M279101 九、新型說明： 【新型所屬之技術領域】 -種柔性啟動裝置，尤指―種使用於電源供應器中，可 使電源供應n啟動時之切換減輸出漸增之脈波寬度的柔性 啟動裝置。 、 【先前技術】 =種的電源供應态已經廣泛地使用來提供穩定調整的輪 #出私壓。請芩考第一圖，係為習知電源供應器之電路方塊示 思圖。習知電源供應器包含切換式電路3〇、切換式控制器1〇、 輸出電感L、輸出電容〇1、分壓電阻(由電阻心與電阻心組 成）、補償網路(由補償電阻I與補償電容C2組成）。該切換式 控制器10的輸出端0UT輸出一切換訊號VpwM，用以控制該 切換式電路30中功率開關之切換動作，進而於電源供應器之 輸出端得到穩定調整的輸出電壓V〇。 _ 該切換式控制器1〇包含比較器162、振盪器168、D型 正反态166與疾差放大器16〇。其中振盈器168用以產生鑛齒 波電壓vSAW，該鋸齒波電壓VsAW可以決定切換訊號VpwM之 切換頻率。誤差放大器160的正端連接至參考電壓Vref，負 &連接至電源供應器之迴授端FB，係接收回授訊號vFB。誤 差放大器160係根據參考電壓Vref與回授訊號vFB用以輸出 補偵訊號VC0N1。比較器162連接至振盈器168與誤差放大器 160係接收鑛齒波訊〗虎Vsaw與補償訊5虎Vc〇m，經由比較運 算後再透過D型正反器166的邏輯運算，係輸出切換訊號 5 M279101 vPWM，並決定該切換訊號VpwM的脈波寬度。 。配°第目’打考第二圖，係為習知電源供應器在啟 動瞬間之各點㈣波形示意圖。在電源供應器啟動時，電源 供應器之迴授端FB接收到之回授訊號Vfb極小，因此，誤差 放=器160輸出很大的補償訊號Vc〇m，比較器162將报大的 補償訊號vCOM與鋸齒波電壓Vsaw進行比較運算後，再透過 D型正反器166的邏輯運算，係輸出極大脈波寬度的切換訊 φ唬VPWM。換句話說，在啟動瞬間並且輸出電壓尚未建立的過 耘中，切換吼號vPWM的脈波寬度為最大值，而輸出電壓建立 所需之時間越長，將對功率開關造成很大的電壓與電流應力。 【新型内容】 有鑑於此，本創作一種柔性啟動裝置，使用於電源供應 器中，係於電源供應裔啟動時輸出一補償訊號到一脈寬調變 控制器，該脈寬調變控制器輸出切換訊號的脈波寬度會以漸 鲁增之狀態產生，係由初始值逐漸增加到設定值，並於啟動完 成後依據負載狀態予以調整，如此可用來避免功率開關在開 機瞬間造成很大的電壓與電流應力。 本創作所揭示之柔性啟動裝置，係於電源供應器開機 時，使用一第一電源對一啟動電容進行充電，並於啟動電容 上建立一參考電壓；一穩壓單元之第一輸入端接收一内建參 考電壓，第二輸入端連接至第一輸出端與該啟動電容，該穩 壓單元具有開没極(open-drain)或開集極(open-collect)的輸出 6 M279101 結構，使得該啟動電容上之參考電壓得以穩定仙建參考電 .壓内；-誤差放大ilH輪_連減啟钱容與第一 輸出端，係接收該參考電壓，其1四輸人端連接到電源供 應益之回授端，以接收-回授訊號，其—第二輸出端連接至 該脈寬調變控制器，用以輪出該補償訊號。 當電源供應器開機瞬間’該第_電源對該啟動電容進行 充電係充電到轉考電壓，使得該補償⑽銳著該參考電壓 #的緩慢上升而逐漸增加’因而使得切換訊號的脈波寬度由初 始值逐漸增加到設定值，以達到紐啟制目的。並於啟動 完成後依據貞載狀態予以調整，如此可絲避免功率開關在 開機瞬間造成很大的電壓與電流應力。 要注思的是，以上的概述與接下來的詳細說明皆為示範 性質，是為了進-步說明本創作的申請專利顧。而有關本 紹乍的八他目的與優點，將在後續的說明與圖示加以闊述。 _ 【實施方式】 明參考第二@ ’係為本創作柔性啟動裝置使用於電源供 ^ 電路示忍圖。柔性啟動裝置40係連接於一脈寬調變控 制5〇與電源供應裔之回授端FB。其中回授端fb透過分壓 電阻(由電阻Ri與電阻&組成)連接至輸出電壓V〇。 復參考第三圖，本創作柔性啟動裝置4〇包含有一第一電 源407 啟動電容Css、一穩壓單元406與一誤差放大器 4〇2。其中第一電源4〇7連接至啟動電容Css，並對啟動電容 7 M279101 css進行充電，並於該啟動電容上建立一參考電壓vREF。穩壓 單元406利用其第一輸入端（+ )接收内建參考電壓vR，並第 二輸入端（一）連接至第一輸出端與啟動電容Css以形成一單位 增ϋ緩衝器’该穩壓早元406具有開沒極(〇pen-drain)或開集 極(open-collect)的輸出結構，進而將啟動電容css上之參考電 壓VREF穩定在内建參考電壓vR之内。 誤差放大器402之第三輸入端（+ )連接至啟動電容Css與 第一輸出端，其第四輸入端（一）連接到電源供應器之回授端 FB，其第二輸出端連接至脈寬調變控制器5〇，誤差放大器4〇2 將參考電壓VREF與回授訊號Vfb之誤差放大，用以輸出補償 訊號Vc〇M。 上述S兒明中，在電源供應器啟動瞬間，誤差放大器4犯 第三輸入端（+)接收之參考電壓Vref係會隨著啟動電容css 上之充電電驗漸上升’當其上升助建參考電壓VR時即進 入，常狀態。也就是說，在啟動瞬間，連接到啟動電容Css 的第二輸人端（+)與連接到電源供應器之回授端FB的第四輸 入端（一）’兩者之電壓皆為零伏，使得誤差放大器402的輸出 電壓準位與補償訊號\_的電鮮狀初始值也為零伏。 ;復參考第三圖’該第—電源術係為—電流源，用以對 該啟動電容css提供充電電流。在電源供應驗動瞬間，該啟 動電容CSS的龍騎场，紐動餘Css係可藉由本 容值用以關其啟_間。較大電容值的啟㈣容css將增加 8 M279101 啟動時間，進而可以降低功率開關的電壓與電流額定。因此， 藉由合輯選擇該啟動電容Css的電容值，使得啟動瞬間所造 成的延遲時間能在適當的範圍内。 復參考第三圖，該脈寬調變控制器5〇包括振盈器5〇4、 比較态502及D型正反器5〇6。其中該振盪器5〇4用以產生 一上限為咼臨界電壓vTH2、下限為低臨界電壓Vthi的鋸齒波 電壓VSAW。比較器502的正端（+ )連接至誤差放大器4〇2的 •第二輸出端，其負端（―）連接至振盪器504，係同時接收比較 運算補償_¥_赫倾婦bVs，運算結糊傳送到d 型正反器506，透過D型正反器5〇6的邏輯運算，係輸出並 決定切換訊號VPWM的脈波寬度。 配合第二圖，參考第四圖，係為本創作在啟動瞬間之各 點訊號波形示意圖。電源供應器開機時的啟動瞬間，配合啟 動電谷css的充電，在啟動電容css上的參考電壓vREF由零 Φ伏開始上升。由於穩壓單元406為單位增益緩衝器，該穩壓 單元406具有開汲極(open_drain)或開集極(〇pen_c〇llect)的輸 出結構，因此參考電壓VREF的最大值會被穩定在内建參考電 壓vR。參考電壓vREF會逐漸從零伏開始往上升，誤差放大器 402的第三輸入端（+ )則隨著參考電壓Vref逐漸上升，讓其輸 出的補償訊號VC0M也跟著逐漸從零伏開始增加。在啟動電容 css的充電過程中，切換訊號VpWM的脈波寬度由初始值開始 慢慢增加，直到參考電壓VREF達到内建參考電壓Vr，此時的 脈波寬度達到設定值，並於啟動完成後依據負載狀態予以調 9 M279101 整’因而達到柔性啟動。 請參考第五圖，係為本創作穩壓單元之電路示意圖。該 穩壓單元406透過第一輸入端（+ )、第二輸入端（一）及第一輸 出端來與外界電路連接，其内部包括有由電晶體4061、4062、 4063及4064所組成的一差動對輸入放大器（differential-pair input amplifier)、電流源4060、電阻4065、電容4066與輸出 電晶體4067。其中差動對輸入放大器連接至電流源4〇6〇，並 • 透過第一輸入端（+ )與第二輸入端（一）接收一差動對輸入訊 號用以產生一輸出訊號V〇UT。輸出電晶體4067之閘極端連 接至差動對輸入放大器，係接收該輸出訊號ν〇υτ以產生放大 汛號’即為該參考電壓Vref。輸出電晶體4〇67之汲極端連接 至4第一輸出端’其源極端連接至接地端。