US699636A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 699,636.- Patented May 6, |902. E. C. THRUPP.

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(Application Bled Jan. 11, 1902.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet I.

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No. 699,636. l Patented May 6, |902.`

E. C. THHUPP.

TURBINE.

(Application filed Jan. 11, 1902.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-8heet 2.

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TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming* part 0f Letters Patent No. 699,636, dated May 6, 1902, Application filed January 1l, IQOZ. Serial No. 89,316. (No model.)

To all whom it' may concern:

Be it known that LEneA'R 'CHARLES THRUPP,

civil engineer, a'subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at, Southdene, Ashley Park road, Valton-upon-Thames, in the county of Surrey, England,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled accomplish this result, it is often necessary to work the machines at very high speeds, and this involves lossesof power by friction of the fluid medium over fixed Aguide-blades or against other fixed surfaces, or byl friction of the rotating part against the fiuid surrounding it, or losses of power by the rotating part acting as a centrifugal pump in the surrounding fluid, and also by the necessary speed-reduction gear connecting the turbine to the machinery which it serves to operate.

My present invention relates more particularly to turbines operated by gases under pressure, such as steam or compressed air; but it is also applicable to turbines driven by water, and it diers from the usual types of turbines in that the object of my construction is to eliminate the element of impact and to derive the moving force from the friction of the fluid medium on the surfaces of two or more fiat parallel rotatable disks and not by its reaction on the rotating parts or by impact against moving blades or vanes or buckets.

With a turbine made in accordance with my invention the highest efficiency is obtained when the speed of the disks "is only a small fraction (one-third or even less) of the speed of the fluid passing through the annular spaces between the disks, and consequently the turbine can be efficiently Worked at more moderate speeds than can turbines as hitherto made.

One way of constructing the machine is by mounting two or more flat circular disks upon a rotatable shaft with intervening disks of lsmaller diameter to separate the main disks, so as to leave narrow annular spaces between the main disks. The rotating shaft and disks .are inclosed in a casing having, preferably,

therefor maybe inclined at a greater angle `to the' tangent. turbine at a high Velocity and iiows between The fluid thus enters the the disks, driving them around by the force of its frictionV thereon, and the speed of movement of the disks ,is considerably less than the velocity of the fluid; but as the fiuid advances the friction tends to reduce its velocity, while imparting power to the rotating disks and shaft. Another way of constructing the machine is by mounting flat annular disks and separating-rings on a drum carried by a rotatable shaft. The turbine may be `adapted to the compound or multiple effect principle by passing the fiuid first through one set of disksA and afterward through another set or sets of disks situated in successive compartments of the inclosing case.

I will now describe, with reference to the accompanying drawings, manners in which my invention can be carried into effect.

Figures 1 and 2 represent in sectional elevations at right angles to each other a singlejet non-reversible machine moreJ especially suited for small-size turbines to be driven by steam. Fig. 3 is a transverservertical section of a non-reversible turbine with the set of disks driven by two jets. Figs. 4- and 5 are sections at right angles to each other of a non-reversible turbine With the set of disks driven by three jets. Fig. 6 shows in vertical section a reversible turbine 'with two jets, one for driving in one direction and the other for driving in the other direction. Fig.

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v two jets, one for driving in one direction and the other for driving in the other direction.

Fig. lOis a vertical section of a compound reversible turbine with three sets of disks in one case. Fig. Ilis a section of a portion of the disks and other parts drawn to a larger scale, showing la method of arranging the disks and of regulating theinlet-orifice. Fig. 12 is a section showing how the flat disks for large machines may be built up.

In all the figures corresponding parts are marked with the same letters of reference.

Referring iirst to Figs. l and 2, B is the Huid-inlet nozzle, fixed in the encircling ring of the turbine-case C and furnished with a fluid-supply cock at A. D D are the disks upon which the fluid acts by friction, as aforesaid,'and the spacing-disks or distance-pieces are marked E. It is impossible to indicate the true thickness of the disks D and F. in proportion to the other parts on a small-scale drawing, and therefore in Fig. 2 the lines D diagram matically represent a number of very thin disks and the cross-hatched part represents the parts of these disks separated by another set of disks or plates F.. F is the shaft carrying the disks, and H H arerivets or bolts holding the disks D and E' together by binding them tightly between the stiffening end disks N N, secured to the shaft F. The main bearings of the shaft are marked L L. M M are the sides of the turbine-case, and K K are fluid-tight rings riding on the shaft F and turning inside the covers to prevent leakage of the fluid medium. G is the "exhaust or outlet for the iiuid medium, which travels from the nozzle B, as indicated by the `arrows and diverging dotted lines.

