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WO1992003357A1 - Modificateur de champ de micro-ondes a revetement a configuration dote d'elements electriquement conducteurs discrets - Google Patents

Modificateur de champ de micro-ondes a revetement a configuration dote d'elements electriquement conducteurs discrets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992003357A1
WO1992003357A1 PCT/US1991/005335 US9105335W WO9203357A1 WO 1992003357 A1 WO1992003357 A1 WO 1992003357A1 US 9105335 W US9105335 W US 9105335W WO 9203357 A1 WO9203357 A1 WO 9203357A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
elements
coating material
modifier
microwave field
electrically conductive
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1991/005335
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Joseph Anthony Milenkevich
Benedikt Aage Munk
Robert Lawrence Prosise
Original Assignee
The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Procter & Gamble Company filed Critical The Procter & Gamble Company
Publication of WO1992003357A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992003357A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package
    • B65D81/3446—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
    • B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D2581/3439—Means for affecting the heating or cooking properties
    • B65D2581/344—Geometry or shape factors influencing the microwave heating properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
    • B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D2581/3463—Means for applying microwave reactive material to the package
    • B65D2581/3464—Microwave reactive material applied by ink printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
    • B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D2581/3471—Microwave reactive substances present in the packaging material
    • B65D2581/3479—Other metallic compounds, e.g. silver, gold, copper, nickel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
    • B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D2581/3471—Microwave reactive substances present in the packaging material
    • B65D2581/3483—Carbon, carbon black, or graphite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D2581/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
    • B65D2581/3437—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D2581/3486—Dielectric characteristics of microwave reactive packaging
    • B65D2581/3487—Reflection, Absorption and Transmission [RAT] properties of the microwave reactive package

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to microwave field modifiers for use in microwave oven heating and cooking, and more specifically, to such microwave field modifiers which are useful for such things as generating high surface heat on adjacent food matter to effect browning and/or crispening; or for balancing surface heating and deep microwave heating of underlying food product; or for partially protecting underlying or adjacent food matter from direct exposure to microwave energy to obviate overcooking and/or overheating the food matter; or for simply effecting a more uniform microwave energy field.
  • Microwave ovens possess the ability to heat, cook or bake items, particularly foodstuffs, extremely rapidly. Unfortunately, microwave heating also has its disadvantages. For example, microwave heating alone in today's microwave ovens often fails to achieve such desirable results as evenness, uniformity, browning, crispening, and reproducibility. Contemporary approaches to—achieving these and other desirable results with microwave ovens include the use of microwave field modifying devices such as microwave susceptors and/or microwave shields.
  • Microwave susceptors and shields like other materials and constructions have some degree of microwave reflectance (R), absorbance (A) and trans ittance (T); or collectively RAT properties.
  • RAT properties are measured in terms of percentage of microwave energy reflected by (R), absorbed by (A), and transmitted through (T) a material or construction. Thus, the aggregate of the R, A and T values will total 100%.
  • a microwave shield is relatively opaque to microwave energy.
  • a shield will have a relatively low T value.
  • Microwave shields are exemplified by such highly electrically conductive materials as aluminum foil. Although shields are generally thought of as non-heating elements, a shield could also be a susceptor, i.e., heat appreciably, and visa-versa. Thus, a shield is an element with relatively low T regardless of its tendency to generate heat.
  • microwave susceptors are devices which, when disposed in a microwave energy field such as exists in a microwave oven, respond by generating a significant amount of heat.
  • the susceptor absorbs a portion of the microwave energy and converts it directly to heat which is useful, for example, to crispen or brown foodstuffs.
  • microwave susceptors generally have a relatively high microwave absorbance (A) value.
  • susceptors include a mechanism to convert the absorbed microwave energy to heat.
  • heat may result from microwave induced, intramolecular or intermolecular action; or from induced electrical currents which result in so called I-squared-R losses in electrically conductive devices; or from dielectric heating of dielectric material disposed between electrically conductive particles, elements or areas which type of heating is hereinafter alternatively referred to as fringe field heating or capacitive heating.
