area displayed in the reflection mode and the transmission area displayed in the transmission mode are used in the case of each pixel area, and the use factor $ of the reflected light is improved. In addition, in this structure, the thickness (blocking) of the liquid crystal layer in the reflection region and the transmission region can be independently adjusted. Therefore, each display mode can be optimized. When the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules is substantially perpendicular to the surfaces of the first and second substrates, the retardation caused by the liquid crystal layer is approximately zero, and the retardation caused by each of the first and second phase compensation elements can satisfy Under the condition of λ / 4, the visual direction in the reflection mode is almost free of the birefringence caused by the liquid crystal layer. It uses light reflected by a region having a reflection function, such as a reflection layer or a reflection plate. Accordingly, the circularly polarized light is incident on the reflective electrode area and is reflected by it or has circularly polarized light having an opposite rotation direction. The light passes through the first phase compensation element to become linearly polarized light and is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer. Since the reflection area is used as an optical isolator, it can provide a black display with very little light leakage. When there is a retardation (birefringence) caused by the liquid crystal layer in the viewing direction in the reflection mode, the retardation can be changed by the control voltage. Therefore, it has been incident on the first polarizer, reflected, and incident on the first polarizer again. The light on it may have a component parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer, thereby obtaining a bright color display with a gray scale. When there is almost no blocking caused by the liquid crystal layer in the viewing direction in the transmission mode, the circularly polarized light incident on the liquid crystal layer is maintained as it passes through the liquid crystal layer. -22- This paper applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 Specifications (210 X 297 mm)

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482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (20) Circular polarized light. The light passes through the first phase compensating element to become linearly polarized light and is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer, thereby providing a black display with extremely small light leakage. When there is a block caused by the liquid crystal layer in the visual direction in the transmission mode, the block can be changed by the control voltage. Therefore, the light incident on the second polarizer is incident on the first polarizer and parallel to the first polarizer. A polarizer has a transmission axis, so it can provide a white display with a gray scale. As described above, when the reflection mode and the transmission mode are used, the state of the liquid crystal molecules used for black display is the same in both modes, and a black display with substantially no light leakage is provided. Regardless of the ambient light intensity, the transmissive and reflective LCD devices provide a high contrast display. In this LCD device, even when the retardation (α) caused by the liquid crystal molecules is still almost perpendicular to the first and second substrate states and cannot be ignored, for example, when a horizontally aligned liquid crystal layer is used or when the tilt angle is previously set, When the vertical alignment liquid crystal layer is too large, the residual retardation caused by the liquid crystal layer and the retardation caused by the phase compensation element can be set to meet the λ / 4 condition in a wide wavelength range, and in the reflection mode Medium provides high contrast display. In the reflection mode, the light that passes through the liquid crystal layer twice and then leaves the liquid crystal layer is elliptical polarized light. The difference between the polarized light and the circular polarized light is the remaining retardation value α. The elliptical polarized light and the incident light have a phase of 90 ° Disagreement. According to this, when passing through the first phase compensation element having a retardation value of λ / 4-α, the light gradually becomes linearly polarized light perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer. Since the reflection area is like an optical isolator, it can Provides black display with minimal light leakage. -23- This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (21 ~ &quot; It can be understood that even when the remaining block cannot be ignored, The high contrast display can still be obtained in the reflection mode. In the case of the main reflection mode display, for example, when the reflective pixel electrode is larger than the transmissive pixel electrode, the second phase compensation element 10 shown in FIG. 3 may be Wave plate of 4. Even in cases where the remaining retardation is not negligible, such as when a horizontally aligned liquid crystal layer is used or when the pretilt angle is too large in a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer, 'high contrast display can use the following structure and Provided for a reflective LCD device, a transmissive LCD device, and a transmissive and reflective LCD device. When the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the vertical direction, α is the retardation value caused by the liquid crystal layer in the reflection area, and Is the retardation value caused by the liquid crystal layer in the transmission region, then the retardation value of the first phase compensation element satisfies λ / 4-α and the retardation value of the second phase compensation element satisfies / 4-(accounting for -α). As above In the reflection mode, the light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer twice and then leaving the liquid crystal layer is elliptical polarized light, and the difference between the polarized light and the circular polarized light is the remaining retardation value α. When transmitted through has λ / 4-α When the retardation value of the first phase compensation element, the light gradually becomes linearly polarized light, and is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer. In the transmission mode. When the retardation value (stone) caused by the liquid crystal molecules in the viewing angle cannot be ignored ' The light leaving the liquid crystal layer is the elliptically polarized light in the reflection mode, because the second phase compensation element is set to have a retardation value of λ / 4_ (cold-α). When passing through the phase compensation element, the elliptically polarized light becomes a straight line The polarized light is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer, so a black display with very small light leakage can be obtained. Even in the case where the remaining retardation is not negligible, the display with high contrast is Li-24-this paper is suitable for the standard Financial Standards (CNS) Α4 secret (21Gχ 297 public love) 482917 A7 _ B7 ___ V. Description of the invention (22) The following structure is provided for a reflective LCD device, a Transmissive LCD device and a transmissive and reflective LCD device. When the remaining retardation is negligible, circularly polarized light is incident on the liquid crystal layer, so as to use the following settings to obtain a high-contrast display with the simplest and provincial structure. The first and second compensation elements are each composed of a 1/4 wave plate, the transmission axis of the first polarizer and the slower axis of the first phase compensation element are set at an angle of about 45 degrees, and the transmission of the second polarizer is The axis and the relatively retarded axis of the second phase compensation element are also set to have an angle of about 45 degrees. In a transmissive and reflective LCD device, a liquid crystal layer can be used and the liquid crystal molecules within it can be applied at no voltage. The surface of the substrate is generally arranged in the vertical direction. In this case, the LCD device can be used as a transmissive LCD device when the ambient light is dark, so as to display using the light from the backlight and the light passing through the electrode area. Made of a material with high light transmittance. When the ambient light is bright, the LCD device can be used as a reflective LCD device to display the ambient light reflected by the reflective electrode area, which is made of a material with a higher light reflectivity. When the transmission mode and reflection mode are used together, the almost complete black display can be performed in two modes. Therefore, a high contrast display can be obtained, which will be described in detail later. A transmissive and reflective LCD device can be operated in a normal black (hereinafter referred to as NB) mode and a normally white (hereinafter referred to as nw) mode by using birefringence. In the NW mode, the voltage applied to obtain a black display changes as the cell gap changes. In the N β mode, the voltage applied to obtain a white display changes as the cell gap changes. Accordingly, in the N w mode Medium-light-dark ratio -25- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public directors) 482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (23) Obviously with the need for precise cell gap control Variety. In the NB mode, the comparison does not change roughly according to the cell gap. It provides a large margin for the control of the cell gap. In addition, in the NB mode, when a switching element (such as a TFT) fails, voltage is prevented from being applied to the pixel electrode. This will cause insignificant black spots. A transmissive and reflective LCD device operable in the NB mode has high production efficiency, and a high contrast display can be obtained easily without regard to the ambient light intensity of the present invention. A phase compensation element can be provided to compensate for the influence of the anisotropy of the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules in the light incident direction and the visual direction on the liquid crystal layer. In this structure, 'the reduction can be based on the contrast between the light incident direction and the visual direction. To avoid. When a polarization-rotating dopant is added to a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer made of a liquid crystal material having an anisotropy of the negative electromotive force of the LCD device, the liquid crystal molecules rotate when a voltage is applied. Therefore, the liquid crystal molecules are subjected to a voltage application. The rotation of the time is stabilized by the polarization dopant. When the alignment layers in the vicinity of the two substrates are rubbed in different directions, the traces of the alignment treatment are not in the same direction, and thus are not obvious. When the liquid crystal layer has a twisted direction of 90 degrees, a black display with a very small light leakage can be obtained as follows: 'The tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the two substrates is at a 90 degree angle' and is therefore generated in the tilted direction. The stagnation will offset each other. The refractive index of a birefringent material that forms a phase compensation element and is related to normal light and abnormal light depends on the wavelength. Therefore, the phase delay accumulated at the special thickness in the phase compensation element also depends on the wavelength. In other words, phase -26- This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (21〇X 297mm)-: ----- 482917

Delay (for example, λ / 4) will only be provided in the form of incident linearly polarized light only when the human light has a specific single-wavelength. According to this, the 纟 / 4 phase delay 'part of the area where the refractive index anisotropy wavelength dependence of the birefringent material constituting the λM wave plate has not been reached, a part of the light passes through the polarizer on the exit side, and It is not absorbed by the polarizer. As a result, the darkness of the cumulative display is changed according to the present invention. The relatively slow axis of the wave plate of the first and second phase compensation elements is set to be perpendicular to each other. Due to this structure, the first phase The wavelength dependence of the refractive index anisotropy of the compensation element is offset by the wavelength dependence of the refractive index anisotropy of the second phase compensation element, so a specific phase difference is satisfied within the entire specific wavelength range to improve The darkness of the black display. &quot; As shown in FIG. 17, a third phase compensation element can be provided between the first polarizer 6 and the liquid crystal layer 5. Due to this structure, when the linearly polarized light is changed from the first phase compensation element to a circle The refractive index wavelength dependence caused by polarized light is offset to a certain degree. Accordingly, in the reflection mode, the conversion into circularly polarized light is performed in a state where the dispersion in a polarized state is reduced over a wide range of wavelengths to improve the darkness of the black display. In the case where the third phase compensation element is composed of a / 2 wave plate and the transmission axis of the first polarizer and the slower axis of the first phase compensation element are set at an angle of 2r 1 + 4 5 degrees (where r 1 is the first The angle between the transmission axis of a polarizer and the slower axis of the third compensation element), the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light from the first compensation element is changed by the third phase compensation element 'and then changed by the first phase compensation element It is a circularly polarized light. According to this, the refractive index anisotropy and wavelength dependence of the first phase compensation element can be -27- This paper size is applicable to China @ 家 标准 (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 public 隽>

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A7 B7 25 V. Description of the invention Compensation is reasonable. Therefore, the dispersion in the polarized state is reduced over a wide range of wavelengths in the reflection mode, and circularly polarized light can be obtained in a satisfactory manner 'to improve the darkness of the black display in the reflection mode. When the first and second phase compensating elements are arranged in opposition, approximately the same effect can be obtained. Especially when the vertical retardation of the liquid crystal layer or the residual retardation caused by the liquid crystal layer is negligible in the dark state, the first phase compensation element may be composed of a λ / 4 wave plate. When an alpha retardation value is still in the liquid crystal in the reflection mode in the dark state, the retardation value of the first phase compensation element is; ^ / 4-alpha plate, so that the light branched by the circularly polarized light is incident on the liquid crystal layer. When light passes through the liquid crystal layer and reaches the reflective electrode, the light gradually becomes circularly polarized because the dispersion in the polarized state is eliminated over a wide wavelength range, so that a satisfactory black display can be obtained in the reflective mode. A fourth phase compensation element 2 can be provided between the second polarizer 9 and the liquid crystal layer 5 'Due to this structure, the wavelength dependence of the refractive index anisotropy caused when the linearly polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light The relationship is offset to a certain degree. According to this, in the transmission mode, the transformation into circularly polarized light is performed in a state where the polarization is reduced in a wide range of wavelengths, in order to improve the darkness of the black display, even when the reflection mode and the transmission mode are And can still obtain a satisfactory black display when used. In the case where the fourth phase compensation element is composed of a λ / 2 wave plate and the transmission axis of the second polarizer and the slower axis of the second phase compensation element are set at an angle of 2T 2 + 45 degrees (wherein the second The transmission axis of the polarizer and -28- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public directors) A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (26) The angle between the slower axis of the fourth compensation element) The linearly polarized light of the second compensation element is changed in orientation by the fourth phase compensation element, and then converted into circularly polarized light by the second phase compensation element. Based on this, the refractive index anisotropy wavelength dependence of the first phase compensation element Can be compensated to achieve the ideal. Therefore, the dispersion in the polarized state is reduced over a wide range of wavelengths in the transmission mode, and circularly polarized light can be obtained in a satisfactory manner. Especially when the vertical retardation of the liquid crystal layer or the residual retardation caused by the liquid crystal layer is negligible in the dark state, the second phase compensating element may be composed of a few 4 wave plates. When an alpha retardation value is still in the reflection mode and a / 3 retardation value is still in the transmission mode and both are in the dark liquid crystal layer, the retardation value of the elements used by the latter is human / 4- (none-α), so that The light that diverges from the circularly polarized light is incident on the 9th layer of the liquid. When the light passes through the liquid crystal layer, the light is the same as the polarized state in the reflection mode. Therefore, when the light passes through the third phase compensation element, the light gradually becomes linearly polarized light and is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer to improve the darkness of the black display, even when the transmission mode and the reflection mode are used together. A satisfactory black display can still be obtained. In the case where the slower axes of the first and second phase compensation elements are perpendicular to each other and the relatively slower axes of the third and fourth phase compensation elements are perpendicular to each other, the wavelength dependence of the refractive index anisotropy of the first and third phase compensation elements can be respectively The wavelength dependence of the refractive index anisotropy of the second and fourth phase compensation elements is offset. In this case, the darkness of the black display is improved. (Example 1) An L C D device in a first example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1. -29- This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 _____B7 V. Description of the invention (27) A substrate 2 includes a reflective electrode 3 (as shown in the reflective electrode area of Figure i) (Shown), is made of a material with a high reflectivity, such as aluminum or osmium. A substrate 1 includes a counter electrode (shown as a transmissive electrode in FIG. 1), and a liquid crystal layer 5 made of a liquid crystal material exhibiting a negative dielectric anisotropy is disposed between the reflective electrode 3 and the counter electrode 4. The alignment layer (not shown) is provided on the surfaces of the reflective electrode 3 and the counter electrode 4 which are in contact with the liquid crystal layer 5. The alignment layer is used to align liquid crystal molecules (not shown) in the liquid crystal layer 5 so as to be perpendicular to The surface of the substrate 丨, 2. After the alignment layer is provided, at least one of the alignment layers is subjected to alignment processing, for example, using friction. Due to the alignment treatment, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 5 are related to the vertical direction and have an inclination angle of about 0.1 to 5 degrees with respect to the surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2. Since the liquid crystal layer 5 is made of a material with negative anisotropy, when a voltage is applied between the reflective electrode 3 and the counter electrode 4, the liquid crystal molecules are inclined in relation to the surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2. Level. The reflective electrode 3 is used to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 5, but the reflective electrode 3 can only be used as a reflective plate, not as an electrode for applying a voltage. In this case, for example, the transmissive electrode 8 may be extended to the reflective electrode 3 as an electrode to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 5 in the reflective region. The liquid crystal material used here has a refractive index anisotropy Ne (refractive index related to ordinary light) = 1.5546, No (refractive index related to ordinary light) = 1.4773, and △ NiNe-NohO.imS. A / 4 wave plate 7 is provided on the surface of the substrate 1 and is opposite to the counter electrode 4. One of the slower axes of the 4 wave plate 7 is set to be related to a longitudinal axis of the liquid crystal molecules (ie, the molecular axis). At an angle of 45 degrees, a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5 -30-

482917 A7 ___B7 V. Description of the invention (28) When 0 λ / 4 wave plate 7 is used to convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light, and convert circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light. In this example, the λ / 4 wave plate 7 is provided on the surface of the substrate 1 and is opposed to the counter electrode 4, but may be provided between the reflective electrode 3 and the liquid crystal layer 5. The λ / 4 wave plate 7 can be applied to the surface of the substrate 1 or integrated into a polarizer 6 to reduce production costs. A polarizer 6 is disposed on one surface of the λ / 4 wave plate 7 and is opposite to the substrate 1. A transmission axis of the polarizer 6 is set to be inclined relative to the slower axis of the λ / 4 wave plate 7 4 5 Degree angle β FIG. 7A is a plan view of an active array substrate (substrate 2) in the first example, and FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of the active array substrate taken along lines 7B-7B of FIG. 7A. As shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the active array substrate includes a gate line 21, a data line 22, a driving element 23, a pole 24, a storage capacitor electrode 25, a gate insulation layer 26, a An insulating substrate 27, a contact hole 28, an interlayer insulating layer 29, and a reflective electrode 30 (corresponding to the reflective electrode 3 in FIG. 1). The storage capacitor electrode 25 is energized to the drain electrode 24, and is stacked on a storage capacitor line 3 2 with a gate insulation layer 2 6 interposed therebetween. Therefore, the storage capacitor electrode 25, the insulation layer 26, and the storage capacitor line 3 2 constitutes a storage capacitor. The contact hole 28 is provided in the interlayer insulating layer 29 for connecting the reflective electrode 30 and the storage capacitor electrode 25. Please refer to FIGS. 3A and 1B. The transmission and reflection of light in the reflection mode of the first example L C D device will be described below. Figure 1 3 A reveals the black display performed when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5. -31-This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 ______ B7 V. Description of the invention 29), and FIG. 13B reveals the white display performed when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5. In the drawings, the reflective electrode 3 (reflective electrode region 3) is located on the left side. Referring to FIG. 1A, The black display will be explained below. The light incident on the top surface of the polarizer 6 passes through the polarizer 6 to become linearly polarized light rays' and is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, and then incident on the λ / 4 wave plate 7. The λ / 4 wave plate 7 is arranged so that the transmission axis of the polarizer 6 is at a 45 degree angle with the slower axis of the λ / 4 wave plate 7. Therefore, the light passing through the long / 4 wave plate 7 gradually becomes circularly polarized light. . When no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the liquid crystal molecules used in the liquid crystal layer 5 and having a negative dielectric anisotropy are approximately perpendicular to the surfaces of the substrates 1, 2. According to this, the liquid crystal layer 5 refracts incident light. Exponential anisotropy is minimal. In other words, the phase difference caused by the transmission of light through the liquid crystal layer 5 is substantially zero. Accordingly, the circularly polarized light from the λ / 4 wave plate 7 passes through the liquid crystal layer 5 while maintaining the circularly polarized light and is reflected by the reflective electrode 3 in the substrate 2. The circularly polarized light reflected by the reflective electrode 3 passes through the liquid crystal layer 5 and approaches the substrate 1 and is incident on the λ / 4 wave plate 7, but the circularly polarized light is maintained. Subsequently, the circularly polarized light passes through the λ / 4 wave plate 7 to become a linearly polarized light, is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, and then enters the polarizer 6. Since the polarization direction of the light is now perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, the light is absorbed by the polarizer 6 and not transmitted. -32- This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 __B7 V. Description of the invention (30) In this case, the black display can be performed. Referring to Figure 1 3B, the white display will be explained as follows. The process until the light passes through; the 1/4 wave plate 7 or circularly polarized light is the same as the above, so it will not be described in detail. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the liquid crystal molecules are tilted horizontally in relation to the surfaces of the substrates 1, 2. According to this, the circularly polarized light incident on the liquid crystal layer 5 is formed by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. Oval polarized light. The light is then reflected by the reflective electrode 3, and the polarized light is changed after passing through the liquid crystal layer 5. When the light passes through the 4 wave plate 7, the light does not become a linearly polarized light perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6. Therefore, the amount of light transmitted through the polarizer through the polarizer can be adjusted by controlling the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 5 and reflected by the reflective electrode 3 and then passed through the polarizer 6. Therefore, a gray scale display can be provided. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5 by the reflective electrode 3 and the counter electrode 4 to change the direction of the liquid crystal molecules, so that the phase difference caused by the liquid crystal layer 5 satisfies the condition of 1/4 wavelength (that is, λ / 4), when light passes through When reaching the reflective electrode 3 through the liquid crystal layer 5, the circularly polarized light from the λ / 4 wave plate 7 becomes a linearly polarized light, and is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6. The light passes through the liquid crystal layer 5 and the I / O wave plate 7 again to become linearly polarized light, and is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6 'in this case'. The amount of light transmitted through the polarizer 6 is the maximum. As described above, "when no voltage is applied across the liquid crystal layer 5, black display is obtained because the liquid crystal layer 5 is substantially free of birefringence; and when a voltage is applied across the liquid crystal layer 5," light transmission can be changed according to the voltage r. Rate to obtain a grayscale display. Figure 4 reveals the spectral reflectance characteristics of the reflective LCD device in the first example. -33- This paper size is in accordance with China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)

