US63631A - hartley - Google Patents

Description

3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

W'. G. HARTLBY. LOOM FOR WBAVING PILED FABRICS.

Pate'nted Apr, 9, 1867.

3 SheetswSheet 2 W. G. HARTLBY.

Loom PoR WBAVING PILED FABRICS.

No. 643,631. Patented Apr. 9, 1867.

.m `RN w N Y g RF l e 1 m s l 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

` W. GQHARTLEY. LOOM POR WBAVING FILED FABRICS,

No. 63,631. Patented Apr. 9, 1867.

j?? Tena? wf@ UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLTAM G. HARTLEY, QF SAXONVILLE, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT vIN .LOOMS FOR WEAVING'PILED FABRICS.

Specification forming pnrt of Letters Pnlont No. 63.63 l, daicdAprl 9, 1861.

To @Zi whom, it may conce/fn.: Be it known thatl, WILLIMI (i. Hxnrnnv, of Sztxonvil-le, in the conntyot' Middlesex nud State of lliassnehnsetts, have invented ee'rtain Improvements in Looms for leaving Velvet Carpets, Plnshes, and other Fabrics of Cotton, XVoolen, or Silk, of which the following is efull, clear, and exnct description, ref erence being had to the accompanying drawings, makingpart offthis specification, in whichl lligure` l is n perspeetive'riew of a. loom with my improvements applied thereto. Fig. 2 is n longitudinal vertical section through the center of the stime. Fig. Sisahorizontal sc etio'nnon the line x as of Fig. 2. Fig. 4isa side elevation of the mechanism by which the cloth beams are operated. Fig. 5 is a, plan'of my into two pieces. Fig. 6 isn section ontheline 1/ y ofFig. 5. Fig. i is a modification of my invention. Fig. 8. represents one of my iniproved wire .heddles detached.'

My invention relates particularly to certnin improvements in looms for manufacturing velvetsand other fabricswhieh are made double, to be afterward divided in two pieces; and my invention consists in n bill or guardiinger provided with n slit or opening for the recept-ion of n portion of the blade of a circular knife, which has a rotary motion, and also movestrnnsversely across the pile of the fabric as it is fed in one piece, after beingwoven, between guide-bars against the knife, the edge of which, in connection with the two edges of the bill or guard-finger, serving (as. the tuftyarn is. drawn against th'eni) to produce acleener shearing cut and dividing the fabric into two smoother end more perfectly finished pieces than where the cut is produced by the knife-edge acting in connection with the si ngle edge of a spring-blade;

My invention, furthern'iore, consists in an improved arrangement of the mechanism for operating the eireulanknife and for sharpening the same.

To enable others skilled -in theart to understand and use my invention, I will proceed to describe the manner in which l. have carried it out.

In the said drawings, A is thel'ranie-work, in suitable bearings attached to which runs the driving or cra-uk shaft li, one end off which extends outside the :framework and enrries'e cog-wheel, (l,'( see Fig. 1,) which gears with a eog-whecl, i), on one end of n shaft, E. the other end ofwhich bears n wheel, F, which engages with another eog-wheel, G, upon n shaft, l'l, provided with four cams, al

I) are fonr levers 'whose Outer ends `are loosely pivoted at c to n plate or hanger, i, screwed to the frame, while their inner ends are connected by cords or wires d to thelower ends of the harness-'frames J K, which are alternately lowered by the cams c striking; against projections e, formed en the upper sides ofthe levers From the sides of the upper portion of the frnmework rise the standards L, which are connected et their tope by a crossbar, M, to `which are screwed the improved knife for cutting the woven fabric bifurcn-ted plates N, which form bearings for the ends ofthe shnftsfg to revolve in.

IL li are strips of lea-ther or belts, the upper ends of thc former, 71, being:r secured to the shaft fand their lower ends to the heddle-,frmnes J, while the upper ends of the belts 'i are sel cured to the shalt 1; and their lowerends to' the heddleframes li, bywhieh construction as one, of ench'pairoffranies J K is lowered by the action of the cams a upon the levers I) the shnfts'f g are made to revolve and one pni'r of the belts hff are unwound, simultaneous with which the other two heddle-frames J l( are. raisedby the winding of their belts around tlierevolving shafts. rLhe standards L, with their eross-herh, may be adjusted within the frame-work, should it be necessary to alter the position of the heddle-frfunesJ K,by means ot' screwsj (seen dotted) and slots k, Fig. 2.

. In suitable bearings in theframe-work runs the warp-beam O, from-which proceed two sets of bi nder werpt-breads, Z in, which are led over the whip-rollers F to the back harness or heddle frames, Jl, and through the eyes n 0.0i'

the heddles p to the point where the fabric is being woven, each heddle being` provided with two eyes instead of one. The tension of the binder-warps lm is regulated by a friction- Strap, Q, in a well-known manner.

