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US20030113375A1 - Pharmaceutical formulation and process - Google Patents

Pharmaceutical formulation and process Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030113375A1
US20030113375A1 US10/235,392 US23539202A US2003113375A1 US 20030113375 A1 US20030113375 A1 US 20030113375A1 US 23539202 A US23539202 A US 23539202A US 2003113375 A1 US2003113375 A1 US 2003113375A1
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alkaline
dosage form
enteric coating
core material
form according
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US10/235,392
Inventor
Per Johan Lundberg
Kurt Lovgren
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AstraZeneca AB
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AstraZeneca AB
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Priority to US10/235,392 priority Critical patent/US20030113375A1/en
Publication of US20030113375A1 publication Critical patent/US20030113375A1/en
Priority to US10/693,317 priority patent/US20040234594A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/444—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4184—1,3-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4188—1,3-Diazoles condensed with other heterocyclic ring systems, e.g. biotin, sorbinil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1617—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
    • A61K9/2077—Tablets comprising drug-containing microparticles in a substantial amount of supporting matrix; Multiparticulate tablets
    • A61K9/2081—Tablets comprising drug-containing microparticles in a substantial amount of supporting matrix; Multiparticulate tablets with microcapsules or coated microparticles according to A61K9/50
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A61K9/2806—Coating materials
    • A61K9/2833—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/286—Polysaccharides, e.g. gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2866—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A61K9/2886—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating having two or more different drug-free coatings; Tablets of the type inert core-drug layer-inactive layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
    • A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/5026—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5073—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5073—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings
    • A61K9/5078—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings with drug-free core
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to new pharmaceutical formulations comprising acid labile heterocyclic compounds with gastric inhibitory effect, in the following referred to as proton pump inhibitors.
  • the new formulations are intended for oral use.
  • the present invention refers to a new method for the manufacture of such a formulation and, the use of the new formulations in medicine.
  • N in the benzimidazole moiety means that one of the carbon atoms substituted by R 6 -R 9 optionally may be exchanged for a nitrogen atom without any substituents;
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy optionally substituted by fluorine, alkylthio, alikoxyalkoxy, dialkylamino, piperidino, morpholino, halogen, phenyl and phenylalkoxy;
  • R 4 and R 5 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, alkyl and aralkyl
  • R′ 6 is hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, alkyl and alkoxy
  • R 6 -R 9 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, halo-alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, oxazolyl tifluoroalkyl, or adjacent groups R 6 -R 9 form ring structures which may be further substituted;
  • R 10 is hydrogen or fonts an alkylene chain together with R 3 and
  • R 11 and R 12 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, halogen or alkyl and alkyl groups, alkoxy groups and moities thereof may be branched and straight C 1 -C 9 -chains or comprise cyclic alkyl groups, for example cycloalkylalkyl.
  • the proton pump inhibitors used in the dosage forms of the invention may be used in neutral form or in the form of an alkaline salt, such as for instance the Mg 2+ ,Ca 2+ , Na + , K + or Li + salts, preferably the Mg 2+ salts.
  • an alkaline salt such as for instance the Mg 2+ ,Ca 2+ , Na + , K + or Li + salts, preferably the Mg 2+ salts.
  • the compounds listed above may be used in racemic form or in the form of a substantially pure enantiomer thereof, or alkaline salts of the racemates or the single enantiomers.
  • Suitable proton pump inhibitors are for example disclosed in EP-A1-0005129, EP-A1-174 726, EP-A1-166 287, GB 2 163 747 and WO90/06925, WO91/19711, WO91/19712, and further especially suitable compounds are described in WO94/27988 and WO95/01977.
  • proton pump inhibitors are, as already mentioned, useful for inhibiting gastric acid secretion in mammals and man.
  • they may be used for prevention and treatment of gastric-acid related diseases in mammals and man, including e.g. reflux esophagitis, gastritis, duodenitis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.
  • gastric acid inhibitory effect is desirable e.g. in patients on NSAID therapy, in patients with Non Ulcer Dyspepsia, in patients with symptomatic gastro-esophageal reflux disease, and in patients with gastrinomas.
  • They may also be used in patients in intensive care situations, in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, pre- and postoperatively to prevent aspiration of gastric acid and to prevent and treat stress ulceration. Further, they may be useful in the treatment of Helicobacter infections and diseases related to these.
  • proton pump inhibitors are, however, susceptible to degradation/transformation in acidic reacting and neutral media.
  • the degradation is catalyzed by acidic reacting compounds and the proton pump inhibitors are usually stabilized in mixtures with alkaline reacting compounds.
  • a pharmaceutical dosage form of these proton pump inhibitors is best protected from contact with acidic gastric juice by an enteric coating layer.
  • enteric coated preparations of different acid labile substances are described. Said preparations contain an alkaline core material comprising the active substance, a separating layer and an enteric coating layer.
  • ordinary enteric coating layers comprise compounds which contain acidic groups. If covered with such an enteric coating layer, the acid labile substance may rapidly decompose by direct or indirect contact with the acidic groups resulting in discoloration of the content and loss in content of the active compound with the passage of time. The discoloration can be avoided by applying some type of separating layer between the core material comprising the susceptible proton pump inhibitor and the enteric coating layer.
  • a new pharmaceutical dosage form is provided in the form of an enteric coated tablet.
  • individually enteric coated units are prepared and filled into a capsule, a sachet or included in a tableted multiple unit dosage form.
  • the present invention is characterized by the presence of a separating layer between an alkaline reacting core material comprising a pharmaceutically active acid labile substance and an enteric coating layer, wherein the separating layer comprises a water soluble salt of an enteric coating polymer.
  • the present invention provides a process for the manufacture of two functionally different layers in one manufacturing step.
  • a separating layer comprising a water soluble salt of an enteric coating polymer is obtained, as well as the enteric coating layer itself.
  • the present invention simplifies the preparation of enteric coated articles comprising a separating layer between a core material and an enteric coating layer by providing a new process for the manufacture of such dosage forms.
  • the separating layer is formed by an in situ reaction between the enteric coating polymer and the alkaline core material comprising the pharmaceutically active substance.
  • FIG. 1 is a photo showing a cross-section of a tablet manufactured according to the invention described in the present specification.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of the photo disclosed in FIG. 1.
  • the tablet has an enteric coating layer ( 3 ), which has been applied on an alkaline core material ( 1 ) comprising the pharmaceutically active substance. Between the enteric coating layer ( 3 ) and the core material ( 1 ) there is a separating layer ( 2 ) shown. The separating layer ( 2 ) is on the photo inked by a fluorescent colour.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a new enteric coated pharmaceutical formulation comprising a core material that contains a proton pump inhibitor, one or more alkaline reacting compound(s) and optionally pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, which formulation has a water soluble separating layer and an enteric coating layer and wherein the core material is alkaline and the separating layer is being formed in situ during the enteric coating as a salt between the enteric coating polymer(s) and an alkaline reacting compound(s) in the core material.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a new process for the manufacture of such enteric coated pharmaceutical formulations comprising a core material of a proton pump inhibitor wherein a separating layer is formed in situ during the enteric coating by a reaction between the enteric coating polymer(s) and one or more alkaline reacting compound(s) in the core material, i.e. thereby a salt is formed between the enteric coating polymer(s) and the alkaline reacting compound(s).