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A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (31) It is obtained when the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer is d = 3 56 microns and the retardation value of the liquid crystal layer (that is, the phase difference ΔΔN = 0 · 2752, at which time the light is incident and received vertically. In Figure 4, 'in the case of normal incidence and reception of light, the spectral reflectance of a single reflecting plate is 100. As shown in Figure 4, a sufficient light-dark ratio of 50 or more can be displayed and displayed in black when no voltage is applied. Obtained over a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm with a white display when a voltage of 3.25 volts is applied. When a voltage of 3.25 volts is applied, approximately 40% reflectance is obtained, which is approximately equal to the transmittance of the polarizer 6. This high light usage factor is suitable for a reflective LCD device. Figure 5 reveals the spectral reflectance characteristics of the reflective LCD device in the first example, which is in the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer d == 4 5 microns and liquid crystal The retardation value of the layer (that is, the phase difference) is obtained when dAN = 0.3479, at which time the light is incident and received vertically. As shown in FIG. 5, a sufficient light-dark ratio of 50 or more can be displayed and applied in black when no voltage is applied Between white display at volts Obtained in the wavelength range of 400 to 700 nanometers. When applying a 3 volt e-calendar, a reflectance of approximately 40 ❶ / ❶ can be obtained, at which time the cell gap d = 3.56 microns. Figure 6 reveals when the light is at 550 When the wavelength of nanometer is incident and received in the vertical direction, the relationship between the cell gap and the light-dark ratio of the first example reflective LCD device. The light-dark ratio is measured by applying a voltage, and the retardation value caused by the liquid crystal layer is -34. -This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard &lt; CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public copy) 482917 A7 ___ B7 V. Description of the invention (32) (Phase difference) dZ \ N This voltage is used to meet the 1/4 wavelength condition . As shown in FIG. 6, the reflective IC device in the first example maintains a light-to-dark ratio of 500 or more without regard to the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer. According to this, when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, the display can be provided without reducing the light-dark ratio, as long as the phase difference dAN can satisfy the 1/4 wavelength condition. The cell gap d can be arbitrarily set. Figure 12 shows the relationship between the angle of the retarded axis of the λ / 4 wave plate and the light-dark ratio. When the retarded axis is inclined at a 45-degree angle in relation to the transmission axis of the polarizer, the retardation of the I / 4 wave plate is slower. The axis angle is set to zero. When the angle difference of the slower axis is within 3 degrees, a light-dark ratio of more than 500 can be obtained, so a reflective LCd device with satisfactory display characteristics can be provided. In other words, even when the 1/4 wave plate is combined with the polarizer and the angle of the λ / 4 wave plate is slightly different from the set axis, the high contrast can still be achieved. Figure 6 reveals the value of the reflection of the plate after it is omitted. In actual use, the reflection of the plate can not be ignored, and the light-dark ratio with the reflection of the panel can be regarded as about 20, which still satisfies a reflective l c D device. In the first example, an L c D device with a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer is used so that the retardation caused by the liquid crystal layer is substantially zero when no voltage is applied. In normal black display conditions, the darkness of the black state can be provided to improve Compared. (Example 2) An LCD device in a second example of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. 2 as follows, and the same reference numbers are used for the same components as in the first example. -35- This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇χ 297 mm) 482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (33 A substrate 2 includes a reflective electrode 3 (as shown in the reflective electrode area of Figure 2) (Shown), is made of a material with a local reflectivity, such as aluminum or tantalum, and a transmission electrode 8 (as shown in the transmission electrode area of Figure 2), is made of a high transmission material, such as ITO ° — The substrate 1 includes a counter electrode 4 (shown as a transmissive electrode in FIG. 2), and a liquid crystal layer 5 made of a liquid crystal material exhibiting anisotropy of a negative electrical conductivity is provided on the reflective electrode 3 / transmitting electrode 8 and the counter electrode 4 The alignment layer (not shown) is provided on the surface of the reflective electrode 3 / transmissive electrode 8 and the counter electrode 4 which are in contact with the liquid crystal layer 5. The alignment layer is used to align the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 5 (in the figure) (Not shown) to be perpendicular to the surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2. After the alignment layer is provided, at least one of the alignment layers is subjected to alignment treatment, such as rubbing. Because the alignment liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 5 are related to the vertical direction, For substrates 1 and 2, the surface has an inclination angle of about 0.1 to 5 degrees The reflective electrode 3 is used to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 5, but the reflective electrode 3 can only be used as a reflective plate, not as an electrode for applying a voltage. In this case, for example, the transmission electrode 8 can be extended to the reflective electrode. 3, a voltage is applied as an electrode to the liquid crystal layer 5 in the reflection area. The liquid crystal material used here has a refractive index anisotropy N e (refractive index related to abnormal light) = 1.5546, No ( Refraction index related to ordinary light) = 14773 〇 A λ / 4 wave plate 7 is set on the surface of the substrate 1 and is opposite to the counter electrode 4, and one of the λ / 4 wave plates 7 is set to a slower axis as The longitudinal axis of one of the liquid crystal molecules is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees, and a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5. A / 4 wave plate 10 is provided on the surface of the substrate 2 and is opposite to the reflective electrode 3- 36- This paper size applies to Chinese national standards (CNS> A4 size (210 x 297 mm). Ij * k 482917 A7 ______ B7 V. Description of the invention (34 ~) and transmission electrode 8 'λ / 4 wave plate 1〇 One of the slower axes is parallel to the slower axis of the λ / 4 wave plate 7. A polarizer 6 is provided at λ / 4 A polarizer 9 is disposed on one surface of the plate 7 and is opposite to the substrate 1, and a polarizer 9 is disposed on one surface of the λ / 4 wave plate 10 and is opposite to the substrate 2. One transmission axis of the polarizer 6 is set to be related It is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees at the slower axis of the λ / 4 wave plate 7, and the transmission axis of one of the polarizers 9 is set to be inclined at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the slower axis of the λ / 4 wave plate 10. A is a plan view of an active array substrate (substrate 2) in the second example, and FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of the active array substrate taken along line 8B-8B of FIG. 8A. As shown in Figs. 8A and 8B, the active array substrate includes a gate line 2 1, a data line 2 2, a driving element 2 3, a drain electrode 2 4, a storage capacitor electrode 3 5, and a gate insulation layer. 2 6. An insulating substrate 2 7. A contact hole 2 8. An interlayer insulating layer 29 9. A reflective pixel electrode (reflective electrode area) 3 0 (corresponding to the reflective electrode 3 in FIG. 2) and a transmission pixel The electrode (transmissive electrode region) 31 (corresponds to the transmissive electrode 8 in FIG. 2). The storage capacitor electrode 3 5 is energized to the drain electrode 24 and is superposed on the gate wire 2 1 with the gate insulation layer 2 6 interposed therebetween. Therefore, the storage capacitor electrode 3 5, the insulation layer 2 6, and the gate wire 2 1 Forms a storage capacitor. The contact hole 28 is provided in the interlayer insulating layer 29 and is used to connect the transmission pixel electrode 31 and the storage capacitor electrode 35. The reflective pixel electrode 30 and the transmissive pixel electrode 3 1 independently define a reflective area and a transmissive area in each of the plurality of pixel areas in the LCD device. The reflective area uses reflected external light for reflective mode display, and transmits The area is displayed in transmission mode by allowing backlight light to pass through. Needless to say -37 · This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm)

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482917 A7 _________B7 V. Description of the Invention (35) Ground ’Because the light component is obliquely incident on the L o d device in the cross display, the boundary between the two areas is not very clear. As shown in FIG. 8A, it is preferable to provide a reflective electrode region 3 () in a peripheral region of a pixel region and a transmissive electrode region 31 in a central region of a pixel region. By partially overlapping the reflective electrode area 30 on the gate line 2 丨 and the data line 22, it is advantageous to form a storage capacitor and expand the display area. In the first example, 'it provides a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective LCD device, FIG. 8C is a plan view of an active array substrate used in one of the semi-transmissive and semi-reflective LCD devices'. FIG. 8 D is along FIG. 8 C-8 D- A cross-sectional view of the active array substrate taken along line 8D ', and FIG. 8E is a cross-sectional view of the active array substrate taken along line 8E-8E' of FIG. 8C. The active array substrate shown in FIG. 8C includes a small transmissive electrode region 30T provided in the reflective electrode region 30, and the reflective electrode region 30 and the transmissive electrode region 30T do not uniquely define the reflective region and the transmissive region. However, the display in reflection and transmission modes is mixed and overlapped in the entire pixel area. As shown in FIG. 8D, the active array substrate in FIG. 8C is made by, for example, forming a reflective electrode 30 with a plurality of openings 30T. Since a voltage system uses the reflective electrode 30 to apply over-reflection The liquid crystal molecules on the electrode 30 openings 30 T (the oblique electric field is formed between the reflective electrode 30 and the counter electrode), so the formation of the transmissive electrode 31 can be omitted, in other words, the reflective electrode 30 can be transmitted through half Formed with a semi-reflective layer. In addition, when the reflective electrode 30 uses a light lithography to make a pattern, openings having a predetermined shape can be formed at a predetermined density. One of the openings should be not larger than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, so that a sufficient amount of voltage can be obtained by An oblique electric field is applied across the liquid crystal layer. Semi-transmitting and semi-reflecting punishment -38- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard &lt; CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 482917 A7 ------- B7 V. Description of the invention ~~ &quot; The electrode can be seen in the previous Japanese public announcement No. 7_333598. The semi-transmissive and semi-reflective layer is formed by depositing metal particles to a minimum thickness of 4 in a pixel region, or forming scattered micro-pores in a pixel region. Or pits. In addition, as shown in FIG. 8E, the active array substrate in FIG. 8C is made, for example, by forming a transmissive electrode 44 on a reflective electrode region 30 having an opening in the entire pixel region. In the structure, the liquid crystal molecules on the transmissive electrode region 30 τ are supplied with the same voltage as the liquid crystal molecules on the reflective electrode region 30. During the etching process for forming the transmissive electrode 44 (for example, when the reflective electrode region 30 is made of aluminum and the transmissive electrode 44 * ITO), electrical corrosion occurs between the reflective electrode region 30 and the transmissive electrode 44. As shown in FIG. 8E, electrical corrosion can be avoided by forming an interlayer insulating layer 4 2 (for example, made of silicon oxide or a polymer resin) on the reflective electrode region 30 and forming a transmission electrode 44 on the interlayer insulating layer 42. . Please refer to FIGS. 13A and 13B. The transmission and reflection of light in the transmission mode of the second example LCD device will be described below. FIG. 13A reveals the black display when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, and FIG. 13B reveals the white display when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5. In the drawings, the transmission electrode 8 (Transmissive electrode area) is provided on the right side. In Figs. 13A and 1B, the 'reflective electrode region 3' has the same structure as that of the first example, so it will not be described in detail. When the LCD device is used as a reflective LCD device, the LCD device operates in the same manner as the first example. The LCD device in the transmission mode will be described later, and the LCD device in the reflective mode will not be repeated. -39- This paper size applies to Chinese National Standards &lt; CNS) A4 specification (210X297 public love ^ 482917 A7 ______B7_ ___ V. Description of the invention (37) Refer to Figure 1 3 A, the black display will be explained as follows. The light emitted is incident on the polarizer 9 and becomes linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer. The λ / 4 wave plate 10 is arranged so that its slower optical axis is related to the polarizer 9 It is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees through the axis, so that the light passing through the λ / 4 wave plate 10 gradually becomes circularly polarized light. When no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, it is used in the liquid crystal layer 5 and has a negative rate of electrical conductivity. The anisotropic liquid crystal molecules are approximately perpendicular to the surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2. According to this, the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer 5 to incident light is extremely small. In other words, it is caused by light passing through the liquid crystal layer 5. The phase difference is approximately zero. Accordingly, the circularly polarized light from the λ / 4 wave plate 10 passes through the liquid crystal layer 5 'to maintain the circularly polarized light and is incident on the χ / 4 wave plate 7. The λ / 4 wave plate The slower axis of 1 〇 and the slower axis of λ / 4 wave plate 7 are mutually Therefore, the circularly polarized light incident on the λ / 4 wave plate 7 becomes linearly polarized light, and is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 9 and incident on the polarizer 6. The linearly polarized light from the λ / 4 wave plate 7 The light is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, and is absorbed and not transmitted by the polarizer 6. In this case, the black display is pending. Referring to FIG. 13B, the white display will be explained below. Until the light passes through the λ / 4 wave The process up to plate 10 is the same as the above, so it will not be repeated. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the liquid crystal molecules are related to the surface of the substrates 1 and 2 to be inclined horizontally, and accordingly, incident on the liquid crystal layer Circular polarized light on 5-40- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) &quot; &quot; '&quot; &quot; &quot; &quot; 482917 A7 ____B7 V. Description of the invention ( 38) The line is elliptical polarized light by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. After passing through the λ / 4 wave plate 7, the light does not become a linearly polarized light perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, so the light passes through the polarized light.器 6。 By control The voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 5 can be adjusted, and the amount of light incident on the polarizer 6 can be adjusted to provide a gray-scale display. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the phase difference caused by the liquid crystal layer 5 is 1 / At the 2 wavelength condition, the circularly polarized light from the Λ / 4 wave plate 10 gradually becomes linearly polarized light, and is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6 at one and a half thickness of the liquid crystal layer 5, and then passes through the liquid crystal layer when it is completely transmitted It becomes a circularly polarized light at 5 o'clock. Since the circularly polarized light from the liquid crystal layer 5 passes through the A / # wave plate 7 and gradually becomes a linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, it enters the polarizer 6 Most of the light on it passes through. In this case, the amount of light passing through the polarizer 6 is the maximum. As described above, when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, black display can be obtained in the reflective electrode region 3 and the transmissive electrode 8, because there is no birefringence of the liquid crystal layer 5. When a voltage is applied across the liquid crystal layer 5 to control the voltage r value, the amount of light passing through the LCD device can be adjusted, and thus a grayscale display is obtained. Figure 9 reveals the spectral reflectance characteristics of the transmissive and reflective LCD devices in the second example. It is obtained at the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer (1 = 3.56 microns and the phase difference dAN of the liquid crystal layer dAN = 0.2752, and the light is perpendicular at this time). Ground incidence and reception. In Figure 9, the spectral reflectance in the reflective electrode area is the same as that in Figure 4. In Figure 9, when the light is incident and received vertically, the spectral reflectance to air is 100.- 41-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 482917

As shown in FIG. 9, a sufficient contrast is obtained in a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nanometers between a black display π when no voltage is applied and a white display with 5 volts applied. 0 When a voltage of 5 volts is applied It can obtain a reflectivity of about 30%, which is about 80% of the transmittance of the polarizer 6. This high light use factor is suitable for a transmissive and reflective LCD device. Figure 10 reveals the spectral reflectance characteristics of the transmissive and reflective L c D device in the second example, which is obtained when the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer is d = 4.5 microns and the phase difference of the liquid crystal layer (1ΔN = 0.3749. At this time, the light It is vertically incident and receiving. As shown in FIG. 10, a sufficient contrast is obtained in a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nanometers between a black display when no voltage is applied and a white display with 5 volts applied. When a voltage of 5 volts is applied, a reflectance of about 40% can be obtained. Figure 1 1 reveals that when light is incident and received in a vertical direction at a wavelength of 550 nm, the first example is the cell gap between a reflective and LCD device. The relationship between light and dark ratio. The light and dark ratio is measured by applying a voltage, and the retardation value (phase difference) caused by the liquid crystal layer (1ΔN takes this voltage to meet the 1/2 wavelength condition. As shown in Figure 1 1 In the second example, the transmission and reflection type L c D device maintains a brightness ratio of more than 800 in the transmission electrode area (as a transmissive LCD device), and maintains a brightness ratio of more than 500 in the reflection electrode (as a Reflective LCD device) without regard to Cell gap of the liquid crystal layer. According to this, when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, the display can be provided without reducing the light-dark ratio, as long as the phase difference dZ \ N can meet the 1/2 wavelength condition. Cell gap d -42- This paper Standards are applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (21 × 297 male I)