Ris the beam upon which is wound the iuft-forming or pile yarn q, which is first passed over n guidcroller, S, und then can ried down between contiguous threads of each of the two upper binder-warps,.l, und thence bent arms, its bearings` in the frame-work. After being under a tension-roller, 'l, hung between two U, secured to a shaft, V, having led under the tension-roller Tthe tnft-forming heddles a of the ot-her frame I To the outer ends of thelower portions 'v of the bent arms U are suspended the weights W, which serve to keep th'e roller l constantly pressed against the tuft-yarns q, so as to i-nsure their equal tension at all times and keep them. in a central position .between the two sets of biuder-warpslm.v A friction-strap, X,

'passes over thetuft or pile yarn beam R, oneend ofthe' strap being attached to one of the whip-rollers P or a portion of theframe-work,

while the other end of the strap is connected `by a cord or'wire,.w, to the outercnds of the portions@ of-,t-he bent arms U, to which the weights W' are hung, in order that, -asthe ten- 'sion-rollcr Tis mpved in the direction of the arrow 10, lthe friction-strap X may be released from the beam R and the tuft-yarn let otffas required.

' The meehanisin by which the filling is introducedand the tutt-yarn q interwoven withit and the binder-warps lm, will now be dcscribed. t i

Y are-connecting-rcds secured lo thefcrank- I shaftB and to, upright posts Z, the lowertends of which-'arc fastened to a shaft, A', which rest-s .in bearings a', and is allowed to rock` freely therein,' the upper ends of the posts Z being connected by a beam, Bwhich extends over beyondthe sides of the frameworkto Aallow ot' rooml for the construction ot boxes C thereon. Each box C' is divided -into two compartments for lthe reception of two shutv ties, D', the lower one of which travels (over the lower warp, m) on a race formed by the top of the beam B', no race being vlprovided for the upper shuttle, the lower threadsof` the upper set of warps, Z, being drawn suhiciently tight to support it as it passes over them. The

shuttles D', carrying the filling, Parc thrown simultaneously either in the same or opposite directions byfmeans of pickers b', whichare made separate and independent of each other to allow of the shuttles being regulated, as rc- 'quired,' to conform to the difference -in thcposition of the shedJ' v The picker-sticks'are operated as follows: In bearings'fE, secured to the insideof the framework, are placed the shafts F',-around each of which' is wound a spiral springc', one

. end of whichv is'sec'ured to the frame, while 4its other end is fastened to uprojection, non

the shaft Fat the'foot of 'an arm, ti', also-nttached to the shaft F. From the top of this arm G' projects a pin, e', around which is bent one end ot' a rod or wire, f,tthe other end of which fits into a hole, g', made in along upright lever,- H', the lower .end of which fits loosely over a pin, h', projecting from the up-A pcr portion of a .co1lar, 1',1 which surrounds the end'of the shaft A projecting outside the frame-work, thecollar l being confined to the shaft'A, and being adjusted in place thereon by operating ascrew, t'. The upper end of each of the leversH passes through its shuttlc-,box C and through the pickers b' within it'a longitudinallslot being formed in thc partition dividing the siiuttle-eompartinents. and an opening being formed in each of the pickers b' to admit of this heilig done. Each shaft F'. is provided with a. conical projection, k', which is depressed by a cam, Z,'on the shaft E as it revolves, by which means the arm G" is t-hrown forward, carrying with it the lever H' in the direction of the arrows11, the pickers b forcibly striking the shuttles D.

which are carried across in their respective paths between the bindenwarpsl m, the shall F', after being. relieved of the pressure'of the cam Ziupon its projection It', being returned to its normal position by the action of the spiral spring c",'while the pickers Za' are left in the outer ends of .the'shuttle-boxes, ready to beagain thrown forward on the cam Z again striking the'projection `Fromthc cross-beam B' rise two standards,

J', which are connected by a crosspiece,' `.K,'

between which and the cross-beam B is secured a metal frame containing a series ol' parallel. flat strips or bars, j', which constitute the shed for' beating up the filling.

L' is the breast-beam, to .each end of' which 'is screwed one end of a bar, M', the other end of this bar being bent'up-at right anglesthereto y and being provided with a recess, m', in which fit the ends of two parallel guide-bars,-N, be-

tween which the woven fabric in one piece passes just previous to its being cut, the ends of the lower bar, N', resting at'the bottom ol' the recess m', while the ends of the upper bar,

N', are raised or lowered therein by screws n in order to vary the distance between them Afor the purpose f regulating the length ol' the pile of the'fabric.

The construction and operation of thc knife by which the'fabric is cut into two pieces will now be described. rlhe shaft E carries a bevel wheel, O', which drives a bevellpinion, 1?',1on one extremity of a shaft, Q', which .runs in bearings 12, attached to the inside ofthe framework; The other extremity of the shaft is provided with a crank, o', to which is secured oneeud of a connecting-rod, R', theiother end of which is fastened to a pin, 1?', projecting from the side of a long upright lever, Sl The lower end of this lever is pivotcd to a shaft,v g', which rests in bearings in standardsI T and carries al fast and loose pulley, r s'. The upper end of the lever S' is provided with a shaft, f',which carries two pulleys, Y W', over the former of which and the pulley r runsa belt, X'.