  • the new pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is further characterized in the following way.
  • Compacted tablets or individual cores in the form of small tablets, small beads, granules or pellets
  • the tablets or individual cores, that also comprise one or more alkaline reacting compound(s) which is in the position to form a water soluble salt by a reaction with an enteric coating material are coated with one or more enteric coating layers.
  • the separating layer is formed in situ by a reaction between the enteric coating polymer(s) and the alkaline reacting compound(s) in the core material during the enteric coating process.
  • the core material for the manufacture of enteric coated pellets can be prepared according to two main principles. Firstly, seeds can be layered with the proton pump inhibitor, alkaline reating compound(s) and necessary excipients to give an alkaline reacting core material, or the alkaline reacting core material can be prepared as substantially homogeneous cores or tablets comprising the proton pump inhibitor and the alkaline reacting compound(s).
  • the alkaline reacting compound(s) in the core material or tablet cores, necessary for an in situ reaction with the enteric coating polymer is a substance in the position to form a water soluble salt with an enteric coating polymer.
  • alkaline reacting compounds are for instance amino acids, such as lysine, arginine, ornitine, histidine, organic buffering compounds such as trometamine (i.e. Tris-buffer), N-amino sugars such as N-methyl-D-glucamine (i.e. Meglumine ), N-ethyl-D-glucamine (i.e.
  • Eglumine Eglumine
  • glucosamine disodium -N-stearoyl-glutamate
  • heterocyclic amine derivatives such as piperazine or its hexahydrate, N-methylpiperazine, morpholine, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine
  • alkali salts of citric acid, tartaric acid, caproic acid or fatty acids alkali metal phosphates, silicates or carbonates, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or aluminium hydroxides and organic amines such as ethylamine, dicyclohexylamine or triethanolamine, or alkaline ammonium salts.
  • the core material as such should be an alkaline reacting core material, i.e. the amount of alkaline reacting compound(s) available in the core material should be enough to form a salt between the enteric coating polymer(s) and the alkaline reacting compound(s).
  • the concentration of alkaline reacting compound(s) in the core material is from approximately 0.1 mmol/g dry ingredients in the alkali containing part of the core material up to approximately 15 mmol/g, preferably the concentration shall be more than 0.3 mmol/g dry ingredients in the alkaline part of the core material.
  • the upper limit range is only restricted by the need to include a pharmaceutically active ingredient and excipients such as binders etc in the alkaline core material.
  • concentration of alkaline reacting compound(s) may be illustrated as follows. For a core material where, for instance, 10% w/w of a proton pump inhibitor and 5% w/w of excipients (binders, surfactants etc) are to be included, 85% w/w remains to possible disposition to the alkaline reacting compound(s).
  • the alkaline reacting compound is sodium bicarbonate which has the rather low molecular weight of 84 u
  • the concentration of the alkaline material in the core material will be [(85/84)/100] ⁇ 1,000, i.e. approximately 9.9 mmol/g in the alkali containing part/layer.
  • enteric coating layers are applied onto the prepared core material or tablets by using a suitable aqueous coating technique.
  • the enteric coating material is dispersed and/or dissolved in an aqueous vehicle.
  • enteric coating polymer(s) one or more, separately or in combination, of the following can be used; methacrylic acid copolymers, cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, polyvinyl acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, carboxymethylethylcellulose, shellac or other suitable enteric coating polymer(s).
  • the enteric coating layer(s) may contain pharmaceutically acceptable plasticizers to obtain desired mechanical properties, such as flexibility and hardness of the enteric coating layer(s).
  • the amount of plasticizer is optimized for each enteric coating formulation, in relation to selected enteric coating polymer(s), selected plasticizer(s) and the applied amount of said polymer(s).
  • the mechanical properties of the enteric coating are especially important for a tableted multiple unit dosage form, i.e. the individually enteric coated units must withstand the compression into a tableted multiple unit dosage form without any significant effect on the acid resistance.
  • Suitable plasticizers are for instance, but not restricted to, triacetin, citric acid esters, phthalic acid esters, dibutyl sebacate, cetyl alcohol, polyethylene glycols, polysorbates or other plasticizers.
  • the preparation of the core material containing the proton pump inhibitor and alkaline reacting compound(s) is described more in detail below.
  • the individually enteric coated cores can be constituted according to different principles.
  • the active substance, the proton pump inhibitor, used as a racemate or one of its single enantiomers or an alkaline salt of said compound or one of its single enantiomers, mixed with the alkaline reacting compound(s) is applied on seeds and are used for further processing.
  • the seeds which are to be layered with the active substances, can be water insoluble seeds comprising different oxides, celluloses, organic polymers and other materials, alone or in mixtures or water soluble seeds comprising different inorganic salts, sugars, non-pareils and other materials, alone or in mixtures. Further, the seeds may comprise active substance in the form of crystals, agglomerates, compacts etc. The size of the seeds is not essential for the present invention but may vary between approximately 0.1 and 2 mm.
  • the seeds layered with active substance are produced either by powder or solution suspension layering using for instance granulating or spray coating/layering equipment.
  • the active substance is mixed with alkaline reacting compound(s) and further components to obtain preferred handling and processing properties and suitable concentration of the active substance.
  • Pharmaceutical constituents such as fillers, binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents, surfactants and other pharmaceutically acceptable additives, can be used.
  • Binders are for example celluloses such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose sodium, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sugars, starches and other pharmaceutically acceptable substances with cohesive properties.
  • Suitable surfactants are found in the groups of pharmaceutically acceptable non-ionic or ionic surfactants such as a for instance sodium lauryl sulfate or polysorbates.
  • the active substance mixed with alkaline compound(s) and further mixed with suitable constituents can be formulated into tablets or individual cores.
  • Said tablets or cores may be produced by compression/extrusion/spheronization or balling utilizing different processing equipments.
  • the manufactured tablets or cores can further be layered with additional ingredients comprising active substance and alkaline reacting compound(s) and/or be used for further processing.
  • the active substance may optionally be mixed with alkaline pharmaceutically acceptable substance (or substances) for further stabilisation.
  • alkaline pharmaceutically acceptable substance or substances
  • Such substances can be chosen among, but are not restricted to, substances such as for instance the above mentioned alkaline reacting compounds or other alkaline reacting substances known by the skilled person in the art to be useful as stabilizers for acidic susceptable substances.
  • the aforementioned alkaline reacting core material can be prepared by the use of spray drying or spray congealing technique.
  • the prepared alkaline reacting core material in the form of tablets or pellets are spray coated with an aqueous enteric coating polymer dispersion/solution.
  • the process parameters such as inlet air temperature, air flow, atomizer air flow and spraying rate are adjusted with respect to the equipment used for the process as well as the specific enteric coating polymer(s).
  • the inlet air temperature must not be such that the enteric coating polymer(s) will block in the spraying nozzles.
