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WO1991007728A1 - Appareil pour enregistrer une topographie epidermique - Google Patents

Appareil pour enregistrer une topographie epidermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991007728A1
WO1991007728A1 PCT/US1990/006397 US9006397W WO9107728A1 WO 1991007728 A1 WO1991007728 A1 WO 1991007728A1 US 9006397 W US9006397 W US 9006397W WO 9107728 A1 WO9107728 A1 WO 9107728A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
skin surface
opening
slit
skin
sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1990/006397
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alan Lester Backus
Ronald Martin Popeil
Original Assignee
Identity Technologies Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Identity Technologies Incorporated filed Critical Identity Technologies Incorporated
Publication of WO1991007728A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991007728A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/117—Identification of persons
    • A61B5/1171—Identification of persons based on the shapes or appearances of their bodies or parts thereof
    • A61B5/1172—Identification of persons based on the shapes or appearances of their bodies or parts thereof using fingerprinting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/1335—Combining adjacent partial images (e.g. slices) to create a composite input or reference pattern; Tracking a sweeping finger movement

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus and methods to accurately scan and record skin surface topography. More particularly, the present invention has embodiments which can accurately scan fingerprints.
  • These scanning devices can generally be divided into two groups: those using optics to scan, and those using mechanical sensing means.
  • Most of the devices using optics have the finger tip, or other skin surface to be scanned, placed on a trans ⁇ parent surface. Light is shown from the underside of the transparent surface toward the finger tip or skin surface, and the reflection of the light is detected by optical sensors which output a signal containing the fingerprint or other skin surface image.
  • a fingerprint, or other skin surface, scanning device which relies on optical reflection from a transparent surface can be confused by such residues and thus such devices tend to report erroneous skin surface features after several uses. Excessively oily, dirty or moist skin also tends to make devices relying on transparent surface optics less accurate.
  • Devices relying on mechanical sensing means to scan finger tip or other skin surface features generally util- ize matrices of delicate pressure sensing circuits. Such matrices tend to be temperamental under ideal conditions. Temperature changes, residues, moisture, and sun light exacerbate problems of accurate reporting by these devices.
  • the present invention provides apparatus and methods to accurately scan epidermal topography. Embodiments of the present invention rely upon observation of a skin surface through one or more openings in a supporting surface while the skin surface is moved relative to the openings.
  • Embodiments of the present invention have a guiding surface penetrated by one or more openings. Skin surfaces to be scanned are placed in contact with this guiding surface and they are moved relative to the one or more openings. During this movement, one or more scanning sensors on the opposite side of the guiding surface from the skin surface, scan successive sections of the skin surface through the openings.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention also employ tracking sensors to determine the amount of skin surface movement relative to the openings.
  • a computer or other logical device may be used to integrate the outputs from the scanning and tracking sensors to form an image of the skin surface.
  • logical apparatuses are used to identify patterns on the skin surface which can uniquely identify the skin surface. Because the skin surfaces are scanned through open ⁇ ings, there are no surfaces upon which residues may be deposited to obscure the device's accuracy.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are inherently accurate. Images observed through an opening may be recorded at any resolution, and observations of these . images may be made at any intervals as the openings move relative to the skin surfaces. Thus the present invention may produce images of virtually any detail. Sensing apparatus within embodiments of the present invention may openly observe the actual skin surfaces being scanned, without being obscured by soiled transparent skin surface support platforms.