Y is a connectingro'd, one end of,which fils 1 loosely on the shaft t', thel other end of thccojmccting-rod being secured to the knife.

AStock or .holdcrqZQ -the bottom `of which is el' vided with a bevel-wheel, le', which engages the form seen in Fig. 2, and fits in dovetailed ways Ylli, screwed to the breast-beam L.

n is a short shaft, Figs. 5 and 6, the ends of which rest in bearings e', screwed to the knifeholder Z', 'one of the ends of the shaft u projecting beyond its bearing' r', and being pro.

with. a bevel-wheel, 17, on the upper end ot' a Stud, l8,vrising from the center of a circular knife, iv', to which is imparted n rotary inotion by a bell, lll, passing over thc pulley W and over a. drum, 2l), formed on the shaft u.

2l are metal bills or guard-lingers, (see Fig. 7,) which are slot-lcd ont to inclosc a portion of the blade of the knife, and serve to lay hold of and conduct the tuft-yarn to theI points 22, where it is severed, the knife revolving in the direction of the arrow 23, and also, by the connections above described, travclingtransvcrso ly back and forth, so as to ont the. fabric each way." llhen the knife moves in the direction of the arrow, the tutt-yarn is pressed by it against the edges of the bill 2l in a manner similar to the action of a pair ol' shears,.vhere by a clean, even ent is made, whereas when the lrnifc moves in the direction contrary to the arrow 23 the eut is rough and irregular, owing to the elastic and yielding nat-nre of the yarn, which requires to bc pressed against the bill orgnard-iingcr 2l, instead. of being drawn away from it, to make a smooth and finished eut.

in Fig. :3 is shown a knife provided with but one bill or guardfinger 2i, the knife eutting in one direction only, end moving back and forth with a much velocity than. the feed of the fabric thereto.

To the knileholder Z is secured et 2i one endl of a strip of metal,`5, to the other end of which are attached two flat springs, 2G, carrying plates 27, provided with stones 2S, be' tween and in contact with which the, knife runs when revolving, by which construction the knife may be sharpened without the delay occasioned byts removal, and when properly sharpened the stones may be readily turned to one sido by swinging back the niet-al strip After the fabriehas been split bythe knife into two pieces, they are wound or taken up by means ol' the following mechanism:

To each of the posts .'/3 is pivoted one endof a rod, 29, the. other end of which is flattened, and serves as a pawl which revolves a horizontal ratchetfwheel, 30, on thelower end of a vertical shaft, 3l, Figs. l and 4, running in bearings 52, and carrying two worm-gears. 33, which engage with cog-wheelsl on horizontal shafts or cloth-beams 35 36, provided with pins or projections 37, upon which the pieces of cloth are laid and wound up simultaneously by the vibration of the posts Z. By placing the upper shaftlor cloth-beam, 36, at a sufficient height the ri ght or velvet sides of the two portions of the fabric are exposed to view after being ont, so that lthey may be readily examined for the purpose of detecting any imperpactly placed than that as heretofore construct-.-

ed for this purpose.

l have spoken of the knife w wheniused in the loom for Vdividing the fabric into two pieces which are fterward wound up on their respective cloth-beams. I do not, however,

confine myself to the use of the knife in this particular position, as the fabric may-be removed from the loom to be afterward divided bymy revolving,r knife. lt-will thus be seen that bythe ahove-described arrangement of two seis of binder-warps, lm, in connection with the heddles 1i, provided with two eyes, n o, and the shuttles D', for throwing the ill!- ing, a double frbric is woven, which is connected together by the interweaving of the tu ftynrns q, which are alternately crossed and interwoven, first with one set of binder-warps and then with the other, the tutt-yarns runnine; parallel to the bnderwarps.

lt is evident that'fancy-colored carpets or cloths of various patterns may be woven by a loom4 construct-cd' similarto that above de:

scribed, it being only necessary to employ the ordinary. drop-boxes operated by tappets for the purpose of changing the color or size of the filling when required. These drop boxes may be made adjustable independently ol' each other by means of set-screws or other devices, so as to insure the shuttles being thrown in a line across thecenter ofthe shed at all times.

By the employment of ajacquard, Brussels carpeting may also be woven in a loom of this description, and with aslight modification of the harness it may be employed in the manufacture of seamless bags, hose-pipe, &e., the

tuft forming yarns for connecting the two por` tions of the fabric being of course dispensed with.

`'Vhat I claim' as my inventiony and desire to secure oy Letters Patent, is-

i 1. A bill or guardnger, 2l, provided. with a slit or opening forming twocuttingedges, when employed in connection with a circular revolving knife-iv', substantially as and for the purpose set forth. V

2. The within-described arrangement and combination of the mechanism for operating; the .knife w', consisting of the shaft Q', crank o', connecting-rods Band Y', upright leveri", pulleys V W', drum 20, and bevel-wheels 16 and 17', substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

l. E. TESCHBMACHER, N. W. SrsAnns.

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