  • microwave susceptors and reflectors have an effect on the microwave power distribution within a microwave oven. That is, they interact with the microwave energy within the oven through their RAT properties and cause the microwave energy field to be modified. Accordingly, devices and constructions which act to modify the microwave field or microwave energy power distribution within a microwave oven are referred to herein collectively as microwave field modifiers.
  • the patent literature is replete with a variety of teachings with respect to the use of materials and constructions for use in microwave ovens as microwave heaters (e.g., susceptors) and reflectors. For instance, United States Patent 4,230,924 which issued October 28, 1980 to William A.
  • Brastad et al discloses a Method And Material For Prepackaging Food To Achieve Microwave Browning.
  • Such material may be a dielectric wrapping sheet having a flexible metallic coating thereon such as aluminum, in the form of a relatively thin film or relatively thick foil, the coating being subdivided into a number of individual metallic islands or pads separated by criss-crossing non-metallic gaps provided by exposed dielectric strips on the wrapping sheet. An orthogonal pattern of square such metallic islands is shown; and ranges of island sizes and island spacing are stated.
  • the thin film embodiments of Brastad et al there is a balancing of microwave heating within the thin metallic coatings (i.e., current heating in thin, vapor deposited metallic coatings), and the degree of microwave transparency which enables direct microwave heating of, for example, a food enclosed within such a wrapping sheet.
  • microwave heating within the thin metallic coatings (i.e., current heating in thin, vapor deposited metallic coatings), and the degree of microwave transparency which enables direct microwave heating of, for example, a food enclosed within such a wrapping sheet.
  • the relatively thick foil embodiments there is a balancing of microwave induced heating in the dielectric substrate strips disposed between the microwave reflective, foil covered islands (i.e., fringe field heating), and the degree of microwave transparency of the sheet through the uncovered dielectric strips.
  • Maynard et al discloses Control Of Microwave Interactive Heating By
  • Patterned Deactivation This deals with deactivating portions of thin film susceptors as a way of making susceptors having patterned active areas.
  • United States Patent 4,866,232 which issued September 12, 1989 to James L. Stone discloses a Food Package For Use In A Microwave Oven which, it states, may comprise depositions of metalized ink on areas of a container where enhanced heat is desired, and/or depositions of metalized ink on areas of a container to provide microwave protection. Stone states, without supporting data, that such ink deposits may be of the same or different thicknesses and densities to effect different degrees of heating and shielding.
  • European Patent Application 0 345 523 which was filed May 23, 1989 discloses a microwave susceptor having a plurality of regions where at least one region has an altered microwave responsiveness which is achieved by disruptions in the susceptor surface.
  • a microwave field modifier in one aspect of the present invention includes a substrate which has a surface and a quantity of electrically conductive coating material.
  • the coating material is disposed on the surface of the substrate to define a plurality of electrically conductive discrete elements.
  • the discrete elements are elongate and disposed in a predetermined array.
  • a microwave field modifier in a second aspect of the present invention includes a substrate which has a surface and a quantity of electrically conductive coating material.
  • the coating material is disposed on the surface of the substrate to define a plurality of electrically conductive discrete elements.
  • the discrete elements are substantially square and uniform in size and are disposed in a predetermined array having two or more substantially parallel rows in staggered relation.
  • a microwave field modifier is provided.
  • the microwave field modifier includes a substrate which has a surface and a quantity of electrically conductive coating material.
  • the coating material is disposed on the surface of the substrate to define a plurality of electrically conductive discrete elements.
  • the discrete elements are configured to include an elongate portion and disposed in an array so that elongate portions of adjacent elements are in side by side relation.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view of the microwave field modifier shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view of an alternate microwave field modifier which is of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of an alternate embodiment microwave field modifier which is an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of another alternate embodiment of a microwave field modifier of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged scale, fragmentary portion of the alternate microwave field modifier embodiment shown in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of a preferred package having an integral cover and in the open position and having an array of comestible bakeable articles disposed therein; -and Figure 8 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along section line 8-8 of Figure 7.
  • An exemplary microwave field modifier of the present invention basically includes a substrate 22 and an array formed from a plurality of discrete electrically conductive elements 24 disposed thereon.
  • the discrete electrically conductive elements 24 are preferably formed from pattern coating a coating material to areas of the substrate 22; and even more preferably by printing.