  • Tablets containing lansoprazole and arginine are produced according to the following procedure. Firstly, dry ingredients are thoroughly mixed and then granulated with a solution in a laboratory mixer. The dried granules are mixed with lubricants etc. in a final mixing step. Concentration Dry ingredients for granulation (mmol/g dry ingredients in (for approx. 4000 tablets) the alkaline tablet core) Lansoprazole 40.4 g L-arginine (passing 120 mesh) 365.4 g 4.2 Microcrystalline cellulose 38.5 g Granulating solution Distilled water 173 g Corn starch 7.7 g
  • the solution is poured over the premixed powder mass during mixing.
  • the wet granules are dried on a tray in a drying cabinet.
  • the dried granules are milled to pass a 1.0 mm sieve.
  • the granules are mixed with Talc 3.1 g Sodium dodecyl sulphate 20.8 g Microcrystalline cellulose 19.2 g Magnesium stearate 5.0 g
  • Obtained tablets are spray coated with the enteric coating dispersion defined below, in a Wurster equipped fluidized bed.
  • Enteric coating dispersion Water 80.0 g Triethylcitrate 1.3 g Na-laurylsulphate 0.2 g Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 6.3 g acetate succinate LF Talc 1.9 g
  • FIG. 1 obtained with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) shows a cross-section of the tablet where the separating layer is easily detected as a layer having an intense fluorescence.
  • CLSM confocal laser scanning microscopy
  • the separating layer is spontaneously formed in situ during the process, as a salt between the alkaline reacting compound and the enteric coating polymer.
  • the powder mixture is mixed with the water and the wet mass is mixed to obtain a suitable consistency of the mass.
  • Extrusion is performed with an extruder fitted with 1.0 mm screen.
  • the extrudate is formed into pellets on a spheronizer and dried in a fluidized bed drier.
  • This single coating step resulted in pellets having two polymeric layers with different characteristics.
  • the inner layer is not soluble in acetone as the outer layer, but soluble in water.
  • the separating layer is spontaneously formed in situ during the process, as a salt between the alkaline reacting compound and the enteric coating polymer.
  • Enteric coated pellets having a separating layer are obtained. These pellets may be filled in capsules or sachets for oral administration.
  • Obtained dried pellets/cores are spray coated with the enteric coating dispersion described below, in a Wurster equipped fluidized bed.
  • Enteric coating dispersion Water 93.9 g Polyethylene glycol 400 4.6 g Eudragit TM L30D-55 151.5 g
  • This single coating step resulted in tablets having two polymeric layers with different characteristics.
  • the inner layer is not soluble in acetone, as the outer one, but soluble in water.
  • the separating layer is spontaneously formed in situ during the process, as a salt between the alkaline reacting compound and the enteric coating polymer.
  • the obtained pellets having a separating layer and an enteric coating layer are suitable for filling into hard gelatine capsules or sachets for oral administration.
  • Core material containing magnesium salt of omeprazole and N-methyl-D-glucamine (meglumine) is prepared by layer coating in a Wurster equipped fluidized bed on sugar seeds. For this operation the following materials are used; Concentration (mmol/g dry ingredients in Substance Amount the alkali containing layer) Water purified 102 g Ethanol 99% (w/v) 102 g HPMC 6 cps 2 g N-methyl-D-glucamine 3.3 g 0.37 Magnesium salt of omeprazole 40 g Non Pareille 500 g
  • the Wurster apparatus was equipped with a 60 mm high insertion tube, having a diameter of 50 mm, positioned to leave a 10 mm slit below it.
  • a spraying nozzle having a 0.8 mm opening was used.
  • the atomizing air flow was 2.3 Nm 3 /h and air pressure used was 1.9 bar.
  • the inlet air temperature was 50° C. and flow used 43 m 3 /h.
  • Inlet air temperature used was 42° C. and flow was set to 40 Nm 3 /h.
  • Atomizing air flow used was 2.1 Nm 3 /h, obtained with a pressure of 1.7 bar.
  • the inlet air temperature is rised to 60° C. and the product is kept at this temperature for appr. 5 minutes.
  • This single film-coating step resulted in cores having two polymeric coating layers with different characteristics.
  • the inner layer is not soluble in acetone, as the outer layer, but soluble in water.
  • confocal laser scanning microscopy to study a cross-section of the cores from this example, the presence of an inner layer was confirmed.
  • the separating layer is spontaneously formed in situ during the process, as a salt between the alkaline reacting compound and the enteric coating polymer.
  • a rotogranulator was used to produce spherical core units containing pantoprazole.
  • inert sugar seeds Non-Pareille
  • the sugar seeds were coating layered with the powder mixture described below, by spraying a 5% solution of HPMC 6 cps in water.
  • Enteric coated pellets having a water soluble separating layer were obtained. These pellets may be filled in capsules or sachets for oral administration.
  • Omeprazole tablets 6 mm in diameter containing 20 mg of omeprazole were prepared by mixing and granulating dry powder ingredients with water in a Kenwood mixer. For this operation the following materials are used; Concentration (mmol/g dry ingredients Substance Amount in the alkaline tablet core) Omeprazole 40.0 g Mannitol pwd 68.0 g Microcrystalline cellulose 35.0 g Polyvinylpyrrolidone cross- 30.0 g linked Hydroxypropylcellulose low- 20.0 g substituted L-arginine 5.3 g 0.14 Sodium laurylsulphate 2.0 g Water purified q.s. approx 50 g Sodium stearylfumarate (SSF) 1.0 g
  • This single film-coating step resulted in cores having two polymeric coating layers with different characteristics.
  • the inner layer is not soluble in acetone, as the outer layer, but soluble in water.
  • the separating layer is spontaneously formed in situ during the process, as a salt between the alkaline reacting compound and the enteric coating polymer.
  • Tablets, 7 mm in diameter containing omeprazole and disodiumhydrogenphosphate was prepared by mixing and granulating dry powder ingredients with a water solution containing sodium laurylsulphate, in a Kenwood mixer. For this operation the following materials are used: Concentration (mmol/g dry ingredients in Substance Amount the alkaline tablet core) Omeprazole 80 g Mannitol pwd 88 g Microcrystalline cellulose 132 g L-HPC 53 g Disodiumhydrogenphosphate 104 g 1.12 dihydrate Granulation liquid Water purified 80 g Sodium laurylsulphate 3 g Water purified q.s. Final mixing Sodium stearylfumarate (SSF) 10 g Polyvinylpyrrolidone crosslinked 50 g
  • This single film-coating step resulted in cores having two polymeric coating layers with different characteristics.
  • the inner layer is not soluble in acetone, as the outer layer, but soluble in water.
  • the separating layer is spontaneously formed in situ during the process, as a salt between the inorganic alkaline reacting compound and the enteric coating polymer.
