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WO1992002199A1 - Materiaux composites jetables - Google Patents

Materiaux composites jetables Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992002199A1
WO1992002199A1 PCT/GB1991/001367 GB9101367W WO9202199A1 WO 1992002199 A1 WO1992002199 A1 WO 1992002199A1 GB 9101367 W GB9101367 W GB 9101367W WO 9202199 A1 WO9202199 A1 WO 9202199A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composite material
absorbent
layer
liquid
soluble
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1991/001367
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Thomas
Original Assignee
Environmental Products Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Environmental Products Limited filed Critical Environmental Products Limited
Publication of WO1992002199A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992002199A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/539—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
    • A61F13/15211—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency soluble or disintegratable in liquid
    • A61F2013/15235—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency soluble or disintegratable in liquid by its solubility in water
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
    • A61F2013/51002—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads with special fibres
    • A61F2013/51023—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads with special fibres being polymeric fibres
    • A61F2013/51035—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads with special fibres being polymeric fibres being biodegradable, e.g. Rayon, polylactate, dioxanone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
    • A61F13/514—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin
    • A61F13/51401—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by the material
    • A61F2013/51409—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by the material being a film
    • A61F2013/51433—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by the material being a film being biodegradable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F2013/53481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad being biodegradable

Definitions

  • This invention relates to composite materials and products made therefrom and more particularly to so-called disposable materials and products.
  • an absorbent material of such a construction and nature and of sufficient absorbency as to avoid the aforementioned gel block and absorbency problems would still need to be at least disintegratable and disposable in flushing systems without blocking the drains and also, preferably, biodegradable.
  • the biodegradable nature of the absorbent material would then more readily enable the disintegrated and dispersed biodegradable material to be ingested by the bacteria in a sewage system without the possible risk of any harm to the environment.
  • Applicant has not been aware of any biodegradable materials which are suitable for disposable products such as nappies, sanitary towels and incontinence pads or knickers, for example.
  • absorbent materials must have some support or containing envelope of requisite strength and handling capability if they are to retain their integrity, eg in a nappy, sanitary towel or incontinence pad.
  • supports or containing envelopes in order to. function are made of a non-water soluble material e.g. P.V.C. or polypropylene, sheets and or cotton or synthetic threads or meshes, which do not disintegrate or disperse when flushed down the lavatory, for example.
  • Water soluble plastics materials having the desired strength and handling capabilities are, of course, well known.
  • a particular and established water soluble plastics material is polyvinylalcohol (PVA or PVOH) which has been used in film form to form sachets to contain such substances as bath salts so that the sachet dissolves when placed in contact with water.
  • PVA or PVOH polyvinylalcohol
  • soluble films cannot be used as a support for liquid absorbent materials.
  • water insoluble plastics carriers have used to contain or support, and provide the necessary strength and handling capabilities for, the absorbent material, which would otherwise disintegrate or fall apart rendering the product unfit for its continued intended use.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide composite materials for use in disposable products such as nappies, sanitary towels, incontinence pads or knickers, in which the aforesaid disadvantages are reduced or overcome.
  • Applicant has discovered a principle which is that, surprisingly, a combination of soluble and liquid impervious materials can be used in disposable products such as nappies, sanitary towels and incontinence pads, for example, and yet permit disintegration and dispersal of the product when it is, say, flushed down a lavatory.
  • soluble is used in its broadest sense or meaning to cover the response of a material to the action of a liquid such as, and usually, water, which is found in say a flushing system or sewage system, which results in that material losing its integrity, eg by dissolving, dispersing, degrading, biodegrading and/or disintegrating in the liquid.
  • a composite material comprises a layer of soluble material and a liquid impervious barrier, each of which layer and barrier, during normal use, is capable of maintaining the integrity of the other.
  • outer soluble layer and inner liquid impervious barrier interact, are synergistic, depend upon or rely on each other to maintain each other's integrity and therefore the integrity of the composite material.
  • the present invention may be expressed in terms of a composite material comprising a layer of soluble material and a liquid impervious barrier, with said layer and said barrier being in synergistic relationship.
  • the soluble material will loose its integrity when flushed away, leaving the liquid impervious barrier without any support and free to disperse in the flushing water. If say a disposable product such as a nappy is then made from such a composite material by attaching a disintegratable and dispersable layer of absorbent material to the liquid impervious barrier then a truly disposable product can be made.
  • the present invention consists in a composite material which is capable of absorbing and holding a quantity of liquid until disposal is required and which disintegrates and disperses when disposed of in the natural environment or in an available water flushing system.
  • the layer of soluble material may be of any suitable material, provided that it loses its integrity when disposed of in, say, a water flushing system.
  • a layer of paper could be used like as in paper bags or tissue used for disposable handkerchiefs, table napkins and toilet tissue, as such paper will disintegrate and disperse when disposed of, e.g. by flushing.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
  • PVA, CMC and alginate have better strength and handling characteristics than say paper tissue, are non toxic and biodegradable, and when dissolved in the water present in a sewage system, the bacteria present will ingest and digest the PVA, CMC and alginate in solution thereby destroying them and avoiding the risk of harm to the environment.