輸出電晶體4〇67 的閘極端與汲極端連接有一 RC電路即電阻4〇65與電容 4066，用以提供補償的作用。該輸出電晶體4〇67的該汲極端 φ連接到"亥穩壓單元406的第一輸出端，用以提供開汲極 (open-drain)或開集極(0pen_c〇uect)的輸出結構。 復參考第三圖，其中本創作更包含有第一開關4〇5連接 於錢動f容Css與接地端。當㈣供應^未提供輸出功率 時’根據回授訊?虎Vfb之電壓準位，用以輸出重置訊號rst 以才工制第開關405導通，進而對啟動電容Css進行放電以達 到啟動重置之目的。另有第二電源4〇8透過第二開關彻連 接至啟動電容Css，係根據第二開關403之切換，用以提供放 M279101 電電流對啟動電容css進行放電。第二開_4G3之切換係受控 於保護訊號PTN。當電縣應器發生過功率、贿與過電壓 時，根據回授訊號vFB之電壓準位，用以輪出保護訊號ρτΝ， 並對啟動電容Css進行放電，以達到保護之目的。 綜上所述，本創作一種柔性啟動裝置，係使用於電源供 應器中，並於電源供應器啟動時輸出補償訊號到脈寬調變控 制為，該脈寬調變控制器輸出切換訊號的脈波寬度會以漸增 之狀態產生，係由初始值（即為零伏的電壓）逐漸增加到設 定值，並於啟動完成後依據負載狀態予以調整，如此可用來 避免功率開關在開機瞬間造成很大的電壓與電流應力。 惟，以上所述，僅為本創作最佳之一的具體實施例之詳 、、、田U兒明與圖式，惟本創作之特徵並不侷限於此，並非用以限 制本創作’本創作之所有範圍應以下述之申請專利範圍為 凡a於本幻作申睛專利範圍之精神與其類似變化之實施 例，皆應包含於本創作之範疇中，任何熟悉該項技藝者在本 創作之領域内，可輕易思及之變化或修飾皆可涵蓋在以下本 案之專利範圍。 11 M279101 【圖式簡單說明】： 第二圖為習知電源供應器在啟動瞬間 第一圖為習知電源供應ϋ之電路方塊示意圖； 圖； 第三圖為本創作柔性啟動裝置使用於電源供 圖； 之各點訊號波形示意 應器之電路示意 第四圖為本創作在啟動瞬間之各點訊號波形示意圖；及 弟五圖為本創作穩壓單元之電路示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10切換式控制器 160誤差放大器 162比較器 166D型正反器 168振盪器 30切換式電路 ® 4〇柔性啟動裝置 402誤差放大器 403第二開關 405第一開關 406穩壓單元 4060電流源 4061、4062、4063、4064 電晶體 4065電阻 12 M279101 4066電容 4067輸出電晶體 407第一電源 408第二電源 50脈寬調變控制器 502比較器 504振盪器 鲁 506 D型正反器 Ri、R2電阻 R3補償電阻 (^輸出電容 〇2補償電容 L輸出電感 Css啟動電容M279101 IX. Description of new models: [Technical field to which new models belong]-A flexible starter, especially-a flexible starter that can be used in a power supply to enable the switching of the power supply n at startup and reduce the increasing pulse width of the output. Device. [Previous technology]: A variety of power supply states have been widely used to provide stable adjustment of wheels. Please consider the first diagram, which is a schematic diagram of the circuit block of the conventional power supply. The conventional power supply includes a switching circuit 30, a switching controller 10, an output inductor L, an output capacitor 01, a voltage dividing resistor (composed of a resistor core and a resistor core), and a compensation network (composed of a compensation resistor I and Compensation capacitor C2). The output terminal OUT of the switching controller 10 outputs a switching signal VpwM, which is used to control the switching action of the power switch in the switching circuit 30, so as to obtain a stably adjusted output voltage V0 at the output terminal of the power supply. _ The switching controller 10 includes a comparator 162, an oscillator 168, a D-type forward and reverse state 166, and a difference amplifier 16. The vibrator 168 is used to generate the ore tooth wave voltage vSAW, and the sawtooth wave voltage VsAW can determine the switching frequency of the switching signal VpwM. The positive terminal of the error amplifier 160 is connected to the reference voltage Vref, and the negative terminal is connected to the feedback terminal FB of the power supply, which receives the feedback signal vFB. The error amplifier 160 is used to output the complementary detection signal VC0N1 according to the reference voltage Vref and the feedback signal vFB. The comparator 162 is connected to the vibrator 168 and the error amplifier 160 to receive the tooth wave signal. Tiger Vsaw and compensation signal 5 Tiger Vcm. After the comparison operation, the logic operation of the D-type flip-flop 166 is used to switch the output. Signal 5 M279101 vPWM and determines the pulse width of the switching signal VpwM. . Matching