  • openings accurately support skin surfaces relative to the sensing apparatuses contained in embodi ⁇ ments of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention may be compact and thus may be used in locations inappropriate for more cumbersome devices. Such locations may include next to store check out stands, in automobile ignitions and locks, in door locks, etc.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are inherently simple and inexpensive to produce. This in turn allows their economical use in cost sensitive applications such as to verify credit card use or for home door locks.
  • Embodiments of the present invention may be combined with magnetic credit card readers to reduce fraud in credit transactions.
  • Such embodiments might use two or more separate enclosures or might be combined into a single enclosure resembling one of today's stand alone credit card check stand readers with the present inven ⁇ tion's scanner integrated on one side.
  • Credit trans ⁇ actions using such embodiments would be conducted in a similar manner to today's credit transactions except purchasers using credit would be asked to have their fingerprints scanned. Information from the fingerprint scan would be stored and transmitted to credit verification companies along with other transaction information.
  • Embodiments of the present invention may even be used to replace plastic credit cards altogether for completing credit transactions.
  • a customer might go to a store check stand, identify the company with whom they have credit, give identifying information such as their name, their social security number, etc. and have their finger tip or other identifying skin surface scanned.
  • Such transactions would have advantages over today's credit card transactions of no-card convenience for the customer, and positive identification of credit customers for the vendor and creditor.
  • Portable embodiments of the present invention would even allow credit and other transactions to be conve ⁇ niently accomplished at restaurant tables or in the middle of store sales floors etc.
  • Information from such trans ⁇ actions could be immediately relayed to credit verifying computers via RF, infrared, phone lines and the like; or information could be stored for brief periods in the scanning device until the device could be connected to a phone line or other communication connection to relay the information to credit verifying computers.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a scanning device constructed in accord with the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a section taken through Figure 1 revealing internal operating apparatus.
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a second scanning device constructed in accord with the present invention.
  • Figure 4 shows an exploded section taken through
  • Figure 3 revealing internal operating apparatus.
  • Figure 5 shows a section taken through Figure 3 revealing internal operating apparatus before a scan occurs.
  • Figure 6 shows a section taken through Figure 3 revealing internal operating apparatus after a scan occurs.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention has a supporting surface 20 penetrated by a primary longitudinal slit opening 22.
  • the supporting surface 20 supports the skin surface to be scanned while it is being scanned.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a finger tip 24 being scanned by the first preferred embodiment.
  • the finger tip 24 is placed against the supporting surface 20 and moved linearly 26 110 in a direction essentially orthogonal to the direction of elongation of the primary longitudinal slit opening 22.
  • an illumination source 28 illuminates the tip's 24 surface features as displayed through the primary longitudinal slit opening 22.
  • a focussing element 30 resolves the reflected images onto a first linear sensing array 32 which outputs signals representing linear sections of the tip's 24 surface features.
  • a secondary longitudinal slit opening 34 essentially orthogonal to the primary longitudinal slit opening 22, allows monitoring 114 of the finger tip's 24 movement during the scan.
  • the focussing element 30 resolves the finger tip's 24 surface features onto the second linear sensing array 36 which outputs signals representing linear movement of the finger tip by tracking progress of the tip's 24 features as observed through the secondary slit opening 34.
  • This movement sensor 28 30 34 36 tracks finger tip movement relative to the primary longitudinal slit.
  • a guide wall 38 facilitates and controls finger tip 24 or other skin surface movement 26.
  • Surfaces which the skin surface touches may be made of slippery material such as Delron, Nylon, Celcon or polyethylene to prevent vibration or chatter of the skin surface as the finger is moved over the slit opening.
  • rollers or other mechanical means might be used to reduce surface drag.
  • the linear sensing arrays 32 36 may be CCD or similar type sensors, or may be of other construction. Outputs from these arrays 32 36 may be thresholded to form binary signals.