The double jet non-reversible nia-chine (shown in Fig. 3) is suitable for driving dynamos, and"so,also, is the non-reversible mafor driving inthe other direction.

Fig. 7 represents a reversible turbine having two jets B B for driving in one direction and two other jets B B for driving in the other direction. The outlets are marked G G.

Fig. 8 shows a duplex arrangement of the turbine having a single case C2 with bearings for two shafts F F, each carrying a set of disks D D, these disks having no projections upon them, but overlappingin the path of the jet, leaving small spaces .between the adjacent disks through which the iiuid medium passes.

Fig. 9 is a compound reversible turbine operated by a single jet B or B in either direction. The respective outlets are marked G G.

Fig. l0 is a compound reversible machine with three shafts, each with a set of disks, all inclcsed in a single case C3 with three compartments, the central sets of disks being operated by two jets (B B or B B) and the other two being operated each by one of these jets.

Fig. 'll shows, drawn to an enlargedscale, the relative arrangement of the disks D and the disks or plates E, and also shows circular projections P pressed outward from the disks D for abutting against adjacent disks to preserve the spacing of the disks D. These projections P are also shown in Fig. I. y

For large machines the disks or rings D and E maybe built up in segments or sections from several plates and be joined together by edges, theheads Q of the rivets also acting as distance-pieces to preserve the correct spacing of the disks.

`The speed of the said turbines may be regulated by manipulating the stop-cock on the uid-supplypipe or by a throttle-valve gov ernor regulating the pressure of the fluid sup plied to the jets as commonly used nin ordinary steam-engines or by a governor regulating the amount of opening of the supply-noz' zlc-as, for instance, by operating a slide to cut off the supply of fluid from some of the annular spaces between the disks D, as indicated by the Vslide O in Fig. l1.

I have shown a stop-cock on the inlet only in Fig. l; but it is to be understood that the jets in the other figures may be similarly provided. Where I use more than one jet, these jets may be controlled in common.

I do not limit myself to the precise details, proportions, and arrangements illustrated in the. drawings,v as it will be obvious that they can be varied without departing from the nature of vmy invention. For example, I may use a group of jets in place of each one shown, and any other suitable means of maintaining the disks in proper relative position may be used. I may connect the exhaust or exhausts to a condenser when using steam as the fluid medium.

l. A turbine comprising a shaft, anumber of fiat circular disks spaced apart on the shaft and means for forcing a liquid in a straight line between the disks, whereby said disks and shafts are caused to revolve by the friction of the liquid on the sides of the disks, substantially as described.

2. A turbine having a casing, a shaft carrying flat disks spaced apart, means for passrivets passed through their abutting inclinedv IOO IIO

ing a Huid through the spaces thus formed to rotate the disks by friction, and an inlet and an outlet both in the circumference of the easing, as described.

3. A turbine having a'shaft carrying` flat disks, spaced apart, an kinlet for the motive fluid to rotate the disks by friction and an outlet in line with said inlet and tangential to the disks, substantially as described.

4. A turbine comprising a shaft carrying disks with annular spaces bet\veen them in combination with an inclosing casing,` provided With a fluid-inlet and an opposite outlet, in line With the inlet, whereby tl1e"i`luid passes in contact with the disks in a straight line through the annular' spaces between the disks to the outlet, substantially as described.

5. A turbine comprising anu mberot shafts, disks on said shafts, said disks being spaced apart, a casing for the shafts and disks and an inlet and ain-outlet in the easing placed in a line with each otherand crossingthe disks of more than one shaft, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature 25 in the .presence of two Witnesses.

EDGAR CHARLESlTl-IRUPP. Witnesses:

ALBERT DAVIS, JOHN EDWARD NEWTON.

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