the second item is to test the second picture, which is a schematic diagram of the waveforms of various points of the conventional power supply at the instant of starting. When the power supply is started, the feedback signal Vfb received by the feedback end FB of the power supply is extremely small. Therefore, the error amplifier 160 outputs a large compensation signal Vc0m, and the comparator 162 reports a large compensation signal. After the vCOM is compared with the sawtooth voltage Vsaw, the logic operation of the D-type flip-flop 166 is used to output a switching signal φVPWM with a maximum pulse width. In other words, during the instant of startup and the output voltage has not yet been established, the pulse width of the switching roar vPWM is the maximum, and the longer the time required for the output voltage to be established, the greater the voltage and voltage of the power switch. Current stress. [New content] In view of this, this invention creates a flexible starting device, which is used in a power supply. It outputs a compensation signal to a pulse width modulation controller when the power supply starts. The pulse width modulation controller outputs The pulse width of the switching signal will be generated in a gradually increasing state, which gradually increases from the initial value to the set value, and is adjusted according to the load status after the startup is completed. This can be used to avoid the power switch causing a large voltage at the moment of startup. With current stress. The flexible startup device disclosed in this creation uses a first power source to charge a startup capacitor when the power supply is turned on, and establishes a reference voltage on the startup capacitor; a first input terminal of a voltage stabilization unit receives a Built-in reference voltage, the second input terminal is connected to the first output terminal and the startup capacitor. The voltage regulator unit has an open-drain or open-collector output 6 M279101 structure, making the The reference voltage on the starting capacitor stabilizes Xianjian's reference voltage. Within the voltage;-error amplification ilH wheel _ connected to the first output terminal and the first output terminal to receive the reference voltage, its input terminal is connected to the power supply. The feedback end receives a feedback signal, and its second output end is connected to the pulse width modulation controller for rotating out the compensation signal. When the power supply is turned on at the moment, the first power supply charges the startup capacitor to the transfer test voltage, so that the compensation gradually increases with the slow rise of the reference voltage #, and thus the pulse width of the switching signal is changed by The initial value is gradually increased to the set value in order to achieve the purpose of New Zealand system. It is adjusted according to the state of load after the startup is completed, so that the power switch can avoid causing great voltage and current stress at the moment of starting. It should be noted that the above summary and the following detailed description are exemplary in nature, and are intended to further explain the patent application for this creation. The eight goals and advantages of Ben Sho Cha will be described in the following description and