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WO1991015590A1 - Procede de fermentation anaerobie - Google Patents

Procede de fermentation anaerobie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991015590A1
WO1991015590A1 PCT/EP1991/000569 EP9100569W WO9115590A1 WO 1991015590 A1 WO1991015590 A1 WO 1991015590A1 EP 9100569 W EP9100569 W EP 9100569W WO 9115590 A1 WO9115590 A1 WO 9115590A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactor
fermentation
gekenn
fermenter
diameter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1991/000569
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wolf-Dieter Deckwer
Bernd GÜNZEL
Sems Yonsel
Franz-Josef Carduck
Josef Kretschmann
Original Assignee
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
Gbf-Gesellschaft Für Biotechnologische Forschung Mbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien, Gbf-Gesellschaft Für Biotechnologische Forschung Mbh filed Critical Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
Publication of WO1991015590A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991015590A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/18—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic polyhydric
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/06—Nozzles; Sprayers; Spargers; Diffusers
    • C12M29/08—Air lift
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/02—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of foam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P1/00—Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P3/00 - C12P39/00, by using microorganisms or enzymes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the implementation of an anaerobic fermentation process with the aid of gas-blended tower-like reactor.
  • bubble column fermenters or airlift reactors has hitherto been based on considerations of simultaneously using the oxygen required in aerobic fermentations to mix the contents of the reactor.
  • the use of bubble column reactors and in particular of airlift reactors in anaerobic processes was therefore prohibited for the fermentation specialist.
  • anaerobic fermentations do not require oxygen.
  • stirring or trickle bed reactors have primarily been proposed for anaerobic fermentations. Compared to a pneumatic reactor, a higher energy input during the fermentation is required in the stirred reactor and sealing and sterility problems can occur along the stirrer shaft.
  • bubble column reactors can also be used with particular advantage in anaerobic fermentations. Such reactors can be used with particular success in the conversion of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol with the aid of anaerobic microorganisms.
  • the invention therefore relates to a process for the microbial conversion of a substrate to a metabolite under anaerobic conditions in a fermenter, characterized in that
  • a bubble column reactor without mechanically moving internals is used as the fermenter, and gas bubbles are generated in the lower region of the reactor by pressing in an oxygen-free gas to carry out the fermentation batch during the fermentation.
  • Suitable bubble column fermenters are vertical cylinders with gas inlet options in the lower room, a gas outlet in the upper room and inlet and outlet options for the fermentation medium.
  • airlift reactors which can still contain guide tubes in relation to the bubble column inlets.
  • the diameter of the guide tube is 60 to 90%, preferably 65 to 75%, of the diameter of the fermenter. If, on the other hand, the annular space between the centrally arranged guide tube and the inner wall of the fermenter is gassed, then the guide tube diameter is 40 to 60%, preferably 45 to 55% of the fermenter diameter.
  • the process according to the invention proposes to press an oxygen-free gas into the lower region of the reactor.
  • Fermentation gases are primarily suitable as oxygen-free gases. These can be used alone or in a mixture with suitable inert gases. Inert gases here are nitrogen, carbon dioxide or noble gases such as argon.
  • oxygen-free gases also includes gases with a residual oxygen content which is such that it does not interfere with the fermentation; so e.g. technical, not purified nitrogen.
  • the gassing rate is preferably between 0.001 vvm and 0.2 vvm, in particular between 0.03 and 0.07 vvm.
  • a reactor which has a nozzle in the head region through which liquids can be metered in. It has been shown that the targeted metering in of liquids can be used to combat foam, thereby preventing or minimizing the disruptive use of anti-foaming agents can be.
  • the process provides for spraying in process substances or culture medium circulated at the top of the reactor. Process substances here are understood to mean additives which are required to maintain the fermentation, for example neutralizing agents in fermentations which take place under pH shift, starting products or special nutrients for the microorganisms.
  • This embodiment of the invention shows a particular and unexpected advantage of the procedure, since experts in pneumatic reactors have particularly expected foam problems which also occur with the high gassing rates customary in aerobic processes.
  • a reactor can be used in which the gas is introduced at the bottom.
  • a reactor in which the gas is introduced via a ring gasifier.
  • the diameter of the ring gasifier is preferably as much as half the reactor diameter or less.
