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WO1991009537A1 - Produits alimentaires renfermant des graisses a faible teneur en calories et des sucres a faible teneur en calories - Google Patents

Produits alimentaires renfermant des graisses a faible teneur en calories et des sucres a faible teneur en calories Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991009537A1
WO1991009537A1 PCT/US1990/006940 US9006940W WO9109537A1 WO 1991009537 A1 WO1991009537 A1 WO 1991009537A1 US 9006940 W US9006940 W US 9006940W WO 9109537 A1 WO9109537 A1 WO 9109537A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydroxymethyl
fat
composition
reduced calorie
triglycerides
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1990/006940
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Marvin Joseph Mohlenkamp, Jr.
Phillip Floyd Pflaumer
Original Assignee
The Procter & Gamble Company
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Publication of WO1991009537A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991009537A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
    • A23G3/36—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G3/42—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the carbohydrates used, e.g. polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS OR COOKING OILS
    • A23D7/00—Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines
    • A23D7/005—Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
    • A23D7/0053—Compositions other than spreads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS OR COOKING OILS
    • A23D7/00—Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines
    • A23D7/005—Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
    • A23D7/0056—Spread compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS OR COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils
    • A23D9/007—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
    • A23G3/346—Finished or semi-finished products in the form of powders, paste or liquids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
    • A23G3/36—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G3/38—Sucrose-free products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
    • A23G3/36—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G3/40—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the fats used
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/30—Artificial sweetening agents
    • A23L27/33—Artificial sweetening agents containing sugars or derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/60—Salad dressings; Mayonnaise; Ketchup
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G2200/00—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF containing organic compounds, e.g. synthetic flavouring agents
    • A23G2200/06—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF containing organic compounds, e.g. synthetic flavouring agents containing beet sugar or cane sugar if specifically mentioned or containing other carbohydrates, e.g. starches, gums, alcohol sugar, polysaccharides, dextrin or containing high or low amount of carbohydrate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G2200/00—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF containing organic compounds, e.g. synthetic flavouring agents
    • A23G2200/08—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF containing organic compounds, e.g. synthetic flavouring agents containing cocoa fat if specifically mentioned or containing products of cocoa fat or containing other fats, e.g. fatty acid, fatty alcohol, their esters, lecithin, paraffins

Definitions

  • This application relates to food compositions containing certain reduced calorie fats and certain reduced calorie sugars.
  • This application particularly relates to flavored confectionery fat products, baked good products and emulsified oil products which contain such fats and sugars.
  • chocolate-flavored confec ⁇ tionery products comprise cocoa butter or a cocoa butter fat substitute, and sugar, typically in the form of sucrose.
  • Other examples of such products are baked goods such as cookies, brownies and cakes and frozen desserts such as ice cream.
  • the fat and sugar components in such products can provide a significant number of calories.
  • the caloric load is due to the triglycerides that are present.
  • a natural fat such as corn oil
  • vegetable protein provides only about 4 calories per gram.
  • a number of solutions have been proposed for replacing the fat component in such products.
  • gums and other thickeners are typically used to replace a portion of the fat component by increasing the amount of water that is present.
  • these substitutes often have a number of undesirable properties, particularly in the textural and flavor area. Accordingly, it would be desirable to substitute for higher calorie fats other materials which have reduced calories, but still provide the textural and flavor properties of fat.
  • sucrose is often used in such products. It is well known that sucrose imparts a significant number of calories to such food products. The caloric density of sucrose is about 4 calories per gram. In addition, certain diseases, in particular diabetes, require the affected person to restrict their intake of sucrose and other sugars.
  • a variety of high intensity, reduced calorie sweeteners have been developed to replace sugar.
  • Prominent examples of such reduced calorie sweeteners are aspartame and acesulfame. While these materials can replace the sweetness component, they are totally incapable of providing the other functional properties of sugar. These other functional properties include water activity (a w ) reduction, control of starch gelatinization temperature, and viscosity.
  • bul ing or bodying agents have been proposed to replace sugars to provide these other functional properties.
  • These bulking agents include cellulosic derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose, hydrocolloid gums and certain wholly or partially nondigestible carbohydrates.
  • a prominent example of such partially nondigestible carbohydrates is the polyglucose derivative referred to as polydextrose. See U.S. Patent 3,766,165 to Rennhard, issued October 16, 1973, which discloses the use of polydextrose, and its related polyglucose derivatives, as non-nutritive carbohydrate substitutes in a variety of food products, including cakes, dietetic ice cream, low calorie salad dressings, chocolate coating formulations, whipped toppings and french salad dressings.
  • Polydextrose does not behave like a simple sugar and particularly does not have the same baking properties as sugars. Instead, it functions more as a filler or viscosity controlling agent, much like starch dextrins. Polydextrose works very well in low water systems such as hard candies. -3-
  • polydextrose does not work very well. Polydextrose can also be used in high water systems such as cakes and ice creams, but requires strict formulation control. Accordingly, it would be desirable to have a reduced calorie substitute for sugar that provides its functional properties in a variety of food products without requiring strict formulation control.
  • Patent 4,814,195 to Yokoyama et al, issued March 21, 1989 (reduced calorie peanut butter products containing solid low calorie bulking agents, preferably polydextrose);
  • U.S. Patent 4,818,553 to Holscher et al, issued April 4, 1989 (bakery products containing a water-in-oil emulsion shortening phase, flour, eggs, leavening agents and a low calorie bulking agent, preferably polydextrose, as a partial replacement for sucrose).
  • the present invention relates to fat-containing and sugar-containing food compositions which comprise: (1) from about 2 to about 98% of a fat component having from about 10 to 100% of a certain reduced calorie fat; and (2) from about 2 to about 98% of a sugar component having from about 10 to about 100% of a certain reduced calorie sugar.
  • the reduced calorie fat present in this fat component comprises: at least about 15% reduced calorie triglycerides selected from the group consisting of MML, MLM, MLL and LML triglycerides, and mixtures thereof, wherein M - fatty acids selected from the group consisting of Cg to C10 saturated fatty acids, and mixtures thereof, and L ⁇ fatty acids selected from the group consisting of C17 to C26 saturated fatty acids, and mixtures thereof, and wherein the fat has the following fatty acid composition by weight percent:
  • the reduced calorie sugars present in the sugar component are the 5-C-hydroxymethyl hexose compounds and their derivatives.