  • Placebo tablets, 6 mm in diameter was prepared by mixing and granulating dry powder ingredients with water in a Kenwood mixer. For this operation the following materials are used; Concentration (mmol/g dry ingredients in the Amount alkali containing layer) Substance Ref. Ex. 1 Ref. Ex. 2 Ref. Ex. 1 Ref. Ex. 2 Mannitol pwd 161.5 g 141.3 g Microcrystalline 38.5 g 38.5 g g cellulose Na 2 HPO 4 x2H 2 O — 20.2 g — 0.56 Water purified q.s. approx 45 g 45 g g Sodium stearylfumarate 1.0 g 1.0 g (SSF)
  • this single film-coating step resulted in cores having two polymeric coating layers with different characteristics.
  • the inner layer is not soluble in acetone, as the outer layer, but soluble in water.
  • the separating layer is spontaneously formed in situ during the process, as a salt between the alkaline reacting compound and the enteric coating polymer.

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Abstract

A new oral pharmaceutical dosage form comprising a core material that contains a proton pump inhibitor, one or more alkaline reacting compounds and optionally pharmaceutical excipients having a water soluble separating layer and an enteric coating layer. The core material as such is alkaline reacting and the separating layer between the alkaline reacting core material and the enteric coating layer is formed in situ as a water soluble salt between the alkaline reacting compound(s) and the enteric coating polymer. The invention also describes a new efficient process for the manufacture of such a dosage form comprising two functionally different layers in one manufacturing step, and its use in medicine.

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention refers to new pharmaceutical formulations comprising acid labile heterocyclic compounds with gastric inhibitory effect, in the following referred to as proton pump inhibitors. The new formulations are intended for oral use. Furthermore, the present invention refers to a new method for the manufacture of such a formulation and, the use of the new formulations in medicine. [0001]
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The proton pump inhibitors are for example compounds of the general formula I
  • [0002]
    Figure US20030113375A1-20030619-C00001
  • wherein [0003]
  • N in the benzimidazole moiety means that one of the carbon atoms substituted by R[0004] 6-R9 optionally may be exchanged for a nitrogen atom without any substituents;
  • R[0005] 1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy optionally substituted by fluorine, alkylthio, alikoxyalkoxy, dialkylamino, piperidino, morpholino, halogen, phenyl and phenylalkoxy;
  • R[0006] 4 and R5 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, alkyl and aralkyl;
  • R′[0007] 6 is hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, alkyl and alkoxy,
  • R[0008] 6-R9 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, halo-alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, oxazolyl tifluoroalkyl, or adjacent groups R6-R9form ring structures which may be further substituted;
  • R[0009] 10 is hydrogen or fonts an alkylene chain together with R3 and
  • R[0010] 11 and R12 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, halogen or alkyl and alkyl groups, alkoxy groups and moities thereof may be branched and straight C1-C9-chains or comprise cyclic alkyl groups, for example cycloalkylalkyl.
  • Examples of proton pump inhibitors according to formula I are [0011]
    Figure US20030113375A1-20030619-C00002
  • The proton pump inhibitors used in the dosage forms of the invention may be used in neutral form or in the form of an alkaline salt, such as for instance the Mg[0012] 2+,Ca2+, Na+, K+ or Li+ salts, preferably the Mg2+ salts. Further where applicable, the compounds listed above may be used in racemic form or in the form of a substantially pure enantiomer thereof, or alkaline salts of the racemates or the single enantiomers.
  • Suitable proton pump inhibitors are for example disclosed in EP-A1-0005129, EP-A1-174 726, EP-A1-166 287, [0013] GB 2 163 747 and WO90/06925, WO91/19711, WO91/19712, and further especially suitable compounds are described in WO94/27988 and WO95/01977.
  • These proton pump inhibitors are, as already mentioned, useful for inhibiting gastric acid secretion in mammals and man. In a more general sense, they may be used for prevention and treatment of gastric-acid related diseases in mammals and man, including e.g. reflux esophagitis, gastritis, duodenitis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. Furthermore, they may be used for treatment of other gastrointestinal disorders where gastric acid inhibitory effect is desirable e.g. in patients on NSAID therapy, in patients with Non Ulcer Dyspepsia, in patients with symptomatic gastro-esophageal reflux disease, and in patients with gastrinomas. They may also be used in patients in intensive care situations, in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, pre- and postoperatively to prevent aspiration of gastric acid and to prevent and treat stress ulceration. Further, they may be useful in the treatment of Helicobacter infections and diseases related to these. [0014]
  • These proton pump inhibitors are, however, susceptible to degradation/transformation in acidic reacting and neutral media. The degradation is catalyzed by acidic reacting compounds and the proton pump inhibitors are usually stabilized in mixtures with alkaline reacting compounds. [0015]
  • In respect to the stability properties of the proton pump inhibitors mentioned above, it is obvious that a proton pump inhibitor in an oral solid dosage form must be protected from contact with the acidic reacting gastric juice and the active substance must be transferred in intact form to that part of the gastrointestinal tract where pH is less acidic, neutral or alkaline and where rapid absorption of the pharmaceutically active substance, i.e. the proton pump inhibitor, can occur. [0016]
  • A pharmaceutical dosage form of these proton pump inhibitors is best protected from contact with acidic gastric juice by an enteric coating layer. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,853,230 such enteric coated preparations of different acid labile substances are described. Said preparations contain an alkaline core material comprising the active substance, a separating layer and an enteric coating layer. [0017]
  • Ordinary enteric coating layers, however, comprise compounds which contain acidic groups. If covered with such an enteric coating layer, the acid labile substance may rapidly decompose by direct or indirect contact with the acidic groups resulting in discoloration of the content and loss in content of the active compound with the passage of time. The discoloration can be avoided by applying some type of separating layer between the core material comprising the susceptible proton pump inhibitor and the enteric coating layer. [0018]
  • Thus, there are a lot of patent applications describing such a separating layer between a core material comprising the pharmaceutically active substance and an enteric coating layer. See for instance, U.S. Pat. No. 4,786,505, EP 0,277,741 and EP 0,342,522. The prior art techniques to apply at least two different layers on a pellet core or a tablet comprising an acid labile compound is rather complicated and there is a demand for finding new processes and formulations to simplify the manufacturing of such enteric coated articles comprising acid labile substances. [0019]
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • According to one aspect of the invention a new pharmaceutical dosage form is provided in the form of an enteric coated tablet. Alternatively, individually enteric coated units are prepared and filled into a capsule, a sachet or included in a tableted multiple unit dosage form. [0020]
  • The present invention is characterized by the presence of a separating layer between an alkaline reacting core material comprising a pharmaceutically active acid labile substance and an enteric coating layer, wherein the separating layer comprises a water soluble salt of an enteric coating polymer. [0021]
  • According to a second aspect the present invention provides a process for the manufacture of two functionally different layers in one manufacturing step. By such a process a separating layer comprising a water soluble salt of an enteric coating polymer is obtained, as well as the enteric coating layer itself. [0022]