  • the elements 24 preferably have an elongate portion and/or preferably are staggered relative to each other side to side.
  • elongate has its ordinary meaning: i.e., having a form notably long in comparison to its width.
  • the elongate elements 24 are preferably substantially straight; albeit it is not intended to thereby exclude serpentine, wavy, and curved shapes.
  • the elongate elements 24 preferably have radiused ends as shown to lessen the propensity for electrical arcing.
  • Staggered relation is intended to include but not be limited to shapes such as elongate, square, and rectangular elements 24 which are in side by side relation but which have their ends offset from one another. The offset need not be necessarily uniform throughout the array.
  • the microwave field modifier of the present invention may be a discrete unit covering an entire substrate or only a portion thereof.
  • several modifiers having varying effects can be located in different zones on the same substrate.
  • a modifier may consist of layered arrays.
  • an array can be disposed on both surfaces (sides) of a substrate.
  • a modifier, or modifiers may be integrated into selected portions of packages which herein includes wrapping materials, cartons, containers, cookware and the like.
  • the modifier can be a layered or laminated structure comprising, for instance, one or more additional layers for such purposes as strength, arc suppression, and interactive modifier functions.
  • a thermoplastic or thermosetting coating or film may be applied to the modifier structure to cover the electrically conductive coating material to preclude direct contact between the electrically conductive coating material and an adjacent load such as a quantity of food product; and to protect the modifier from electrical arcing in the event the modifier is placed in close proximity to electrically conductive articles.
  • a layered construction can be made by pattern coating a thermoplastic film with electrically conductive coating material, and then laminating the pattern coated film to paper or cartonboard or some other dielectric substrate.
  • the discrete electrically conductive elements are preferably formed by pattern coating a coating material onto the substrate.
  • a coating material is applied to the substrate by printing and most preferably by rotogravure printing. Printing offers advantages such as cost and efficiency savings over other coating processes and rotogravure printing equipment is generally currently available to carton manufacturers.
  • the coating material of the present invention generally includes a binder material system, which comprehends a resin and a solvent, and electrically conductive particles.
  • the coating material may include various other components.
  • the binder system is used to bind the electrically conductive particles together in contacting relation.
  • the binder system also preferably functions to bind the coating material to the dielectric substrate.
  • Included in a binder system is a resin and a solvent.
  • Exemplary preferred resin materials include nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinylbutyral, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly (methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid) co-polymer resins and acrylics.
  • a nitrocellulose can be purchased from General Printing, Ink Division, Sun Chemical Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio as a 40% solution of 18-25 CPS RS nitrocellulose, (This solution includes 17% isopropyl alcohol, 23% ethyl acetate and 20% n-propyl acetate by weight.)
  • An ethyl cellulose can be purchased from Hercules Inc., Wilmington, Delaware under the trade name Ethyl Cellulose N-4.
  • a poly (methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid) co-polymer resin can be purchased from the GAF Corporation of Wayne, New Jersey under the trade name Gantrez ® .
  • Gantrez ® is a registered trademark of the GAF Corporation.
  • Gantrez ® currently comes in three basic forms; Gantrez® AN, Gantrez ® ES and Gantrez ® S. Gantrez ® ES-225 is preferred.
  • a polyvinylbutyral can be purchased from Hoechst-Celanese of Somerville, NJ under the trade name Mowital®. It is available in several molecular weights. The preferred types are coded B-20H, B-30H and B-30T by Hoechst-Celanese. Mowatol ® is a registered trademark of Hoechst-Celanese. Polyvinylpyrrolidone may be obtained from GAF Corporation, Wayne, New Jersey and Sigma Chemicals of St. Louis, Missouri.
  • Electrically conductive particles which may be used to make coating materials include pure metallic particles, some metallic oxides, metal alloy particles, carbon particles and graphite particles. Furthermore, the conductive particles preferably have irregular shapes; even more preferably are also relatively flat; and most preferably are also of differing shapes and sizes; all of which promote electrical contact between the elements.
  • a preferred conductive particle which has been found successful is Nickel Flake HCA-1 which may be purchased from the Novamet Company, Wyckoff, N.J.