  • the reduced calorie fats used in the present invention comprise at least about 15% reduced calorie triglycerides selected from the group consisting of MML, MLM, MLL, and LML triglycerides, and mixtures thereof; wherein M ⁇ fatty acids selected from the group consisting of C ⁇ to C ⁇ o saturated fatty acids, and mixtures thereof, and L - fatty acids selected from the group consisting of C17 to C26 saturated fatty acids, and mixtures thereof; and wherein the fat has the following fatty acid composition by weight percent:
  • medium chain fatty acids C6:0 (caproic), C ⁇ :0 (caprylic), or Cio:0 (capric) fatty acids, or mixtures thereof.
  • the C7 and Cg saturated fatty acids are not commonly found, but they are not excluded from the possible medium chain fatty acids.
  • the present medium chain fatty acids do not include 1auric acid (Ci2: ⁇ )» some ⁇ times referred to in the art as a medium chain fatty acid.
  • long chain fatty acids is meant Ci7;0 (margaric), C ⁇ :0 (stearic), C19-0 (nonadecylic), C20-.0 -6-
  • MML a triglyceride containing a long chain fatty acid in the #1 or #3 position (an end position) with two medium chain fatty acids in the remaining two positions. (The absorption of long chain saturated fatty acids is generally reduced in the end positions.)
  • MLM represents a triglyceride with a long chain fatty acid in the #2 position (the middle position) and two medium chain fatty acids in the #1 and #3 positions
  • MLM represents a triglyceride with a medium chain fatty acid in the #1 or #3 position and two long chain fatty acids in the remaining two positions
  • LML represents a triglyceride with a medium chain fatty acid in the #2 position and two long chain fatty acids in the #1 and #3 positions.
  • the key to these reduced calorie fats is * their com ⁇ bination of particular long chain fatty acid moieties with medium chain fatty acid moieties.
  • the medium chain fatty acids lower the melting point of the fats, and different fatty acid combinations can be used to control the fats' physical properties for specific food applications. This results in a good-tasting fat having good mouthmelt, texture and flavor displ y.
  • these reduced calorie fats can be used in a wide variety of food products, and at higher concentrations in the products to afford a greater calorie reduction. This is in contrast to the more limited use of a more waxy-tasting triglyceride, e.g., a triglyceride containing lauric acid and long chain fatty acids. This nonwaxy taste benefit is particularly evident in -7-
  • chocolate products made with preferred reduced calorie fats As measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), chocolate products containing these preferred fats are completely melted at a temperature of from 94 * to 96 * F (34.4 * to 35.6 * C). Most of the melting of these chocolate products also occurs in the fairly narrow temperature range of from 80 * to 94'F (26.7* to 34.4*C).
  • Another advantage of these reduced calorie fats is that they typically contain only limited amounts of saturated Cj.2 to Ci ⁇ fatty acids. Ingestion of large amounts of these fatty acids is known to promote hypercholesterolemia.
  • medium chain fatty acids are readily hydrolyzed from the triglycerides. These hydrolyzed medium chain fatty acids are absorbed and then transported directly to the liver (via the hepatic portal vein) where they are extensively oxidized to provide a rapid energy source.
  • These reduced calorie fats permit an at least about 10% reduction in calories, and preferably an at least about 30% reduction in calories over typical chain length triglycerides (i.e., corn oil), and usually between about 20% and 50% reduction in calories.
  • the reduction in calories provided by these reduced calorie fats is based on the net energy gain (in Kcal) of rats that have ingested a diet containing the reduced calorie fats, relative to the net energy gain (in Kcal) of rats that have ingested an identical diet, but containing corn oil instead of the reduced calorie fat.
  • the test diets used are nutritionally adequate to support both maintenance and growth of the rats.
  • Total food intake and fat/oil intake are also matched between the two diet groups so that differences in net carcass energy gain are due entirely to the utilizable energy content of the fat/oil.
  • "Net energy gain” is based on the total carcass energy (in -8-
  • Total carcass energy is determined by the dry carcass energy per gram (Kcal per gram) multiplied by the dry weight of the carcass (in grams).
  • Carcass energy per gram is based on the carcass energy (in Kcal) as determined by bomb calorimetry of a homogeneous sample of the total dry carcass. All of these energy values are the average of a representative sample of rats (i.e., 10 rats).
  • reduced calorie fats will preferably contain not more than about 5%, and most preferably not more than about 0.5%, C ⁇ : ⁇ fatty acid. It is also preferred that the fat contain not. more than about 20% saturated C24 to C26 fatty acids, and most preferably not more than about 10%.
  • Preferred reduced calorie fats of the present invention comprise from about 30 to about 60% Cs to C10 saturated fatty acids and from about 30 to about 60% Cis to C22 saturated fatty acids.
  • These reduced calorie fats can contain limited amounts of other fatty acids besides medium and long chain fatty acids, without losing the desired benefits. Palmitic acid (Cie-o) is about 95% absorbed by the body, while the longer chain fatty acids are less absorbed. Therefore, it is preferred that these reduced calorie fats contain not more than about 10% Cl6:0 fatty acid. These reduced calorie fats will also preferably contain not more than about 6% fatty acids selected from the group consisting of C ⁇ :l» C ⁇ :2» c 18:3» and mixtures thereof, more preferably not more than about 1%, and most preferably not more than about 0.5%.
  • Preferred reduced calorie fats also contain not more than about 3%, and more preferably not more than about 1% fatty acids selected from the group consisting of Ci2:0 (lauric) and Ci4 : o (myristic), and mixtures thereof.
  • Ci2:0 lauric
  • Ci4 o
  • Myristic acid result in more fat deposition than medium chain fatty acids.
  • these reduced calorie fats comprise at least about 30% of the triglycerides containing combinations of medium and long chain fatty acids (i.e., MML, MLM, MLL and LML triglycerides), more preferably at least about 50% of these triglycerides, and most preferably at least about 80% of these triglycerides.
  • Preferred reduced calorie fats comprise at least about 10% of a mixture of MML and MLM triglycerides, more preferably at least about 35% of such combined trigly ⁇ cerides, and most preferably at least about 70% of such combined triglycerides.
  • Preferred reduced calorie fats also comprise not more than about 40% combined MLL and LML tri- glycerides, more preferably not more than about 20% combined MLL and LML triglycerides, and most preferably not more than about 5% combined MLL and LML triglycerides. For most uses, these preferred reduced calorie fats also comprise minimized levels of MMM triglycerides and LLL triglycerides.
  • MMM as used herein, is meant a triglyceride containing medium chain saturated fatty acid residues at all three positions.