  • the soluble outer layer of the composite material be biodegradable.
  • the strength and handling capability of the outer layer is such that it does not tear easily and remains undamaged in normal use, as can be readily appreciated.
  • the soluble outer layer is preferably made of any suitable material, such as a plastics film which may be formed in any appropriate way, for example by blowing, extrusion or casting, as is known.
  • the material of the liquid impervious barrier may be of any appropriate kind consistent with protecting the soluble layer from dissolution yet permit dispersion when the soluble layer dissolves and is preferably biodegradable like the material for the soluble layer.
  • PVDC polyvinylidenechloride
  • polycaprolactone polycaprolactone
  • sugar based thermoplastics such as those sold by ICI under the Trade Mark BIOPOL
  • other non-petrochemical based thermoplastics not only make suitable liquid impervious barriers in combination with the soluble layer but are also biodegradable.
  • certain rubber based substances can also be used for the liquid impervious barrier, the other previously mentioned substances ' are preferred since they are biodegradable.
  • Applicant's research has lead to the formulation of specially contrived homogenous amalgams containing thermoplastic biodegradable materials which are particularly suitable for liquid impervious barrier materials as they provide a tie layer to the soluble outer layer.
  • the liquid impervious barrier may be bonded to the soluble layer, eg by heat bonding, ultrasonic bonding, by lamination or by means of a suitable adhesive.
  • the adhesive is a water soluble adhesive such as a PVA or CMC adhesive, so that the non-water soluble content of the composite material is kept to the minimum consistent with adequate function of the liquid impervious barrier.
  • the adhesive may be applied in a matrix pattern of threads or in strips or dots.
  • the liquid impervious barrier may be formed at the same time as the soluble outer layer is made so that the soluble layer and liquid impervious barrier constitute an integral (one-piece construction), synergistic, whole.
  • the liquid impervious barrier may be formed as a coating on one surface of the soluble layer, and this liquid impervious barrier coating could, in itself, be a non-soluble adhesive, eg a pressure sensitive adhesive, to enable the attachment of an absorbent layer thereto.
  • the thickness of the soluble layer will depend upon the particular ultimate disposable product concerned and the desirable degree of support for the liquid impervious barrier, adequate strength and handling characteristics and speed of dissolution. Applicant has found in tests that a range of thickness for the soluble layer of from about 20 microns to about 35 microns works. On the other hand, Applicant's tests have confirmed that a liquid impervious barrier having a thickness range in the order of about 1 micron to 10 microns, with about 2 to 5 microns being preferred, works with the preferred soluble layer to enable the liquid impervious barrier to disperse when the soluble layer has lost its integrity.
  • non-woven substances which absorb by capillarity and/or by wicking and/or by molecular containment do not exhibit gel block and that non-woven fibrous or fibre- based materials, such as flocks, are particularly useful examples.
  • Flocks are characterised by having a central core which is not fibrous but carrying a multiplicity of short- length fibres.
  • fibrous and fibre-based also includes materials containing more than just fibres. But the normal way in which to bond such non- woven fibrous materials together to maintain the integrity of the absorbent material is to include heat bonded fibres within the non-woven fibrous matrix and use heat bonding to form a fibrous web.
  • the present invention consists in a method of producing an absorbent material, wherein a web of non-woven absorbent substances is formed and wherein the individual constituents of the web are held together by the action of water.
  • the non- woven absorbent substances are fibrous or fibre-based.
  • the web is formed in a humid atmosphere so that the water vapour present therein effects the holding of the web constituents together and, of course, with an absence of any heat bonding fibre, disintegration and dispersal are enhanced.
  • the unwoven fibrous material may be formed into a web or soft flock which is non-voven,by carding, air laying in which the constituents of the fibrous material is blown up in a volume of air and random forming by a combination of air laying and carding.
  • the invention also consists in a composite absorbent material comprising any of the absorbent fibrous or fibre-based substances referred to herein above, said absorbent material being in the form of a non-woven web of which the individual constituents are preferably bonded together in the absence of any heat bondable fibres.
  • Absorbent materials made in accordance with the invention are capable of absorbing large quantities of liquid such as water or aqueous solution whilst still combatting gel block. This is because the absorption is by capillarity and/or by wicking and/or by molecular -containment or any combination thereof and although the fibrous material swells, fresh liquid continues to be drawn into the web by capillary and/or wicking and/or molecular containment action until maximum absorption has been achieved.
  • Applicant has also carried out numerous tests and experiments on a wide variety of fibrous or fibre-based materials and has found that one super-absorbent material which comprises monomers of isobutylene and maleic anhydride brought together in a cross-linking process which allows them to be spun into a super-absorbent fibrous material and which was at one time supplied by Arco chemicals under the Trade Mark FIBRESORB has a high degree of absorbency. But this FIBERSORB material alone does not meet Applicant's stringent requirements for disintegration and dispersal in combination with absorbency and absence of gel block.