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Can be set arbitrarily. Figure 12: The relationship between the angle of the retarded axis of the I / 4 wave plate and the light-dark ratio. When the retarded axis is inclined at a 45 degree angle relative to the transmission axis of the polarizer, the comparison of the quarter wave plate The retard axis angle is set to zero. When the angle difference of the slower axis is within 3 degrees, a brightness ratio of more than 50 can be obtained in the transmissive electrode area (when the LCD device is a transmissive [CD device) and the reflective electrode area (when the LCD device As a reflective LCD device), a transmissive and reflective LC d device with satisfactory display characteristics is provided. According to this, an LCD device can be used as a transmissive device, so that when the ambient light becomes dark, it can be displayed by the light being transmitted by the light through the transmission electrode 8 and used as a reflective L cd device. In order to facilitate the display of ambient light when the ambient light becomes bright, it can be displayed by the sorrow light reflected by the reflective electrode 3 made of a material with a higher light reflectivity. In addition, the L c D device can utilize backlight and ambient light. When the ambient light is bright, the backlight does not need to be used. Therefore, it can reduce power consumption compared to the conventional transmissive LCD device; when the ambient light is dim, the backlight can be used. Therefore, the problem that the conventional reflective L c D device cannot obtain sufficient display is overcome. In the second example, an LCD device using a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer can cause the retardation caused by the liquid crystal layer to be substantially zero when no voltage is applied, and the black darkness in the transmission mode and the reflection mode under normal black display conditions. Get it and improve contrast. (Example 3) -43- This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21 × 297 mm) A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (41) An LCD device in the third example of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. 3 In other words, components that are the same as those in the first and second examples use the same reference numbers, and detailed descriptions thereof will not be repeated. The LCD device in the third example includes a λ / 4 wave plate 10 disposed between the substrate 2 and the polarizer 9 and a phase compensation element 12, and also includes a λ / 4 disposed between the substrate polarizer 6 The wave plate 7 and a phase compensation element 1 ^. The positions of the λ / 4 wave plate 10 and the phase compensation element 1 and 2; and the positions of the 1/4 wave plate 7 and the phase compensation element 11 can be interchanged respectively. When a typical voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the liquid crystal layer in the liquid crystal layer 5 exhibits a negative dielectric anisotropy. The liquid crystal molecules arrange the surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2 in the vertical direction. Therefore, the liquid crystal layer 5 is resistant to incident on the LCD. The refractive index anisotropy of the light on the device is approximately zero. However, when the LCD device is a reflective LCD device, light incident in other directions and light incident in a vertical direction are used for display. When light incident on the liquid crystal layer 5 obliquely is used for display, including ambient light, the display will be affected by the refractive index anisotropy. The viewing angle does not need to be perpendicular to the surface of the substrate. When the viewing angle deviates from the vertical direction of the substrate surface, the display is more susceptible to the anisotropy of the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 5 and thus reduces the light-dark ratio. In this example, a phase compensation element i ii 2 for compensating the influence of the anisotropy of the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules is provided to prevent the contrast from decreasing depending on the incident angle of the light and the viewing direction. When the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules is slightly inclined in relation to the vertical direction of the substrate surface, which causes a voltage to be applied across the liquid crystal layer 5 arranged vertically, the liquid crystal molecules are in accordance with -44-this paper size applies to Chinese national standards &lt; CNS) A4 specifications ( 210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 B7

In a certain-universal tilt condition τ ′, a small refractive index anisotropy will be generated in the vertical direction of the substrate even when a voltage is applied. The phase compensation element is also used to compensate the refractive index anisotropy and further improve the contrast in the vertical direction of the substrate. ϋ In the example, the / 4 wave plate and the phase compensation element are described separately, but when the I / 4 wave plate and the phase compensation element are on the same layer, the same effect can still be obtained. In this example, two phase compensation elements u, 12 are provided, but only one phase compensation element 11 is satisfactory. In the third example, it illustrates a transmissive and reflective LCD device. In the reflective LCD device of the first example (see FIG. 1), a phase compensation element may be provided between the polarizer 6 and the reflective electrode 3 to facilitate Compensating the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer 5 thus prevents a decrease in contrast. In the first to third examples, which illustrate black and white displays, color displays can also be obtained by providing color filters / reflectors on appropriate areas of the reflective electrode area and the transmissive electrode area.

δ —Polarized polarization dopants added to the first to third example Lcd devices exhibit negative #electric rate anisotropic liquid crystal materials in the vertical alignment liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal molecules rotate when a voltage is applied, so The rotation of the liquid crystal molecules is stable when a voltage is applied. When the liquid crystal layers are aligned and have a 90-degree distortion, those with black display and few optical leakage can be obtained for the following reasons. When the liquid crystal molecules are aligned and related to the substrate surface tilting several degrees in the vertical direction to prevent tilting when a voltage is applied, the 'blocking occurs in the tilting direction of the liquid crystal molecules. However, due to the top, -45- this paper standard photo paper gg home standard (CNS) M secret (x Norwegian public treasure) A7 _________ ___B7 V. Description of the invention (3 '' --- liquid crystal in the area near the bottom substrate, The meaning of T is 90 degrees, and the retardation is offset, so the black display generated has very little optical leakage. The first to-the use of LCD devices in the example-is made of anisotropic materials with negative electrical conductivity ( The liquid crystal layer is arranged vertically, and the same effect can be obtained when the liquid crystal layer is processed so that the liquid crystal molecules are aligned horizontally on the surface of the substrate. In this case, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned horizontally on the surface. When a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are inclined to the vertical direction of the substrate. Accordingly, white display can be performed when no voltage is applied, and black display can be performed when a voltage is applied. In the black display of the horizontally aligned liquid crystal layer The remaining retardation is larger than the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal layer caused by the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the substrate. For a more complete black display, a phase compensation element can be used. In the vertical direction of the liquid crystal molecules Almost arranged in the case of the substrate and the retardation value α is still in the reflection mode, a phase compensation element can be replaced by a retardation value of λ / 4-α; I / 4 wave plate 7 (as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3). In the reflection mode, the elliptical polarized light that diverges from the circularly polarized light with the remaining retardation value of the liquid crystal layer is incident on the liquid crystal layer. The sugar circularly polarized light reaches the reflective electrode area after passing through the liquid crystal layer and gradually becomes circular. Due to the reflection, the shape of the polarized light gradually turns into a circularly polarized light with a reversed direction. When passing through and leaving the parametric layer, the light gradually becomes an oval polarized light, and the flag is divided into circular polarized light, 纟 i At this time, the elliptical polarized light is 90 degrees away from the incident light. When passing through the phase compensation element, the elliptical polarized light gradually becomes linearly polarized light and is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6. -46-This paper The scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard &lt; CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 _B7 V. Description of the invention (44) It can be understood that even when the vertical retardation of the remaining liquid crystal layer is not negligible The high contrast display can still be obtained in reflection mode by providing a phase compensation element to take into account the retardation. An LCD device shown in Fig. 2 including a horizontally aligned liquid crystal layer 5 will be explained. Liquid crystal layer 5 series Made of materials from Merck &amp; Co., Inc. and having Ne = 1.5328, No = 1.4722, and ANsO.0606, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 5 in the transmission region is approximately 5.2 microns. Provided on substrates 1, 2 The alignment layers above are processed by rubbing in a direction perpendicular to the gate line (or source line). The substrates 1 and 2 are merged so that the alignment layers of the substrates 1 and 2 are opposed to each other (anti-parallel). When no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 5 is aligned parallel to the surface of the substrates 1 and 2 and perpendicular to the gate line; when a voltage is applied, the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules is on the substrate The vertical direction of the surfaces 1 and 2 is inclined, and is approximately perpendicular to the gate line. In this example, the axes of the polarizers 6, 9 and the phase compensation elements 7, 10 are set to a voltage of about .6 volts applied to the liquid crystal layer 5 for white display, and applied to the liquid crystal layer 5 for black display. The voltage is about 5.3 volts. The transmission axis of the polarizer 6 is set to be related to the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules and is 45 degrees in the clockwise direction. The slower axis of the phase compensation element 7 is related to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6 and is 4 in the clockwise direction. 5 degrees, in other words, the slower axis of the phase compensation element 7 is set to be 90 degrees in the clockwise direction relative to the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules. When considering the blocking caused by the liquid crystal layer 5 in the black display reflection area, two types of phase compensation files having a retardation value of about 105 nm and a retardation value of about 95 nm can be used. This retardation value is different from λ / 4 condition (approximately 137.5 nanometers), borrowed -47- This paper standard is applicable @ g * standard (CNS) Μ specifications (⑽χ tear public love) 482917 A7 _____ B7_— One, five, the description of the invention (45) Using a phase compensation element with a λ / 4-α retardation value, a satisfactory contrast can be obtained in the reflection area. The retarded axis of the phase compensation element 10 and the transmission axis of the polarizer 9 are set in consideration of the retardation caused by the liquid crystal layer 5 in the black display transmission region. First, for a transmissive and reflective LCD device, the orientation of the polarizer 6 and the slower retardation of the phase compensation element 7 are determined in relation to the reflection area; then, the retardation and slower orientation of the polarizer 6 are related to The retardation and retardation axis of the phase compensation element 丨 0 and the orientation of the polarizer 9 are determined in relation to the transmission area. When the light is incident on the display surface and when the light is incident from the backlight, the polarization changes of the light passing through the layers in the transmission area are all equal. The following description is related to the light incident on the display surface for clarity. In the black state, the linearly polarized light incident on the liquid crystal layer 5 and passing through the polarizer 6 leaves the liquid crystal layer 5 as an elliptical polarized light. It is related to the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules and has a length of 45 degrees clockwise. Or a shorter axis. Elliptical polarized light can be converted into linearly polarized light by providing a phase compensation element. It is made of a λ / 4 wave plate with a retardation value of about 140 nanometers set on its slower axis, and the direction of the slower axis is the same as the exit The longer axis of the elliptical polarized light of the liquid crystal layer 5, that is, the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules is 45 degrees clockwise, and then the polarizer 9 is positioned so that its transmission axis is perpendicular to the polarized light of the linearly polarized light leaving the phase compensation element 10. Axis. The polarization axis angle of the linearly polarized light rays leaving the phase compensation element 10 is determined by the polarization state of the elliptical polarized light rays incident on the phase compensation element 10. In this example, when the retardation value of the phase compensation element 7 is about 10 5 In the case of nanometers, the polarization axis of the linearly polarized light rays leaving the phase compensation element 10 is about 10 degrees clockwise with respect to the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules. According to this, the paper size of -48- applies to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 _____B7 __ V. Description of the invention (46) The transmission axis of the polarizer 9 is related to the liquid crystal molecules When the molecular axis is 10 degrees clockwise, a satisfactory black display can be obtained through the area. When the retardation value of the phase compensation element 7 is about 95 nanometers, the polarization axis of the linearly polarized light rays leaving the phase compensation element 10 is a molecular axis related to the liquid crystal molecules which is 97 degrees clockwise. According to this, by setting the transmission axis of the polarizer 9 to be about 7 degrees clockwise with respect to the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules, a satisfactory black display can be obtained in the transmission region. An LCD device shown in Fig. 3 including a horizontally aligned liquid crystal layer 5 will be described. The liquid crystal layer 5 is made of a material obtained from Merck & Co., Inc., and has Ne = 1.5328, No = 1.472, and ^ 1 ^ = 0.0606. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 5 is about 5.2 microns. The alignment layer is positioned anti-parallel, and the axes of the polarizers 6, 9 and the phase compensation element are set to a voltage of about 1 applied to the liquid crystal layer 5 for white display. 8 volts, and the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 5 for black display is about 5.3 volts. The transmission axis of the polarizer 6 is set to be about 15 ° clockwise with respect to the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules. The phase compensation element 1 1 is made of a λ / 2 wave plate having a retardation value of about no nanometer, and the phase compensation element 1 Position it so that its slower axis is about 30 degrees clockwise relative to the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules. In addition, the phase compensation element 7 is positioned so that its relatively slower axis is about 90 degrees clockwise with respect to the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules. The order of positioning is the polarizer 6, the phase compensation element 11, and the phase compensation element 7. Considering the retardation caused by the liquid crystal layer 5 in the reflection area in the black display, two types of phase compensation elements with retardation values of about 105 and 95 nm can be used. This retardation value is different from the λ / 4 condition (about -49 -This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm) 482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (47) 137.5 nm) By using a phase compensation element with λ / 4-α retardation value , A satisfactory contrast can be achieved in the reflection zone. The retardation axis of the phase compensation elements 10 and 12 and the transmission axis of the polarizer 9 are set in consideration of the retardation caused by the liquid crystal layer 5 in the transmission region in the black display. The order of positioning is the phase compensation element 10, phase The compensation element 12 and the polarizer 9 are incident on the liquid crystal layer 5 in the black state and the linearly polarized light passing through the polarizer 6 leaves the liquid crystal layer 5 to become an elliptical polarized light, and is incident on the liquid crystal layer 5 and passes through the black state. The linearly polarized light of the polarizer 6 leaves the liquid crystal layer 5 with an elliptical polarized light, which is related to the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules and has a longer or shorter axis clockwise 45 degrees. Elliptical polarized light can be converted into linearly polarized light by providing a phase compensation element 10 made of a λ / 4 wave plate with a retardation value of about 140 nanometers set on its slower axis, and the direction of the slower axis is the same as the exit The longer axis of the elliptical polarized light of the liquid crystal layer 5, that is, the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules is clockwise 45 degrees. Then, a phase compensation element 12 made of a λ / 2 wave plate with a retardation value of about 270 nm is positioned so that its retardation axis is about 114 degrees clockwise with respect to the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules. The polarizer 9 is then positioned so that its transmission axis is perpendicular to the polarization axis of the linearly polarized light leaving the phase compensation element 12. The polarization axis angle of the linearly polarized light leaving the phase compensation element 12 depends on the polarization state of the elliptical polarized light incident on the phase compensation element 10. In this example, when the retardation value of the phase compensation element 7 is about 10 At 5 nanometers, the polarization axis of the linearly polarized light leaving the phase compensation element 10 is about 度 0 ° clockwise relative to the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules. Departure phase -50- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public attack) 482917 A7 ______ B7_ V. Description of the invention (48) The polarization axis of the linearly polarized light of the compensation element 12 is related to the liquid crystal The molecular axis of the molecules is approximately 128 degrees clockwise. According to this, by setting the transmission axis of the polarizer 9 to be 38 ° clockwise with respect to the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules, a satisfactory value can be obtained in the transmission region. Displayed in black. When the retardation value of the phase compensation element 7 is about 95 nm, the polarization axis of the linearly polarized light leaving the phase compensation element is about 97 degrees clockwise with respect to the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules. The polarization axis of the linearly polarized light leaving the phase compensation element 12 is related to the molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules and is about 12 $ degrees clockwise. Accordingly, by setting the transmission axis of the polarizer 9 as the molecule related to the liquid crystal molecules The axis is about 35 degrees clockwise, and a satisfactory black display can be obtained in the transmission area. In the case where the liquid crystal layer has a residual retardation value α in a reflection mode and a residual retardation value in a transmission mode, a phase compensation element having a retardation value of λ / 4-α can be used instead of the λ / 4 wave plate 7, and A phase compensation element having a λ / 4- (/ 3-α) retardation value can replace the λ / 4 wave plate 10. In a transmission mode that uses light to pass through a region having a transmission function, such as a region that passes through an electrode, when the liquid crystal molecules are aligned on the substrate in the vertical direction, a phase compensation element with a retardation of λ / 4-(/ 3-α) That is, the light leaving the liquid crystal layer is set to be oval polarized light, as in the reflection mode. The elliptical polarized light with this phase difference is incident on a phase compensation element having a retardation value of ^ / 4-α. Therefore, when passing through a phase compensation element having a retardation value of t / 4-α, the light gradually Straight polarized light is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, and a black display with extremely small light leakage can be obtained accordingly. It can be understood that, even when the remaining retardation value in the liquid crystal layer is aligned vertically -51-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 χ 297 mm)

No: The display of ‘high contrast’ when it ’s slightly inconsistent can still be obtained in reflection mode by providing the -relative phase compensation # file to consider blocking. (Example 4) The t_LCD device in the fourth example of this month will be explained with reference to FIG. 2 below, and the same reference numbers are used for the parts in the first example. A substrate 22 includes a reflective electrode 3 (shown in the reflective and polar regions of FIG. 2), which is made of a material with w reflectivity, such as Ming or Hu, and a transmissive electrode 8 (see FIG. 2) (As shown in the transmissive electrode area), is made of a high transmittance material, such as ITO. The substrate 1 includes a counter electrode 4 (shown as the transmissive electrode in FIG. 2), a liquid crystal layer 5 made of a liquid crystal material exhibiting anisotropy of a negative electrical conductivity is provided on the reflective electrode 3 / the transmissive electrode 8 and the counter electrode 4 between. The alignment layer (not shown) is provided on the surface of the reflective electrode 3 / transmissive electrode 8 and the counter electrode 4 in contact with the liquid crystal layer 5. The alignment layer is used to align liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 5 (not shown). So as to be perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 丨, 2. After the arrangement layer is provided, at least one of the arrangement layers is subjected to an arrangement treatment, for example, using friction. Arrangement direction can be defined by optical element or electrode shape instead of friction. Due to the alignment treatment, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 5 are related to the vertical direction and have an inclination angle of about 0.01 to 5 degrees with respect to the surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2. The reflective electrode 3 is used to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 5, but the reflective electrode 3 can only be used as a reflective plate, not as an electrode for applying a voltage. In this case, 'for example, the transmission electrode 8 may be extended to the reflection electrode 3 as an electrode to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 5 in the reflection region. The liquid crystal material used here has a refractive index anisotropy Ne (corresponding to iso-52- this paper size applies to China_Home Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention Refractive index) = 1.5546 and No (refractive index related to ordinary light) = 1.4773. One wave / 7 wave plate 7 is provided on the surface of the substrate 1 and is opposed to the counter electrode 4. — The λ / 4 wave plate 10 is provided on the surface of the substrate 2 and is opposite to the reflection electrode 3 and the transmission electrode 8. One of the slower axes of the λ / 4 wave plate 10 is set to be perpendicular to; the slower axis of the 1/4 wave plate 7 is set. A polarizer 6 is disposed on one surface of the λ / 4 wave plate 7 and is opposite to the substrate 1, a polarizer 9 is disposed on one surface of the / 4 wave plate 10 and is opposite to the substrate 2, a polarizer One of the transmission axes of 6 is set to be relative to the λ / 4 wave plate 7, and is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees, and one of the transmission axes of the polarizer 9 is set to be related to the λ / 4 wave plate 1 0. Slow the axis and tilt it at an angle of 45 degrees. The longer retardation axes of the long / 4 wave plates 7 and 10 are perpendicular to each other, and the transmission axes of the polarizers 6 and 9 are perpendicular to each other. Therefore, when the retardation axis of the phase compensation element 7 is related to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, At +45 degrees, the relatively retarded axis of the phase compensation element 10 is related to the angle on the transmission axis of the polarizer 9 is + 45 degrees; when the relatively retarded axis of the phase compensation element 7 is related to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6 When the angle is -45 degrees, the angle of the retarded axis of the phase compensation element 10 relative to the transmission axis of the polarizer 9 is also -45 degrees. FIG. 8A is a plan view of an active array substrate (substrate 2) in the fourth example, and FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of the active degraded substrate taken along line 8B-8B * in FIG. 8A. As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the active array substrate includes a gate line 21, a data line 22, a driving element 23, a drain 24, a storage capacitor electrode 25, a gate insulation layer 26, a Insulating substrate 2 7, a contact hole 2 8, an interlayer insulating layer 29, a reflective pixel electrode (reflective electrode area) 30 (corresponding to the reflection in Figure 2-53- This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 Specifications (210X 297 mm)