  • LLLL represents a triglyceride containing long chain saturated fatty acid residues at all three positions.
  • These preferred reduced calorie fats comprise not more than about 15%, more preferably not more than about 10%, and most preferably not more than about 5% MMM triglycerides. These preferred reduced calorie fats also comprise not more than about 5%, more preferably not more than about 2%, and most preferably not more than about 1% LLL triglycerides. However, for ice creams and ice cream coatings, these reduced calorie fats preferably comprise from about 10 to about 15% MMM triglycerides.
  • These reduced calorie fats are particularly preferred for chocolate and other confectionery products. These particularly preferred reduced calorie fats comprise at -10-
  • These preferred reduced calorie fats also comprise no more than about 5% combined MLL and LML triglycerides, more preferably no more than about 2% MLL and LML triglycerides, and most preferably no more than about 1% combined MLL and LML triglycerides.
  • These particularly preferred reduced calorie fats further comprise no more than about 4%, preferably no more than about 2% and most preferably no more than about 1% MMM triglycerides, and no more than about 2%, preferably no more than about 1% and most preferably no more than about 0.5% LLL triglycerides.
  • CNP carbon number profiles
  • the triglycerides used in these reduced calorie fats can be prepared by a wide variety of techniques such as:
  • transesterification of a blend of medium and long chain fatty acid methyl esters with glycerol (d) transesterification of long chain fatty acid glycerol esters (e.g., glyceryl behenate) with medium chain triglycerides; and (e) esterification of long chain fatty acid monoglycerides (e.g. monostearin or monobehenin) with medium chain fatty acids or the respective anhydrides.
  • long chain fatty acid monoglycerides e.g. monostearin or monobehenin
  • Fatty acids per se or naturally occurring fats and oils can serve as sources of fatty acids for preparing the reduced calorie triglycerides.
  • hydrogenated soybean oil and hydrogenated high erucic acid rapeseed oil are good sources of stearic and behenic acid, respectively.
  • Odd chain length long chain saturated fatty acids can be derived from certain marine oils.
  • Medium chain saturated fatty acids can be obtained from coconut, palm kernel, or babassu oils. They can also be obtained from commercial medium chain trigly ⁇ cerides, such as the Captex 300 brand sold by Capital City Products of Columbus, Ohio.
  • Tribehenin useful for making the present triglycerides, can be made from behenic acid or from fractionated methyl behenate by esterification of the acid, or by trans ⁇ esterification of the methyl behenate with glycerol. More importantly, blends of behenic acid and medium chain fatty acids can be esterified with glycerol. Other long chain fatty acids (Ci ⁇ , 20 » etc.) can be part of the process. Similarly, methyl ester blends can also be interesterified with glycerol.
  • These reduced calorie fats are generally made by blending the above-described triglycerides with additional fat or oil ingredients.
  • the invention is not limited by the method of preparation; other methods known to the art for making fats or oils can also be used.
  • the fats can be refined, bleached, deodorized, or processed in other ways not inconsistent with the purposes of the invention.
  • Fractional distillation of these reduced calorie fats is not limited to molecular distillation, but can also include conventional distillation (continuous or batch). After -13-
  • the synthesis of the fats it is common to use a conventional batch distillation technique to remove most of the excess medium chain triglycerides, and then continue with molecular distillation.
  • the vacuum requirements are not as strict, and the temperature used can be higher in conventional distillation versus molecular distillation.
  • the conventional distillation temperature is generally between 405 * F (207 * C) and 515'F (268.3*C).
  • the absolute pressure is less than 8 mm Hg, more preferably less than 2 mm Hg.
  • the distillation is aided by sparging with steam, nitrogen or other inert gas (e.g., CO2).
  • the distillation is carried out to remove part of the excess MMM triglycerides, most of the excess MMM triglycerides, or to distill also the mono-long chain (MLM and MML) components.
  • Crystal fractionation of the fats can be carried out with and without solvents, with and without agitation. The crystal fractionation can be repeated several times. Crystal fractionation is particularly effective to remove high melters. Fractionation of behenic MCT without solvents can be used to remove carbon number 50 and 52 MLL and LML components, which in turn alters the melting profile of the fat.
  • the reduced calorie sugars used in the present invention are the 5-C-hydroxymethyl hexose compounds and their derivatives. See U.S. application Serial No. 339,531 to Adam W. Mazur, filed April 20, 1989 (herein incorporated by ref ⁇ erence), which discloses these reduced calorie sugars and especially the Examples for their synthesis and U.S. application Serial No. 337,725 to Adam W. Mazur, George D. Hiler, Jr., Gordon K. Stipp and Bernard K. Kluesener, filed April 17, 1989 (herein incorporated by reference), for an alternative synthesis of the 5-C-hydroxymethyl aldohexoses.
  • hexose means a sugar containing six carbons. This term encompasses both aldehyde containing hexoses (aldohexoses) and ketone containing hexoses (ketohexoses). -14-
  • aldohexoses refers to the group of sugars whose molecule contains six carbon atoms, one aldehyde group and five alcohol groups.
  • the sixteen stereoisomers of the aldohexose series are D-allose, D-altrose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-gulose, D-idose, D-galactose, D-talose, L-allose, L-altrose, L-glucose, L-mannose, L-gulose, L-idose, L-galactose and L-talose.
  • Aldohexoses may also occur in an a or ⁇ anomeric configuration, depending on the position of the C-l hydroxyl group. Examples are:
  • ketohexose refers to the group of sugars which contain six carbon atoms, one ketone group and five alcohol groups.
  • the eight stereoisomers are D- and L- isomers of psicose, fructose, sorbose and tagatose.
  • these ketohexoses can exist in solution as an equilibrium mixture of several "tautomeric forms”: pyran-ring; a furan ring and a straight chain ketone form.
  • sacchar derivatives refer to the 5-C-hydroxylmethyl derivatives of the hexoses and their stereoisomers and polymers.
  • polyol includes all polyhydric alcohols (i.e., those compounds of the general formula CH2 ⁇ H(CHOH) n CH2 ⁇ H, where n may be from 0 to 5.). Glycerol contains three hydroxyl groups. Those with more than three are called sugar alcohols.