  • Applicant conducted further trials which led to the production of an absorbent material comprising FIBERSORBmaterial and other constituents, which are preferably of the fibrous or fibre-based kind, which gave the requisite web strength, absorption, disintegration and dispersal characteristics.
  • absorbent materials comprising substances derived from petrochemical sources, which include the isobutylene and maleic anhydride constituents of FIBERSORB material, are not biodegradable within the strictest meaning of the term "biodegradable”.
  • biodegradable absorbent materials can be made from cellulose, eg. CMC's and cellulose rayon fibre, seaweed eg. alginate derived materials, polysaccharides and starch and modified starches, eg. potato derived absorbents of the kind sold under the Trade Mark FOXSORB, as well as fluff pulp which is a plant derived natural source biodegradable material and which has already been referred to herein.
  • the absorbent material comprises a central layer or core member including three constituents, namely fibrous CMC, fluff pulp and rayon fibres which are conveniently non-woven and bonded together either by carding or by hydro-entanglement, as previously mentioned, to form a fibrous web, and two outer members each of which includes three layers of fibrous material of which a middle layer of CMC is sandwiched between two layers of cellulose rayon fibre.
  • Applicant has made the following combinations of absorbent materials which have been found to be particularly effective in use as well as being biodegradable and which comprise about 35% to 60% by weight CMC's and/or potato derived adsorbents, about 35% to 50% by weight fluff pulp and about 5% to 15% by weight cellulose rayon fibre.
  • a preferred absorbent material comprises about 50% by weight CMC's, about 35% by weight fluff pulp and about 15% by weight cellulose rayon fibre or indeed 50% by weight viscose rayon in an upper and lower web formed with about 50% by weight CMC's or other biodegradable absorbents sandwiched between them.
  • the absorbent layer is conveniently attached to the liquid impervious barrier, as by a suitable adhesive which can be water soluble such as CMC's or PVA, or if the liquid impervious barrier itself is made of a liquid impervious adhesive by the adhesive of the barrier.
  • a suitable adhesive which can be water soluble such as CMC's or PVA, or if the liquid impervious barrier itself is made of a liquid impervious adhesive by the adhesive of the barrier.
  • a matrix or strip or dot formation of water soluble adhesive is generally preferred.
  • the present invention consists in a composite material comprising a layer of soluble materia, a layer of absorbent material which is capable of absorbing and holding a li'quid and which is supported by the soluble layer and a liquid impervious barrier which is interposed between the absorbent layer and the soluble layer, each of said soluble layer and liquid impervious barrier being capable, during lormal use, of maintaining the integrity of the other and thus of the composite material including the absorbent layer, so that the absorbent layer can absorb and hold liquid without disintegration of the composite material.
  • the outer soluble layer provides sufficient strength in itself and to the intermediate liquid impervious barrier in the composite material, thereby enabling the composite material and disposable products such as nappies made therefrom to remain in their manufactured state during use, when the absorbent layer is absorbing during use and holding the absorbed liquid.
  • the composite material or disposable product such as a nappy is subjected to say immersion in water, eg.
  • the soluble outer layer loses its integrity by breaking up or disintegrating and disperses, degrades or dissolves away, the liquid impervious barrier remains without cohesive strength or quality and breaks up or disintegrates and disperses according to the forces acting upon it, and the absorbent material, left without the support of the soluble layer, also loses its integrity by breaking up or disintegrating and then disperses, degrades, biodegrades or dissolves away and any waste matter borne by the absorbent material is also dispersed.
  • the invention can provide a composite material and disposable products made therefrom which after use can be flushed away in available flushing systems, without ultimately harming the environment or creating a health hazard.
  • the three component composite material can be used satisfactorily to manufacture such disposable products as nappies, sanitary towels, incontinence pads or knickers and is suitable for absorbent bags, Applicant has found that it is desirable to keep the absorbent material away from the skin of the person and to minimise the risk of any absorbed liquid reemerging and causing discomfort.
  • this aspect of the invention also includes a composite material in which the absorbent layer is covered by a relatively non-absorbent cover layer which provides ease of passage of the liquid to be absorbed therethrough and into the absorbent material and which preferably has resistance to leakage of liquid from the absorbent layer out through the cover layer.
  • Such a cover layer is preferably of a biodegradable material but should at least be degradable, and in one preferred embodiment is a non-woven fibrous material.
  • the cover layer is in the form of a scrim and can act as an inner cover. By this means there is minimal risk of leakage of absorbed liquid back to the skin which could cause discomfort to the user of the disposable product.
  • the cover layer is conveniently attached at it's edges or edge regions to the absorbent layer by a water soluble adhesive, such as a CMC or PVA adhesive, or alternatively to the soluble layer by folding over the cover layer to provide narrow peripheral strips which are adhesively attached to the outer surface of the soluble layer along the edge of the composite material.