illustration. _ [Embodiment] The reference to the second @ ′ is a circuit diagram of the power supply for the creative flexible starting device. The flexible starting device 40 is connected to a pulse width modulation control 50 and a feedback terminal FB of the power supply. The feedback terminal fb is connected to the output voltage V through a voltage dividing resistor (composed of a resistor Ri and a resistor &). Referring again to the third figure, the creative flexible starting device 40 includes a first power source 407 starting capacitor Css, a voltage stabilizing unit 406 and an error amplifier 402. The first power source 407 is connected to the startup capacitor Css, charges the startup capacitor 7 M279101 css, and establishes a reference voltage vREF on the startup capacitor. The voltage stabilizing unit 406 uses its first input terminal (+) to receive the built-in reference voltage vR, and the second input terminal (a) is connected to the first output terminal and the startup capacitor Css to form a unit boost buffer. The early element 406 has an output structure of open-drain or open-collect, and further stabilizes the reference voltage VREF on the startup capacitor css within the built-in reference voltage vR. The third input terminal (+) of the error amplifier 402 is connected to the startup capacitor Css and the first output terminal, its fourth input terminal (a) is connected to the feedback terminal FB of the power supply, and its second output terminal is connected to the pulse width The modulation controller 50 and the error amplifier 402 amplify the error between the reference voltage VREF and the feedback signal Vfb to output the compensation signal VcOM. In the above Sing Ming, at the moment when the power supply is started, the reference voltage Vref received by the error amplifier 4 at the third input terminal (+) will gradually increase with the charging test on the starting capacitor css. The voltage VR enters the normal state. In other words, at the moment of startup, the voltage of the second input terminal (+) connected to the startup capacitor Css and the fourth input terminal (a) connected to the feedback terminal FB of the power supply are zero volts. , So that the initial value of the output voltage level of the error amplifier 402 and the electrical state of the compensation signal \ _ are also zero volts. Refer to the third figure again. The first power source is a current source, which is used to provide charging current to the starting capacitor css. At the moment when the power supply is checked, the starting capacitor Css of the starting capacitor CSS can be used to close its starting time by this capacitance value. A larger capacitance value of the starting capacitance css will increase the startup time of the M279101, which can reduce the voltage and current ratings of the power switch. Therefore, the capacitance value of the startup capacitor Css is selected by the compilation, so that the delay time caused by the startup instant can be within an appropriate range. Referring again to the third figure, the pulse width modulation controller 50 includes an oscillator 504, a comparison state 502, and a D-type flip-flop 506. The oscillator 504 is used to generate a sawtooth voltage VSAW with an upper limit of 咼 threshold voltage vTH2 and a lower limit of low threshold voltage Vthi. The