  • the 5-C-hydroxymethyl ldohexose monosaccharides include the following:
  • the preferred embodiments of the straight-chain 5-C- hydroxymethylaldohexose compounds are 5-C-hydroxymethyl derivatives of galactose, glucose, and mannose. Due to the relative ease of synthesizing galactose-based compounds, 5-C-hydroxymethyl derivative of D-galactose is the most preferred compound. ⁇ 16-
  • the preferred embodiments of the 5-C-hydroxymethyl- aldohexopyranose compounds are 5-C-hydroxymethyl derivatives of galactopyranose, -glucopyranose, and -mannopyranose. Due to the relative ease of synthesizing galactose-based com ⁇ pounds, the 5-C-hydroxymethyl derivative of D-galactopyranose is the most preferred compound.
  • the preferred embodiments of the 5-C-hydroxymethyl- aldohexofuranose compounds are 5-C-hydroxymethyl derivatives of galactofuranose, -glucofuranose, and -mannofuranose. Due to the relative ease of synthesizing galactose-based compounds, the 5-C-hydroxymethyl derivative of D-gal ctofuranose is the most preferred embodiment.
  • the 5-C-hydroxymethyl-aldohexose derivatives include: (IV)
  • l,6-anhydro-5-C-hydroxymethyl-0-D-aldohexopyranose The preferred embodiment of the l,6-anhydro-5-C-hydroxy- methyl-0-D-aldohexopyranose compounds is l,6-anhydro-5-C- hydroxymethyl-0-D-galactopyranose.
  • the preferred embodiments of the l,6-anhydro-5-C-hydroxy- methyl-0-L-aldohexopyranose compounds are l,6-anhydro-5-C- hydroxymethyl-3-L-altropyranose, -gulopyranose and idopyra- nose.
  • the most preferred embodiment is l,6-anhydro-5-C-hydroxymethyl- 0-L-altropyranose.
  • R is an alkyl group containing one to four carbon atoms.
  • alkyl 5-C-hydroxymethyl- aldohexopyranosides are ethyl and methyl 5-C-hydroxymethyl- aldohexopyranoside.
  • the most preferred embodiment is ethyl
  • R is an a lkyl group containing one to four carbon atoms, alkyl 5-C-hydroxymethylaldohexofuranoside ⁇ 18-
  • alkyl 5 C-hydroxymethyl- aldohexofuranosides are ethyl and methyl 5-C-hydroxymethyl- aldohexofuranoside.
  • the most preferred embodiment is ethyl 5-C-hydroxymethyl-L-arabinohexofuranoside.
  • VIII Another derivative occurs when a polyol is covalently bound by a glycoside linkage to one of the above-mentioned 5-C-hydroxymethylated saccharides.
  • Preferred embodiments of these compounds include:
  • Preferred embodiments are 5-C-hydroxymethyl derivatives of fructose and sorbose, including alkyl glycosides, due to the availability of natural sugars.
  • the monosaccharides discussed above (I-XI) may also be classified as simple sugars.
  • Simple sugar linkages are the building blocks for di-, tri-, oligo- and polysaccharides.
  • the novel di-, tri-, oligo- and polysaccharides of the present invention contain at least one simple sugar group (i.e., monosaccharides, onosaccharide derivatives) from the monosaccharides discussed above (I-XI) or their alditols -20-
  • glycoside linkages covalently bound through glycoside linkages to one or more simple sugar or simple sugar groups through any of the glycoside acceptor carbon positions (i.e., C-l through C-7).
  • the preferred glycoside linkages are through C-l and C-4.
  • Preferred disaccharides comprise at least one simple sugar linkage selected from the group consisting of 5-C-hydroxymethylaldohexose; l,6-anhydro-5-C-hydroxymethyl-0-D-aldohexopyranose; l,6-anhydro-5-C-hydroxymethyl-0-L-aldohexopyranose; 5-C-hydroxymethylaldohexosyl polyol and alkyl 5-C-hydroxy ⁇ methylaldohexoside, where the alkyl group is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl.
  • Other preferred disaccharides comprise at least one simple sugar linkage selected from the group consisting of 5-C-hydroxymethylketohexose; 5-C-hydroxymethylketohexosyl polyol and alkyl 5-C-hydroxymethylketohexoside wherein the alkyl group is selected from the group of methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl .
  • the preferred disaccharides containing 5-C-hydroxymethyl keto hexoses are:
  • the preferred trisaccharides comprise at least one simple sugar linkage selected from the group consisting of 5-C- hydroxymethylaldohexose; l,6-anhydro-5-C-hydroxymethyl-j3-D- aldohexopyranose; 1,6-anhydro-5-C-hydroxymethyl - ⁇ -l- aldohexopyranose; 5-C-hydroxymethylaldohexosyl polyol derivatives and alkyl 5-C-hydroxymethyl-D-aldohexoside, where the alkyl is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl.
  • the most preferred trisaccharide embodiment is:
  • Preferred oligosaccharides comprise at least one simple sugar linkage selected from the group consisting of 5-C-hydroxymethylaldohexose; l,6-anhydro-5-C- hydroxymethyl-0-D-aldohexopyranose; l,6-anhydro-5-C- hydroxymethyl - ⁇ -L-aldohexopyranose; 5-C-hydroxy ⁇ methylaldohexosyl polyol derivatives and alkyl 5-C-hydroxy ⁇ methylaldohexoside, where the alkyl group is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl. -24-
  • the preferred polysaccharides comprise at least one simple sugar linkage selected from the group consisting of 5-C-hydroxymethylaldohexose; 1,6-anhydro-5-C-hydroxy- methyl - ⁇ - ⁇ -aldohexopyranose; l,6-anhydro-5-C-hydroxy- methyl - ⁇ -l-aldohexopyranose; 5-C-hydroxymethylaldohexosyl polyol derivatives; alkyl 5-C-hydroxymethy1aldohexoside, 5-C-hydroxymethylketohexose, 5-C-hydroxylmethylketohexosyl -25-
  • polysaccharide embodiment is an arabinogalactan derivative wherein at least one D-galactosyl component is replaced with a 5-C-hydroxymethyl-o-L-arabinopyranosyl group.
  • the fat-containing and sugar-containing food compositions of the present invention comprise: (1) from about 2 to about 98% (more typically from about 5 to about 95%) of a fat component; and (2) from about 2 to about 98% (more typically from about 5 to about 95%) of a sugar component.
  • the particular level of fat component and sugar component that can be present in these food compositions will vary greatly depending on the particular food product involved. For example, for baked good products, these compositions typically comprise from about 5 to about 30% fat component, and from about 20 to about 60% sugar component. In the case of flavored confectionery fat products, these compositions typically comprise from about 10 to about 45% fat component and from about 20 to about 90% sugar component. In the case of emulsified oil products, these compositions typically comprise from about 20 to about 90% fat component and from about 2 to about 20% sugar component.