  • the linear sensing arrays 32 36 have reciprocal geometry to the openings in the supporting surface 22 34 because of optical properties of the resolving element 30. Such lens properties are well known to those knowledgeable in the art.
  • Signals from the first linear sensing array 32 and the second linear sensing array 36 contain sufficient data to reconstruct the finger tip's surface topography. Such information could be digitally encoded. Methods for encoding, compressing, transmitting, reconstructing, 116 and comparing these signals are well know to those knowl ⁇ edgeable in the art. As an example, the two signals from the primary and secondary sensors might be combined by logical means to reconstruct an image of the finger tip's surface topog ⁇ raphy. This data then might be compressed by logical means and temporarily stored in memory. Later this information might be combined with other information, such as records of a credit card transaction, and transmitted, using modems and phone lines, to a computer or other logical device used to verify and ⁇ or record credit transactions.
  • Another example would use logical means to immedi ⁇ ately compare the scanned data with scanned images stored in memory.
  • An acceptable match might result in: a car lock or door lock opening, or a car ignition starting, or access to a secure area, etc.
  • a specific application for embodiments of the present invention can be found in gambling casinos.
  • Gambling casinos have many locations under one roof where easily obtained, frequent, positive identification of individuals would be extremely useful for extending gambling credit and other purposes.
  • Slot machines, roulette wheels, twenty-one tables, poker tables, casino restaurants, and casino shops could all be fitted with embodiments of the present invention. Wagers and/or purchases could be made with aid of fingerprint or other skin surface scan for positive verification of each transaction.
  • Casinos could obtain at least three major benefits from this setup. First, the casino would have positive evidence that only individuals authorized to receive credit were using it. This contrasts with credit cards and personal identifica ⁇ tion numbers which can be transferred from one person to another. Second, the casino would be able to track the gambling habits of their customers to help the casino better develop their facilities. This contrasts with cash transactions where such record keeping is almost impos ⁇ sible. Finally, casinos could likely derive more revenue from facilities which don't have the inconvenience of using gambling chips and cash.
  • an embodiment of the present invention 100 would be connected to a computer or other logical means 102 which would con ⁇ tain previously scanned epidermal topographical images in its memory.
  • the logical means would have access to accurate time 104.
  • An individual would record their presence at the location by having a section of their epidermis scanned and matched by the computer 102 against the previously scanned images.
  • the computer would have means to record matches between the currently scanned and previously scanned images and the times when such matches occurred.
  • Means to match digital data signal inputs with digital signals stored in computer memory are well known to those in the art, as are means to record the times when such matches occur.
  • Such a device could provide positive proof of an individual's presence at a location at a given time.
  • a second scanner con- structed in accord with the present invention holds the observed skin surface 40 stationary while the longitudinal slit opening 42 penetrating the supporting surface 44 46 is moved 48.
  • the observed skin surface such as the finger tip 40 indicated, is positioned by a supporting surface having both rigid 44 and flexible 46 elements.
  • Guides 48 50 position the finger tip 40 or other observed skin surface on the supporting surface 44 46.
  • sensing 52 54 56 58 and drive 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 apparatuses mounted onto a module 82 which moves 48 relative to the finger tip 40.
  • the module 82 Upon actuation, the module 82, propelled by a motor 60 driving gear reduced 62 pinion gears 64 66 which engage linear rack gears 80, moves 48 causing the opening 42 and all sensing 52 545658 apparatus mounted to the module 82 to move 48 relative to the finger tip 40.
  • Figure 5 shows the module before this movement 48
  • figure 6 shows the module after.
  • the opening 42 which is created by a flexible ribbon 68 tensioned by rollers 72 74 mounted to the module 82, moves the length of the observed skin surface 40.
  • Sensing apparatus 52 54 56 58 also mounted to the module 82, moves with the longitudinal slit opening 42 and observes the skin surface 40 at regular intervals through the longitudinal slit opening 42.