  • the latter arrangement provides the product with smooth and comfortable edges which is important when it is used for nappies, sanitary towels and incontinence pads, for example.
  • an attachment of the inner skin contacting cover layer has the tendency to act to contain any absorbed liquid within the confines of the composite material.
  • the choice of material from which the skin contacting cover layer is made must be consistent with providing the ease of passage and containing characteristics as well as disintegration or degradability, preferably biodegradability, and dispersion once the soluble layer has lost its integrity, eg, been dissolved.
  • cellulose acetate fibres and fibres made of a biodegradable thermoplastic material to be suitable non- woven fibrous materials for the cover layer.
  • the preferred material for the cover layer comprises a web of biodegradable fibrous material that is preferably cellulose rayon which is advantageously hydro-entangled and that carries a biodegradable thermoplastics material such as BIOPOL material which has been applied in the form of an emulsion to the web.
  • Other suitable biodegradable materials for the cover layer are polycaprolactone which is absorbent resistant and cotton.
  • a preferred thickness range is from about 5 to about 10 microns.
  • the soluble layer is a cast and embossed PVA or CMC film of 20 micron thickness.
  • the liquid impervious barrier is a very thin film which may be co-extruded and be as little as 1 or 2 microns in thickness.
  • the absorbent material prefferably be of a form other than fibrous or to contain non-fibrous materials in addition to fibres, provided that the requisite degree of absorbency, liquid retention, and capability of loss of integrity, eg. by disintegration, and dispersion and preferably biodegradation is obtained.
  • the absorbent layer has an annular gap therein, with the liquid impervious barrier being exposed in the gap.
  • a natural barrier or dry moat is formed to the migration of absorbed liquid to the edges of the composite material with any liquid bridging the gap being mopped up as it were by the surrounding strip of absorbent material.
  • the invention also consists in a composite material, for use as, or to provide, a disposable product such as a nappy, sanitary towel, incontinence pad or knickers, the composite material being constituted by substances that are flushable, biodegradable and capable of losing their integrity by the natural action of the environment or in a flushing system, whereby the dissolution or disintegration and ultimate dispersion can take place without any harm being done to the environment.
  • the invention is also concerned with methods of manufacturing any of the composite materials, absorbent materials and disposable products referred to hereinabove.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic exploded perspective view of one embodiment of composite material, comprising two layers of which one is soluble and the other liquid impervious, made in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is alternative embodiment of two layer composite material to that of Fig. 1,
  • Figs.3 and 4 are diagrammatic exploded perspective views of further embodiments of composite materials utilizing the basic two layer constructions of Figs 1 and 2 respectively and including a third layer of absorbent material.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a composite material utilising the three layer construction of Fig 3 or 4,
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of composite material utilizing the three layer construction of Fig. 3 or 4,
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view, with parts broken away, of a four layer embodiment in which the fourth layer is leakage - resistant yet permits ease of liquid passage therethrough into the absorbent layer,
  • Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic perspective view with parts lifted up and broken away of another embodiment of composite material for use in making a disposable nappy.
  • Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a disposable nappy incorporating the composite material of Fig.8,
  • Fig. 10 is a plan view, with a leakage resistant layer lifted up, of a disposable sanitary towel incorporating the composite material of Fig. 7,
  • Fig. 11 is an underneath plan view of the sanitary towel of Fig. 10,
  • Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a pair of incontinence knickers incorporating the disposable composite material of Fig. 7,
  • Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic partially exploded view of yet another embodiment of composite material
  • Fig. 14 is a perspective view of a disposable bag made from the composite material of Fig. 13,
  • Fig. 15 is a plan view of another embodiment of composite material.
  • Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic detail perspective view, to an enlarged scale, of an alternative embodiment of absorbent layer.
  • a composite material which is generally indicated at 1, comprising an outer layer 2 of a water soluble and biodegradable material eg a plastics material such as polyvinylalcohol (PVA) or carboxy ethyl cellulose (CMC), in the form of a film of say 20 to 35 micron in thickness. Also shown is a separate inner barrier layer 3 of a liquid impervious degradable material such as polyvinylidenechloride, polycaprolactone, BIOPOL material or certain thermoplastic materials, all of which are also biodegradable.
  • a plastics material such as polyvinylalcohol (PVA) or carboxy ethyl cellulose (CMC)
  • PVA polyvinylalcohol
  • CMC carboxy ethyl cellulose
  • a separate inner barrier layer 3 of a liquid impervious degradable material such as polyvinylidenechloride, polycaprolactone, BIOPOL material or certain thermoplastic materials, all of which are also biodegradable.
  • the layer 3 thus constitutes a liquid impervious barrier and is in the form of a film of say 1 to 5 micron thick bonded as by a suitable water soluble adhesive such as a PVA or CMC adhesive, by lamination or by ultra sonic or heat bonding to one side only of the soluble outer layer, as will be apparent from Fig. 5.