positive terminal (+) of the comparator 502 is connected to the second output terminal of the error amplifier 402, and the negative terminal (-) of the comparator 502 is connected to the oscillator 504, which simultaneously receives the comparison operation compensation _ ¥ _ 赫 dumping bVs. The paste is transmitted to the d-type flip-flop 506, and the logic operation of the D-type flip-flop 506 is used to output and determine the pulse width of the switching signal VPWM. Cooperating with the second picture and referring to the fourth picture, it is a schematic diagram of signal waveforms at various points of the moment of the creation of this creation. At the start-up moment when the power supply is turned on, in conjunction with the charging of the startup valley css, the reference voltage vREF on the startup capacitor css starts to rise from zero Φ volts. Since the voltage stabilizing unit 406 is a unity gain buffer, the voltage stabilizing unit 406 has an open-drain or open-collector output structure, so the maximum value of the reference voltage VREF will be stabilized in the built-in Reference voltage vR. The reference voltage vREF will gradually increase from zero volts, and the third input terminal (+) of the error amplifier 402 will gradually increase with the reference voltage Vref, so that the output compensation signal VCOM will gradually increase from zero volts. During the charging of the startup capacitor css, the pulse width of the switching signal VpWM gradually increases from the initial value until the reference voltage VREF reaches the built-in reference voltage Vr, and the pulse width at this time reaches the set value, and after the startup is completed Adjust it according to the load status. M279101 is adjusted to achieve flexible start. Please refer to the fifth figure, which is a schematic circuit diagram of this creative voltage regulator unit. The voltage stabilizing unit 406 is connected to an external circuit through a first input terminal (+), a second input terminal (1), and a first output terminal. The voltage regulator unit 406 includes a transistor 4061, 4062, 4063, and 4064. A differential-pair input amplifier, a current source 4060, a resistor 4065, a capacitor 4066, and an output transistor 4067. The differential pair input amplifier is connected to the current source 406, and • A differential pair input signal is received through the first input terminal (+) and the second input terminal (1) to generate an output signal VOUT. The gate terminal of the output transistor 4067 is connected to the differential pair input amplifier, which receives the output signal νουτ to generate an amplified signal, which is the reference voltage Vref. The drain terminal of the output transistor 4067 is connected to the first output terminal 4 and its source terminal is connected to the ground terminal. The gate and drain terminals of the output transistor 4067 are connected with an RC circuit, namely a resistor 4065 and a capacitor 4066, to provide compensation. The drain terminal φ of the output transistor 467 is connected to the first output terminal of the " Hio regulator unit 406, and is used to provide an open-drain or open-collector (0pen_couect) output structure. . Referring again to the third figure, this creation further includes a first switch 405 connected to the Qiandong capacitor Css