  • Thus, the present invention simplifies the preparation of enteric coated articles comprising a separating layer between a core material and an enteric coating layer by providing a new process for the manufacture of such dosage forms. According to said process the separating layer is formed by an in situ reaction between the enteric coating polymer and the alkaline core material comprising the pharmaceutically active substance. [0023]
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
  • FIG. 1 is a photo showing a cross-section of a tablet manufactured according to the invention described in the present specification. [0024]
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of the photo disclosed in FIG. 1. The tablet has an enteric coating layer ([0025] 3), which has been applied on an alkaline core material (1) comprising the pharmaceutically active substance. Between the enteric coating layer (3) and the core material (1) there is a separating layer (2) shown. The separating layer (2) is on the photo inked by a fluorescent colour.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a new enteric coated pharmaceutical formulation comprising a core material that contains a proton pump inhibitor, one or more alkaline reacting compound(s) and optionally pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, which formulation has a water soluble separating layer and an enteric coating layer and wherein the core material is alkaline and the separating layer is being formed in situ during the enteric coating as a salt between the enteric coating polymer(s) and an alkaline reacting compound(s) in the core material. [0026]
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a new process for the manufacture of such enteric coated pharmaceutical formulations comprising a core material of a proton pump inhibitor wherein a separating layer is formed in situ during the enteric coating by a reaction between the enteric coating polymer(s) and one or more alkaline reacting compound(s) in the core material, i.e. thereby a salt is formed between the enteric coating polymer(s) and the alkaline reacting compound(s). [0027]
  • The new pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is further characterized in the following way. Compacted tablets or individual cores (in the form of small tablets, small beads, granules or pellets) contain the proton pump inhibitor in the form of a racemate or one of its single enantiomers or an alkaline salt of said compound or one of its single enantiomers. The tablets or individual cores, that also comprise one or more alkaline reacting compound(s) which is in the position to form a water soluble salt by a reaction with an enteric coating material, are coated with one or more enteric coating layers. [0028]
  • The separating layer is formed in situ by a reaction between the enteric coating polymer(s) and the alkaline reacting compound(s) in the core material during the enteric coating process. [0029]
  • The core material for the manufacture of enteric coated pellets can be prepared according to two main principles. Firstly, seeds can be layered with the proton pump inhibitor, alkaline reating compound(s) and necessary excipients to give an alkaline reacting core material, or the alkaline reacting core material can be prepared as substantially homogeneous cores or tablets comprising the proton pump inhibitor and the alkaline reacting compound(s). [0030]
  • The alkaline reacting compound(s) in the core material or tablet cores, necessary for an in situ reaction with the enteric coating polymer, is a substance in the position to form a water soluble salt with an enteric coating polymer. Such alkaline reacting compounds are for instance amino acids, such as lysine, arginine, ornitine, histidine, organic buffering compounds such as trometamine (i.e. Tris-buffer), N-amino sugars such as N-methyl-D-glucamine (i.e. Meglumine ), N-ethyl-D-glucamine (i.e. Eglumine), glucosamine, disodium -N-stearoyl-glutamate, heterocyclic amine derivatives such as piperazine or its hexahydrate, N-methylpiperazine, morpholine, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine, alkali salts of citric acid, tartaric acid, caproic acid or fatty acids, alkali metal phosphates, silicates or carbonates, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or aluminium hydroxides and organic amines such as ethylamine, dicyclohexylamine or triethanolamine, or alkaline ammonium salts. [0031]
  • The core material as such should be an alkaline reacting core material, i.e. the amount of alkaline reacting compound(s) available in the core material should be enough to form a salt between the enteric coating polymer(s) and the alkaline reacting compound(s). [0032]
  • Thus, the concentration of alkaline reacting compound(s) in the core material (before applying the enteric coating polymer) is from approximately 0.1 mmol/g dry ingredients in the alkali containing part of the core material up to approximately 15 mmol/g, preferably the concentration shall be more than 0.3 mmol/g dry ingredients in the alkaline part of the core material. [0033]
  • The upper limit range is only restricted by the need to include a pharmaceutically active ingredient and excipients such as binders etc in the alkaline core material. The concentration of alkaline reacting compound(s) may be illustrated as follows. For a core material where, for instance, 10% w/w of a proton pump inhibitor and 5% w/w of excipients (binders, surfactants etc) are to be included, 85% w/w remains to possible disposition to the alkaline reacting compound(s). For such a core material, this means that, if the alkaline reacting compound is sodium bicarbonate which has the rather low molecular weight of 84 u, the concentration of the alkaline material in the core material will be [(85/84)/100]×1,000, i.e. approximately 9.9 mmol/g in the alkali containing part/layer. [0034]
  • One or more enteric coating layers are applied onto the prepared core material or tablets by using a suitable aqueous coating technique. The enteric coating material is dispersed and/or dissolved in an aqueous vehicle. As enteric coating polymer(s) one or more, separately or in combination, of the following can be used; methacrylic acid copolymers, cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, polyvinyl acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, carboxymethylethylcellulose, shellac or other suitable enteric coating polymer(s). [0035]
  • The enteric coating layer(s) may contain pharmaceutically acceptable plasticizers to obtain desired mechanical properties, such as flexibility and hardness of the enteric coating layer(s). The amount of plasticizer is optimized for each enteric coating formulation, in relation to selected enteric coating polymer(s), selected plasticizer(s) and the applied amount of said polymer(s). The mechanical properties of the enteric coating are especially important for a tableted multiple unit dosage form, i.e. the individually enteric coated units must withstand the compression into a tableted multiple unit dosage form without any significant effect on the acid resistance. Suitable plasticizers are for instance, but not restricted to, triacetin, citric acid esters, phthalic acid esters, dibutyl sebacate, cetyl alcohol, polyethylene glycols, polysorbates or other plasticizers. [0036]
  • The preparation of the core material containing the proton pump inhibitor and alkaline reacting compound(s) is described more in detail below. The individually enteric coated cores can be constituted according to different principles. [0037]
  • The active substance, the proton pump inhibitor, used as a racemate or one of its single enantiomers or an alkaline salt of said compound or one of its single enantiomers, mixed with the alkaline reacting compound(s) is applied on seeds and are used for further processing. [0038]
  • The seeds, which are to be layered with the active substances, can be water insoluble seeds comprising different oxides, celluloses, organic polymers and other materials, alone or in mixtures or water soluble seeds comprising different inorganic salts, sugars, non-pareils and other materials, alone or in mixtures. Further, the seeds may comprise active substance in the form of crystals, agglomerates, compacts etc. The size of the seeds is not essential for the present invention but may vary between approximately 0.1 and 2 mm. The seeds layered with active substance are produced either by powder or solution suspension layering using for instance granulating or spray coating/layering equipment. [0039]