  • a suitable water soluble adhesive such as a PVA or CMC adhesive
  • the liquid impervious barrier 3 could be formed as a coating on one surface of the soluble layer 2
  • Fig. 2 differs from that of Fig.l in that the composite material comprising the soluble layer 2 and the liquid impervious barrier 3 is of one-piece construction and formed as by extrusion of soluble and liquid impervious materials.
  • the choice and thickness of the material of the liquid impervious barrier 3 will vary according to the ultimate product and thus according to the particular composite material most suited for that product.
  • the soluble outer layer 2 and the liquid impervious barrier 3 which is really a very thin liquid proof, eg. water proof, layer, are each capable of maintaining the integrity of the other.
  • FIGs 3 and 5 show a composite material, generally indicated at 4 which is a flushable, degradable liquid retaining means comprising a biodegradable layer 5 which absorbs and holds a liquid such as water and waste liquid and which is attached if required to the liquid impervious barrier 3 (Fig 5), eg. by a suitable water soluble adhesive such as a PVA or CMC adhesive.
  • a suitable water soluble adhesive such as a PVA or CMC adhesive.
  • the liquid absorbent layer 5 is in the form of a web of superabsorbent non-woven material containing a high proportion of super absorbent compound in fibrous form, non- limiting examples of which are FIBERSORB (Trade Mark) material, alone or in combination with other specified fibrous substances, and alone or in combination, a cross- linked acrylic polymer, viscose (cellulose) rayon, fluff pulp, biodegradable thermoplastic materials, polypropylene, CMC's, alginate derived materials, substances derived from polysacharides or starches and potato derived adsorbents such as FOXSORB (Trade Mark) substances.
  • FIBERSORB Trade Mark
  • the absorbent material 5 can absorb and hold liquid such as a child's urine, with the intermediate liquid impervious barrier 3 preventing dissolution of the soluble outer layer 2.
  • This latter gives sufficient support to the liquid impervious barrier 3 to enable it to fulfil its function and to the absorbent layer 5 so that, during normal use, the integrity of the absorbent layer is maintained as well as the integrity of the composite material itself and the disposable product made therefrom. Therefore, it can be said that whilst the outer layer 2 has sufficient strength and handling capability, the liquid impervious barrier 3 has insufficient strength and handling capability in its own right.
  • the outer soluble layer 2 readily loses its integrity by dissolving, leaving the barrier 3 and absorbent layer 5 without support and strength whereupon they lose their integrity by breaking up or disintegrating and disperse in the water of the flushing and sewage systems where the dispersed or dissolved constituents of the composite material can degrade or biodegrade as the case may be.
  • the absorbent layer 5 in Fig 5 does not extend to the edges of the composite material, which it does in the diagrammatic embodiments of Figs 3 and 4, but occupies a central area leaving an annular peripherally extending zone 6 of exposed liquid impervious barrier 3 which guards against leakage from the composite material 4.
  • FIG 6 this embodiment differs from that of Figure 5 in that the absorbent layer 5 has a main central absorbent area 5a which is separated by an annular gap or moat 7 where the impervious barrier 3 is exposed, from a peripheral or edge strip 5b of absorbent material.
  • the central absorbent area 5a absorbs liquid as required, pulling in any liquid which arrives on the moat 7. Any small amounts of liquid arriving at the edge strip 5b are absorbed by the edge strip, thereby preventing any liquid from leaking from the composite material 4 and disposable products made therefrom.
  • the composite material 4a comprises an additional layer 8 of non-absorbent, non-woven material which constitutes a skin contacting cover and is conveniently in the form of a non-woven fibrous material such as a scrim and may be of cellulose acetate, cellulose rayon, cotton fibre, a biodegradable thermoplastics material, polycaprolactone or a preferably hydro-entangled web of cellulose fibrous material carrying a biodegradable thermoplastics such as BIOPOL (Trade Mark) .
  • BIOPOL Trade Mark
  • the non-absorbent cover 8 is the innermost layer of a disposable product, such as a nappy or sanitary towel, for placing against the skin of a person and allows liquid to pass easily therethrough and into the absorbent layer 5, but guards against leakage of absorbed liquid out through the cover.
  • a disposable product such as a nappy or sanitary towel
  • the cover layer 8 like the soluble outer layer 2, the liquid impervious barrier layer 3 and the absorbent layer 5 can all be biodegradable.
  • composite material 4a shown in Fig 8 is particularly useful for making a disposable nappy such as is shown in Fig. 9.
  • the disposable, flushable, biodegradable nappy which is generally indicated at 9 in Fig 9, comprises a composite material 4a comprising the outer layer 2 of soluble plastics material which is formed into the nappy proper.
  • the intermediate liquid impervious barrier 3 is bonded to the outer soluble layer by a water soluble adhesive 10 (eg PVA or CMC adhesive), and water soluble adhesive (eg PVA or CMC adhesive) strips 11, and soluble or non-soluble attaching strips 12 having, for example a heat bonding or adhesive capability, attach the cover layer 8 of scrim to the liquid impervious barrier layer 3, thereby holding the absorbent layer 5 to the barrier 3.