482917 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (51) Electrode 3) and a transmissive pixel electrode (transmissive electrode area) 3 (corresponding to the transmissive electrode 8 in FIG. 2). The storage capacitor electrode 2 5 is energized to the drain electrode 2 4 and is superposed on the gate wire 2 丨 so that the gate insulating layer 2 6 is disposed therebetween. Therefore, the storage capacitor electrode 2 5, the insulating layer 2 6, and the gate wire 2 1 Forms a storage capacitor. The contact hole 28 is provided in the interlayer insulating layer 29 and is used to connect the transmission pixel electrode 31 and the storage capacitor electrode 25. The active matrix substrate includes a reflective pixel electrode 30 for reflecting external light, and a transmissive pixel electrode 31 for allowing light from the backlight to pass through in a certain pixel region. In Fig. 8B, the 'reflection electrode 30 has a flat surface, but may also have a wave-shaped surface to improve the reflectance. In this example, a pixel electrode includes a reflective pixel electrode 30 and a transmissive pixel electrode 31. In addition, semi-transmissive and semi-reflective electrodes can also be used. Please refer to FIGS. 14A, 14B, 15A ′ 15B, which will explain the light transmittance and reflectance in the transmission and reflection modes of the LCD device in the fourth example. Figs. 14A and 14B show reflection modes using reflective electrodes, Fig. 14A shows a black display when no voltage is applied across the vertically aligned liquid crystal layers, and Fig. 14B shows a white display when a voltage is applied across the vertically aligned liquid crystal layers. 15A and 15B show a transmission mode using a transmissive electrode, FIG. 15A shows a black display when no voltage is applied across the vertically aligned liquid crystal layer, and FIG. 15B shows a white display when a voltage is applied across the vertically aligned liquid crystal layer. Referring to Figure 1 4A, the black display in the reflection mode will explain it. The light incident on the polarizer 6 is linearly polarized by passing through the polarizer 6 -54 · This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ~ ^

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482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (52) The light rays are parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, and then incident on the λ / 4 wave plate 7. The λ / 4 wave plate 7 is arranged so that the transmission axis of the polarizer 6 is at a 45 degree angle with the slower axis of the λ / 4 wave plate 7. Therefore, the light passing through the λ / 4 wave plate 7 gradually becomes circularly polarized light. . When no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the liquid crystal molecules with negative anisotropy of anisotropy used in the liquid crystal layer 5 are approximately perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 丨, 2. According to this, the The refractive index anisotropy is extremely small. In other words, the phase difference caused by the transmission of light through the liquid crystal layer 5 is substantially zero. Accordingly, the circularly polarized light from the λ / 4 wave plate 7 passes through the liquid crystal layer 5 and is almost circularly polarized, and is reflected by the reflective electrode 3 in the substrate 2. The circularly polarized light reflected by the reflective electrode 3 gradually becomes a circularly polarized light with an opposite direction, and passes through the / 4 wave plate 7 to become a linearly polarized light and is incident on the Λ / 4 wave perpendicular to the polarizer 6 Light on board 7. The linearly polarized light from the λ / 4 wave plate 7 is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, and this light is absorbed by the polarizer 6 without being transmitted. In this case, black display is enabled. Referring to FIG. 14B, the white display in the reflection mode will be explained as follows. The process until the light passes through the λ / 4 wave plate 7 and becomes circularly polarized light is the same as the above, so it will not be described in detail. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the liquid crystal molecules are inclined horizontally in relation to the surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2, and accordingly, the circularly polarized light rays incident on the liquid crystal layer 5 from the wave plate 7 Elliptical polarized light from the birefringence of liquid crystal molecules. The light is then reflected by the reflective electrode 3, and passes through the λ / 4 wave plate -55- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm>

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482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (53) After 7, the light does not become a linearly polarized light line perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6. Therefore, light passes through the polarizer 6. By controlling the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the amount of light that passes through the polarizer 6 after being reflected by the reflective electrode 3 can be adjusted, and therefore, a gray scale display can be provided. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5 from the reflective electrode 3 and the counter electrode 4 to change the direction of the liquid crystal molecules, so that the phase difference caused by the liquid crystal layer 5 satisfies the 1/4 wavelength condition, when light passes through the liquid crystal layer 5 and reaches The circularly polarized light from the λ / 4 wave plate 7 at the time of the reflective electrode 3 becomes linearly polarized light, and is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6. The light passes through the liquid crystal layer 5 again into circularly polarized light and then passes through the λ / 4 wave plate 7 to become linearly polarized light, and is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6. In this case, the amount of light transmitted through the polarizer 6 Is the maximum. Figure 1 4B reveals the situation with the liquid crystal layer retarding condition. One of the maximum amount of light reflected by the reflective electrode 3 is transmitted through the polarizer 6. In other words, the light on the reflective electrode 3 is linearly polarized light and is perpendicular to The transmission axis of the polarizer 6 is as described above. When no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, black display is obtained because the liquid crystal layer 5 is substantially birefringent; and when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, it can be obtained based on The voltage changes the light transmittance to obtain a grayscale display. Referring to FIG. 15A, the black display in the transmission mode will be explained as follows. The light emitted from a light source (not shown) is incident on the polarizer 9 and becomes a linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer 9. The λ / 4 wave plate 10 is arranged so that its slower optical axis is inclined at a 45-degree angle in relation to the transmission axis of the polarizer 9. Therefore, the transmission through the λ / 4 wave plate -56- (CNS) Α Grid (21G X 297 mm) '482917 A7 ______B7 7. Description of the invention (54 ~ ^ 1 0 The light gradually becomes circularly polarized light. When no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, it is used for liquid crystal The liquid crystal molecules with negative anisotropy anisotropy in layer 5 are approximately perpendicular to the surfaces of substrates 1 and 2. According to this, the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer 5 with respect to incident light is extremely small. In other words, by The phase difference caused by the light passing through the liquid crystal layer 5 is approximately zero. Accordingly, the circularly polarized light from the λ / 4 wave plate 10 passes through the liquid crystal layer 5 while maintaining the circularly polarized light and incident on the λ / 4 wave plate. 7. The slower axis of the λ / 4 wave plate 10 and the slower axis of the λ / 4 wave plate 7 are parallel to each other. Therefore, the circularly polarized light on the 1/4 wave plate 7 becomes linearly polarized light. And is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 9 and incident on the polarizer 6. The linearly polarized light rays from the λ / 4 wave plate 7 are vertical The transmission axis of the polarizer 6 is absorbed by the polarizer 6 but not transmitted. In this case, the black display is pending. Referring to FIG. 15B, the white display in the transmission mode will be described below. Until the light passes through; L / The process up to 4 wave plate 10 is the same as that shown in Figure 15A, so it will not be repeated. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the surface of the liquid crystal molecules related to the substrates 1 and 2 is inclined horizontally. According to this, the circularly polarized light incident from the 1/4 wave plate 10 on the liquid crystal layer 5 is elliptically polarized by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. After passing through the 1/4 wave plate 7, the light It does not become a linearly polarized light perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6. Therefore, the light passes through the polarizer 6 and the voltage applied to the polarizer 6 is controlled by controlling the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 5. The paper size is common in China. Standard &lt; CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 B7 Invention description (55) The line size can be adjusted to provide grayscale display. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5 so that the phase difference caused by the liquid crystal layer 5 satisfies the 1/2 wavelength condition, the circularly polarized light from the λ / 4 wave plate 10 gradually becomes linearly polarized light, and in the liquid crystal layer 5 One and a half thicknesses are perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, and then gradually become circularly polarized light when it is completely transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 5. Since the circularly polarized light from the liquid crystal layer 5 passes through; when the quarter-wave plate 7 gradually becomes a linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, most of the light incident on the polarizer 6 is transmitted. by. In this case, the amount of light passing through the polarizer 6 is the maximum. FIG. 15B shows a phantom shape with a liquid crystal layer blocking condition. One of the maximum light rays transmitted through the polarizer 9 is transmitted through the polarizer 6. As described above, when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, a black display can be obtained; and when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, a gray scale display can be obtained by changing the light transmittance according to the voltage. Figure 16 reveals that in the fourth example, when the slower axes of the L / 4 wave plates 7, 10 are perpendicular to each other, and when the slower axes of the λ / 4 wave plates 7, 10 are parallel to each other, the light transmittance and The relationship between wavelengths for comparison. In the fourth example, because the slower drawing lines of ί / 4 wave plate 7, 10 are perpendicular to each other, the wavelength dependence of the refractive index anisotropy of one phase compensation element is refracted by another phase compensation element The wavelength dependence of the exponential anisotropy is offset by 'so one of the aforementioned phase differences is satisfied in the whole region of 4Q0 to the wavelength of the nanometer (visible light), in order to improve the darkness of the black display. The maximum reflectance of the bright color display in the reflection mode is caused by the liquid crystal layer 5 -58-This paper size is applicable to the standard of the G &lt; CNS) &amp; 4 specifications (21 () x Norwegian public love) ~ a ' -----

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482917 V. Description of the invention (56 A7 B7

The parallax is human / 4, and the phase difference caused by the night crystal layer 5 when the maximum reflectance of the bright color display in the transmission mode is; I / 2. It can be seen that when the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflection region and the transmission region When the thicknesses of the liquid crystal layers are equal, the phase difference between λ / 4 for reflection mode and λ / 4 for transmission mode cannot be achieved at the same time. In the case where the display is by changing the phase difference of the liquid crystal layer in the reflection region from 0 to λ / 4, a satisfactory light use factor cannot be obtained in the transmission mode, because the phase difference of the liquid crystal layer in the transmission region is only 〇to long / 4. Satisfactory light usage factors in reflection mode and transmission mode can be obtained by changing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflection area to the thickness in the transmission area, or by applying different voltages to the liquid crystal layer in the reflection area and Obtained through the liquid crystal layer in the zone. In the case where the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the transmission region is twice the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflection region, the retardation of λ / 4 for the reflection mode and the liquid crystal layer for the transmission mode / 2 can be achieved simultaneously. The thickness used in the transmission mode need not be twice the thickness used in the reflection mode. The light usage factor can be increased by making the thickness used in the transmission mode greater than the thickness used in the reflection mode. 7 The refractive index of birefringent materials constituting λ / 4 wave plates 7, 10 is related to the refractive index of ordinary light and abnormal light, which strongly depends on the wavelength. Therefore, the phase delay accumulated in a specific thickness &lt; Wavelength. Only when the incident light has a single specific wavelength, the phase retardation of λ / 4 can be completely applied to the linearly polarized light plane of the incident light. According to this, in a region where phase retardation is not obtained because of the wavelength of the refractive index anisotropy of the birefringent materials constituting the λ / 4 wave plates 7, 10, _ part of the light passes through the polarizer and does not help. The polarizer 6 absorbs, and as a result, the darkness of the black display changes. In the fourth fe example, the retarded axes of the Λ / 4 wave plate 7, i Q are set to each other -59-

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) V. Description of the invention (57 vertical, and the transmission axes of the polarizers 6, 9 are set to be perpendicular to each other. Due to this structure, in the transmission mode, the wavelength dependence of the refractive index anisotropy of the I / 4 wave plate 10 The relationship is offset by the wavelength dependence of the refractive index anisotropy of the I / 4 wave plate 7. Therefore, the λ / 4 condition is satisfied in the full range of 400 to 700 nanometers in order to improve the darkness of the black display. When When another phase compensation element is provided between at least one of the polarizer 6 and the liquid crystal layer 5 and between the polarizer 9 and the liquid crystal layer 5, satisfactory display can be obtained in a wide viewing angle. In the fourth example In the case where the liquid crystal layer 5 is aligned in a vertical direction, and the liquid crystal molecules near the substrate have a specific tilt angle in relation to the vertical direction of the substrate, the retardation value is not all zero when no voltage is applied. By providing a The phase compensation element replaces the λ / 4 wave plate 7 to compensate for retardation, so that a better black display can be obtained. In the reflection mode, the liquid crystal layer has a residual retardation value α, and a phase compensation having a retardation value of λ / 4-α Components can be lifted To replace the / 4 wave plate 7. In the reflection mode, the elliptical polarized light that is divergent from the circular polarized light by the remaining retardation of the liquid crystal layer is incident on the liquid crystal layer, and the elliptical polarized light is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer. When it reaches the reflective electrode, it gradually becomes circularly polarized light. Due to the reflection, the light gradually becomes a circularly polarized light with the opposite direction. When passing through and leaving the liquid crystal layer, the light changes from circularly polarized light to oval. Polarized light, elliptical polarized light has a phase that is 90 degrees away from the incident time at this point. When passing through the phase compensation element, the elliptical polarized light gradually becomes linearly polarized light and is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6. -60- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 __ B7 V. Description of the invention (5 ~) ~ &quot; --- During the display of the main reflection mode, for example When the reflective pixel electrode is larger than the transmissive pixel electrode, the λ / 4 wave plate M used for the display in the transmission mode can be retained. It can be solved even when vertically aligned in the liquid crystal layer. Residual retardation is not negligible. High-contrast displays can still be obtained in reflection mode by providing a phase compensation element to consider the retardation. The liquid crystal layer has a residual retardation value α in the reflection mode and a transmission mode. In the case where there is no residual retardation value, a phase compensation element having a retardation value of λ / 4 · α can be used instead of the λ / 4 wave plate 7, and a phase compensation element having a retardation value of λ / 4_ (θ · α) Can replace the λ / 4 wave plate. In the transmission mode that uses light to pass through a region with a transmission function, such as the electrode region, when the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the vertical direction on the substrate, a -α) The phase compensation element of the retardation value is set so that the light leaving the liquid crystal layer is an elliptical polarized light, as in the state in the reflection mode. The elliptical polarized light having this phase difference is incident on a phase compensation element having a retardation value of ~ λ / 4-α. Therefore, when passing through a phase compensation element having a retardation value of λ / 4-α, the light gradually becomes The linearly polarized light is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, thereby obtaining a black display with extremely small light leakage. It can be understood that even when the remaining retardation value in the vertically aligned liquid crystal layer cannot be ignored, the contrast display can still be obtained in the reflection mode by providing a phase compensation element to consider the retardation. The LCD device in the fourth example uses a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer, but a horizontally aligned liquid crystal layer can be used to achieve display according to the same principle. Here -61-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification ( 210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (59) In the case of '59, when a higher voltage is applied, the retardation caused by the liquid crystal layer is reduced. However, when a voltage is applied, most of the liquid crystal molecules are perpendicular to the substrate except the vicinity of the substrate. The liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the substrate will be difficult to move due to the electric field. Based on this, the remaining retardation is caused by the base. This occurs due to liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the material. It can be understood that when a horizontally aligned liquid crystal layer is used, optical leakage occurs during a black display period, and the contrast can be reduced due to the effect of residual retardation compared to when a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer is used. In order to obtain the same black display quality as the horizontally aligned liquid crystal layer with the horizontally aligned liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the substrate need to be aligned to interact with the remaining retardation caused by the liquid crystal molecules, or a phase compensation element must be provided. . (Example 5) An LCD device in a fifth example of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. 17 as follows. A substrate 2 includes a reflective electrode 3 (shown in the reflective electrode region of FIG. 17), which is made of a material having a high reflectivity, such as aluminum or osmium, and a transmissive electrode 8 (such as the transmissive electrode of FIG. 17). Area), made of a high-transmittance material, such as ITO. A substrate 1 includes a counter electrode 4 (shown as a transmissive electrode in FIG. 17). A liquid crystal layer 5 made of a liquid crystal material exhibiting anisotropy of a negative electrical conductivity is provided on the reflective electrode 3 / transmitting electrode 8 and the counter electrode. Between 4. The alignment layer (not shown) is provided on the surface of the reflective electrode 3 / transmissive electrode 8 and the counter electrode 4 which are in contact with the liquid crystal layer 5. The alignment layer is used to align liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 5 (not shown). So as to be perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 丨, 2. After the arrangement layer is provided, at least one of the arrangement layers is subjected to an arrangement treatment, for example, using friction. The alignment direction can be defined by the shape of the optical element or the electrode, instead of a capricorn. -62- This paper size applies to Chinese National Standards &lt; CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)

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• 4 482917 A7 __________B7 V. Description of the invention (60 ~) ~ 1 '-Due to the alignment process, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 5 are related to the vertical direction and the surface of the substrates 1 and 2 is about 〇. 丨 to 5 degrees Of the tilt angle. The reflective electrode 3 is used to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 5, but the reflective electrode 3 can only be used as a reflective plate, not as an electrode for applying a voltage. In this case, for example, the transmissive electrode 8 may be extended to the reflective electrode 3 as an electrode to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 5 in the reflective region. The liquid crystal material used here has a refractive index anisotropy Ne (refractive index related to abnormal light) = 1.5546 and No (refractive index related to ordinary light) = 1.4773. A λ / 4 wave plate 7 is provided on the basis The surface of the material 1 is opposed to the counter electrode 4. A λ / 4 wave plate 10 is provided on the surface of the substrate 2 and is opposite to the reflective electrode 3 and the transmissive electrode 8. One of the slower axes of the / 4 wave plate 10 is set to be perpendicular to the slower axis of the λ / 4 wave plate 7. 1; I / 2 wave plate 1 1 is provided on the surface of I / 4 wave plate 7 and is opposite to the substrate 1, 1; I / 2 wave plate 12 is provided on the surface of I / 4 wave plate 1 0 Relative to the substrate 2, one of the λ / 2 wave plates 1 1 is set to be slower relative to the λ / 4 wave plate 7 and is inclined at 60 degrees, and one of the / 2 wave plates 12 is set to be more vertical than the slow axis. The slower axis of the 1/2 wave plate 1 1. A polarizer 6 is disposed on one surface of the λ / 2 wave plate 11 and is opposed to the substrate 1, and a polarizer 9 is disposed on one surface of the λ / 2 wave plate 12 and is opposed to the substrate 2, a polarizer One of the transmission axes of 6 is set to be related to the slower axis of the / 4 wave plate 7 and is inclined at an angle of 75 degrees, according to this direction to interpose the slower axis of the λ / 2 wave plate 1 1 and related to λ / The two-wave plate l · 1 is set to be inclined at 15 degrees with a slower axis. The transmission axis of one of the polarizers 9 is set to be related to the human / 4 wave plate 1 0 -63- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (61 ) Is slanted by 75 degrees relative to the slower axis, according to this direction, the slower axis of λ / 2 wave plate 12 is set, and related; the slower axis of I / 2 wave plate 12 is set to be 15 degrees . The transmission axis of the polarizer 6 is set to be perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 9. FIG. 8A is a plan view of an active array substrate (substrate 2) in the second example, and FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of the active array substrate taken along lines 8B-8B of FIG. 8A. As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the active array substrate includes a gate line 21, a data line 22, a driving element 23, a pole 24, a storage capacitor electrode 25, a gate insulation layer 26, a Insulating substrate 27, a contact hole 28, an interlayer insulating layer 29, a reflective pixel electrode (reflective electrode region) 30 (corresponding to the reflective electrode 3 in FIG. 17), and a transmissive pixel electrode (transmissive electrode region) ) 31 (corresponding to the transmissive electrode 8 in FIG. 17). The storage valley electrode 25 is energized to the electrode 24, and is superposed on the gate wire 21 so that the gate insulating layer 26 is disposed therebetween. Therefore, the storage capacitor electrode 25, the insulating layer 26, and the gate wire 21 constitute one Storage capacitor. The contact hole 28 is provided in the interlayer insulating layer 29, and is used to connect the transmission pixel electrode 31 and the storage capacitor electrode 25. The active matrix substrate includes a reflective pixel electrode 30 for reflecting external light, and a transmissive pixel electrode 31 for allowing light from the backlight to pass through in a certain pixel region. In Fig. 8B, the reflective electrode 30 has a flat surface, but it may also have a waved surface to improve the reflectivity. In this example, a pixel electrode includes a reflective pixel electrode 30 and a transmissive pixel electrode 31. In addition, semi-transmissive and semi-reflective electrodes can also be used. -64-