  • the Novamet Nickel Flake HCA-1 is a dendritic particle formed of spheroids which have been connected together and flattened. Thus, a preferred conductive particle has a flattened dendritic shape.
  • a second preferred particle may be purchased from Cabot Corporation, Waltham, Mass as Carbon Black Regal ® 99R. This particle is also relatively flat and has a size of about .36 nanometers.
  • coating materials Some other components which may be used as constituents of coating materials include binder solvents, emulsifying agents, acids and liquid materials which will chemically unite with the other constituents of the coating material to cause the coating material to solidify after being applied in a fluidized state.
  • the coating materials may further comprise plasticizer material.
  • anti-settling agents or other constituents may be included in coating material formul tions.
  • an undercoating placed on the substrate prior to printing increases conductivity.
  • an overcoating placed over the elements increases conductivity.
  • Conductivity is further increased by using both an undercoating and an overcoating. If binder of the undercoating and/or overcoating uses the same solvent as the binder of the coating material conductivity is increased even further. Consequently, an undercoating or overcoating is used, more preferably an undercoating and an overcoating is used, even more preferably an undercoating or overcoating uses the same solvent as the coating material and most preferably an undercoating and overcoating uses the same solvent as the binder of the coating material .
  • acidic binder additives to the coating material, such as acid complex forming additives. While not intending to be bound it is believed the surface chemistry effects of adsorption may be providing this benefit. The adsorption may allow for closer contact of the metal particles with each other giving rise to better conductivity. Also, it is possible salts are being formed with the oxide making the metal more free for electrical conduction.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary microwave field modifier, indicated generally as 20, which embodies the present invention.
  • the substrate 22 of Figure 1 is twenty point cartonboard such as is commonly converted into such things as cartons for packaging microwaveable food products: i.e., packages which are suitable for being placed in a microwave oven to heat, cook or bake the contents of the package without removing the contents from the carton.
  • Other exemplary substrate 22 materials include cartonboard, coated cartonboard, thermoplastic film, thermoplastic nonwovens, ther oset plastics, or ceramic.
  • an array formed from a plurality of discrete electrically conductive elements 24 Disposed on the substrate 22 is an array formed from a plurality of discrete electrically conductive elements 24.
  • the array extends over the entire top surface 28- of the substrate 22 except for a perimetric zone 29 which is devoid of coating material 26.
  • the perimetric zone 29 acts to insulate the edges of modifier 20 so as to substantially obviate arcing between the electrically conductive elements 24 and any metallic material disposed adjacent the modifier 20.
  • the array of Figure 1 extends over the entire surface of the substrate 22, the modifier may be limited to one or more zones of the substrate 22.
  • the preferred modifier 20 of Figure 1 includes elements 24 which are uniform in size and shape except at some row ends, and have lengths L and widths W, respectively.
  • the array preferably substantially comprises elements 24 which are uniformly configured.
  • the elements 24 are preferably linearly aligned in straight rows parallel to each other. The rows are linearly spaced apart by a distance designated SL; and side by side rows are spaced widthwise a distance designated SW. Further, the rows are in staggered relation so that side by side adjacent elements are linearly offset by a distance designated OS. The degree of stagger, in percent, of such an array is (OS/L)(100).
  • a microwave field modifier 120 of the present invention wherein the elongate elements 124 have a generally serpentine shape.
  • the length L of an element 124 is taken along its center line.
  • modifier 120 is substantially similar in construction to modifier 20 of Figure 1.
  • substrate 122 can be the same dielectric material as substrate 22 of Figure 1, or can be of different dielectric material.
  • the elements 124 may be different in size and/or shape; and the elements 124 may comprise the same or different coating material (e.g., coating material having a different surface resistivity). As shown, in this array, the elements 124 of adjacent rows are staggered about 50% percent.
  • the modifier 120 of Figure 3 is more isotropic than the modifier 20 of Figure 1. In other words, the effectiveness of the array as a shield is less dependant upon the orientation of the array relative to an incoming microwave. If the R values are plotted against the degree of rotation throughout 360° using the RAT test described hereinafter a sinusidal-type curve will result. For the modifier 20 of Figure 1, the maximum R would be relatively high and this portion of the curve would be relatively broad. In addition, the low R portion of the curve would be relatively narrow. For the modifier 120 of Figure 3, the curve would have generally the same shape, however, the maximum R would be less and the low R portion of the curve would be narrower, while the high R portion of the curve would be wider.