  • a water soluble adhesive 10 eg PVA or CMC adhesive
  • water soluble adhesive eg PVA or CMC adhesive
  • the absorbent layer 5 can be optionally attached to the barrier layer 3 by adhesive dots 18.
  • the absorbent layer 5 in this embodiment is conveniently in the form of a soft flock which is by nature fibrous.
  • the composite material as described in Fig 8 comprises the nappy proper 9 with its shaped outer layer 2a which is soluble having gusseted leg areas 13, elasticated waist bands 14, adhesive locating tabs 15 and location tabs 16 which are both made from the same soluble plastics material as the outer layer 2a.
  • the soluble location tabs 16 are attached to the outer soluble layer 2a as by a soluble adhesive 17 such as a PVA or CMC adhesive.
  • the nappy In use the nappy is placed in position in the usual way and the adhesive tabs 15 are used to secure it on the child.
  • the cover When the liquid waste is absorbed by the absorbent layer 5, having entered it through the fabric of the leakage resistant cover 8, the cover then guards against leakage of the liquid held by the super absorbent flock from returning to the skin of the child.
  • the attaching strips 12 when non-soluble stop the liquid held by the flock of the absorbent layer 5 from causing the cover 8 to be detached from the intermediate liquid impervious barrier 3, whilst the soluble adhesive strips 11 give the attaching strength.
  • the intermediate liquid impervious barrier 3 does not allow the liquid held by the absorbent flock to reach and thus dissolve the material of the outer soluble layer 2.
  • the nappy When removed from the child, the nappy can be placed in the lavatory and immediately the soluble outer layer 2, soluble tabs and all water soluble adhesives begin to dissolve.
  • the strips 12 attaching the cover 8 to the intermediate liquid impervious barrier 3 are no longer capable of sustaining adhesion between the two and the cover 8 is removed from the liquid impervious barrier 3 and dispersed by the action of the water flow in the lavatory.
  • the super absorbent flock of the absorbent layer 4 now has no adhesion to the thin film barrier 3, loses its integrity by disintegrating and disperses and all that is left of the nappy is the micron thin liquid impervious barrier which is easily dispersed into the water flow and being biodegradable can be ingested by bacteria present in the sewage system.
  • the sanitary towel illustrated in figs 10 and 11 is generally indicated by the reference 19 and has an outer layer 2b of soluble material like the layer 2, shaped to form the supporting and dissolving layer suitable for a sanitary towel, with the intermediate liquid impervious barrier 3, the absorbent layer 5 and the leakage resistant cover 8.
  • This embodiment differs from that of Fig. 7, in that the cover layer 8a which are secured to the outer face of the soluble layer 2b by means of a suitable water soluble adhesive such as PVA or CMC adhesive (not shown) .
  • the outer face of the soluble layer 2b is provided with a peel-off strip 20 which is made of a biodegradable material such as BIOPOL material and exposes a strip of a pressure-sensitive water soluble adhesive 21, such as PVA or CMC adhesive, for attaching the sanitary towel 19 to a wearer's knickers.
  • a peel-off strip 20 which is made of a biodegradable material such as BIOPOL material and exposes a strip of a pressure-sensitive water soluble adhesive 21, such as PVA or CMC adhesive, for attaching the sanitary towel 19 to a wearer's knickers.
  • the various parts of the sanitary towel can be adhesively attached to one another as described with reference to Fig. 8 and disposal of the soiled towel by flushing down the lavatory takes place in a similar way.
  • the adhesive strips 11 and 12 shown in Fig 8 can be used to attach the leakage resistant cover 8 to the liquid impervious barrier 3 in all the embodiments having a cover 8 and that these strips can hold the absorbent layer 5 to the barrier 3 without their being any need for an adhesive such as 18 therebetween.
  • Figs 13 and 14 represents somewhat of a departure from the previously described disposable products which are designed for wear, in that the composite material 4 of Fig 13 is used to form an absorbent bag 24 shown in Fig. 14.
  • the bag 24 has an inwardly facing absorbent layer 5 presenting a highly absorbent surface 23 (Fig 13), an intermediate liquid impervious barrier layer 3 which is constituted by an adhesive film and by meins of which the absorbent layer 5 is attached thereto.
  • the outer soluble layer 2 of Fig. 13 is shaped to form the outer soluble layer 2d of the bag, with the liquid impervious barrier 3 of adhesive film attaching the layer 2d thereto. Whenever there is a need temporarily to store wet or damp articles such as clothing, towels, swimming costumes, used nappies, sanitary towels etc.
  • the bag 24 can safely be used without the risk of leakage, as any excess liquid is absorbed and held by the absorbent layer 5. Disposal of the used bag by flushing, for example, occurs in a similar manner to that described with reference to the nappy o: Fig. 9, except that in the embodiment of Figs. 13 and 14, the cover 8 and cover attaching adhesives are omitted because they are not necessary.