482917 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (62 ~) &quot; &quot; Please refer to Fig. 18 A, 1 8 B, 1 8 C, 1 8 D, which will explain the transmission and reflection modes of the LCD device in the fifth example. Light transmittance and reflectance. Figures 18A and 18B show the reflection mode using reflective electrodes, Figure IgA shows the black display when no voltage is applied across the vertically aligned liquid crystal layer, and Figure 18B shows the white display when a voltage: the vertically aligned liquid crystal layer is applied. Figures 18C and 18D reveal the transmission mode using a transmissive electrode, Figure 18C reveals the black display when no voltage is applied across the vertically aligned liquid crystal layer, and Figure 8 shows the white display when a voltage is applied across the vertically aligned liquid crystal layer. . Refer to Figure 18 A. The black display in the reflection mode will illustrate this. The light incident on the polarizer 6 passes through the polarizer 6 to become linearly polarized light, and is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6 and then incident on the ^ / 2 wave plate 1 1. λ / 2 wave plate 1 1 is arranged so that the transmission axis of polarizer 6 and the slower axis of A / 2 wave plate 1 1 are at an angle of 15 degrees, so it passes through; [/ 2 wave plate 1 1 light gradually becomes The linearly polarized light is inclined by 30 degrees in relation to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, and the slower axis of the λ / 2 wave plate 1 1 is interposed in this direction, and then the light is incident on the λ / 4 wave plate 7. The λ / 4 wave plate 7 is arranged so that its slower axis is inclined by 75 degrees in relation to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6. In this direction, the slower axis of the 1/2 wave plate 1 1 is interposed. In other words, the relatively slow axis setting of the λ / 4 wave plate 7 is related to the direction of the linearly polarized light rays from the λ / 2 wave plate 11 at 45 degrees, so the light passing through the λ / 4 wave plate 7 is circularly polarized. Light. When the supply voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the liquid crystal molecules with negative penetrating rate anisotropy used in the liquid crystal layer 5 are approximately perpendicular to the surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2. According to -65- Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 public love) 482917 A7 _ B7 _ V. Description of the invention (63) Therefore, the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer 5 to incident light is extremely small. In other words, the phase difference caused by the transmission of light through the liquid crystal layer 5 is substantially zero. Accordingly, the circularly polarized light from the I / 4 wave plate 7 passes through the liquid crystal layer 5 and is almost circularly polarized, and is reflected by the reflective electrode 3 in the substrate 2. The circularly polarized light reflected by the reflective electrode 3 gradually becomes a circularly polarized light with an opposite direction, and passes through the λ / 4 wave plate 7 to become linearly polarized light. The light is incident perpendicular to the polarizer 6; I / 4 wave The light on the plate 7 is therefore incident on the λ / 2 wave plate 1 1. The linearly polarized light from the λ / 2 wave plate 11 is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, and this light is absorbed by the polarizer 6 without being transmitted. In this case, black display is enabled. Referring to FIG. 18B, the white display in the reflection mode will be explained as follows. The process until the light passes through; the L / 4 wave plate 7 becomes circularly polarized light is the same as the above, so it will not be described in detail. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the liquid crystal molecules are tilted horizontally in relation to the surfaces of the substrates 1, 2. According to this, the circularly polarized light incident from the λ / 4 wave plate 7 on the liquid crystal layer 5 passes through Liquid crystal molecules are birefringent into elliptical polarized light. The light is then reflected by the reflective electrode 3, and is further affected by the liquid? After passing through the a / # wave plate 7 and the / 2 wave plate 1 1, the light does not become a linearly polarized light perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6. Therefore, the light passes through the polarizer 6. By controlling the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the amount of light that passes through the polarizer 6 after being reflected by the reflective electrode 3 can be adjusted, and therefore, a gray scale display can be provided. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5 from the reflective electrode 3 and the counter electrode 4 to change the liquid-66-i paper size, the Chinese National Standard (CNS) ^ grid (210 χ 297 mm)-482917 A7 __ B7 V. Description of the invention (When the crystal molecules are oriented in the direction of 64 ^ ', and the phase difference caused by the liquid crystal layer 5 satisfies the 1/4 wavelength condition, when light passes through the liquid crystal layer 5 and reaches the reflective electrode 3, the light comes from the / 4 wave plate 7 The circularly polarized light gradually becomes linearly polarized light and is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6. The light again passes through the liquid crystal layer 5 to become circularly polarized light and then passes through the λ / 4 wave plate 7 and the λ / 2 wave plate 11 It becomes linearly polarized light and is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6. In this case, the amount of light transmitted through the polarizer 6 is the maximum. Figure 1 8B reveals the condition of the liquid crystal layer blocking condition. One of the maximum amount of light reflected by 3 is transmitted through the polarizer 6, in other words, the light on the reflective electrode 3 is linearly polarized light and is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6. As mentioned above, when no voltage is applied over the liquid crystal At layer 5, black display is due to liquid crystal 5 can be obtained substantially without birefringence; and when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, a gray-scale display can be obtained by changing the light transmittance according to the voltage. See FIG. 18C. The black display in the transmission mode will explain as follows.

Line Light emitted from a light source (not shown) is incident on the polarizer 9 and becomes linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer. Therefore, the light is incident on the λ / 2 wave plate 12. The λ / 2 wave plate 1 2 is arranged so that its slower optical axis is inclined at an angle of 15 degrees in relation to the transmission axis of the polarizer 9 and further perpendicular to the slower axis of the / 2 wave plate 1 1. The light passing through the λ / 2 wave plate 12 is linearly polarized light inclined at 30 degrees in relation to the transmission axis of the polarizer 9, and in this direction, the slower axis of the λ / 2 wave plate 12 is interposed, and then the light is incident. On; I / 4 wave plate 10. -67- This paper size applies the Chinese national standard (CNS &gt; A4 size (210X 297mm) 482917 A7 _ B7 V. Description of the invention (65 ~ ^ ^ ^ λ / 4 wave plate 1 0 series is arranged to make it slower related to the axis The transmission axis of the polarizer 9 is inclined at 75 degrees, and the slower axis of λ / 2 wave plate 12 is interposed in this direction. In other words, the slower axis of λ / 4 wave plate 1 0 is set as The polarization direction of the linearly polarized light from the λ / 2 wave plate 12 is 45 degrees, so it passes through; the light of the I / 4 wave plate 10 is circularly polarized light. When no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, The liquid crystal molecules with negative conductivity anisotropy used in the liquid crystal layer 5 are approximately perpendicular to the surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2. According to this, the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer 5 to incident light is extremely small. In other words, the phase difference caused by the light passing through the liquid crystal layer 5 is substantially zero. According to this, the circularly polarized light from the λ / 4 wave plate 10 passes through the liquid crystal layer 5 while maintaining the circularly polarized light and incident on it; ^ / 4 wave plate 7. The slower axis of λ / 4 wave plate 10 and the slower axis of / 4 wave plate 7 are flat to each other. Therefore, the circularly polarized light incident on the 1/4 wave plate 7 becomes linearly polarized light, and is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 9 and incident on the λ / 2 wave plate 1 1. The transmission passes through the λ / 2 wave The linearly polarized light of the plate 11 is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6 and is absorbed but not transmitted by the polarizer 6. In this case, the black display is pending. Referring to FIG. 18D, the white display in the transmission mode will be explained The process until the light passes through the λ / 4 wave plate 10 to become circularly polarized light is the same as the above, so it will not be repeated. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the liquid crystal molecules are related to the substrate 1. 2 and 2 are inclined horizontally, according to which, circularly polarized light incident from the λ / 4 wave plate 10 on the liquid crystal layer 5 is elliptical polarized light by birefringence of liquid crystal molecules -68- This paper is applicable to this paper China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 _______ B7 _ V. Description of the invention (66) Light. After passing through the λ / 4 wave plate 7 and λ / 2 wave plate 1 1, the light does not become Linearly polarized light perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6 Therefore, light passes through the polarizer 6. By controlling the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the amount of light incident on the polarizer 6 can be adjusted to provide a grayscale display. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the liquid crystal is When the phase difference caused by the layer 5 satisfies the 1/2 wavelength condition, the circularly polarized light from the / 4 wave plate 10 gradually becomes linearly polarized light 'and is perpendicular to the polarizer 6 at a half thickness of the liquid crystal layer 5 The transmission axis' subsequently becomes a circularly polarized light when it is completely transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 5. Since the circularly polarized light from the liquid crystal layer 5 passes through the λ / 4 wave plate 7 and the human / 2 wave plate 11 and becomes a linearly polarized light parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, it is incident on the polarizer 6 Most of the light passes through. In this case, the amount of light transmitted through the polarizer 6 is the maximum. Fig. 18D reveals a case where the liquid crystal layer has a blocking condition. One of the maximum light rays transmitted through the polarizer 9 is transmitted through the polarizer 6. As described above, "When no voltage" is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, a haze display can be obtained because the liquid crystal layer 5 is substantially free of birefringence; and when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 5, the grayscale display can be determined by the voltage. Obtained by changing the light transmittance. The phase difference caused by the liquid crystal layer 5 at the maximum reflectance of the bright color display in the reflection mode is λ / 4, and the phase difference caused by the liquid crystal layer 5 at the maximum reflectance of the bright color display in the transmission mode is λ / 2. It can be seen that when the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflection region is equal to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the transmission region, the phase difference of λ / 4 for the reflection mode and // 4 for the transmission mode cannot be achieved at the same time. -69- This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ---- 482917 A7 __B7 V. Description of the invention (67 ~ ^ In the display system, the phase difference of the liquid crystal layer in the reflection area is changed In the case of 0 to several / 4, a satisfactory light use factor cannot be obtained in the transmission mode gas because the phase difference of the liquid crystal layer in the transmission region also changes from 0 to long / 4. In reflection mode and transmission The satisfactory light usage / factor in the mode can be obtained by changing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the self-reflecting region to the thickness in the transmitting region, and the gas by applying different voltages to the liquid crystal layer in the reflective region and the liquid crystal in the transmitting region. When the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the transmission region is twice the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflection region, the phase difference between λ / 4 for the reflection mode and λ / 2 for the transmission mode can be achieved at the same time. The thickness used in the transmission mode need not be twice the thickness used in the reflection mode, and the light usage factor can be increased by making the thickness used in the transmission mode greater than the thickness used in the reflection mode, and not more than doubled. In the fifth example, again / 4 wave plate 1 The slower axis is set perpendicular to the slower axis of the 1/4 wave plate 7, and the slower axis of the / 2 wave plate 12 is set to be the slower axis perpendicular to the 1/2 wave plate 11 and the polarized light. The transmission axis of the polarizer 6 is not set to be perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 9, but the present invention is not limited to this setting method. When the linearly polarized light passing through the polarizer 9 without the liquid crystal layer 5 is blocked enters the polarized light The black display can be obtained when it is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6 in the transmission mode. More specifically, as long as the following conditions are satisfied, the black display can be obtained without birefringence in the liquid crystal layer 5. And the gray scale display can be obtained by changing the light transmittance according to the voltage, even if there is no above setting method: the angle formed by the transmission axis of the polarizer 6 and the relatively extended axis of the λ / 2 wave plate Η is ri, Angle formed by the transmission axis of the polarizer 6 and the slower axis of the λ / 4 wave plate 7 -70- This paper size applies to China® Home Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (68) Degree is 2 r 1 + 45 degrees; polarizer 9 is transparent The axis and the angle formed by the slower axis of the 1/2 wave plate 12 is T2, and the angle formed by the transmission axis of the polarizer 9 and the slower axis of the λ / 4 wave plate 10 is 2 72 + 45 degrees; and The linearly polarized light transmitted through the polarized light without the liquid crystal layer 5 blocking it is incident on the polarizer 6 'as in the transmission mode perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6. The λ / 4 wave plate 7, 10 and λ / 2 wave are formed. The refractive indices of the birefringent materials of plates 11 and 12 related to ordinary light and abnormal light are strongly dependent on the wavelength. Therefore, the phase delay accumulated in the wavelength at a specific thickness also depends on the wavelength. 'Only when the incident light has At a single specific wavelength, the phase retardation of / 4 can be completely provided on the linearly polarized light plane of the incident light. According to this, in a region where the λ / 4 phase delay is not obtained because of the wavelength dependence of the refractive index anisotropy of the birefringent materials constituting the λ / 4 wave plates 7, 10 and λ / 2 wave plates 11, 12 ', Part of the light is transmitted through the polarizer 6 without being absorbed by the polarizer 6. As a result, the darkness of the black display changes. In the fifth example, You / 4 wave plate 7 is combined with Jiu / 2 wave plate 1 1 and You / 4 wave plate 1 0 is combined with Jiu / 2 wave plate 1 2 'Because of this structure, in the transmission mode, The wavelength dependence of the refractive index anisotropy of the 1/4 wave plate 丨 〇 is offset by the wavelength dependence of the refractive index anisotropy of the 1/4 wave plate 7. Therefore, the λ / 4 condition is satisfied in a wide range of wavelengths to improve the darkness of the black display. Needless to say, the darkness of the black display can be improved without setting the slower axis of the λ / 4 wave plate 1 0 perpendicular to the slower axis of the ^ / 4 wave plate 7 and the long / 2 wave plate 1 2 The slower axis is perpendicular to the [/ 2 wave plate 1 1 slower axis. In this example, γ 1 = r 2 = 15 degrees, but the values of r 1 and r 2 can be as required -71-This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard &lt; CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (69 darkness changes, A / 2 wave plate 12 can be omitted to improve cost-effectiveness, although the darkness in black display will decline in the transmission mode. However, in this case, λ / 4 The angle formed by the slower axis of the wave plate 10 and the transmission axis of the polarizer 9 needs to be set so that the linearly polarized light transmitted through the polarizer 9 without blocking in the liquid crystal layer 5 is incident on the polarizer 6, and For example, in the transmission mode, it is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6. The slower axis of the / 4 wave plate 10 is set perpendicular to the slower axis of the / 4 wave plate 7, and the slower axis of the λ / 2 wave plate 12 is set. In the case where the slower axis perpendicular to the Λ / 2 wave plate 1 1 and the transmission axis of the polarizer 6 are perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 9, the following effects can be obtained in the transmission mode; ^ / 4 wave plate 10 The dependence of the refractive index anisotropy on the wavelength is determined by the &lt; r 射 射 of the 1/4 wave plate 7 The wavelength dependence is offset, and the wavelength dependence of the refractive index anisotropy of the / 2 wave plate 12 is offset by the wavelength dependence of the refractive index anisotropy of the λ / 2 wave plate 1 1, thereby improving the black display. When another phase compensation element is provided between at least one of the polarizer 6 and the liquid crystal layer 5 and between the polarizer 9 and the liquid crystal layer 5, a satisfactory display can be obtained in a wide viewing angle In the fifth example, the liquid crystal layer 5 is aligned in a vertical direction, and the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the substrate have a specific tilt angle in relation to the vertical direction of the substrate, and the retardation value is not completely zero when no voltage is applied. In the reflection mode, when the retardation value α is still retained, a phase compensation element may be provided between at least one of the polarizer 6 and the liquid crystal layer 5 and between the polarizer 9 and the liquid crystal layer 5 to compensate for retardation. And the retardation value tends to zero, thus achieving a better black display. -72- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)

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B7 V. Description of the invention (70) In the vertical configuration, the m crystal layer has a residual retardation value in the reflection mode. In the shape, a phase compensation element with a long delay time of 4-α can be provided instead of / 4 wave plate 7. In the reflection mode, the remaining retardation of the liquid crystal layer divides into circularly polarized light (elliptical polarized light is incident on the liquid crystal layer, and the elliptical polarized light passes through the liquid crystal layer to reach The reflective electrode gradually becomes circularly polarized light. Due to the reflection, the light gradually becomes a circularly polarized light with the opposite direction. When passing through and leaving the liquid crystal layer, the light changes from circularly polarized light to elliptical polarized light. At this point, the elliptical polarized light has a phase that is 90 degrees away from the incident time. When passing through the phase compensation element, the elliptical polarized light gradually becomes linearly polarized light and is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6. In the main When the reflection mode display is performed, for example, when the reflective pixel electrode is larger than the transmissive pixel electrode, the λ / 4 wave plate 10 used for the display in the transmissive mode can be retained. It can be understood The thing is, even when the remaining retardation in the vertically aligned liquid crystal layer is not negligible, high contrast display can still be obtained in reflection mode by providing a phase compensation element to take into account the retardation. In the case of a mode having a residual retardation value α and a transmission mode having a residual retardation value / 3, a phase compensation element having a retardation value of λ / 4-α can be used instead of the λ / 4 wave plate 7, and one having a retardation value of λ / 4 A phase compensation element with a 4-(/ 3-α) retardation value can replace a λ / 4 wave plate 10. In a transmission mode that uses light to pass through a region having a transmission function, such as a region through an electrode, when the liquid crystal molecules are in the vertical direction When listed on the substrate, a -73- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 B7