  • a modifier 120 which is more isotropic than a second modifier 20 may provide better shielding in a microwave oven even though its maximum R value is less since within the microwave oven the waves come in at all angles.
  • the modifier 20 of Figure 1 can be made more isotropic by layering the array (as by printing both sides of a single substrate) such that the elements 24 in one layer are substantially perpendicular (i.e., so that the high R range for one will shield waves coming in at an angle of low R for the other) to the elements 24 of the other layer.
  • Figure 7 which will be discussed hereinafter. This provides an isotropic modifier of even higher R than the modifier 120 of Figure 3.
  • discrete microwave field modifier 220 includes a dielectric substrate
  • substrate 222 can be the same dielectric material as substrate 22 of Figure 1, or can be of different dielectric material, or different in size and/or shape; and the elements 224 may comprise the same or different coating material (e.g., coating material having a different surface resistivity).
  • coating material e.g., coating material having a different surface resistivity
  • the elements 224 of adjacent rows are staggered about fifty (50) percent. Being staggered, the modifier
  • square elements 224 are both more effective as shields and as susceptors, i.e., heaters, than squares which are orthogonally al igned.
  • the modifier 220 of Figure 4 is more isotropic than the modifier 20 of Figure 1 and the modifier 120 of Figure 3. Consequently, the modifier 220 of Figure 4 will also have a lower maximum R than either of the previous embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 and Figure 6 another alternate microwave field modifier 320 is shown to comprise an array of Y-shape elements 324 on a dielectric substrate 322.
  • Figure 4 is a fragmentary, enlarged scale view of modifier 320.
  • the Y-shape elements 324 have three elongate portions, and are disposed in side by side, vertically extending rows. In this embodiment the length L of the elongate portion is the maximum path along a center line. In this embodiment the three possible paths are identical in length.
  • the stems of the Y-shape elements 324 are partially nested between the arms of adjacent Y-shape elements 324.
  • the arms of the Y-shape elements 324 in adjacent rows are partially sideways nested between the arms of adjacent Y-shape elements 324; and some of the arms of sideways nested Y-shape elements 324 are in parallel relation.
  • Fringe field heating can be varied in such an array by varying the spacing between portions of adjacent Y-shape elements 324, as well as the the size of the Y-shape elements 324, the width of their elongate portions, and the dielectric loss property of the substrate 322 material.
  • This modifier 320 as compared to modifiers 20 similar to Figure 1, are more isotopic; i.e., their RAT properties are less sensitive to positional variances when such modifiers 320 are placed in microwave ovens, and have lower maximum R values.
  • a shield is relatively opaque to microwaves.
  • a shield has a relatively low T value.
  • a shield preferably has a T value of less than about 40%, more preferably less than about 10% and most preferably less than about 5%. Due to their low T values, shields also generally have high R" values. Shields are particularly useful for such purposes as preventing overheating in certain areas, i.e., at corners and edges, and generally slowing down microwave cooking.
  • Any modifier can be characterized by its microwave reflectance, absorbance, and trans ittance values: i.e., its RAT values.
  • RAT values are particularly helpful with regard to determining shielding ability.
  • One method of measuring RAT values uses the following Hewlett Packard equipment: a Model 8616A Signal generator; a Model 8743A Reflection-Transmission Test Unit; a Model 8411A Harmonic Frequency Converter; a Model HP-8410B Network Analyzer; a Model 8418A Auxiliary Display Holder; a Model 8414A Polar Display Unit; a Model 8413A Phase Gain Indicator; a Model S920 Low Power Wave Guide Termination; and two S281A Coaxial Waveguide Adapters.
  • a digital millivolt meter is used. Connect the RF calibrated power output of the 8616A Signal Generator to the RF input of the 8743A Reflection-Transmission Test Unit.
  • the 8411A Harmonic Frequency Converter plugs into the 8743A Reflection-Transmission Test Unit's cabinet and the 8410B Network Analyzer. Connect the test channel out, reference channel out, and test phase outputs of the 8410B Network Analyzer the test amplitude, reference and test phase inputs, respectively, of the 8418A Auxiliary Display Holder.