  • the absorbent layer 5 comprises three members, namely a central core member constituted by a non- woven fibrous hydro-entangled web 30 of CMC, fluff pulp and cellulose rayon and two outer members 31 and 32, each of three layer formation and comprising a respective middle fibrous layer 31b and 32b of CMC sandwiched between two outer fibrous layers of cellulose 31a, 31c and 32a, 32c respectively.
  • any of the materials described for the layers of the - 26 - composite material and disposable products in the various embodiments can be used in other embodiments.
  • the liquid impervious barrier 3 may be carried by the absorbent layer 5.
  • the embodiment of composite material 4a shown in Fig. 8, could, in itself, be used as an incontinence pad.
  • composite materials of the present invention may be used to produce disposable products other than those described herein.
  • the composite material 4a in Fig. 8 could be supported by an insoluble plastics outer cover 25 by means of say pockets 26, complete with attachment means 15, gusseted leg portions and elasticated waist bands 14 for use again and again with successive disposable linings of the composite material 4a as shown in Fig. 15.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)

Abstract

Matériau composite (4) formant un produit jetable ou s'utilisant comme tel, tel qu'une couche pour bébé. Ce matériau composite est biodégradable et évacuable par chasse d'eau et comprend une couche extérieure soluble (2) supportant une couche absorbante de liquide (5) désintégrable et dispersible, ainsi qu'une barrière imperméable aux liquides (3) juxtaposée entre la couche soluble (2) et la couche absorbante (5), la couche soluble et la barrière imperméable aux liquides étant en relation synergique; de ce fait, le matériau composite maintient son intégrité en utilisation normale mais perd son intégrité en réaction à l'action de l'eau quand on le jette dans un système d'évacuation par chasse d'eau. Quand le matériau composite est utilisé, par exemple, comme couche pour bébé, la couche absorbante (5) est recouverte par une couche couvrante en contact avec la peau et également biodégradable.
PCT/GB1991/001367 1990-08-10 1991-08-09 Materiaux composites jetables WO1992002199A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB909017546A GB9017546D0 (en) 1990-08-10 1990-08-10 Disposable composite materials
GB9017546.4 1990-08-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992002199A1 true WO1992002199A1 (fr) 1992-02-20

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PCT/GB1991/001367 WO1992002199A1 (fr) 1990-08-10 1991-08-09 Materiaux composites jetables

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AU (1) AU8420791A (fr)
GB (1) GB9017546D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992002199A1 (fr)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993009740A1 (fr) * 1991-11-19 1993-05-27 Ecoprogress Limited Article delitable
WO1994024973A1 (fr) * 1993-04-27 1994-11-10 Jerry Friedman Sous-vetement pour incontinence
US5509913A (en) * 1993-12-16 1996-04-23 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Flushable compositions
GB2295553A (en) * 1995-02-09 1996-06-05 Ecoprogress Ltd Water dispersable bodily liquid absorbent composite
WO1997018784A1 (fr) * 1995-11-22 1997-05-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Article absorbant jetable dans les toilettes et se dispersant dans l'eau
US5722966A (en) * 1995-11-22 1998-03-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Water dispersible and flushable absorbent article
AU709811B2 (en) * 1994-12-30 1999-09-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. A water-flushable film
EP1114633A3 (fr) * 2000-01-06 2001-09-19 Uni-Charm Corporation Article absorbant décomposable dans l'eau
WO2002047737A1 (fr) * 2000-12-12 2002-06-20 Johnson & Johnson Medical Limited Pansement pour traitement de plaies suintantes
US6514602B1 (en) 2000-03-07 2003-02-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Water-flushable and biodegradable film useful as backsheets for disposable absorbent articles
US7056882B2 (en) 1991-03-11 2006-06-06 Curis, Inc. Treatment to prevent loss of and/or increase bone mass in metabolic bone diseases
US8574400B1 (en) 2012-05-25 2013-11-05 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Tissue comprising macroalgae
US8907155B2 (en) 2010-11-19 2014-12-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Biodegradable and flushable multi-layered film
US9056967B2 (en) 2006-12-15 2015-06-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Water-sensitive biodegradable film
US9074324B2 (en) 2013-06-10 2015-07-07 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Layered tissue structures comprising macroalgae
EP2762113A4 (fr) * 2011-09-30 2015-07-29 Unicharm Corp Matériau absorbant se désagrégeant dans l'eau et article absorbant
US9327438B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2016-05-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for forming a thermoplastic composition that contains a plasticized starch polymer
US9499941B2 (en) 2012-05-25 2016-11-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. High strength macroalgae pulps
US9718258B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2017-08-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Multi-layered film containing a biopolymer