A phase compensation element having a retardation value of / 4 · (/ 3-α) is set so that the light leaving the liquid crystal layer is an elliptical polarized light, as in the reflection mode. The elliptical polarized light having this phase difference is incident on a phase compensation element having a retardation value of ~ λ / 4-α. Therefore, when passing through a phase compensation element having a retardation value of λ / 4-α, the light gradually becomes The linearly polarized light is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 6, so that an accumulative display with extremely small light leakage can be obtained. It can be understood that even when the remaining retardation value in the vertically aligned liquid crystal layer cannot be ignored, high-contrast display can still be obtained in the reflection mode by providing a relative phase compensation element to consider the retardation. The LCD device in the fifth example uses a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer, but a horizontally aligned liquid crystal layer can be used to achieve display according to the same principle. In this case, when a higher voltage is applied, the blocking caused by the liquid crystal layer That is reduced. However, when most of the liquid crystal molecules are perpendicular to the substrate except the vicinity of the substrate when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the substrate will be difficult to move due to the electric field. Based on this, the remaining retardation is caused by the substrate. This occurs in the vicinity of liquid crystal molecules. It can be understood that when a horizontally aligned liquid crystal layer is used, optical leakage occurs during a black display period, and the contrast can be reduced due to the effect of residual retardation compared to when a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer is used. In order to achieve the same black display quality as a horizontally aligned liquid crystal layer with a horizontally aligned liquid crystal layer, liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the substrate need to be aligned to interact with the remaining retardation caused by the liquid crystal molecules' or a phase compensation element must be provided. Figure 19 reveals that when the slower axes of the λ / 4 wave plates 7, 10 are parallel to each other and the slower axes of the / 2 wave plates 1 1, 12 are parallel to each other, and when the λ / 4 wave plates -74- Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7

The slower axes of 7, 10 are parallel to each other and there is no relationship; when the 1/2 wave plate is used for compensation, the relationship between the light transmittance and the wavelength of the black display in the transmission mode. As shown in FIG. 19, a black display with substantially no optical leakage can be obtained by providing λ / 2 wave plates 1 1 and 12. Figure 20 reveals that when the slower axes of 1/4 wave plates 7, 10 are parallel to each other and the slower axes of λ / 2 wave plates 11, 12 are parallel to each other as described in the fifth example, and When the retardation axes of the plates 7 and 10 are perpendicular to each other and the wave plates 11 and 12 are perpendicular to each other as compensation, the relationship between the light wavelength and the transmittance displayed in black in the transmission mode. As shown in Figure 20, the black display with almost no optical leakage can be set by setting the slower axes of the λ / 4 wave plates 7, 10 to be perpendicular to each other and setting the slower of the 2 wave plates 1 1, 12 The axes are taken perpendicular to each other. (Example 2) As described above, according to the first example of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a transmissive and reflective LCD device that provides satisfactory display quality. In LCD devices that can operate in transmissive and reflective modes, use LCD devices with semi-transmissive and semi-reflective layers (as shown in Figure 8C) are inferior to LCD devices with a reflective area, which can display in a reflective mode and a transmissive area to facilitate one of the following transmission modes (such as Figure 8 A). When using a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective layer made by depositing metal particles in a very small thickness, the metal particles need to have a large absorption coefficient. Accordingly, the internal absorption of incident light is large, and one of the incident light A large percentage is absorbed or scattered and is not used for display, so the light usage factor is low (for example, 5 5 ° / 〇 incident light in a module is not used for display). -75- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)

Description of the Invention When using a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective layer with fine holes and cavities (can be referred to as "openings"), the structure of the layer is complex and an accurate manufacturing design is required. It is difficult to control the thickness of the layer It becomes uniform, in other words, the reproduction rate of electronic characteristics and optical characteristics is not satisfactory. Therefore, it is difficult to control the display quality of LCD devices. In the second example, it will be explained that the LCD device has a transmission area for displaying in the transmission mode and a reflection area for displaying in the reflection mode, and the structural features of the electrodes. When the electrode structure in the second example is combined with the phase compensation element in the first example, the display quality can be further enhanced. An L C D device with a transmission area and a reflection area uses less loss of ambient light or illumination light, and has a significantly higher light use factor than an L c d device using a half mirror. A first conductive layer is made of a transparent conductive material, such as IT 0 or tin dioxide (Sn02). Each layer of the first conductive layer is made of Ming, tungsten, tungsten or its alloy. The layer may be made of materials used for general reflective LCD devices and transmissive LCD devices. Therefore, LCD devices provide extremely stable display characteristics and stability, and are easier to manufacture. Furthermore, the LCD device in the second example can solve the problem of the conventional transmission type LCD device, that is, when the ambient light is bright, the function is reduced due to surface reflection; it can also solve the problem of the conventional reflection type L c D device. That is, when the ambient light is dark, a satisfactory display cannot be obtained due to the reduced brightness. In the case of providing a sufficient power, the backlight can be used as a conventional transmissive LCD device. Therefore, sufficient display can be obtained, regardless of the ambient light. -76- This paper standard applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 Specifications (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 B7) V. Description of the invention (74 line strength without the need to make the diffusion of ambient light use factors as precise control as in conventional reflective LCD devices. When using, by a The first conductive layer with a higher transmittance and the second conductive layer with a higher reflectance provided by the pixel area are used for display complementarily, so clear images can be displayed regardless of the ambient light intensity. When used When inside a battery-powered digital camera or camcorder's mirror (monitor screen) 'The LCD device in the second example can provide appropriate bright images' which is easy to view by adjusting the brightness of the backlight, regardless of the ambient light . Especially when used outdoors on a sunny day, the image provided by the conventional transmission type L c D device has a low contrast even when the brightness of the backlight is increased, but by Turn off the backlight to reduce power consumption and use the LCD device of the present invention in the reflection mode, or by reducing the brightness of the backlight and using the transmission mode and reflection mode of the LCD device of the present invention, the quality of this image can be changed. When monitoring When the screen receives daylight, the LCD device can be used in the same way as when it is outdoors on a sunny day. When an object appears from a dark corner of the room, the backlight can be turned on to use the LCD device in the transmission mode. When used in a car navigation device When monitoring, the LCD device in the second example can provide an image with appropriate brightness for easy viewing. The conventional automotive monitor uses a backlight with a higher brightness than the backlight used by a personal computer or the like to facilitate processing incident on the screen. The external light, however, the conventional automotive monitor screen still has the problem of low contrast. On the contrary, the backlight with this high brightness is not suitable for display at night or in the road. The LCD device in the second example is used by Available in reflection mode and transmission mode when bright -77- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 2 97 mm) 482917 V. Description of the invention (A7 B7

Satisfactory enough display, without the need to set a sufficient backlight brightness is high. In the dark, an easily visible display is provided with a brightness of only about 50 to 100 cd / m2. Human beings In one LCD device of the second example, a pixel electrode includes a first conductive layer having a high light transmittance and a second conductive layer having a high light reflectance, and are conductive with each other. Therefore, a transmission area for display in the transmission mode and a reflection area for display in the reflection mode are both included in a pixel area. The first and second conductive layers are provided in the separation layer with an insulating layer interposed therebetween. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer (the thickness can be changed between the transmission area (for the first conductive layer) and the reflection area (for the second conductive layer). The thickness of the insulating layer is adjusted according to this, and the optical characteristics in the two regions can be matched with each other. During the manufacturing process, the two layers with different potentials interpose the insulating layer in between, so it is used to make patterns to The developer that forms the electrode or the resist remover that acts as the electrolyte does not cause electrical corrosion, and therefore, an extremely stable LCD device can be obtained. When there is no insulation between a layer of pixel electrodes (such as IT 0 on the bottom layer and aluminum on the top layer) In the layer, the voltage system of the IT 0 layer is significantly different from that of the aluminum layer. Moreover, the film has many mechanical fine openings. Based on this, the developer used for patterning or as a resistance remover is like an electrolyte, and is easy to use. As a result of electrical corrosion, the ιτο layer is washed to cause pixel defects, wire disconnection, and contamination of the liquid crystal layer. Since the insulating layer of the present invention is provided between two layers, the insulating layer acts as a protective layer to prevent liquid intrusion Causes electrical corrosion. Even when the two layers constituting the pixel electrode have a relationship of being prone to electrical corrosion, the two layers can still be interconnected via a third conductive layer to alleviate the properties of these two layers, because -78-This paper is applicable to t National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (21G X 297 Public Love) &quot; &quot; &quot; 'One-&quot; --------

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482917 A7 B7 &quot; X &quot;, description of the invention (76) Therefore, inadequate connections due to electro-corrosive worms and other troublesome factors that disrupt the stability of the LC device can be avoided. In the case where one of the first, second and third conductive layers is constituted by a part of a gate line or a source line material, the manufacturing process can be simplified. A conductive layer made on the surface of the insulating layer can be made wavy. In this case, the incident light is reflected and scattered, resulting in a wider viewing angle. Therefore, a white display can be obtained without using another. Diffuser. According to a method for manufacturing the LCD device of the present invention, the complicated manufacturing conditions of using half mirrors in the conventional B (: 1) device are not necessary, and it is used for the approximate electrodes of the conventional transmissive LCD device and reflective device. Materials, circuit materials, and manufacturing conditions can be used, so it is easier to manufacture and the replication rate is satisfactory. Even when the two layers constituting the pixel electrode have a relationship that is prone to cause electrical corrosion, the two layers can still be connected to each other through an insulating layer or a third conductive layer provided therebetween, so the two layers can be made without direct contact. Or it can be in contact with a liquid that is used as electricity, thereby preventing electric corrosion, so the LCD device enjoys a high stability and can be manufactured efficiently. The steps of removing the contact area of the insulating layer from the first and second conductive layers and the step of removing the insulating layer on a part of the first conductive layer are performed in one step at the same time, and the number of steps can be reduced and maintained. L c D device stability. (Example 6) An LCD device according to a sixth example of the present invention will be described. Fig. 2 is a plan view of an active array substrate corresponding to a pixel area in the sixth example. [Fig. 2 is an LCD device taken along the line 2-2-2 2 of Fig. 2 -79- This paper β Sekai S ® Home Standard (cAs) A4 secret (2ιχχ 297 mm)-482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (77) Sectional view. As shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, it provides a plurality of gate lines 53 and a plurality of source lines 59 &amp; so as to facilitate a TFT 57 series perpendicular to each other on a transparent insulating plate (not shown) made of glass or plastic material. Located near the intersections of the gate line 5 3 and the source line 5 9 a, one of the drain electrodes 5 9c of the TFT 57 is connected to a reflective electrode 61 and a transmissive electrode 5 8 a which are combined as a pixel electrode. A part of an LCD device having a pixel electrode as its top layer has a region T (transmitting region) having a higher light transmittance, and a region R (having a higher light reflectance as viewed from above the LCD device) Reflection area). Although not shown in the figure, one alignment layer for aligning liquid crystal molecules is provided on the active matrix substrate of TF shown in FIG. The LCD device in the second hole and the following examples includes the above-mentioned active array substrate and an inverse substrate including a transmissive electrode and an alignment layer, and a color filter, a phase compensation element, or a polarizer may be provided when necessary. The region T is rectangular and is located in the center of the pixel electrode. In a cross-sectional view, the region T includes a plurality of layers made of a material having a high light reflectivity, and also includes a transmission electrode 58a as a top layer to be connected to the drain electrode 59c of the TFT 57. . The area R is fixed in the area T and includes a reflective electrode 6 1 as a top layer. The reflective electrode 61 1 is made of an alloy with high light reflectivity and is connected to the drain electrode 5 9 c of DFT 57. Due to this structure, the region R can reflect incident light, and the reflective electrode 61 having a wave-shaped surface scatters the incident light to a proper direction range. One of the liquid crystal materials used for LCD devices in the sixth example is a guest-host type liquid crystal material ZLI 2327 (manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.), which contains a black color -80. CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 B7 5. Description of the invention (78) The optical active material S-811 (manufactured by Merck &amp; Co., Ltd.) also contains 0.5% ratio. As shown in FIG. 22, the TFT 57 includes a gate insulating layer 54, a semiconductor layer 55, semiconductor contact layers 56a, 56b, a source 59b, a drain 59c, and the above-mentioned components are sequentially disposed thereon. The gate 5 2 is branched from each of the gate lines 5 3 (see Fig. 2 1). The drain electrode 5 9 c is a transmission electrode 5 8 a connected to a part of the pixel electrode in the region T. In the region R, an interlayer insulating layer 60 and a reflective electrode 61 are sequentially disposed on the transmission electrode 5 8 a. The reflective electrode 61 is electrically connected to the transmissive electrode 58a through a contact hole 63 provided in the interlayer insulating layer 60. The reflective electrode 61 and the transmissive electrode 58a constitute a pixel electrode to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal material. The transmissive electrode 58a The reflective electrode 61 is not directly connected to each other, but passes through a conductive metal layer 62 made of titanium. The transmissive electrode 5 8 a can be covered with an interlayer insulating layer 60 when the reflective electrode 61 is formed in a drawing (a method for manufacturing an LCD device will be described later). According to this, IT 0 and aluminum cause electrical corrosion to prevent Trouble such as line interruption. In the case where the interlayer insulating layer 60 is provided on the transmissive electrode 58a with a small thickness and completely covers the transmissive electrode 58a, the electric corrosion can be prevented from occurring between ITO and aluminum after the LcD device is manufactured.

In this example, the metal layer 62 is made of titanium, but as long as the metal layer 62 is made of a conductive material other than Ming, the same effect can be achieved, such as mesh, surface, zhao, or town. In addition, the reflective electrode 61 is made of an alloy containing an inscription, and a metal material with a higher potential than aluminum is added, such as tungsten, nickel, surface, or zirconium, instead of forming the metal layer 62. Furthermore, in this case, LcD -81-this paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 482917

After the device is generated, electric corrosion money between I τ 0 and | g can be avoided, for example, electric corrosion rice can be effectively prevented by adding ^ about 5.0 weight percent of tungsten to the Ming. A method for manufacturing a 0:00 device in this example will be described with reference to FIGS. 23A to 23E. As shown in FIG. 2A, a conductive thin film is provided on the insulating plate 51 and is drawn into a predetermined shape using light lithography to form a gate electrode 52 and a gate line (not shown in FIG. 7F). In this example, the insulating plate 5 丨 is made of a glass plate 51, and the gate electrode 5 2 and the gate wire are made of 妲, and the insulating layer 5 丨 can be made of plastic or the like 'instead of glass, and the gate electrode 5 2 and the brake wire can be made of other conductive materials, such as Ming, Luo, 钿, 鶏, copper or “. Next, as shown in FIG. 23B, a silicon nitride (SiNx) gate insulating layer 54, an a · Si semiconductor layer 55, and a p-doped n, a_Si layer are used for the semiconductor contact layers 5 6 a, 5 6 b They were sequentially made from c VD, and then printed with light slate printing. Then, a conductive layer is made and patterned into a predetermined shape using light lithography, thereby making source lines 5 9 a, source electrodes 5 9 b, and drain electrodes 5 9 c. In this example, the conductive layer is made of a chromium-containing material, but it can also be made of other conductive materials, such as aluminum, molybdenum, buttons, tungsten, copper, or titanium. As shown in FIG. 23C, a light-transmitting conductive layer is then made, and the photolithography is used to make a drawing to form a transmission electrode 5 8a. In this example, the transmission electrode is made of ITO. A metal layer is then made and patterned using light lithography, whereby a metal layer 62 is made. The metal layer 62 is used to connect the transmissive electrode 58a and the reflective electrode 61, which are then made. In this example, the metal layer 62 is made of titanium, but other than -82- This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210X 297 mm) 482917 A7 _______ B7 V. Description of the invention (8〇 — ·) — &Quot; Other conductive materials are also possible, such as road, indium, zhao or thorium. Subsequently, the source electrode 5 9b and the drain electrode 5 9c are used as light-shielding members to etch P-doped π-a-Si 'to form semiconductor contact layers 56 &amp;, 56b, and the FT 57 is completed. The source electrode 5 9 b and the drain electrode 5 9 c may be stacked on the transmission electrode 5 8 a. Next, as shown in FIG. 2D, an interlayer insulating layer 60 is made, and the interlayer insulating layer 60 is patterned by light lithography to make a contact hole 63 and a part of the interlayer insulating layer 6 in the removal region τ. At the same time, one surface of the interlayer insulating layer 60 in the region R (that is, the one on which the reflective electrode 6 is to be formed) is made wavy. By removing a part of the interlayer insulating layer 60 in the region T, the permeability of the region τ is improved. However, the interlayer insulating layer 60 is not completely removed, and it still has a certain thickness, which can be patterned on the reflective electrode 61. It is easy to prevent electrical corrosion at all times, which means that the orientation state of the liquid crystal molecules is almost the same in each pixel region. The surface of the interlayer insulating layer 60 in the region R has a plurality of rounded protrusions 04 'as seen from above. In the cross-sectional view, the surface area of the interlayer insulating layer 60 gradually changes. When the reflective electrode 61 is provided on this wave-shaped surface, the incident light can be effectively reflected by the wave-shaped surface of the reflective electrode 61 and scattered in an appropriate direction range. The shape of the wave-shaped surface can be optimized according to the required display characteristics Judgment. If the light is not scattered, the surface need not be undulating. The interlayer insulating layer 60 is made of a single organic resin layer (2.5 micron thickness) in this example, but it can also be made of multiple layers of different materials. The single thick organic resin layer in this example has the advantage that when the reflective electrode is stacked When covering TFT 57, a vibration-type capacitor can be avoided. Therefore, the display quality is improved and the numerical aperture is increased. A thicker organic resin layer can also help the surface of the wave shape. CNS) A4 size (210 X 297 public directors) 482917 A7 B7

