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US2990369A - Titanium cutting and grinding lubricant - Google Patents

Titanium cutting and grinding lubricant Download PDF

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Publication number
US2990369A
US2990369A US847025A US84702559A US2990369A US 2990369 A US2990369 A US 2990369A US 847025 A US847025 A US 847025A US 84702559 A US84702559 A US 84702559A US 2990369 A US2990369 A US 2990369A
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grinding
titanium
cutting
lubricant
extreme pressure
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Arthur M Shapiro
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/02—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C10M2215/224—Imidazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
    • C10M2215/226—Morpholines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/26—Amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/30—Heterocyclic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the cutting and grinding of titanium. It provides an improved lubricant which permits a higher speed of the cutting or grinding tool, and makes possible a higher ratio between the amount of material removed from the titanium and the amount removed from the grinding wheel.
  • Titanium cutting requires unusually high feed forces. Abnormally thin chips are formed and high unit pressures and temperatures are produced on the cutting tool. A serious dilflculty is that the pressure of the cutting tool must be kept below a predetermined value to prevent welding of the tool to the titanium stock or workpiece.
  • a given tool welds to the workpiece at pressures of 50 to 100 pounds.
  • the lubricant of the present invention permits a pressure of 1500 pounds on this same tool without welding of the tool to the titanium workpiece. This represents an increase of to 30 times in the permissible pressure of the cutting tool.
  • the present invention achieves these results by the provision of an improved lubricant containing fluorides and silicofluorides combined with a suitable corrosion in- Patented June 27, 1961 ice hibitor mixture of a high molecular weight imidazoline and a rosin amine ethylene oxide adduct as previously indicated, this lubricant permits a 15 to 30 fold increase in the pressure of the cutting tool.
  • the best formulation from the standpoint of extreme pressure properties and lack of corrosion is as follows:
  • silicofluorides found to be effective in this formulation were those of morpholine, methylamine, dibutylamine and aniline.
  • Corrosion is greatly reduced by the mixture of the high molecular weight imidazoline and rosin amine ethylene oxide adduct, the extreme pressure properties of the lubricant being only slightly affected.
  • Alkaline salts proved to be inetfective corrosion inhibitors and destroyed the extreme pressure properties of the lubricant.
  • a lubricant composition characterized by good extreme pressure and corrosion resistant properties for cutting and grinding titanium which comprises about: 3% sodium fluoride, 1% ammonium silicofluoride, 95.9% water, 0.05% high molecular weight imidazoline and 0.05 rosin amine ethylene oxide adduct.
  • a lubricant composition characterized by good extreme pressure and corrosion resistant properties for cutting and grinding titanium which comprises about: 3% sodium fluoride, 95.9% Water, 0.05% high molecular weight imidazoline, 0.05% rosin amine ethylene oxide adduct and 1% of a silicofluoride selected from the group consisting of morpholine, methylamine, dibutylamine, aniline and ammonium silicofluoride.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