  • the specialist adapts the selected hole diameter of the gasifier to the height of the column and the viscosity of the medium.
  • the degree of slenderness means the ratio of height to diameter. This ratio should advantageously be in the range from 5 to 20 and in particular in the range from 5 to 10.
  • reactors which have static internals which promote thorough mixing.
  • Such internals are particularly leading tubes that stabilize the circulation flow of pneumatically operated tower reactors.
  • the process according to the invention is particularly suitable for anaerobic fermentation processes in which a substrate is converted into a metabolite, for example for the fermentative production of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol.
  • the fermentative production of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol is described, for example, in German patent application file number P 3829618.7.
  • This application relates to a process for converting glycerol into 1,3-propanediol by microorganisms, characterized in that a microorganism strain selected from the groups Clostridi, Enterobacterium, Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Citrobacter, Aerobacter, Klebsiella, on the a 5% by weight glycerol solution as the only coal source under standard fermentation conditions glycerin in 1,3-propanediol with a space-time yield of more than 0.5 g • h " 1 • 1"!
  • glycerol as the only carbon source under anaerobic conditions for the technical conversion of glycerol solutions with a concentration of 5 to 20% by weight of glycerol while maintaining the pH and separating the resulting biomass after the glycerol has been largely consumed and the product mixture worked up by distillation.
  • a method can preferably be carried out according to the present invention in a pneumatic reactor, for example a bubble column fermenter or an airlift reactor.
  • technical glycerin in particular technical glycerin solutions from the technical processing of triglycerides, is used as glycerol solutions.
  • Glycerol solutions with a low residual fatty acid content are preferred.
  • the glycerol concentration is preferably 5 to 20% by weight, in particular 10 to 15% by weight; the pH is kept constant in a range from 6 to 9, in particular between 6.5 and 8.
  • Clostridium perfringens Clostridium pasteurianum, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium butylicum, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium kantontoi, Lactobacilliobacterobacterus, bacterobacterobacterobacterobacterus, bacterobacterobacterium, bacterobacterium, bacterobacterium, bacterobacterobacterium, bacterobacterobacterium, bacterobacterobacterium, bacterobacterobacterium, bacterobacterobacterium, bacterobacterium, bacterobacterobacterobacterium, bacterobacterium, bacterobacterobacterobacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter intermediate, Klebsiella aerogenes or Klebsiella oxytoca.
  • the conversion of glycerol into 1,3-propanediol with the aid of a Clostridium butyricum strain, for example of C. butyricum DSM 5431 and / or its mutants or variants capable of 1,3-propanediol formation, is particularly suitable for the process according to the invention. It is a particular advantage of the process that the low foam formation can be controlled by spraying part of the fermentation medium onto the foam, the loop flow in the airlift reactor also contributing to foam control, so that no defoaming agent or very little Defoamers must be used. The otherwise complex separation of the defoaming agent from the reaction products is thus eliminated or simplified.
  • glycerol was converted into 1,3-propanediol in a 501 airlift fermenter using a Clostridium butyricum strain DSM 5431.
  • the total glycerol concentration was 119 g / 1.
  • 92.8 g / 1 glycerol 54.2 g / 1 1,3-propanediol was formed, which corresponds to 93% of the total amount of 1,3-propanediol produced and a space-time yield of 2.54 g / 1 h.
  • Glycerol was reacted in an analogous manner with Clostridium butyricum DSM 5431 in a 15001 airlift fermenter.
  • the nitrogen fumigation rate was 1.0 • 10 ⁇ 3 m3 / sec.
  • glycerin concentration of approx. 20 g / l
  • a total of 89.2 g / l glycerol were introduced into the fermenter by further additions of substrate, which could be completely converted.
  • the final concentration of 1,3-propanediol was 51.3 g / 1, corresponding to a yield of 70 mol%, based on the amount of substrate substance consumed and a space-time yield of 2.97 g / 1 • fr 1 .
  • about 6 g / 1 butyrate and acetate and small amounts of ethanol were formed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention a pour objet de perfectionner la conduite d'un procédé pour la transformation microbienne d'un substrat en un métabolite dans des conditions anaérobies. Pour ce faire, un réacteur pneumatique du type à tour, sans aucun organe actionné mécaniquement, est utilisé comme fermenteur, et des bulles de gaz sont produites pour amorcer le processus lors de la fermentation par injection d'un gaz dépourvu d'oxygène dans la région inférieure du réacteur.
PCT/EP1991/000569 1990-04-02 1991-03-25 Procede de fermentation anaerobie WO1991015590A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19904010523 DE4010523A1 (de) 1990-04-02 1990-04-02 Anaerobes fermentationsverfahren
DEP4010523.7 1990-04-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991015590A1 true WO1991015590A1 (fr) 1991-10-17