  • the fat component of these food compositions comprises the reduced calorie fats described in part A of this application, in whole or in part.
  • the particular level of reduced calorie fat which is present in this fat component can vary widely depending upon the food product involved, and particularly the reduced calorie benefits desired.
  • the fat component comprises from about 10 to 100% reduced calorie fat.
  • the fat component comprises from about 30 to 100%, and most preferably from about 50 to 100%, reduced calorie fat. -26-
  • the fat component of the present invention can include other regular calorie fats and oils.
  • suitable sources of regular fats and oils include, but are not limited to: (1) vegetable fats and oils such as soybean, corn, sunflower, rapeseed, low erucic acid rapeseed, canola, cottonseed, olive, safflower, and sesame seed; (2) meat fats such as tallow or lard; (3) marine oils; (4) nut fats and oils such as coconut, palm, palm kernel, or peanut; (5) milkfat; (6) cocoa butter and cocoa butter substitutes such as shea, or illipe butter; and (7) synthetic fats.
  • the sugar component of these food compositions comprises the reduced calorie sugars described in part B of this application, in whole or in part.
  • the particular level of reduced calorie sugar that can be present in the carbohydrate component will depend upon the food product involved, and particularly the reduced calorie benefits desired.
  • the sugar component comprises from about 10 to 100% reduced calorie sugars.
  • the sugar component comprises from about 30 to 100%, and most preferably from about 50 to 100%, reduced calorie sugars.
  • the sugar component of the present invention can include regular calorie sugars.
  • regular calorie sugars include, but are not limited to high maltose corn syrups, high fructose corn syrups, sucrose, fructose, glucose, and maltose, and sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, xylitol and mannitol, etc.
  • the fat-containing and sugar-containing food compositions of the present invention are particularly suitable in formulating reduced calorie flavored confectionery fat compositions, particularly chocolate-flavored confectionery fat compositions, such as chocolate-flavored candy bars, chocolate-flavored coatings for enrobed products and chocolate-flavored chips.
  • chocolate-flavored confectionery fat compositions such as chocolate-flavored candy bars, chocolate-flavored coatings for enrobed products and chocolate-flavored chips.
  • Particularly preferred examples of such flavored confectionery compositions comprise: -27-
  • a flavor enhancing amount of a flavor component b. from about 25 to about 45% of a fat component comprising: (1) at least about 70% of a reduced calorie fat having:
  • compositions are preferably tempered according to the process disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,888,196, to Ehrman et al, issued December 19, 1989, which is incorporated by reference.
  • This process comprises the following steps: (I) forming a temperable flavored confectionery composition as defined above; (II) rapidly cooling the composition of step (I) to a temperature of about 57*F or less so that the reduced calorie fat forms a sub ⁇ phase; (III) holding the cooled composition of step (II) at -28-
  • step (III) after step (III), warming the cooled composition to a temperature in the range of from above about 57 * to about 72 * F in a manner such that: (a) the remaining portion of the reduced calorie fat transforms into a stable ⁇ -3 phase; and (b) the ⁇ -3 phase formed does not melt.
  • Certain of the reduced calorie fats can be crystallized into a stable ⁇ -3 phase.
  • the rate of crystallization of these reduced calorie fats into the ⁇ -3 phase is extremely slow under standard tempering conditions used with cocoa butter-based chocolate products. This rate is sufficiently slow so as to make cocoa butter-type tempering of flavored confectionery compositions containing these reduced calorie fats commercially unattractive.
  • tempering according to U.S. Patent 4,888,196 provides a commercially ' attractive process that is simpler than even the standard tempering conditions used with cocoa butter-based chocolate products. In particular, this tempering process can be carried out during the normal warehousing and distribution of the flavored confectionery product.
  • the fat-containing and sugar-containing food compositions of the present invention are also particularly suitable in the formulation of baked good products.
  • baked goods refers to all manner of foods which are cooked (i.e., prepared using heat). These baked goods include, but are not limited to, foods prepared using dry heat (i.e., a radiant or convection oven), fried foods, boiled foods and foods heated in a microwave oven. These baked goods can be in any form such as mixes, shelf-stable baked goods, and frozen baked goods.
  • the reduced calorie sugars used need to be the trisaccharide, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide, and preferably disaccharide versions of the 5-C-hydroxymethyl hexoses, and their derivatives.
  • Suitable baked good products according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, cakes, brownies, muffins, bar cookies, wafers, biscuits, pastries, pies, piecrusts, and cookies, including sandwich cookies and chocolate chip cookies, particularly the storage-stable dual-textured cookies described in U.S. Patent 4,455,333 to Hong et al, issued June 19, 1984.
  • These baked good products can contain food, creme, or other fillings.
  • Other baked good uses include breads and rolls, crackers, pretzels, pancakes, waffles, ice cream cones and cups, yeast-raised baked goods, pizzas and pizza crust, baked farinaceous snack foods, and other baked salted snacks.
  • fat-containing and sugar-containing food compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to: emulsified oil products such as margarines, salad dressings and mayonnaise-like products, ice cream and other frozen desserts, whipped toppings, frostings and icings.
  • emulsified oil products such as margarines, salad dressings and mayonnaise-like products, ice cream and other frozen desserts, whipped toppings, frostings and icings.
  • the food compositions of the present invention can also be fortified with vitamins and minerals, particularly the fat-soluble vitamins.
  • the fat-soluble vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K.
  • Vitamin A is a fat-soluble alcohol of the formula C20H29OH. Natural vitamin A is usually found esterified with a fatty acid; metabolically active forms of vitamin A also include the corresponding aldehyde and acid.
  • Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin well known for use in the treatment and prevention of rickets and other skeletal disorders. Vitamin D comprises sterols, and there are at least 11 sterols with vitamin D-type activity. Vitamin E (tocopherol) is a third fat-soluble vitamin which can be used in the present invention.
  • Vitamin K exists in at least three, forms, all belonging to the group of chemical compounds known as quinones.
  • the naturally occurring fat-soluble vitamins are K (phyl oquinone), K2 ( enaquinone), and K3 (menadione).
  • the amount of the fat-soluble vitamins employed herein to fortify the present food compositions can vary. If desired, the food compositions can be fortified with a recommended daily allowance (RDA), or increment or multiple of an RDA, of any of the fat-soluble vitamins or combinations thereof.
  • RDA recommended daily allowance
  • Vitamins that are nonsoluble in fat can similarly be included in the present food compositions.