and the ground terminal. When “supply output power is not provided” according to the feedback level of the Tiger Vfb voltage level, it is used to output the reset signal rst to turn on the switch 405, and then discharge the startup capacitor Css to achieve the startup reset. Purpose. In addition, the second power source 408 is completely connected to the starting capacitor Css through the second switch, which is switched according to the switching of the second switch 403, and is used to provide an electric current of M279101 to discharge the starting capacitor css. The second on_4G3 switching is controlled by the protection signal PTN. When over power, bribe and over voltage occur in Dianxian reactor, it is used to turn out the protection signal ρτΝ according to the voltage level of the feedback signal vFB and discharge the starting capacitor Css to achieve the purpose of protection. In summary, a flexible starting device is used in the power supply and outputs a compensation signal to the pulse width modulation control when the power supply starts. The pulse width modulation controller outputs a pulse of the switching signal. The wave width will be generated in an increasing state, which gradually increases from the initial value (that is, the voltage of zero volts) to the set value, and is adjusted according to the load status after the startup is completed. This can be used to avoid the power switch causing a very High voltage and current stress. However, the above is only a detailed description of one of the best specific examples of this creation. Tian U Erming and the drawings, but the characteristics of this creation are not limited to this, and are not intended to limit this creation. All the scope of the creation should be based on the scope of the patent application described below. Any embodiment of the spirit and similar changes in the scope of the patent application of this fantasy work should be included in the scope of this creation. Anyone who is familiar with the art in this creation In the field, changes or modifications that can be easily considered can be covered by the patent scope of the following case. 11 M279101 [Schematic description]: The second picture is the circuit diagram of the conventional power supply at the instant of start. The first picture is the circuit block diagram of the conventional power supply. The third picture is the creative starter used in the power supply. Figure; the signal waveform of each point indicates the circuit diagram of the reactor; the fourth figure is the schematic diagram of the signal waveform at each point of the creation; and the fifth figure is the circuit schematic of the voltage stabilization unit of the creation. [Description of main component symbols] 10 switching controller 160 error amplifier 162 comparator 166D type flip-flop 168 oscillator 30 switching circuit ® 4 flexible starter 402 error amplifier 403 second switch 405 first switch 406 voltage stabilization unit 4060 current source 4061, 4062, 4063, 4064 transistor 4065 resistor 12 M279101 4066 capacitor 4067 output transistor 407 first power source 408 second power source 50 pulse width modulation controller 502 comparator 504 oscillator Lu 506 D type flip-flop Ri, R2 resistor, R3 compensation resistor (^ output capacitor, 0 compensation capacitor, L output inductor, Css startup capacitor