  • the 8418A Auxiliary Display Holder has a cabinet connection to the 8414A Polar Display Unit.
  • the 8413A Phase Gain Indicator has a cabinet connection to the 8410B Network Analyzer. The amplitude output and phase output of the 8413 Phase Gain Indicator is connected to the digital millivolt meter's inputs.
  • the settings of the 8616A Signal Generator are as follows: Frequency is set at 2.450GHz; the RF switch is on; the ALC switch is on to stabilize the signal; Zero the DBM meter using the ALC calibration output knob; and set the attenuation for an operating range of lldb. Set the frequency range of the 8410B Network Analyzer to 2.5 which should put the reference channel level meter in the "operate" range. Set the amplitude gain knob and amplitude vernier knob as appropriate to zero the voltage meter readings for reflection and transmission measurements respectively.
  • Microwave field modifier samples are three and one-half inches in diameter.
  • a S281 Coaxial Waveguide-Adaptor is connected to the "Unknown" port of the 8743A Reflection-Transmission Test Unit.
  • a perfect shield (aluminum foil) is placed flat between the reflection side of the S281 wave guide adaptor and the S290A Low Power Guide Termination.
  • the amplitude voltage is set to zero using the amplitude gain and vernier knobs of the 8410B Network Analyzer.
  • the shield is replaced by the sample of the microwave field modifier. In other words the sample is placed between the S281A Coaxial Waveguide Adaptor and the S920A Low Power Waveguide Termination and the attenuation voltage is measured. Normally, four readings are taken per sample and averaged.
  • the samples are rotated clockwise ninety degrees per measurement. After the second measurement the sample is turned over (top to bottom) for the final two measurements. For polarized, isotropic samples care must be taken to orient the samples such that the maximum and minimum readings are obtained. The R value is the maximum reading. These samples may also be rotated in increments other than ninety degrees.
  • For Transmission place the 8743A Reflection-Transmission Unit in the transmission mode.
  • a lOdb attenuator is placed in the transmission side of the line, between the "In" port of the 8743 Reflection-Transmission Unit and a second S281A Coaxial-Waveguide Adaptor.
  • the two S281A Coaxial-Waveguide Adaptors are aligned and held together securely.
  • the amplitude signal voltage is zeroed using the amplitude gain and vernier knobs of the 8410B Network Analyzer.
  • the modifier to be tested is placed between the two waveguide adaptors and the attenuation voltage is measured. Four readings are taken as described above for the reflection measurement. Reflection and transmission values should be calculated in the same manner; i.e. average or maximum.
  • Absorption is calculated by subtracting the transmission measurement and the reflection measurement from 1.00.
  • RAT values as measured in the network analyzer may be different from actual RAT values when a microwave field modifier is placed in competition with a food load.
  • the food and the microwave field modifier compete for the available microwave energy.
  • the competition can be analogized to a circuit consisting of a generator connected to two impedance loads in parallel.
  • the generator represents the magnetron while one impedance load represents the food load and the other impedance load represents the microwave field modifier.
  • the network analyzer procedure above does not include the food load resistor. Thus, when the food load is added to the circuit its "impedance" relative to the microwave field modifier's resistance is not known. If the food load's "impedance" is significantly less than the modifier's "impedance" most of the microwave energy will flow through the food.
  • a susceptor is a microwave field modifier which absorbs microwave energy and heats appreciably when exposed to a microwave field.
  • One method for determining the ability of a modifier to heat (at least relative to other microwave field modifiers) is the Energy Competition Test described below. Using a carousel microwave oven which has a power rating of 30 BTU/ in as measured with a 1000 gram water load an effective susceptor preferably has a ⁇ T at two minutes of about 90°F or more, more preferably about 150°F or more, and most preferably about 200 ⁇ F or more.
  • the two minute ⁇ T is calculated by subtracting the two minute ⁇ T of the oil alone from the two minute ⁇ T of the oil and susceptor. Additionally, the two minute ⁇ T of the susceptor is normalized by adding or subtracting any initial temperature variance of the oil from 70°F.