  • these vitamins are the vitamin B complex vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin G, vitamin H, and vitamin P.
  • the minerals include the wide variety of minerals known to be useful in the diet, such as calcium, magnesium, and zinc. Any combination of vitamins and minerals can be used in the present food compositions. Due to the relative low sweetness intensity of the reduced calorie sugars described in part B of this application, noncaloric or reduced calorie sweeteners are typically included in the food compositions of the present ⁇ 31-
  • Noncaloric or reduced calorie sweeteners include, but are not limited to, aspartame; saccharin; alitame, thaumatin; dihydrochalcones; cyclamates; steviosides; glycyrrhizins, synthetic alkoxy aromatics, such as Dulcin and P-4000; sucralose; suosan; miraculin; monellin; sorbitol, xylitol; talin; cyclohexylsulfamates; substituted imidazolines; synthetic sulfamic acids such as acesulfame, acesulfam-K and n-substituted sulfamic acids; oximes such as perilartine; rebaudioside-A; peptides such as aspartyl malonates and succanilic acids; dipeptides; amino acid based sweeteners such as gem-diaminoalkanes, meta-amino
  • the bulking agents can be nondigestible carbohydrates, for example, polydextrose and cellulose or cellulose derivatives, such as carboxymethylcellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, hydroxy- propylcellulose, methylcellulose and microcrystalline cellulose.
  • suitable bulking agents include starches, gums (hydrocollolds), fermented whey, tofu, and maltodextrins.
  • the food compositions of the present invention can also Include dietary fibers.
  • dietary fiber is meant complex carbohydrates resistant to digestion by mammalian enzymes, such as the carbohydrates found in plant cell walls and seaweed, and those produced by microbial fermentation.
  • Examples of these complex carbohydrates are brans, celluloses, hemicelluloses, pectins, gums and mucilages, seaweed extract, and biosynthetic gums.
  • Sources of the cellulosic fiber include vegetables, fruits, seeds, cereals, and man-made fibers (for example, by bacterial synthesis).
  • Commercial fibers such as purified plant cellulose, or cellulose flour, can also be used.
  • Naturally occurring fibers include fiber -32-
  • dietary fibers may be in a crude or purified form.
  • the dietary fiber used may be of a single type (e.g. cellulose), a composite dietary fiber (e.g. citrus albedo fiber containing cellulose and pectin), or some combination of fibers (e.g. cellulose and a gum).
  • the fibers can be processed by methods known to the art.
  • the food compositions of the present invention can also contain minor amounts of optional flavorings, emulsifiers, anti-spattering agents, anti-sticking agents, anti-oxidants, or the like.
  • the carbon number profile (CNP) of the triglycerides present in the reduced calorie fat can be determined by programmed temperature-gas chromatography (GC) using a short fused-silica-column coated with methyl silicone for analysis and characterization of the composition by molecular weight.
  • GC temperature-gas chromatography
  • the triglycerides are separated according to their* respective carbon numbers, wherein the carbon number defines the total number of carbon atoms on the combined fatty acid residues.
  • the carbon atoms on the glycerol molecule are not counted. Glycerides with the same carbon number will elute as the same peak.
  • a triglyceride composed of three Ci ⁇ (palmitic) fatty acid residues will co-elute with triglycerides made up of one C14 (myristic), one Ci ⁇ and one Ci8 (stearic) fatty acid residue or with a triglyceride composed of two C14 fatty acid residues and one C20 (arachidic) fatty acid residue.
  • Preparation of the fat sample for analysis is as follows: 1.0 ml. of a tricaprin internal standard solution (2 microg./ ml.) is pipetted into a vial. The methylene chloride solvent in the standard solution is evaporated using a steam bath -33-
  • a Hewlett-Packard 5880A series gas chromatograph equipped with temperature programming and a hydrogen flame ionization detector is used together with a Hewlett-Packard 3351B data system.
  • a 2 m. long, 0.22 mm. diameter fused silica capillary column coated with a thin layer of methyl silicone (Chrompak CP-SIL 5) is also used.
  • the column is heated in an oven where temperature can be controlled and increased according to a specified pattern by the temperature programmer.
  • the hydrogen flame ionization detector is attached to the outlet port of the column.
  • the signal generated by the detector is amplified by an electrometer into a working input signal for the data system and recorder.
  • the recorder prints out the gas chromatograph curve and the data system electronically integrates the area under the curve.
  • the following instrument conditions are used with the gas chromatograph:
  • CN Carbon Number
  • the Area of CN 1S based upon the actual response generated by the chromatograph multiplied by a response factor for glycerides of the particular Carbon Number.
  • These response factors are determined by comparing the actual responses of a mixture of pure glycerides of various Carbon Nuabers to the known amounts of each glyceride in the mixture.
  • a glyceride generating an actual response greater than its actual amount has a response factor less than 1.0; likewise, a glyceride generating a response less than that of its actual amount has a response factor of greater than 1.0.
  • the mixture of glycerides used (in a methylene chloride solution) is as follows: ⁇ 35-
  • the fatty acid composition of the triglycerides present in the reduced calorie fat is measured by gas chromatography.
  • fatty acid ethyl esters of the triglycerides are prepared by any standard method (e.g., by transesterification using sodium ethoxide), and then separated on a capillary column which is coated with DB-WAX stationary phase.
  • the fatty acid ethyl esters are separated by chain length and degree of unsaturation.
  • a split injection is made with flame ionization detection. Quantitation is performed by use of a double internal standard method. This method can separate fatty acid ethyl esters from C6 to C24.
  • a reference mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) is used to check the operation of the instrument. This reference mixture has the following fatty acid composition: 1% Ci4 : o, 4% Ci6:0 > 3% Ci8:0. 45% C ⁇ 8 :l. 15% C ⁇ 8: 2. 3% C ⁇ 8:3 , 3% C 2 0:0, 3% C 2 2:0> 20% c 22:l > and 3% C24:0- 2)
  • a reference standard of a commerci l shortening is used to check the operaton of the total system ethylation and gas chromatographic analysis.
  • the shortening reference standard has the following fatty acid composition: 0.5% Ci4 : o, 21.4% Ci6:0» 9 -2% Ci8:0» 40.3% C ⁇ :l, 23.0% Ci8:2, 2.2% Ci8:3, 0.4% Cio : 0. 1.3% C20:l> and 0.3% C22:0-
  • the reference mixture of FAME should be diluted with hexane and then injected into the instrument. A new vial of FAME reference mixture should be opened every day since the highly unsaturated components, C ⁇ :2 and C ⁇ :3, oxidize easily.