  • This sensing apparatus includes: illuminating means 52 which illuminates the observed skin surface 40, resolving means 54 to focus the skin surface's image, and first sensing means 56 to detect the focused image.
  • Second sensing means 58 within the gear housing 62 monitors the module's 82 linear movement 48.
  • a computer or other logical device may be used to combine the outputs from the first 56 and second 58 sensing means to create an image of the observed skin surface 40.
  • the flexible 46 supporting surface is maintained during module 82 movement 48 by the flexible ribbon 68 which creates it being wrapped around the module's periphery by supporting rollers 70 72 74 76 78. As the module moves 48, these rollers 707274 7678 allow ribbon movement from one side of the longitudinal slit opening 42 to the other by way of movement around the module's 82 periphery.
  • Both the first and the second preferred embodiments may require light blocking hoods over their openings to prevent ambient light from striking the sensing means.
  • Both the first and second preferred embodiments may not need secondary sensors to detect movement of a skin surface relative to their primary slit openings.
  • logical means observing images appearing in the slit open ⁇ ings could create a pseudo images of skin surfaces based on the geometry of the skin surface patterns.
  • a logical device could record a slit image every time it observed a skin surface ridge which was parallel with slit opening. The composite of such recorded images might not physically resemble the actual skin surface, but it could still uniquely identify the skin surface.
  • Either the first or the second preferred embodiment could use secondary sensors to verify that the topography being observed is that belonging to skin.
  • sensors placed in proximity to the opening or openings could sense galvanic skin response which wouldn't be present in plastics which might be used to feign finger ⁇ prints or other skin surfaces.
  • Either the first or the second preferred embodiment could be contained in a single portable enclosure.
  • Logical means to process sensor thresholded binary signals are very compact as can be readily seen from today's por ⁇ table computers. Means to wirelessly relay such signals using RF or light are also well known and very compact. And all the above mechanisms are able to be operated by battery.
  • Such a portable units could even have keypads to enter data as well as have magnetic strip readers or other scanners to directly enter credit card data.
  • Such por ⁇ table devices could facilitate conducting credit trans ⁇ actions in locations ranging from sales floors to res ⁇ taurant tables.
  • Information could be relayed in real time to credit transacting facilities via RF, light and phone lines or the like, or it could be temporarily stored until the unit could be brought to a location where its infor ⁇ mation could be downloaded to such facilities via phone lines or other communication means.
  • Logical devices capable of executing algorithms to match epidermal surface features are also known to those knowledgeable in the art and are widely available. These devices include, but are not limited to: personal, mini, and mainframe computers. Activation means for the disclosed embodiments may include, but are not limited to: instructions to users; motors and other embodiment drive mechanisms; switches; software used by logical devices; etc. Relative movement between epidermis being scanned and opening or openings in supporting surfaces may be caused by: movement of the epidermis, movement of the opening or openings, or some combination of both.
  • tracking sensors other than reflec ⁇ tive optics such as one or more rollers which contact the skin surfaces while their topography is being scanned or breaking light beams or pressure sensitive surfaces or plungers or pivoting rods or galvanic resistance sensors or capacitance sensors or inductance sensor being used to track linear skin surface movement relative to the opening or openings; moving the opening or openings while learn the skin surface stationary; scanning skin surfaces in differs axes such as from side to side or up and down or diagonally; modifying the shape of the opening,or openings so they are curved or non-linear; changing the shape of the supporting surface so it's not flat by making it a simple or compound curve or having other configurations which might be adaptable to supporting skin surfaces; changing the scale of the device so it might scan several fingers or entire hands or feet or other skin sections; changing the shape of the opening or openings penetrating the supporting surface to round, rectangular, or other shapes, the surface so the skin surface is scanned as it passes over the edge