US20200237570A1 (en) * 2017-10-02 2020-07-30 Liati D.I.A.N Ltd. Biodegradable underwear

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2072689A1 (fr) * 1991-12-31 1993-07-01 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Article absorbant jetable avec garniture pouvant etre jetee dans les toilettes

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US4503098A (en) * 1980-09-12 1985-03-05 Union Carbide Corporation Disposable articles coated with degradable water insoluble polymers
EP0130061B1 (fr) * 1983-06-27 1988-08-31 E.R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. Composition adhésive résistant aux fluides biologiques
FR2627080A1 (fr) * 1988-02-17 1989-08-18 Celatose Sa Couche-culotte a haut pouvoir absorbant
WO1990004456A1 (fr) * 1988-10-19 1990-05-03 John Kenneth Bethune Dispositif d'emballage a absorption elevee
US4964857A (en) * 1989-10-23 1990-10-23 Charles Osborn Biodegradable disposable diaper

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US4503098A (en) * 1980-09-12 1985-03-05 Union Carbide Corporation Disposable articles coated with degradable water insoluble polymers
EP0130061B1 (fr) * 1983-06-27 1988-08-31 E.R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. Composition adhésive résistant aux fluides biologiques
FR2627080A1 (fr) * 1988-02-17 1989-08-18 Celatose Sa Couche-culotte a haut pouvoir absorbant
WO1990004456A1 (fr) * 1988-10-19 1990-05-03 John Kenneth Bethune Dispositif d'emballage a absorption elevee
US4964857A (en) * 1989-10-23 1990-10-23 Charles Osborn Biodegradable disposable diaper

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7056882B2 (en) 1991-03-11 2006-06-06 Curis, Inc. Treatment to prevent loss of and/or increase bone mass in metabolic bone diseases
WO1993009740A1 (fr) * 1991-11-19 1993-05-27 Ecoprogress Limited Article delitable
GB2275873A (en) * 1991-11-19 1994-09-14 Ecoprogress Ltd Article disposable in liquid
GB2275873B (en) * 1991-11-19 1996-04-24 Ecoprogress Ltd An article which is disposable in water
US5681299A (en) * 1991-11-19 1997-10-28 Ecoprogress Limited Disposable article
WO1994024973A1 (fr) * 1993-04-27 1994-11-10 Jerry Friedman Sous-vetement pour incontinence
US5509913A (en) * 1993-12-16 1996-04-23 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Flushable compositions
AU709811B2 (en) * 1994-12-30 1999-09-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. A water-flushable film
GB2295553A (en) * 1995-02-09 1996-06-05 Ecoprogress Ltd Water dispersable bodily liquid absorbent composite
GB2295553B (en) * 1995-02-09 1997-05-21 Ecoprogress Ltd A water dispersible bodily liquid absorbent composite
WO1997018784A1 (fr) * 1995-11-22 1997-05-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Article absorbant jetable dans les toilettes et se dispersant dans l'eau
US5722966A (en) * 1995-11-22 1998-03-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Water dispersible and flushable absorbent article
US6531642B2 (en) 2000-01-06 2003-03-11 Uni-Charm Corporation Water-decomposable absorbent article for pantyliners, sanitary napkins, incontinence pads, disposable diapers and the like
SG99323A1 (en) * 2000-01-06 2003-10-27 Uni Charm Corp Water-decomposable absorbent article
EP1114633A3 (fr) * 2000-01-06 2001-09-19 Uni-Charm Corporation Article absorbant décomposable dans l'eau
KR100737254B1 (ko) * 2000-01-06 2007-07-10 유니챰 가부시키가이샤 수해성의 흡수성 물품
US6514602B1 (en) 2000-03-07 2003-02-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Water-flushable and biodegradable film useful as backsheets for disposable absorbent articles
WO2002047737A1 (fr) * 2000-12-12 2002-06-20 Johnson & Johnson Medical Limited Pansement pour traitement de plaies suintantes
US9056967B2 (en) 2006-12-15 2015-06-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Water-sensitive biodegradable film
US8907155B2 (en) 2010-11-19 2014-12-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Biodegradable and flushable multi-layered film
EP2762113A4 (fr) * 2011-09-30 2015-07-29 Unicharm Corp Matériau absorbant se désagrégeant dans l'eau et article absorbant
US9375508B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2016-06-28 Unicharm Corporation Water disintegratable absorber and absorbent article
US9327438B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2016-05-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for forming a thermoplastic composition that contains a plasticized starch polymer
US9718258B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2017-08-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Multi-layered film containing a biopolymer
US8771468B2 (en) 2012-05-25 2014-07-08 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Tissue comprising macroalgae
US8574400B1 (en) 2012-05-25 2013-11-05 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Tissue comprising macroalgae
US9499941B2 (en) 2012-05-25 2016-11-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. High strength macroalgae pulps
US9074324B2 (en) 2013-06-10 2015-07-07 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Layered tissue structures comprising macroalgae
US20200237570A1 (en) * 2017-10-02 2020-07-30 Liati D.I.A.N Ltd. Biodegradable underwear

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8420791A (en) 1992-03-02
GB9017546D0 (en) 1990-09-26

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