United tates Patent F 2,990,369 TITANIUM CUTTING AND GRINDING LUBRICANT Arthur M. Shapiro, Philadelphia, Pa., assignor to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army No Drawing. Filed Oct. 16, 1959, Ser. No. 847,025 2 Claims. (Cl. 25249.3) (Granted under Title 35, US. Code (1952), sec. 266) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment to me of any royalty thereon.
This invention relates to the cutting and grinding of titanium. It provides an improved lubricant which permits a higher speed of the cutting or grinding tool, and makes possible a higher ratio between the amount of material removed from the titanium and the amount removed from the grinding wheel.
Titanium cutting requires unusually high feed forces. Abnormally thin chips are formed and high unit pressures and temperatures are produced on the cutting tool. A serious dilflculty is that the pressure of the cutting tool must be kept below a predetermined value to prevent welding of the tool to the titanium stock or workpiece.
With the commonly used extreme pressure lubricants, such as the sulfurized and/or chlorinated compounds, a given tool welds to the workpiece at pressures of 50 to 100 pounds. The lubricant of the present invention permits a pressure of 1500 pounds on this same tool without welding of the tool to the titanium workpiece. This represents an increase of to 30 times in the permissible pressure of the cutting tool.
In connection with the grinding of titanium, there is evidence that the titanium acquires an abrasive grain by some sort of surface reaction with the grinding wheel just as titanium reacts with all known refractories. A reduction in the grinding Wheel speed to one third the convenional value of 6000 surface feet per minute for steel, together with the use of conventional grinding fluids, has made it possible to increase the grinding ratio in surface grinding from 0.7 to approximately times that figure. The term grinding ratio is herein utilized to indicate the relation between the amount of titanium stock removed and the amount lost from the grinding wheel.
The results achieved with conventional lubricants such as the soluble oils, the sulfochlorinated oils and the nitrites leave something to be desired in the way of cutting and grinding speeds. Cutting and grinding speeds need to be increased to speed up production. Also there is a need for increasing the grinding ratio.
The present invention achieves these results by the provision of an improved lubricant containing fluorides and silicofluorides combined with a suitable corrosion in- Patented June 27, 1961 ice hibitor mixture of a high molecular weight imidazoline and a rosin amine ethylene oxide adduct as previously indicated, this lubricant permits a 15 to 30 fold increase in the pressure of the cutting tool. The best formulation from the standpoint of extreme pressure properties and lack of corrosion is as follows:
Other silicofluorides found to be effective in this formulation were those of morpholine, methylamine, dibutylamine and aniline.
Corrosion is greatly reduced by the mixture of the high molecular weight imidazoline and rosin amine ethylene oxide adduct, the extreme pressure properties of the lubricant being only slightly affected. Alkaline salts proved to be inetfective corrosion inhibitors and destroyed the extreme pressure properties of the lubricant.
The combination of 3% sodium fluoride, 1% ammonium silicofluoride with 96% water is most efiective in preventing metal pickup during the grinding of titanium. Next best is a solution of 3% sodium fluoride and 97% water. While the most effective lubricants have been set forth in exact percentages, it is to be understood that these percentages may be varied over a limited range without seriously deteriorating the lubricant.
I claim:
1. A lubricant composition characterized by good extreme pressure and corrosion resistant properties for cutting and grinding titanium which comprises about: 3% sodium fluoride, 1% ammonium silicofluoride, 95.9% water, 0.05% high molecular weight imidazoline and 0.05 rosin amine ethylene oxide adduct.
2. A lubricant composition characterized by good extreme pressure and corrosion resistant properties for cutting and grinding titanium which comprises about: 3% sodium fluoride, 95.9% Water, 0.05% high molecular weight imidazoline, 0.05% rosin amine ethylene oxide adduct and 1% of a silicofluoride selected from the group consisting of morpholine, methylamine, dibutylamine, aniline and ammonium silicofluoride.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,174,551 Cinamon et al. Oct. 3, 1939 2,466,517 Blair Apr. 5, 1949 2,659,252 Kipp Nov. 17, 1953 2,707,149 McKinley Apr. 26, 1955 FOREIGN PATENTS 663,062 Great Britain Dec. 19, 1951

Claims (1)

1. A LUBRICANT COMPOSITION CHARACTERIZED BY GOOD EXTREME PRESSURE AND CORROSION RESISTANT PROPERTIES FOR CUTTING AND GRINDING TITANIUM WHICH COMPRISES ABOUT: 3% SODIUM FLUORIDE, 1% AMMONIUM SILICOFLUORIDE, 95.9% WATER, 0.05% HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT IMIDAZOLINE AND 0.05% ROSIN AND AMINE ETHYLENE OXISE ADDUCT.
US847025A 1959-10-16 1959-10-16 Titanium cutting and grinding lubricant Expired - Lifetime US2990369A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4670172A (en) * 1985-03-29 1987-06-02 Borg-Warner Corporation Process and kit for working metals
US6258759B1 (en) * 1997-10-24 2001-07-10 Sadao Futahashi Metal working water and metal working composition
US7967605B2 (en) 2004-03-16 2011-06-28 Guidance Endodontics, Llc Endodontic files and obturator devices and methods of manufacturing same

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2174551A (en) * 1936-12-30 1939-10-03 Special Chemicals Corp Flux composition
US2466517A (en) * 1948-01-10 1949-04-05 Petrolite Corp Processes for preventing corrosion and corrosion inhibitors
GB663062A (en) * 1945-11-01 1951-12-19 Aluminum Co Of America Improvements in or relating to the fabrication of light metals
US2659252A (en) * 1952-05-09 1953-11-17 Aluminum Co Of America Fabrication of light metals
US2707149A (en) * 1952-04-10 1955-04-26 Du Pont Recovery of titanium metal

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2174551A (en) * 1936-12-30 1939-10-03 Special Chemicals Corp Flux composition
GB663062A (en) * 1945-11-01 1951-12-19 Aluminum Co Of America Improvements in or relating to the fabrication of light metals
US2466517A (en) * 1948-01-10 1949-04-05 Petrolite Corp Processes for preventing corrosion and corrosion inhibitors
US2707149A (en) * 1952-04-10 1955-04-26 Du Pont Recovery of titanium metal
US2659252A (en) * 1952-05-09 1953-11-17 Aluminum Co Of America Fabrication of light metals

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4670172A (en) * 1985-03-29 1987-06-02 Borg-Warner Corporation Process and kit for working metals
US6258759B1 (en) * 1997-10-24 2001-07-10 Sadao Futahashi Metal working water and metal working composition
EP1035193A4 (en) * 1997-10-24 2002-06-12 Sadao Futahashi Metal working water and metal working composition
US7967605B2 (en) 2004-03-16 2011-06-28 Guidance Endodontics, Llc Endodontic files and obturator devices and methods of manufacturing same
US10052173B2 (en) 2004-03-16 2018-08-21 Guidance Endodontics, Llc Endodontic files and obturator devices and methods of manufacturing same

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