  • Before the seeds are layered, the active substance is mixed with alkaline reacting compound(s) and further components to obtain preferred handling and processing properties and suitable concentration of the active substance. Pharmaceutical constituents such as fillers, binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents, surfactants and other pharmaceutically acceptable additives, can be used. Binders are for example celluloses such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose sodium, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sugars, starches and other pharmaceutically acceptable substances with cohesive properties. Suitable surfactants are found in the groups of pharmaceutically acceptable non-ionic or ionic surfactants such as a for instance sodium lauryl sulfate or polysorbates. [0040]
  • Alternatively, the active substance mixed with alkaline compound(s) and further mixed with suitable constituents can be formulated into tablets or individual cores. Said tablets or cores may be produced by compression/extrusion/spheronization or balling utilizing different processing equipments. The manufactured tablets or cores can further be layered with additional ingredients comprising active substance and alkaline reacting compound(s) and/or be used for further processing. [0041]
  • The active substance may optionally be mixed with alkaline pharmaceutically acceptable substance (or substances) for further stabilisation. Such substances can be chosen among, but are not restricted to, substances such as for instance the above mentioned alkaline reacting compounds or other alkaline reacting substances known by the skilled person in the art to be useful as stabilizers for acidic susceptable substances. [0042]
  • Alternatively, the aforementioned alkaline reacting core material can be prepared by the use of spray drying or spray congealing technique. [0043]
  • The prepared alkaline reacting core material in the form of tablets or pellets are spray coated with an aqueous enteric coating polymer dispersion/solution. The process parameters such as inlet air temperature, air flow, atomizer air flow and spraying rate are adjusted with respect to the equipment used for the process as well as the specific enteric coating polymer(s). The inlet air temperature must not be such that the enteric coating polymer(s) will block in the spraying nozzles. [0044]
  • The invention is described more in detail by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. [0045]
    • EXAMPLE 1
  • Tablets containing lansoprazole and arginine are produced according to the following procedure. Firstly, dry ingredients are thoroughly mixed and then granulated with a solution in a laboratory mixer. The dried granules are mixed with lubricants etc. in a final mixing step. [0046]
    Concentration
    Dry ingredients for granulation (mmol/g dry ingredients in
    (for approx. 4000 tablets) the alkaline tablet core)
    Lansoprazole 40.4 g
    L-arginine (passing 120 mesh) 365.4 g 4.2
    Microcrystalline cellulose 38.5 g
    Granulating solution
    Distilled water 173 g
    Corn starch 7.7 g
  • The solution is poured over the premixed powder mass during mixing. The wet granules are dried on a tray in a drying cabinet. The dried granules are milled to pass a 1.0 mm sieve. The granules are mixed with [0047]
    Talc 3.1 g
    Sodium dodecyl sulphate 20.8 g
    Microcrystalline cellulose 19.2 g
    Magnesium stearate 5.0 g
  • in a laboratory mixer, and then compressed into tablets having a size of 7 mm Ø and a weight of approximately 125 mg. The obtained tablets have a content of lansoprazole of 10 mg per tablet. [0048]
  • Obtained tablets are spray coated with the enteric coating dispersion defined below, in a Wurster equipped fluidized bed. [0049]
    Enteric coating dispersion
    Water 80.0 g
    Triethylcitrate 1.3 g
    Na-laurylsulphate 0.2 g
    Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 6.3 g
    acetate succinate LF
    Talc 1.9 g
  • This single coating step resulted in tablets having two polymeric layers with different characteristics. The inner layer is not soluble in acetone, as the outer layer, but soluble in water. FIG. 1, obtained with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) shows a cross-section of the tablet where the separating layer is easily detected as a layer having an intense fluorescence. [0050]
  • The separating layer is spontaneously formed in situ during the process, as a salt between the alkaline reacting compound and the enteric coating polymer. [0051]
    • EXAMPLE 2
  • Core material containing the magnesium salt of (-)-omeprazole and the alkaline reacting compound trometamine (=tris-buffer) is prepared by extrusion and spheronization. [0052]
  • The powder mass is mixed in a laboratory mixer and then water is added. [0053]
    Concentration (mmol/g
    dry ingredients in the
    Powder mixture alkaline core material)
    Magnesium salt of (−)-omeprazole 400 g
    Microcrystalline cellulose 300 g
    Trometamine 1000 g 4.1
    PVP-XL 100 g
    Mannitol pwd 195 g
    Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 6 cps 5 g
    Water q.s.
  • The powder mixture is mixed with the water and the wet mass is mixed to obtain a suitable consistency of the mass. [0054]
  • Extrusion is performed with an extruder fitted with 1.0 mm screen. The extrudate is formed into pellets on a spheronizer and dried in a fluidized bed drier. [0055]
  • 200 g of the obtained pellets are spray coated with the enteric coating dispersion described below, in a Wurster equipped fluidized bed. [0056]
    Enteric coating dispersion
    Water 93.9 g
    Polyethylene glycol 400 4.6 g
    Eudragit ™ L30D-55 151.5 g
  • This single coating step resulted in pellets having two polymeric layers with different characteristics. The inner layer is not soluble in acetone as the outer layer, but soluble in water. The separating layer is spontaneously formed in situ during the process, as a salt between the alkaline reacting compound and the enteric coating polymer. [0057]
  • Enteric coated pellets having a separating layer are obtained. These pellets may be filled in capsules or sachets for oral administration. [0058]
    • EXAMPLE 3
  • Core material containing omeprazole and N-methyl-D-glucamine (=meglumine) is prepared by extrusion and spheronization of the below described composition using the same procedure as in Example 2; [0059]
    Concentration (mmol/g
    dry ingredients in the
    Powder mixture alkaline core material)
    Omeprazole 100.0 g
    Microcrystalline cellulose 50.0 g
    Meglumine 500.0 g 2.6
    Mannitol pwd 297.0 g
    Sodium starch glycolate 48.0 g
    Sodium laurylsulphate 5.0 g
    Water q.s.
  • Obtained dried pellets/cores are spray coated with the enteric coating dispersion described below, in a Wurster equipped fluidized bed. [0060]
    Enteric coating dispersion
    Water 93.9 g
    Polyethylene glycol 400 4.6 g
    Eudragit ™ L30D-55 151.5 g
  • This single coating step resulted in tablets having two polymeric layers with different characteristics. The inner layer is not soluble in acetone, as the outer one, but soluble in water. The separating layer is spontaneously formed in situ during the process, as a salt between the alkaline reacting compound and the enteric coating polymer. [0061]
  • The obtained pellets having a separating layer and an enteric coating layer, are suitable for filling into hard gelatine capsules or sachets for oral administration. [0062]
    • EXAMPLE 4
  • Core material containing magnesium salt of omeprazole and N-methyl-D-glucamine (meglumine) is prepared by layer coating in a Wurster equipped fluidized bed on sugar seeds. For this operation the following materials are used; [0063]
    Concentration
    (mmol/g dry ingredients in
    Substance Amount the alkali containing layer)
    Water purified 102 g
    Ethanol 99% (w/v) 102 g
    HPMC 6 cps 2 g
    N-methyl-D-glucamine 3.3 g 0.37
    Magnesium salt of omeprazole 40 g
    Non Pareille 500 g
  • First the water and ethanol were mixed whereafter the HPMC was dissolved in the obtained solution. N-methyl-D-glucamine and magnesium salt of omeprazole were dissolved/suspended in the solution. The sugar cores (Non Pareille) were used as starting seeds for the formation of core material. A peristaltic pump was used to feed the spraying suspension, which was fed with a velocity of 3.9 g/min. [0064]
  • The Wurster apparatus was equipped with a 60 mm high insertion tube, having a diameter of 50 mm, positioned to leave a 10 mm slit below it. A spraying nozzle having a 0.8 mm opening was used. The atomizing air flow was 2.3 Nm[0065] 3/h and air pressure used was 1.9 bar. The inlet air temperature was 50° C. and flow used 43 m3/h.