V. Description of the invention (81%) For example, nitride can be thinner. In addition, the interlayer insulation layer 60 can be made of a general inorganic layer, silicon SiNx-. This layer is beneficial to obtain a high insulation value, and However, the disadvantage is that it is difficult to generate a wavy surface. When it is not made into a wavy surface because of the required display characteristics, it is a more logical layer. As shown in Figure 23E, an aluminum layer is made and patterned. Thereby, the reflective electrode 61 is formed in the region R, the reflective electrode 61 passes through the contact hole 63 and the metal layer = the transmission electrode 58a and the drain electrode 59c which are connected to the TFT 57. In this example, the radiation electrode 61 is made of aluminum, but also Can be made of other aluminum alloys or conductive materials with high light reflectance. Therefore, the active array substrate shown in Figures 2 and 22 is completed. Although not shown in the figure, a collocation layer is provided in the active array On the top of the substrate, an active array substrate provided with a aligning layer is combined with a reverse substrate including a transmissive electrode and a aligning layer. A liquid crystal material is injected into the gap between the two substrates to complete the sixth example. L c D device, β color filter if necessary Or a phase compensation element can be added. As mentioned above, the liquid crystal material used in this example LCD device is a guest-host type liquid crystal material ZLI 2327 (manufactured by Merck &amp; Co., Inc.), which contains black pigment and also contains 0.5% of optically active material 8_811 (manufactured by 1 ^^^ &:;, manufactured by the company). In this example, satisfactory display characteristics can be achieved by setting the area ratio to the area T ratio of 40: 6 Obtained from 0, the area ratio should not be limited to this, and it can be appropriately changed according to the transmittance and reflectance of the regions T and R, and the use of the LCD device. In this example, only one region T is located in the center of the pixel region. Provide the paper wave scale applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 ___B7 V. Description of the invention (82 ~) ~ Multiple areas T, and the area T can be any other shape. In the second example In the LCD device, a pixel electrode includes an area T having a high light transmittance and being located in the center, and an area R having a high light reflectance and being surrounded by the periphery of the area T. Due to this structure, a CD Device compared to using half mirror The LCD device can use ambient light and illumination light with less loss. In addition, the LCD device in the second example can solve the problem of the conventional transmission type LCD device, that is, when the ambient light is bright, the visibility is reduced due to surface reflection. ; And also solve the problem of the conventional reflective L c D device 'that is, when the ambient light is dim, the satisfactory display cannot be obtained due to the decrease in brightness. In other words, the LCD device in the second example provides satisfactory Display without regard to the intensity of ambient light, and does not require the precise control of diffusion in light usage factors due to diffusion in reflective features, as in conventional reflective LCD devices. In this example, the LCD device can be manufactured by using the common electrodes and wires and conditions used in conventional transmissive LCD devices and reflective LCD devices. The complicated conditions of using half mirrors in conventional LCD devices are not required. Based on this, this example The LCD device is easier to manufacture and has a satisfactory reproduction rate. In addition, the display characteristics of the conventional LCD device, which are difficult to obtain using a half mirror, are easily achieved. (Example 7) An LCD device according to a seventh example of the present invention will be described. Fig. 2 is a plan view of an active array substrate of an LC D device corresponding to a pixel region in the seventh example. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the L · CD device taken along the line 2 5-2 5 of Fig. 2 . -85-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 public director) 482917 V. Description of the invention (83 The LCD device in the seventh example is different from the LCD device in the sixth example as a pixel electrode The related structure of the power connection between the reflective electrode 61 and the TFT 57 and the manufacturing method related to this structure. As shown in Figures 24 and 25, the drain 59c of the TFT 57 is connected to the transmission electrode 5 8 a, and the transmission electrode 5 8 a is used as a part of the pixel electrode to facilitate the application of a voltage to the liquid crystal material in the region T. In the region R, the interlayer insulating layer 60 and the reflective electrode 61 are provided on the transmissive electrode 5 8 a. The reflective electrode 61 passes directly through the contact hole 6 3 and is connected to the drain electrode 5 9 c. The reflective electrode 61 is also part of the pixel electrode. As shown in the sixth example, the transmissive electrode 5 made of IT 0 8 a is not directly connected to the reflective electrode 6 1 made of aluminum; due to this structure, the TFT 57 can be surely connected to the materials without unnecessary possibility of electrical corrosion, even if ambient light is used in the area R High reflectance and south transmittance from backlight used in area T In this example, electrical corrosion of ITO and aluminum is avoided, and the present invention can be effectively applied to any combination of different materials that are prone to cause electrical corrosion. The active array substrate shown in FIGS. 2 and 25 will be described later. The process up to the fabrication of the semiconductor layer 55 and one of the semiconductor layers 56a and 56b is the same as that shown in the sixth example. Then a conductive layer is patterned using light lithography to form source lines 59a, Source electrode 59b, drain electrode 59c, and a connection metal layer. In this example, the conductive layer is made of a chromium-containing material, but it can also be formed of other conductive materials. For example, Ming, I, Short, Tungsten, Copper, or Qin Then, the transmission electrode 58a is made to partially overlap the connection metal layer 59d, and the 'connection metal layer 59d may be partially overlapped to the transmission electrode ... In this example, the paper size of the paper is suitable for the standard _) Weige ( ⑽χ 撕 公 爱 τ 482917 A7 —_______ B7 V. Description of the invention (84) The transmission electrode 58a in the example is also made of IT0. Source line 5 9 a, source 5 9 b, and drain 5 9 c and connection The metal layer 5 9 d may be formed on the transmissive electrode 58 a. After P passes between the layers The edge layer 60 is made in the same manner as shown in the sixth example, and the contact hole 63 is formed by light lithography and a part of the interlayer insulating layer 60 in the area T is removed, and then the reflective electrode 61 is made. In this example, the reflective electrode 61 is also made of aluminum. It can be understood that, in this example, the transmissive electrode 58 3 made of * IT0 is not directly connected to the reflective electrode 6 1 ′ made of inscription. A structure, because the failure caused by the electrical corrosion between ITO and aluminum can be avoided in the contact part, thereby improving the stability, and the metal layer 62 made of the same material as the source 5 9 b can be Easier to make. (Example 8) In the eighth example, another method for manufacturing the LCD device shown in the seventh example will be described with reference to Figs. 26A to 26C. Figs. 20A to 20C correspond to Fig. 25 and are sectional views for explaining a method of manufacturing the LCD device shown in the seventh example. The process until the interlayer insulating layer 60 is completed is performed as described in the seventh example. As shown in FIG. 2A, a part of the interlayer insulating layer 60 is subsequently removed by light lithography to make contact holes 63. In the same step, the surface of the interlayer insulating layer 60 in the region R is corrugated. The incident light is scattered by the surface. Unlike the seventh example, a part of the interlayer insulating layer 60 in the region T is not removed. On the surface of the interlayer insulation layer 60, an aluminum layer or an aluminum alloy is made. -87- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm).

Pack one

482917 A7 _____B7 V. Description of the invention (85) '~' ~ &quot; layer, interlayer insulation layer 60 in this example is composed of a single organic resin layer, but 疋 can also be made of multiple layers of different materials, interlayer insulation layer The surface of 60 does not need to be waved. As shown in Fig. 26B, the reflective layer 61 is formed by patterning with a lithographic printing layer along with the base layer. Next, as shown in FIG. 26C, the interlayer insulating layer 60 is removed in a part or all of the region T. In this way, the active array substrate shown in Figs. 2, 4, and 5 can be completed. With one of this active array substrate; 1 (: 1: &gt; device can operate in both transmission mode and reflection mode at the same time, the reflective electrode 61 made of aluminum and the transparent electrode 5 8a made of IT〇 are in LCD After the devices are completed, they are not directly connected to each other, which will not cause electrical corrosion. Therefore, the failure caused by corrosion can be avoided, so the stability of the LCD device can be improved, and electrical corrosion can be prevented during the manufacturing process, because the reflective electrode 6 1 is drawn The transmissive electrode 5 8 a was not exposed to the etchant during molding. (Example 9) An LCD device in the ninth example of the present invention will be described. The LCD device in the ninth example is different from the lCd device in the seventh and eighth examples. It is in the order of making the transmissive electrode 58a and the drain electrode 59c, and the steps of making the contact hole 63. Figs. 2A to 27C correspond to Fig. 25, which illustrates a ninth example of manufacturing in a sectional view. The method of LCD device. The process until a layer to be formed into semiconductor contact holes 56a, 56b is performed as shown in the sixth and seventh examples. -88- This paper is suitable for financial standards @ 时 标准 (CNS) A4 Specifications (⑽χ 297 公 爱) 482917 A7 __ _ B7 _V. Description of the invention (86 ^ 'As shown in Figure 2 7 A, a light transmitted through the conductive layer is patterned using light lithography to make a transmissive electrode 5 8 a. In this example, the transmissive electrode 5 8 a is made of IT 0. A conductive layer is subsequently patterned using light lithography to form a source line 59a, a source 59b, a drain 59. A connection metal layer 59d, and a metal layer for area T 5 9 e, the source electrode 5 9 b is branched from the source line 5 9 a, the drain electrode 5 9 c, the connection metal layer 59d and the metal layer 59e for the region T are connected to each other. In this example, the conductive layer is formed by It is made of a material containing la, but it can also be made of other conductive materials, such as Ming, Luo, molybdenum, copper, copper or “. Then the source 5 9 b and the drain 5 9 c are used as light-shielding members for independent At this time, the semiconductor conductive layers 56a and 56b are made, so that the TFT 57 is completed. Thereafter, an interlayer insulating layer 60, a contact hole 63, and a part of the interlayer insulating layer 60 in the region T are used. Light lithography is removed. In the same step, the surface of the interlayer insulation layer 60 in the region R is made into a waveform to facilitate scattering of incident light. On the surface, an aluminum layer or an aluminum alloy-containing layer is made. In this example, the interlayer insulating layer 60 is made of a single organic resin layer, but it can also be made of a plurality of different materials. The interlayer insulating layer 60 The surface does not need to be wave-shaped. As shown in FIG. 2B, the aluminum or aluminum alloy-containing layer is made by light lithography to form a reflective electrode 61. As shown in FIG. The layer 5 9 e is partially or completely removed by light lithography, or the reflection electrode 61 is used as a light-shielding member and worm-etched. Alternatively, the layer 5 9 e can be etched and the reflective electrode 61 can be patterned by etching. As mentioned above, in this example, the reflective electrode 61 made of aluminum is not directly connected to the transmissive electrode 58a made of ITO. According to this, when the LCD device is completed -89- ) A4 size (210 X 297 mm)

Order

k 482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (87) The electrical corrosion between the inscription and I T 0 can be avoided, and the failure caused by the electrical corrosion can be avoided, thus improving the stability. Furthermore, electrical corrosion can also be prevented during the manufacturing process because the transmissive electrode 5 8 a is not exposed to the etchant when the reflective electrode 61 is patterned. (Example 1) An LCD device of the tenth example of the present invention will be described. The LC device in the tenth example is different from that shown in the seventh and eighth examples. [C0] The device is configured to pass through the electrode 5 with a structure of 11 ^ 57 and a step of forming a contact hole 63. Figs. 28A to 28C correspond to Fig. 25 and illustrate a method of manufacturing the LC D device shown in the tenth example in a sectional view. The process until a layer to be formed into the semiconductor contact layers 56a, 56b is performed as shown in the example T7, the seventh example. As shown in FIG. 28A, a light is sequentially transmitted through a conductive layer and a metal layer, and the metal layer is patterned by light lithography, thereby forming the upper half of the source line 5 9 &amp; and the upper half of the source 59b. Part, drain 59 (: upper half, connection metal layer:> 9d, and metal layer 59e as area τ, and then light is patterned through the conductive layer and is the same as source line 59a and source 59b upper half Pattern of the upper half of the drain 59, the connection metal layer 59d, and the metal layer 59e, thereby forming the lower half of the source line, the lower half of the source 58b, the lower half of the drain 58c, and the transmissive electrode 58a. From the above, it can be known that the source line, source, and drain have a double-layer structure. Even when a disconnection or any other fault occurs in one of the two layers, a normal signal is transmitted through the other layer in order to obtain normality. Display. -90-

A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (88) In this example, the light is transmitted through the conductive layer system * IT〇 and the metal layer is made of an M-containing material. The light through the conductive layer can be carved from the metal layer name in order. A separate light shielding member is used to etch the metal layer after the light shielding member is removed. Secondly, the surname engraving is performed by using the source electrode 5 9 b / 5 8 b and the drain electrode 5 9 c / 5 8 c as light shielding members, thereby forming semiconductor contact layers 56a, 5 6b, thereby completing the TFT 57. Thereafter, the interlayer insulating layer 60, the contact hole 63, and a part of the interlayer insulating layer 60 in the region T are also made, and removed by light lithography. In the same step, the interlayer insulating layer 60 in the region R is removed. The surface is made wavy to facilitate scattering of incident light. On the surface, a layer of aluminum or an alloy containing an alloy is made. In this example, the interlayer insulating layer 60 is made of a single organic resin layer, but it can also be made of a plurality of different material layers. The surface of the interlayer insulating layer 60 need not be wavy. As shown in FIG. 2B, the aluminum or aluminum alloy-containing layer is made by light lithography, thereby forming the reflective electrode 61. As shown in FIG. 2C, the layer 5 9e in the subsequent region τ is partially or completely removed by the light lithographic printing, or the reflective electrode 61 is etched as a light shielding member. Alternatively, the layer 5 9 e can be etched and the reflective electrode 61 can be patterned by etching. As mentioned above, in this example, the reflective electrode 6 made of aluminum is not directly connected to the transmissive electrode 58a made of ITO. According to this, when the LCD device is completed, electrical corrosion between aluminum and ITO can be avoided. And can avoid the failure caused by electric corrosion, thus improving the stability. In addition, electrical corrosion can be prevented during the manufacturing process, because the transmission electrode 5 8 a is not exposed to etching when the reflective electrode 6 1 is drawn -91-This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) ) A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (89) ^ In addition, since the pixel electrode (transmitting electrode 5 8 a) is made in the same step as other wires and electrodes, the manufacturing method is simplified. In this example, the pixel electrode (transmitting electrode 58a) is made in the same steps as the source line and the drain, but it can also be made in the same steps as the gate line and the gate. In order to replace the transmissive electrode 5 8 a, the reflective electrode may be made in the same steps as other wires * and electrodes. (Example 1 1) An LCD device in an eleventh example of the present invention will be described, and a terminal segment structure and a manufacturing method thereof will be described.

The LCD device in the eleventh example is different from the LCD devices shown in the sixth to tenth examples in that the transmission electrode 5 8 a is provided in the same steps as the gate and the gate line. 29A to 29C are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing an LCD device in the eleventh example, particularly an active array substrate and a terminal section of the LCD device. FIG. 2A corresponds to FIG. 25, which reveals the structure of one display segment of the LCD device. FIG. 30 is a plan view of the LCD device in the eleventh example, and FIG. 2B is taken along line 29B-29B of FIG. 30. A cross-sectional view of an LCD device, which reveals the terminal structure of a gate terminal section. Figure 2 9C is a cross-sectional view of an LCD device taken along the line 2 9 C-2 9 C 'in Figure 30, which reveals a source terminal section. Terminal structure. As shown in FIG. 2A, the TFT 57 is disposed on the insulating plate 51, and the transmission electrode 5 8a is disposed in the same layer as the TFT 57 gate 52 and the gate line (not shown). The drain electrode 5 9 c is connected to the reflective electrode 6 1 through the contact hole 6 3 in the interlayer insulating layer 60 and also connected to the transmission electrode 5 8 through one of the contact holes 6 3 provided in the gate insulating layer 5 4. a. -92- This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 ________ B7 V. Description of the invention (9Q) According to this structure 'after the transmission electrode 5 8a is made but at the reflective electrode 61 is completely made in the same pixel area as the transmissive electrode 58a, at least the transmissive electrode 5 8 a is covered with a gate and sloping edge layer 5 4. Therefore, due to the potential difference between the electrodes 5 8 a and 61 1 The generation of electro-corrupted surnames can be avoided. In the gate and source terminal sections shown in FIGS. 29B and 29C, one gate line (70, 5 3) and one source line 7 丨 are made on the same layer as the transmission electrode 58a, and are also covered with a gate insulation layer 5 4 and The interlayer insulating layer 60, according to which, the gate lines (70, 53) and the source line 71 are covered with an insulating layer 'until the reflective electrode 6 丨 is completely formed on the interlayer insulating layer 61', so different materials can be avoided The fabricated gate line 7 0+ 5 3 / source line 7 丨 and the reflective electrode 61 are electrically corroded. Please refer to FIGS. 31A to 31E and 32A to 32C. A method for manufacturing the LCD device in the eleventh example will be described in relation to the display section. As shown in FIG. 3A, a light is transmitted through the conductive layer and is patterned on the insulating plate 51 using light lithography to form a transmitting electrode 5 8a. In this example, the insulating plate is made of glass and transmitted. The electrode 58 is made of 1 to 0. The gate 5 2 and the gate line (not shown) are formed by forming a layer on the insulating plate 5 i and patterning the layer with a light lithographic printing. The gate 5 2 and the gate line are in this example. Made of an Is-containing material, but can also be made of other conductive materials, such as aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, copper or titanium. The gate electrode 5 2 and the gate wire can be made before passing through the electrode 5 8 a. As shown in FIG. 3B, the gate insulating layer 54 of silicon nitride (SiNx), the semiconductor layer 55 of a-So, and the P-doped n + -a-So layer for one of the semiconductor contact layers 56a and 56b depend on The sequence is made by CVD, and the drawing is made by light lithography. The contact hole 6 3 is provided in the gate insulating layer 5 4 so that the subsequent transmission of electricity -93- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 B7 V. Invention Explanation (91 ~~~ The pole 5 8 a and the drain electrode 5 9 c are connected to each other. On the gate terminal (as shown in Figure 2 9 B) and on the source terminal (see Figure 2 9 C) in the gate and source terminal section. The gate insulation layer 54 can be removed in the same step. Secondly, as shown in FIG. 3C, a conductive layer is made and printed with a light lithography to make source lines 5 9 a, source electrodes 5 9 b, and drains. Electrode 5 9 c, the conductive layer in this example is made of a complex material, but it can also be made of other conductive materials, such as Ming, Mo, Is, Town, Copper or “. Source 5 9 b And the drain electrode 5 9 c to be etched, thereby forming semiconductor contact layers 56a and 56b, thereby completing the TFT 57. As shown in FIG. 31B, the interlayer insulating layer 60 is made and the contact holes 63 are formed by light lithography. A part of the interlayer insulating layer 60 in the region τ in the interlayer and the sloping edge layer 60 is not removed in this step, but is removed after the reflective electrode 61 is made. As shown in 3 1 E, the surface of the interlayer insulating layer 60 is made into a wave shape by light lithography. In this example, the interlayer insulating layer 60 is made of a single layer of organic resin material, but it can also be made of multiple layers of different materials. The surface of the interlayer insulating layer 60 does not need to have a waveform. As shown in FIG. 32A, a conductive layer having a higher reflectivity is then formed on the surface of the interlayer insulating layer 60. ^ As shown in FIG. 32B, the conductive layer uses light stone Printing and drawing are used to make the reflective electrode 61, and the reflective electrode 61 is not formed at least in the area τ. As shown in FIG. A part of the gate insulating layer 54 in the region τ is also removed, and the insulating layer -94-