Family

ID=6403553

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1991/000569 WO1991015590A1 (fr) 1990-04-02 1991-03-25 Procede de fermentation anaerobie

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE4010523A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991015590A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996035796A1 (fr) * 1995-05-12 1996-11-14 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Bioconversion d'une source de carbone fermentescible en 1,3-propanediol par un seul micro-organisme
FR2800751A1 (fr) * 1999-11-09 2001-05-11 Roquette Freres Procede de production de 1,3 propanediol par voie fermentaire
US6428767B1 (en) 1995-05-12 2002-08-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method for identifying the source of carbon in 1,3-propanediol

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0031258A1 (fr) * 1979-12-25 1981-07-01 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd Colonne à bulles avec dispositif d'aspiration
DE3039874A1 (de) * 1980-03-04 1981-10-01 Kansai Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd., Amagasaki, Hyogo Kontinuierlicher reaktor
DE3508274A1 (de) * 1985-03-08 1986-09-11 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Saeulenreaktor fuer anaerobe abbauprozesse

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0031258A1 (fr) * 1979-12-25 1981-07-01 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd Colonne à bulles avec dispositif d'aspiration
DE3039874A1 (de) * 1980-03-04 1981-10-01 Kansai Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd., Amagasaki, Hyogo Kontinuierlicher reaktor
DE3508274A1 (de) * 1985-03-08 1986-09-11 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Saeulenreaktor fuer anaerobe abbauprozesse

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996035796A1 (fr) * 1995-05-12 1996-11-14 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Bioconversion d'une source de carbone fermentescible en 1,3-propanediol par un seul micro-organisme
US5686276A (en) * 1995-05-12 1997-11-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Bioconversion of a fermentable carbon source to 1,3-propanediol by a single microorganism
US6025184A (en) * 1995-05-12 2000-02-15 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Bioconversion of a fermentable carbon source to 1,3-propanediol by a single microorganism
US6428767B1 (en) 1995-05-12 2002-08-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method for identifying the source of carbon in 1,3-propanediol
US7135309B1 (en) 1995-05-12 2006-11-14 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Processes for the bioconversion of a fermentable carbon source to 1,3-propanediol by a single microorganism
US7169588B2 (en) 1995-05-12 2007-01-30 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Bioconversion of a fermentable carbon source to 1,3-propanediol by a single microorganism
US7629161B2 (en) 1995-05-12 2009-12-08 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Bioconversion of a fermentable carbon source to 1,3-propanediol by a single microorganism
FR2800751A1 (fr) * 1999-11-09 2001-05-11 Roquette Freres Procede de production de 1,3 propanediol par voie fermentaire
EP1099763A1 (fr) 1999-11-09 2001-05-16 Roquette FrÀ¨res Procédé de production de 1,3-propanediol par voie fermentaire

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4010523A1 (de) 1991-10-10

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