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Image Input (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil et des procédés pour analyser et enregistrer de manière précise la topographie de la surface de la peau. Plus particulièrement, la présente invention concerne des modes de réalisation pouvant analyser de manière précise des empreintes digitales. Les modes de réalisation décrits utilisent une surface de support (20) ayant un ou plusieurs orifices (22, 24). Les surfaces de la peau à analyser reposent sur la surface de support (20) et sont déplacés par rapport aux orifices (22, 24). Des moyens d'analyse de la topographie superficielle de la peau (28) observés à travers les orifices (22, 24) sont placés sur le côté opposé de la surface de support (20) par rapport aux surfaces de la peau à analyser. L'invention concerne un procédé et des appareils facilitant les transactions de crédit.
PCT/US1990/006397 1989-11-13 1990-11-06 Appareil pour enregistrer une topographie epidermique WO1991007728A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US43518689A 1989-11-13 1989-11-13
US435,186 1989-11-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991007728A1 true WO1991007728A1 (fr) 1991-05-30

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1990/006397 WO1991007728A1 (fr) 1989-11-13 1990-11-06 Appareil pour enregistrer une topographie epidermique

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AU (1) AU6640090A (fr)
WO (1) WO1991007728A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993010508A1 (fr) * 1991-11-19 1993-05-27 Digital Biometrics, Inc. Appareil portable de lecture d'empreintes digitales pour la verification d'identite
US5467403A (en) * 1991-11-19 1995-11-14 Digital Biometrics, Inc. Portable fingerprint scanning apparatus for identification verification
US5796858A (en) * 1996-05-10 1998-08-18 Digital Persona, Inc. Fingerprint sensing system using a sheet prism
US5954583A (en) * 1992-11-05 1999-09-21 Com21 Limited Secure access control system
US6002787A (en) * 1992-10-27 1999-12-14 Jasper Consulting, Inc. Fingerprint analyzing and encoding system
US6097035A (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-08-01 Digital Persona, Inc. Fingerprint detection apparatus with partial fingerprint images
US6122737A (en) * 1997-11-14 2000-09-19 Digital Persona, Inc. Method for using fingerprints to distribute information over a network
US6125192A (en) * 1997-04-21 2000-09-26 Digital Persona, Inc. Fingerprint recognition system
US6950539B2 (en) 1998-09-16 2005-09-27 Digital Persona Configurable multi-function touchpad device

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3804524A (en) * 1972-08-31 1974-04-16 G Nanus Apparatus for controlling fingerprint identification
US4784484A (en) * 1985-05-02 1988-11-15 Jydsk Telefon A/S Method and apparatus for automatic scanning of fingerprints
US4843377A (en) * 1987-04-21 1989-06-27 Guardian Technologies, Inc. Remote confinement system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3804524A (en) * 1972-08-31 1974-04-16 G Nanus Apparatus for controlling fingerprint identification
US4784484A (en) * 1985-05-02 1988-11-15 Jydsk Telefon A/S Method and apparatus for automatic scanning of fingerprints
US4843377A (en) * 1987-04-21 1989-06-27 Guardian Technologies, Inc. Remote confinement system

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993010508A1 (fr) * 1991-11-19 1993-05-27 Digital Biometrics, Inc. Appareil portable de lecture d'empreintes digitales pour la verification d'identite
US5467403A (en) * 1991-11-19 1995-11-14 Digital Biometrics, Inc. Portable fingerprint scanning apparatus for identification verification
US6002787A (en) * 1992-10-27 1999-12-14 Jasper Consulting, Inc. Fingerprint analyzing and encoding system
US5954583A (en) * 1992-11-05 1999-09-21 Com21 Limited Secure access control system
US5796858A (en) * 1996-05-10 1998-08-18 Digital Persona, Inc. Fingerprint sensing system using a sheet prism
US6125192A (en) * 1997-04-21 2000-09-26 Digital Persona, Inc. Fingerprint recognition system
US6741729B2 (en) 1997-04-21 2004-05-25 Digital Persona, Inc. Fingerprint recognition system
US7231070B2 (en) 1997-04-21 2007-06-12 Digital Persona, Inc. Fingerprint recognition system
US7519204B2 (en) 1997-04-21 2009-04-14 Digitalpersona, Inc. Fingerprint recognition system
US6122737A (en) * 1997-11-14 2000-09-19 Digital Persona, Inc. Method for using fingerprints to distribute information over a network
US6950539B2 (en) 1998-09-16 2005-09-27 Digital Persona Configurable multi-function touchpad device
US6097035A (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-08-01 Digital Persona, Inc. Fingerprint detection apparatus with partial fingerprint images

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6640090A (en) 1991-06-13

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