482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (92 54 and 60 are best removed from the region τ, because it will cause a voltage drop unnecessarily, so that no sufficient voltage is sent to the liquid crystal material, especially when a voltage is turned on by each other When the transmissive electrode 5 8 a and the reflective electrode 61 are applied through the liquid crystal material, the insulating layer in the region T causes a difference between the applied voltage of the region τ and the liquid crystal material in the region R. Accordingly, FIG. 2 9A The active array substrate shown is completed. A aligning layer is made on the active array substrate, and when necessary, the aligning layer is arranged, and then the active array substrate is merged with a counter electrode. A liquid crystal material is injected between the substrates. Within the gap, the L cd device in the eleventh example is completed. See Figures 3 A to 3 3 F. A method for making the gate terminal section will be explained. The gate terminal section can be the same as the display section. As shown in Fig. 3 3A, as one of the bottom layer of the gate wire 70, one of the light passes through the conductive layer and is formed on the insulating plate 51. In the same step, the electrode 5 8a (see Fig. 3) la) is made in the display section, one of the brake lines The layer 53 is made on the bottom layer 70, so the bottom layer 70 of the gate line and the top layer 5 3 are electrically connected to each other (corresponding to the step in FIG. 3A). As shown in FIG. 3B, the gate insulation layer 5 4 It is made on the gate line and the gate terminal (corresponding to the step of Fig. 3 1B), a part of the gate insulation layer 5 4 on the gate terminal is not removed in this step, but is removed later. TFT 57 Completed in the display section (as shown in Fig. 3 ic). As shown in Fig. 3 3C, the interlayer insulating layer 60 is made on the gate insulating layer 54 (corresponding to the step of Fig. 3 1D). As shown in Fig. 3 3 As shown in D, a conductive layer used for the reflective electrode 6 i is made at -95- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 _______ Β7 V. Description of the invention (93 ~ ^ &quot; On the interlayer insulation layer 60 (corresponding to the step of Figure 3 2 A). As shown in Figure 3 3 E, the conductive layer is drawn to form a reflective electrode 6 (Figure 32B) in the display section, according to As a result, a part of the conductive layer in the gate terminal section is removed. As shown in FIG. 33F, a part of the gate insulating layer 54 and a part of the interlayer insulating layer 60 provided on the gate terminal are removed. In addition, in the same step, part of the gate insulating layer 54 and the interlayer insulating layer 60 in the region τ are removed in the display section (as shown in FIG. 32C). As described above, in the gate terminal section and in the display section The terminals and gate lines are covered with gate insulation layer 54 and interlayer insulation layer 60 until the reflective electrode 61 is completely made. Therefore, electrical corrosion between gate terminals / gate lines and reflective electrode 61 made of different materials can be avoided The source terminal segment (as shown in Figure 29C) can be made in the same way as in the display segment, thus avoiding electric rot. In the display section, if the gate electrode 5 2 and the gate wire are made before passing through the electrode 5 8 a, electrical corrosion can be effectively avoided. Figure 3 4 A reveals a cross-sectional view of a gate terminal made in this way, and Figure 34B reveals a cross-sectional view of a source terminal made in this way. Both the gate line and the source have a gate or source material and a transmission material. Into a double-layer structure. In this structure, the gate and the source line are covered with at least one gate insulation layer until the reflective electrode is completely made, so that electric corrosion can be effectively avoided. (Example 1 2) After the steps shown in FIG. 3 1 C, the steps in FIGS. 3 5 a to 3 5 C can be used alternately, and electrical corrosion can be effectively avoided in this method. -96- This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 _______B7 V. Description of the invention (94) ^ ~ '' 'As shown in Figure 3 5 A, the interlayer insulation layer 6 〇 The contact hole 63 is made in the interlayer insulating layer 60 using light lithography. In the same step, a part of the interlayer insulating layer 60 in the region τ is removed, and the surface of the interlayer insulating layer 60 is made. Into a waveform. Secondly, as shown in FIG. 3B, a conductive layer is formed on the surface of the interlayer insulating layer 60. As shown in FIG. 3C, the conductive layer is patterned to facilitate the removal of its portion in the region τ, thereby forming a reflection. Electrode 6 1. According to this method, the transmission electrode 5 8 a is covered with the gate insulation electrode 5 4 until the reflection electrode 61 is completely made. Therefore, the electric corrosion between the reflection electrode 61 and the transmission electrode 5 8 a made of different materials is performed. Last names can be effectively avoided. However, in this method, the electrode 5 8a is covered only by the gate insulating layer 54. According to this, the methods described in FIGS. 31A to 3 1 E and 3 2 A to 3 2 C are more effective in preventing electrical corrosion. Since a part of the interlayer insulating layer 60 in the region T is removed in the same step as that of forming the contact hole 63, it can reduce the number of steps compared to the methods of FIGS. 31A to 31E and 32A to 32C. (Example 1 3) The following describes an electrode structure for matching the photoelectric characteristics in the reflection region and the transmission region in a transmissive and reflective LCD device according to the present invention. There are two methods for matching the photoelectric characteristics in the reflection region and the transmission region. (Ie, voltage-brightness characteristics). According to one of the methods, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflection area is changed from the thickness of the liquid crystal in the transmission area. According to another method, different voltage values are applied to the liquid crystal layer in the reflection area and the transmission area. . The method is explained with reference to FIG. 36, which schematically illustrates the LCD device of the present invention. -97- This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A7 —- _B7 V. Description of the invention (95) A cross-sectional view of a pixel region. An LCD device includes an inverse substrate including a filter, a color layer, and a transmissive electrode (reverse electrode), and another substrate including a reflective region 90R and a transmissive region 90T. Material 'and a liquid crystal layer interposed between two substrates. The transparent electrode is located near the liquid crystal layer, and the color filter layer is located outside the transparent electrode in relation to the liquid crystal layer. The reflection region 9 0 R and the transmission region 9 0 T are located near the liquid crystal layer. Needless to say, The color filter can be omitted. The reflection region 90R includes a transmission electrode 78 (such as ITO), a reflection layer 79 (such as Ming), and a transparent interlayer insulating layer 8 (such as a polymer resin) provided on the reflection layer 79. The transmission region 90T includes a transmission electrode 78. The liquid crystal layer thickness dr in the reflection region 90R and the liquid crystal thickness dt in the transmission region 90T can be independently adjusted by changing the thickness of the interlayer insulating layer 80 in each region. The light used for display in the transmissive region is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer of thickness dt once and the light used for display in the reflective region is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer of thickness d Γ. In order to match the retardation caused by the liquid crystal layer in the reflection region with the retardation caused by the liquid crystal layer in the transmission region, the thickness dt and dr should preferably be set to the relationship of dt = 2 dr. However, for display in the reflection region, The dotted line indicates that the light incident on the reflective layer 79 is also used, so the relationship of dt &gt; 2 dr is better. The second method will be described with reference to FIGS. 37A, 37B, 38A, and 38B. FIG. 37A is a cross-sectional view of a pixel region of the L CD device of the present invention, and FIG. 37B is a diagram illustrating the LCD device shown in FIG. 37A. Of photoelectric characteristics. As shown in FIG. 37A, the LCD device includes a reverse substrate including a transmissive electrode (reverse electrode), another substrate including a reflective region 90R and a transmissive region 90t, and a substrate interposed between the substrates. In the liquid crystal layer, the counter electrode is disposed near the liquid crystal layer, and the reflection region 90 R and the transmission region 9 0 T are disposed near the liquid crystal layer. -98- ^ Paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) &quot; &quot; 4

Binding

k 482917 A7 ___B7 _ 5. Description of the invention (96) The reflective region 90R includes a transmission electrode 88 (such as ITO), a reflective electrode (such as Ming), and a transparent interlayer insulation layer 100 (such as a polymer resin) provided on On the transmission layer 88, since the thickness of the reflective electrode 89 is smaller than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is approximately the same as that in the reflection region 9 0 R and the transmission region 9 0 T. According to this, the retardation caused by the liquid crystal layer is in The reflection region 90 R is different from the transmission region 90 T. As a result, the photoelectric characteristics in the reflection region 90R and the transmission region 90T are different as shown in FIG. 37B. This phenomenon will be described with reference to FIGS. 38A and 38B. FIG. 38A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pixel region of an LCD device, which is different from the LCD device shown in FIG. 37A in that the latter does not include an interlayer insulating layer. A diagram illustrating the photoelectric characteristics of the LCD device shown in FIG. 38A. In the LCD device shown in FIG. 38A, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is approximately the same in the reflection region 90R and the transmission region 90T. A same voltage value is formed by a transmission electrode 88 in the reflection region 90R and the transmission region 90T. a and a reflective electrode 8 9 a are applied to the liquid crystal layer, and accordingly, the I retardation caused by the liquid crystal layer is significantly different between the reflective region 9 0 R and the transmissive region 9 0 T. Therefore, the photoelectric characteristics are significantly different in the reflection mode and the transmission mode. In contrast, in the LCD device shown in FIG. 37A, the voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer through the interlayer insulating layer 100 through the transmissive electrode 88 in the transmissive region 90T, and the interlayer insulating layer 100 separates the capacitance, even when the same The voltage value is supplied to the transmissive electrode 88 and the reflective electrode 89 from a driving circuit (not shown). The voltage applied to the transmissive region 90T is smaller than the voltage applied to the reflective region 90R. Therefore, as shown in Figure 3 7B, the voltage-brightness curve in the transmission mode changes toward higher voltages, and is closer to the voltage-brightness curve in the reflection mode. From this, it can be seen that the voltage in the reflection mode and the transmission mode -Brightness characteristics can be adjusted by -99- This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) ------- ^-482917 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (97) The thickness and / or the dielectric constant of the interlayer insulating layer 100 are matched to each other. A structure in which the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the transmission region and the reflection region can be adjusted can also be applied to the electrode structure shown in FIG. 22. Other modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. According to this, the scope of the application is not intended to be limited to the foregoing description, but should be explained extensively. -100- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm)

Claims (1)

482917 A8 B8 C8 D8 范围 、 Scope of patent application 1. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first polarized light A device disposed on a surface of a first substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer; A second polarizer disposed on a surface of a second substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer; a first phase compensation element disposed between the first polarizer and the liquid crystal layer; and a second phase compensation An element disposed between the second polarizer and the liquid crystal layer; wherein a plurality of pixel regions are provided for display; the first substrate includes at least one transmissive electrode, and the second substrate includes a reflective electrode region and a transmissive electrode region, To correspond to each pixel area. 2. For example, the liquid crystal display device of the first patent application range, wherein each of the plurality of pixel areas has a reflection area for displaying with reflected light and a transmission area for displaying with transmitted light, and the reflection electrode area defines the reflection area and the transmission electrode. A zone defines a pass-through zone. 3. If the liquid crystal display device of the first patent application scope, wherein when one molecular axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is substantially perpendicular to the surfaces of the first and second substrates, the liquid crystal layer has a zero retardation value, In addition, the first phase compensation element and the second phase compensation element each have a delay value and satisfy the λ / 4 condition. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A8 B8 4 .: The liquid crystal display device of the second scope of the application for a patent, wherein the liquid crystal layer has -α retardation when the -molecular molecules in the liquid crystal layer are almost perpendicular to the surfaces of the first and second substrates. And the first phase compensation element has a retardation value and satisfies the λ / 4 · α condition. 5. If the liquid crystal display device of the second patent application range, wherein when the molecular axis of one of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is almost perpendicular to the surfaces of the first and second substrates, the liquid crystal layer has an alpha retardation value. And the first phase compensation element has a retardation value to satisfy the λ / 4_α condition, and the second phase compensation element has a retardation value to satisfy the / 4_ (々_ ") condition. # 6 · 如 petition for patent application The liquid crystal display device of item 丨, wherein the first phase compensation element and the second phase compensation element are each made of a λ / 4 wave plate, and one of the first polarizers forms an approximately 4 5 through the axis with the first phase compensation element. 'Degree angle' and one of the second polarizers forms an angle of about 45 degrees with the second phase compensation element through the axis. 7. The liquid crystal display device according to item 2 of the patent application scope, wherein the second phase compensation element consists of a λ / 4 wave plate, and one of the slower axes of the second phase compensation element matches a longer axis or a shorter axis of the elliptical polarized light passing through the liquid crystal layer and incident on the second phase compensation element. One of them is to convert elliptical polarized light into linearly polarized light, and a transmission axis of one of the second polarizers is perpendicular to a polarized axis of linearly polarized light. 8 · —A liquid crystal display device including: A substrate, including a transmissive electrode; -2- This paper size applies to Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) A BCD 482917 6. Application for a patent A second substrate, including a reflective electrode; A liquid crystal layer is interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and contains liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal layer exhibits negative anisotropy and is arranged in a vertical direction between the first substrate and the substrate when no voltage is applied. The surface of the second substrate; a polarizer provided on a surface of the first substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer; and a λ / 4 wave plate provided between the polarizer and the liquid crystal layer; wherein λ / 4 wave One of the plates forms an angle of about 45 degrees with the retarded axis and one of the polarizers through the axis. 9. For example, the liquid crystal display device of the patent application No. 8 further includes a phase compensation element disposed between the reflective electrode and the polarizer. 10. — — A liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate; a second substrate; and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and including liquid crystal molecules, which exhibit a negative induction of anisotropy. And is arranged on the surface of the first substrate and the second substrate in a vertical direction when no voltage is applied; a first polarizer is disposed on one surface of the first substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer; A second polarizer disposed on a surface of a second substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer; a first; an I / 4 wave plate disposed between the first polarizer and the liquid crystal layer; and a first Two; I / 4 wave plate, located between the second polarizer and the liquid crystal layer; where a plurality of pixel areas are provided for display; -3- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 male) (Centimeter) C8 D8 VI. Patent application scope The first substrate includes at least -transmissive electrode, and the second substrate includes -reflection area -transmission electrode area 'to correspond to each pixel area, and Leyi and the second Λ / 4 wave plate The slower axis is in the same direction, and forms an angle of about 45 degrees with each transmission axis of the first and second polarizers. 1L, the liquid crystal display device with the patent scope item 10, wherein each of the plurality of pixel areas has a reflective area for display using reflected light and a transmission area for display using transmitted light, and the reflective electrode area defines the reflective area and The transmission electrode area defines a transmission area. 12. For example, the liquid crystal display device of the scope of application for patent No. 10, further comprising at least one phase compensation element disposed between the first polarizer and the second polarizer. 13. The liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the liquid crystal layer further includes a polarization-rotating dopant. 14. The liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the liquid crystal layer has a twist direction of about 90 degrees. 15. Such as the scope of patent application! In the liquid crystal display device of the item, the first polarizer and the second polarizer have transmission axes perpendicular to each other, and the first phase compensation element and the second phase compensation element have relatively slow axis lines that are perpendicular to each other. 16. The liquid crystal display device according to item i of the application, wherein the first phase compensating element converts linearly polarized light from the first polarizer into circularly polarized light, and the second phase compensating element is from the second polarizer. The linearly polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light. The liquid crystal display device further includes a third phase compensation element disposed between the first polarizer and the liquid crystal layer to compensate for the wave of the anisotropy of the refractive index of the first phase compensation element. 4- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A8 Long dependence. 17. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 16 in which the third phase compensation f element is a λ / 2 wave plate, and when one of the first polarizers passes through the axis 2 and one of the third phase compensation elements slows down the axis When an angle of ^ 1 is formed, the transmission axis of the first polarizer forms a 2 τ * 1 + 4 5 degree angle with a slower axis of one of the first phase compensation elements. 18. · If the liquid crystal display device of the patent application No. 16 is applied, it further includes a first-position compensation element disposed between the second polarizer and the liquid crystal layer, and the refractive index anisotropy of the second phase compensation element is compensated. Wavelength dependence. 19. The liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 18, wherein the fourth phase compensation element is a -λ / 2 wave plate, and when the transmission axis of the second polarizer and one of the fourth phase compensation elements are delayed, the axis is formed. — 2 angles, the transmission axis of the second polarizer forms a 2 7 2 + 45 degree angle with the slower axis of one of the second phase compensation elements. 20. For example, the liquid crystal display device of the eighth aspect of the patent application, wherein the transmission axis of the first polarizer is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the second polarizer, and one of the first phase compensation elements is perpendicular to the second phase. The slower axis of the compensation element, and the slower axis of one of the third phase compensation elements is perpendicular to the slower axis of the fourth phase compensation element. 21 · —A liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate; a substrate and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210 X 297 mm) Loading · π A8 B8 C8 The plurality of pixel areas are provided for display. Each of the plurality of pixel areas has a reflection area for displaying by reflected light and a transmission area for displaying using transmitted light. The first substrate includes a counter electrode disposed near the liquid crystal layer. The base material includes a plurality of gate lines near the liquid crystal layer, a plurality of source lines perpendicular to the plurality of gate lines, an I-number switching element located near the intersection of the plurality of question lines and the plurality of source lines, and has a high light transmission efficiency. The conductive layer and a second conductive layer having a high light reflection efficiency. The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are connected to each switching element, are connected to each other and are disposed in each pixel region. 22. The liquid crystal display device of claim 21, further comprising an insulating layer disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. 23. For the liquid crystal display device according to the second patent application, wherein the second substrate further comprises a third conductive layer, and the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are connected to each other through the second conductive layer. 24. For the liquid crystal display device of the scope of application for item No. 23, one of the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer and the third conductive layer is the same as one of a plurality of gates or a plurality of source electrodes. Made of materials. 25. The liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 22, wherein the insulating layer has a wave-shaped surface provided below the second conductive layer. "26 · —A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, including a first substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;- 6 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) Qin · A B c D 482917 The middle and plural pixel areas are provided for display. Each of the plurality of pixel areas has a reflective area for displaying with reflected light and a transmission area for displaying with transmitted light. The first substrate includes a counter electrode disposed near the liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes a plurality of gate lines near the liquid crystal layer, a plurality of source lines perpendicular to the plurality of gate lines, a plurality of switching elements disposed near the intersection of the plurality of gate lines and the plurality of source lines, and has one of high light transmission efficiency. A first conductive layer and a second conductive layer having a high light reflection efficiency. The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are connected to each switching element, are connected to each other and are disposed in each pixel region, and an insulating layer is disposed on Between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, the method includes the following steps: making a first conductive layer on a board; making an insulating layer at least on the first conductive layer; making a second conductive layer on the insulation Layer; and partially removing a second conductive layer formed on the first conductive layer. 2 7 · The method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to item 26 of the patent application, further comprising the following steps: forming a third conductive layer on a connection area, that is, on at least the first conductive layer, so as to facilitate The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are connected to each other through the third conductive layer; an insulating layer is made; and the insulating layer is partially removed on the connection area to facilitate the connection between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. 2 8 · If item 26 of the scope of patent application is used to manufacture a liquid crystal display device, the paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) 482917 A BCD VI. Patent application method, wherein the step of partially removing the insulating layer includes the step of removing the insulating layer on an area of the first conductive layer. 29. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a liquid crystal layer, a polarization modulation element and a phase difference compensation element respectively provided on both sides of the liquid crystal layer; and a plurality of pixel fields for displaying; characterized in that: one surface of the liquid crystal layer In each of the above-mentioned pixel fields, a reflective electrode field and a transmissive electrode field are respectively provided. On the first liquid crystal layer facing the reflective electrode field and the second liquid crystal layer facing the transmissive electrode field, the retardation in the direction of the observer is substantially When it is zero, the polarization direction of light emitted from the first and second liquid crystal layers toward the observer is set to be orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarization modulation element on the observer side. -8- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 x 297 mm)