  • the shortening reference standard should be ethylated with the samples prior to their analysis by capillary gas chromatography. The results from the reference standards •37-
  • Cg and C21 triglycerides are commercial standards consisting of 100% 9-carbon and 21-carbon triglycerides, respectively.
  • the internal standards are added to the samples at about 10% by weight of the sample.
  • the samples (including the internal standards) are then converted to ethyl esters by any standard method.
  • Example 1 A chocolate-flavored molding composition is formulated from the following ingredients: •40-
  • the reduced calorie fat used in this chocolate-flavored composition is prepared generally as follows: Compritol 888 (a mixture of approximately 25% monobehenin, 50% dibehenin and 25% tribehenin, sold by Gattefosse of 200 Sawmill River Road, Hawthorne, New York) is further esterified at 265 * C with capric fatty acid until the diglyceride concentration of the mixture is reduced to less than 4%. The weight ratio of Compritol 888 to capric fatty acid at the start of esterification is approximately 70:30.
  • the resulting esterified mixture is deodorized at 260 * C for 3 hours and then combined with Captex 355 (a mixture of C ⁇ /C o medium chain triglycerides, sold by Capital City Products, of Columbus, Ohio) in a weight ratio of 58:42.
  • Captex 355 a mixture of C ⁇ /C o medium chain triglycerides, sold by Capital City Products, of Columbus, Ohio
  • This mixture is randomly rearranged (randomized) at a temperature of 80 * C for 20 minutes using 0.06% sodium methoxide as the catalyst, neutralized with phosphoric acid and then filtered to remove sodium phosphate.
  • the randomized mixture (approximately 2.5% diglycerides, 38.5% medium chain (r ⁇ t ⁇ ) triglycerides, 43.5% mono-long chain (MLM/MML) triglycerides, 13.5% di-long chain (LLM/LML) triglycerides, and 1% tri-long chain (LLL) triglycerides), is steam stripped at a temperature of 450 * to -41-
  • the chocolate-flavored molding composition is processed in two batches of equal size.
  • the cocoa powder, whole milk solids, nonfat milk solids, vanillin, reduced calorie sugar and aspartame are blended, and then the melted chocolate liquor is added along with 720.8 g. of the reduced calorie fat.
  • this mixture is refined twice using a Lehman Four-Roll Refiner (200 psi NIP pressure).
  • This refined mix (3381.4 g.) is dry conched 2-1/2 to 3 hours at 145 * F (62.8'C) using a Hobart C-100 Mixer set at speed #2.
  • An additional 257.4 g. of reduced calorie fat is added, and the temperature of the mix is then reduced to 125*F (51.7 * C).
  • the mix is then wet-conched at speed #1 for 17 hours.
  • the remaining reduced calorie fat (152.5 g.) and lecithin is added to this chocolate-flavored mixture and blended thoroughly for about 45 minutes.
  • the temperature is then reduced to 85° to 90*F (29.4 * to 32.2 * C) and, after equilibration, the chocolate-flavored mass is weighed into bar molds in 42.6 g. portions.
  • the molds are placed in a 50'F (10*C) environment with circulating air.
  • the bars are then tempered under the following conditions: -43-
  • the tempered bars were then demolded, individually wrapped in foil and stored at 70 * F (21.1'C).
  • Example 2 A chocolate-flavored molding composition is formulated from the following ingredients:
  • cocoa powder, whole milk solids, vanillin, reduced calorie sugar and aspartame is blended, and then 216.1 g. of melted reduced calorie fat is added.
  • This mixture is passed through the Lehman Four-Roll refiner (200 psi NIP pressure) twice.
  • the melted chocolate liquor is added to the refined mix (988.1 g.) and then dry conched at 140 * F (60 * C) for 3 hours using a C-100 Hobart mixer set at speed #2.
  • Example 3 A chocolate-flavored enrobing composition is formulated from the following ingredients:
  • cocoa powder, whole milk solids, nonfat milk solids, reduced calorie sugar and aspartame are thoroughly blended, and then the melted chocolate liquor is added along with 360.4 g. of the reduced calorie fat. After thorough blending, the resultant mixture is passed through a Lehman Four-Roll Refiner twice (NIP pressure 200 psi). The refined mix (1732.6 g.) is recovered and then dry-conched 2-1/2 to 3 hours at 145 * F (62.8*C) using a Hobart C-100 mixer set at speed #2. After an -45-
  • the remaining reduced calorie fat (75.0 g.) and the lecithin are then added to the wet-conched mixture and mixed thoroughly.
  • a portion of this chocolate-flavored coating mixture (-1000 g.) is heated to 120 * to 125'F (48.9 * to 51.7*C) and mixed at this temperature for about 60 minutes. The temperature is then reduced to about 85 * F (29.4*C).
  • Rectangular pieces of confectionary candy centers (caramel, peanuts and nougat) weighing about 8 or 12 g. each are dipped into this chocolate-flavored coating mixture to enrobe the centers. After draining the excess coating, the pieces are placed on trays and cooled to 50*F (10*C).
  • the enrobed candy products are gradually warmed to 60*F (15.6*C) and then held at this temperature for 17 days, followed by gradual warming to 70*F (21.1*C) and then holding at this temperature for 4 hours.
  • the enrobed 8 g. centers are cut into two pieces, while the 12 g. centers are cut into three pieces, and then wrapped individually in foil for storage at 70*F (21.TC).
  • cocoa powder, whole milk solids, nonfat milk solids, vanillin, reduced calorie sugar and aspartame are thoroughly blended, and then the melted chocolate liquor is added along with 104.5 g. of the reduced calorie fat.
  • the resultant mixture is passed through a Lehman Four-Roll Refiner twice (NIP pressure 200 psi).
  • the refined mix (508.7 g.) is recovered and then dry-conched 3 hours at 120 * to 125'F (48.9 * to 51.7*C) using a Hobart C-100 mixer set at speed #2. After an additional 31.4 g. of the reduced calorie fat is added, the mix is then wet-conched for 16 hours at speed #1.
  • the remaining reduced calorie fat (31.6 g.) and the lecithin are then added to the wet-conched mixture.
  • the temperature is then reduced to about 85*F (29.4 * C), and the chocolate-flavored mass is molded into 1 oz. bars.
  • the bars are tempered at 50*F (10*C) for 16-18 hours, at 60 * F (15.6 * C) for 24 hours, and then at 70*F (21.1 * C) for 24 hours before demolding.