  • After the core formation step, 100 grams of the obtained core material was film-coated by spraying with an enteric coating dispersion as described below, using the same equipment as in the core formation step. [0066]
    Enteric coating dispersion
    Water purified 183 g
    Triethyl citrate 2.9 g
    Sodium laurylsulphate 0.4 g
    Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
    acetate succinate LF 14.4 g
    Talc 4.3 g
  • First the triethyl citrate was dissolved in the water, and thereafter the sodium laurylsulphate was added. The hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate was dispersed in the solution, and then the talc was added. The dispersion was fed with a rate of 3.8 g/min. [0067]
  • Inlet air temperature used was 42° C. and flow was set to 40 Nm[0068] 3/h. Atomizing air flow used was 2.1 Nm3/h, obtained with a pressure of 1.7 bar.
  • After finalizing the spraying, the inlet air temperature is rised to 60° C. and the product is kept at this temperature for appr. 5 minutes. [0069]
  • This single film-coating step resulted in cores having two polymeric coating layers with different characteristics. The inner layer is not soluble in acetone, as the outer layer, but soluble in water. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy to study a cross-section of the cores from this example, the presence of an inner layer was confirmed. [0070]
  • The separating layer is spontaneously formed in situ during the process, as a salt between the alkaline reacting compound and the enteric coating polymer. [0071]
    • EXAMPLE 5
  • A rotogranulator was used to produce spherical core units containing pantoprazole. As starting material inert sugar seeds (Non-Pareille) with an average size between 0.6 to 0.71 mm Ø was used. The sugar seeds were coating layered with the powder mixture described below, by spraying a 5% solution of HPMC 6 cps in water. [0072]
  • The obtained core material containing pantoprazole was dried at 40° C. for 16 hours in vacuum and then sieved to give granules between 0.6 mm to 1.25 mm Ø. [0073]
    Concentration
    (mmol/g dry ingredients in
    Powder mixture Amount the alkali containing layer)
    Starting material
    Non-Pareille 110 parts by weight
    Pantoprazole 29.3 parts by weight
    L-Lysine 22.0 parts by weight 0.88
    Sucrose 36.7 parts by weight
    Corn starch 42.5 parts by weight
    Microcrystalline 36.7 parts by weight
    cellulose
    Solution
    Hydroxypropyl 2.9 parts by weight
    methylcellulose
    Water (58.7 parts by weight)
  • 250 g of the core material produced in this way was spray coated with an enteric coating dispersion in a Wurster equipped fluidized bed apparatus. The dispersion was made by adding the mentioned ingredients in stated order, while stirring. [0074]
    Dispersion
    Water 626.8 g
    Triethylcitrate 9.8 g
    Sodium-laurylsulphate 1.5 g
    Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 49.2 g
    acetate succinate LF
    Talc 14.8 g
  • Enteric coated pellets having a water soluble separating layer were obtained. These pellets may be filled in capsules or sachets for oral administration. [0075]
    • EXAMPLE 6
  • Omeprazole tablets, 6 mm in diameter containing 20 mg of omeprazole were prepared by mixing and granulating dry powder ingredients with water in a Kenwood mixer. For this operation the following materials are used; [0076]
    Concentration
    (mmol/g dry ingredients
    Substance Amount in the alkaline tablet core)
    Omeprazole 40.0 g
    Mannitol pwd 68.0 g
    Microcrystalline cellulose 35.0 g
    Polyvinylpyrrolidone cross- 30.0 g
    linked
    Hydroxypropylcellulose low- 20.0 g
    substituted
    L-arginine 5.3 g 0.14
    Sodium laurylsulphate 2.0 g
    Water purified q.s. approx
    50 g
    Sodium stearylfumarate (SSF) 1.0 g
  • The dry powders except for SSF were mixed to homogeneity. This mixture was moistened with the water and the wet mass dried on a tray in a drying oven. The obtained granules were milled to pass a screen with 0.8 mm apertures. Then the lubricant SSF was mixed with the granules using the same Kenwood mixer as before. [0077]
  • Cores having an average weight of 101 mg were compressed on a tableting machine equipped with 6 mm diameter punches. [0078]
  • After the core formation step, 50 grams of the obtained cores were film-coated by spraying an aqueous enteric coating dispersion as described below, using a Wurster equipped fluidized bed. [0079]
    Enteric coating dispersion
    Substance Amount
    Water purified 183 g
    Triethyl citrate 2.9 g
    Sodium laurylsulphate 0.4 g
    Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 14.4 g
    acetate succinate LF
    Talc 4.3 g
  • This single film-coating step resulted in cores having two polymeric coating layers with different characteristics. The inner layer is not soluble in acetone, as the outer layer, but soluble in water. [0080]
  • The separating layer is spontaneously formed in situ during the process, as a salt between the alkaline reacting compound and the enteric coating polymer. [0081]
    • EXAMPLE 7
  • Tablets, 7 mm in diameter containing omeprazole and disodiumhydrogenphosphate was prepared by mixing and granulating dry powder ingredients with a water solution containing sodium laurylsulphate, in a Kenwood mixer. For this operation the following materials are used: [0082]
    Concentration
    (mmol/g dry ingredients in
    Substance Amount the alkaline tablet core)
    Omeprazole 80 g
    Mannitol pwd 88 g
    Microcrystalline cellulose 132 g
    L-HPC 53 g
    Disodiumhydrogenphosphate 104 g 1.12
    dihydrate
    Granulation liquid
    Water purified 80 g
    Sodium laurylsulphate 3 g
    Water purified q.s.
    Final mixing
    Sodium stearylfumarate (SSF) 10 g
    Polyvinylpyrrolidone crosslinked 50 g
  • The dry powders except for SSF were mixed to homogenity. This mixture was moistened first with the granulation liquid and then with water until satisfactory consistency of the mass. The wet mass was dried on a tray in a drying oven. The obtained granules were milled to pass a screen with 0.8 mm apertures and then the lubricant SSF and the disintegrating agent polyvinylpyrrolidone crosslinked were mixed with the obtained granules using the same Kenwood mixer as before. [0083]
  • Cores having an average weight of 130 mg were compressed on a tableting machine equipped with 7 mm diameter punches. [0084]
  • After the core formation step, 50 grams of the obtained cores were film-coated by spraying with an aqueous enteric coating dispersion as described below, using a Wurster equipped fluidized bed. [0085]
    Enteric coating dispersion
    Water purified 183 g
    Triethyl citrate 2.9 g
    Sodium laurylsulphate 0.4 g
    Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 14.4 g
    acetate succinate LF
    Talc 4.3 g
  • This single film-coating step resulted in cores having two polymeric coating layers with different characteristics. The inner layer is not soluble in acetone, as the outer layer, but soluble in water. The separating layer is spontaneously formed in situ during the process, as a salt between the inorganic alkaline reacting compound and the enteric coating polymer. [0086]
  • Reference Examples 1 and 2 [0087]
  • Placebo tablets, 6 mm in diameter was prepared by mixing and granulating dry powder ingredients with water in a Kenwood mixer. For this operation the following materials are used; [0088]
    Concentration (mmol/g
    dry ingredients in the
    Amount alkali containing layer)
    Substance Ref. Ex. 1 Ref. Ex. 2 Ref. Ex. 1 Ref. Ex. 2
    Mannitol pwd 161.5 g 141.3 g
    Microcrystalline 38.5 g 38.5 g
    cellulose
    Na2HPO4x2H2O — 20.2 g — 0.56
    Water purified q.s. approx 45 g
    45 g
    Sodium stearylfumarate 1.0 g 1.0 g
    (SSF)
  • The dry powders except for SSF were mixed to homogeneity. This mixture was moistened with the water and the wet mass dried on a tray in a drying oven. The obtained granules were milled to pass a screen with 0.8 mm apertures. Then the lubricant SSF was mixed with the granules using the same Kenwood mixer as before. [0089]
  • Cores having an average weight of 93- 94 mg were compressed on a tableting machine equipped with 6 mm diameter punches. [0090]
  • After the core formation step, 50 grams of each kind of the obtained cores were (separately) film-coated by spraying an aqueous enteric coating dispersion according to below, using a Wurster equipped fluidized bed. [0091]
    Enteric coating dispersion
    Substance Amount
    Water purified 183 g
    Triethyl citrate 2.9 g
    Sodium laurylsulphate 0.4 g
    Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 14.4 g
    acetate succinate LF
    Talc 4.3 g
  • These reference examples show that presence of the alkaline material in the core material composition is necessary for the formation of an in situ formed spontaneously developed separating layer. [0092]
  • For Reference Ex. 1, this single film-coating step resulted in cores having only one coating layer, being soluble in acetone. No separating layer was spontaneously formed. [0093]
  • For Reference Ex. 2, this single film-coating step resulted in cores having two polymeric coating layers with different characteristics. The inner layer is not soluble in acetone, as the outer layer, but soluble in water. The separating layer is spontaneously formed in situ during the process, as a salt between the alkaline reacting compound and the enteric coating polymer. [0094]
  • By using confocal laser scanning microscopy to study a cross-section of the cores from the Reference example 2, the presence of an inner layer was confirmed. In contrast, examining a cross-section of a core from Reference example 1, no inner layer was seen. [0095]
  • The best mode to practice the invention is by the formulations described in Examples 1 and 2. [0096]
  • The different active substances, i.e. proton pump inhibitors, are prepared according to information disclosed in the Patent specifications mentioned in page 6 of this specification. [0097]

Claims (20)

1. An oral pharmaceutical dosage form comprising a core material that contains a proton pump inhibitor, one or more alkaline reacting compound(s) and optionally pharmaceutically acceptable excipients having a water soluble separating layer and an enteric coating layer characterized in that the core material is alkaline reacting and that the separating layer is being formed in situ during the enteric coating as a water soluble salt between the enteric coating layer polymer(s) and the alkaline reacting compound(s).
2. A dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline reacting compounds are selected from the group of alkaline organic substances, hydroxides of alkali metals or one of their alkaline salts of phosphoric acid, carbonic acid or silicic acid, or an alkaline ammonium salt.
3. A dosage form according to claim 2, wherein the alkaline reacting substance is a hydroxide of an alkali metal or an alkaline salt of phosphoric acid, carbonic acid or silicic acid, or an alkaline ammonium salt.
4. A dosage form according to claim 2, wherein the alkaline reacting compound is an alkaline organic substance, e.g. an amino acid or a salt thereof, an alkaline amine or a derivative thereof, or an alkaline salt of a weak organic acid.
5. A dosage form according to claim 2, wherein the alkaline organic substance is an amino acid, e.g. lysine, arginine, ornitine or histidine, or an alkaline amine or a derivative thereof, e.g. N-methyl-D-glucamine or trometamine.
6. A dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline reacting compounds are present in a concentration of more than 0.1 mmol/g dry ingredients in the alkaline part of the core material.
7. A dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the enteric coating polymer(s) is/are hydroxypropyl cellulose derivative(s), e.g. hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate.
8. A dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the enteric coating polymer is copolymerized methacrylic acid/methacrylic acid methyl esters.
9. A dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the proton pump inhibitor is a compound of the general formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pure enantiomer thereof in neutral form or in the form of an alkaline salt
Figure US20030113375A1-20030619-C00003
wherein
N in the benzimidazole moiety means that one of the carbon atoms substituted by R6-R9 optionally may be exchanged for a nitrogen atom without any substituents;
R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy optionally substituted by fluorine, alkylthio, alkoxyalkoxy, dialkylamino, piperidino, morpholino, halogen, phenyl and phenylalkoxy;
R4 and R5 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, alkyl and aralkyl;
R′6 is hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, alkyl and alkoxy;
R6-R9 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, alkyl alkoxy, halogen, halo-alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, oxazolyl trifuoroalkyl or adjacent groups R6-R9 form ring structures which may be further substituted;
R10 is hydrogen or forms an alkylene chain together with R3 and
R11 and R12 are the same or different and selected from hydrogen, halogen or alkyl and alkyl groups, alkoxy groups and moities thereof may be branched and straight C1-C9-chains or comprise cyclic alkyl groups, for example cycloalkylalkyl.
10. A dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the proton pump inhibitor is omeprazole or an alkaline salt thereof.
11. A dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the proton pump inhibitor is a pure enantiomer of omeprazole or an alkaline salt thereof.
12. A dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the proton pump inhibitor is lansoprazole, one of its pure enantiomers or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
13. A dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the proton pump inhibitor is pantoprazole, one of its pure enantiomers or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
14. A dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline reacting core material is individual pellets intended for a capsule formulation or a tableted multiple unit dosage form.
15. A dosage form according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline reacting core material is a tablet.
16. A dosage form according to claim 1, wherein individually enteric coated pellets are compressed into a tableted multiple unit dosage form.
17. A process for the preparation of an oral, enteric coated pharmaceutical dosage form comprising a core material that contains a proton pump inhibitor, one or more alkaline reacting compounds and optionally pharmaceutically acceptable excipients having a water soluble separating layer and an enteric coating layer characterized in that an alkaline reacting core material is prepared and coated with an enteric coating polymer wherein a separating layer between the core material and the enteric coating layer is formed in situ by a reaction between the enteric coating polymer(s) and the alkaline reacting compound(s) in the core material during the application of the enteric coating onto the alkaline reacting core material.
18. An oral, pharmaceutical dosage form comprising a proton pump inhibitor as defined in any of claims 1-16 for use in inhibiting gastric acid secretion in mammals and man.
19. A method for inhibiting gastric acid secretion in mammals and man by administering to a host in need thereof a dosage form comprising a therapeutically effective dose of a proton pump inhibitor as defined in any of claims 1-16.
20. Use of an oral pharmaceutical dosage form defined in any of claims 1-16 for the manufacture of a medicament useful in the treatment of gastric acid related diseases.
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