  • the ingredients are stirred with a large spoon until well blended (about 50 strokes or 1 minute) to form a batter.
  • the batter is poured into a lightly greased 13" x 9" x 2" (33 cm. x 23 cm. x 5 cm.) pan, and then baked at 350 * F (176.7 * C) for
  • the ingredients are stirred with an electric mixer to form a uniform batter.
  • the batter is poured into a lightly greased 13" x 9" x 2" (33 cm. x 23 cm. x 5 cm.) pan, and then baked at 350*F (176.7*C) for 40 minutes to produce the finished white cake.
  • This cake looks like a conventional white cake, but has reduced caloric value.
  • ExflTOPle 8 Preparation of margarine containing 5-C-hydroxymethyl ⁇ -L-arabino-hexapyranosyl-D-sorbitol.
  • the oil phase ingredients are melted and mixed together.
  • the aqueous phase ingredients are mixed together and dissolved.
  • the oil and aqueous phases are combined, mixed together and passed through a scraped wall heat exchanger to form an emulsified spread using standard margarine-making conditions.

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Abstract

Produits alimentaires contenant des graisses et des sucres qui comprennent: (1) environ 2 à environ 98 % d'un composant gras possèdant environ 10 à 100 % de certaines graisses à faible teneur en calories, et (2) environ 2 à environ 98 % d'un sucre possédant environ 10 à environ 100 % d'un sucre à faible teneur en calories. Comme exemples de compositions de ce type, on trouve des produits de confiserie aromatisés, comprenant des matières grasses, comme c'est le cas des barres de sucreries parfumées au chocolat, des produits de couverture parfumés au chocolat pour des aliments enrobés et des petits copeaux parfumés au chocolat, des produits cuits au four tels que des gâteaux, des brownies et des cookies, et des produits à base d'huile émulsionnée tels que des margarines et des sauces pour salades.
PCT/US1990/006940 1989-12-21 1990-11-28 Produits alimentaires renfermant des graisses a faible teneur en calories et des sucres a faible teneur en calories WO1991009537A1 (fr)

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WO1994007374A1 (fr) * 1992-09-29 1994-04-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Procede de preparation de compositions de confiseries aromatisees a teneur reduite en calories utilisant des conditions de trempe dynamique
WO1994012045A1 (fr) * 1992-12-02 1994-06-09 Unilever N.V. Compositions triglyceridiques anti-blanchiment gras
EP0564077A3 (en) * 1992-02-20 1994-08-17 Gen Foods Inc Low-fat confectionary material and process for making same
US5360621A (en) * 1991-05-06 1994-11-01 Roquette Freres Low-calorie chocolate
US5464649A (en) * 1992-10-30 1995-11-07 Hershey Foods Corporation Reduced fat confectionery products and process
WO1996019116A3 (fr) * 1994-12-19 1996-08-22 Loders Croklaan Bv Composition granulaire destinee a des pepites pour cremes glacees
US20080260898A1 (en) * 2006-03-17 2008-10-23 Marko Stojanovic Compositions comprising probiotic and sweetener components
RU2547405C1 (ru) * 2014-05-20 2015-04-10 Олег Иванович Квасенков Способ производства мороженого "мальвина" сливочного (варианты)
RU2547356C1 (ru) * 2014-05-22 2015-04-10 Олег Иванович Квасенков Способ производства мороженого "север" (варианты)
US9308204B2 (en) 2009-11-02 2016-04-12 Pfizer Inc. Dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3,4-triol derivatives
US9340553B2 (en) 2014-05-19 2016-05-17 Pfizer Inc. Substituted-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3-diol compounds as targeting agents of ASGPR

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EP0322027B1 (fr) * 1987-12-15 1993-05-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Matières grasses ayant une teneur réduite en calories à partir de triglycérides contenant des acides gras à chaîne moyenne et longue
EP0341062A2 (fr) * 1988-05-05 1989-11-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Succédané du saccharose à valeur calorifique réduite

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US5360621A (en) * 1991-05-06 1994-11-01 Roquette Freres Low-calorie chocolate
EP0564077A3 (en) * 1992-02-20 1994-08-17 Gen Foods Inc Low-fat confectionary material and process for making same
WO1994007374A1 (fr) * 1992-09-29 1994-04-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Procede de preparation de compositions de confiseries aromatisees a teneur reduite en calories utilisant des conditions de trempe dynamique
US5464649A (en) * 1992-10-30 1995-11-07 Hershey Foods Corporation Reduced fat confectionery products and process
US5709903A (en) * 1992-10-30 1998-01-20 Derry, Inc. Reduced fat confectionery products and process
WO1994012045A1 (fr) * 1992-12-02 1994-06-09 Unilever N.V. Compositions triglyceridiques anti-blanchiment gras
WO1996019116A3 (fr) * 1994-12-19 1996-08-22 Loders Croklaan Bv Composition granulaire destinee a des pepites pour cremes glacees
US20080260898A1 (en) * 2006-03-17 2008-10-23 Marko Stojanovic Compositions comprising probiotic and sweetener components
US9439902B2 (en) 2009-11-02 2016-09-13 Pfizer Inc. Dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3,4-triol derivatives
US9308204B2 (en) 2009-11-02 2016-04-12 Pfizer Inc. Dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3,4-triol derivatives
US9439901B2 (en) 2009-11-02 2016-09-13 Pfizer Inc. Dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3,4-triol derivatives
US9340553B2 (en) 2014-05-19 2016-05-17 Pfizer Inc. Substituted-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3-diol compounds as targeting agents of ASGPR
US9617293B2 (en) 2014-05-19 2017-04-11 Pfizer Inc. Substituted-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3-diol compounds as targeting agents of ASGPR
US10039778B2 (en) 2014-05-19 2018-08-07 Pfizer Inc. Substituted-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3-diol compounds as targeting agents of ASGPR
US10376531B2 (en) 2014-05-19 2019-08-13 Pfizer Inc. Substituted-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3-diol compounds as targeting agents of ASGPR
US10813942B2 (en) 2014-05-19 2020-10-27 Pfizer Inc. Substituted-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3-diol compounds as targeting agents of ASGPR
RU2547405C1 (ru) * 2014-05-20 2015-04-10 Олег Иванович Квасенков Способ производства мороженого "мальвина" сливочного (варианты)
RU2547356C1 (ru) * 2014-05-22 2015-04-10 Олег Иванович Квасенков Способ производства мороженого "север" (варианты)

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