  • the Energy Competition Test may not predict exactly how well a modifier will heat in the microwave in conjunction with a food load. However, the use of water is intended to simulate the modifier in competition with a load.
  • a microwave field modifier of the present invention may be tailored with minimal trial and error to provide desired RAT values and heating characteristics by selectively altering certain variables.
  • a modifier can be designed having a wide range of shielding and heating properties.
  • the lengths, widths, spacing, and the degree of stagger between adjacent elements 24 are the lengths, widths, spacing, and the degree of stagger between adjacent elements 24.
  • One variable is the length L of the element 24.
  • the maximum length L of the element 24 is preferably less than about 4 cm and even more preferably less than about 3 cm.
  • the length L is preferably one-half (1/2) cm or greater and most preferably one (1) cm or greater. In any case, L should be less than the amount that would induce electrical arcing. In this general range increasing length L increases microwave reflectance, and decreases both microwave absorbance and transmittance of the modifier 20.
  • width W a width of from about 0.001 inches to about 1.0 inches is preferred; with a width W from about 0.010 inches to about 0.10 being more preferred. In this general range increasing width W decreases microwave reflectance, and increases the wavelength bandwidth response of the modifier 20 which makes the modifier 20 less sensitive to wavelength changes which can be induced by such things as contact with a food load. Additionally, the elongate elements 24 preferably have a L/W ratio of from about 2:1 to about
  • End to end spacing SL is preferably from about 0.010 inches to about 0.100 inches and in this range increasing end to end spacing spacing SL or side to side spacing SW decreases microwave reflectance, increases both microwave absorbance and transmittance of the modifier 20, and decreases the fringe field heating of the intervening portions of dielectric substrate 22.
  • Side to side spacing SW is preferably from about 0.010 inches to about 0.10 inches. Increasing side spacing SW in this range decreases both fringe field heating and shielding.
  • the degree of stagger is preferably about 30% or 35% for maximum shielding and heating for highly conductive coating materials.
  • the coating material variables are the resistivity, shape and size of the conductive particles; and the dielectric properties (i.e., the dielectric constants, loss factors, and dielectric strengths) and surface electrical conductivity of the dried coating material.
  • the surface electrical conductivity of the conductive elements 24 is relatively high as measured in terms of surface resistivity: preferably one-hundred (100) ohms per square or less; more preferably ten (10) ohms per square or less; Still more preferably three (3) ohms per square or less; even more preferably one (1) ohm per square or less; and most preferably one-tenth (0.1) ohm per square or less.
  • Increasing surface electrical conductivity of the elements 24 in this range directly increases microwave reflectance, and decreases microwave transmittance of the modifier 20. Achieving a dried coating having conductivity in the desired ranges identified above is aided by certain features. For example, putting down a sufficient quantity of coating material is important. The more coating material, i.e., the thicker the coating material, the more conductive. Coating material thickness is preferably from about 0.0001 inches to about 0.003 inches and even more preferably from about 0.0005 inches to about 0.002 inches. Also, viscosity of the coating material can be important depending upon the coating process used. The viscosity of the coating material is preferably from about 50 cps to about 7000 cps.
  • the viscosity is preferably from about 100 cps to about 175 cps as measured with a #3 zahn cup.
  • the viscosity should be such that the coating material is suitable for the chosen coating process used; be it painting, spraying, printing, silkscreen printing or rotogravure printing. Achieving the desired viscosity may require the addition of resin, solvents or other additives after the initial mixing of the coating material as is commonly done in printing processes.
  • an undercoating placed on the substrate prior to printing increases conductivity.
  • an overcoating placed over the elements increases conductivity.
  • Conductivity is further increased by using both an undercoating and an overcoating. If binder of the undercoating and/or overcoating uses the same solvent as the binder of the coating material conductivity is increased even further. Consequently, an undercoating or overcoating is used, more preferably an undercoating and an overcoating is used, even more preferably an undercoating or overcoating uses the same solvent as the coating material and most preferably an undercoating and overcoating uses the same solvent as the binder of the coating material. Additionally, an overcoating of Gantrez® AN or Gantrez ® S for example, may be useful to provide an FDA approved barrier.
  • acidic binder additives to the coating material, such as acid complex forming additives. While not intending to be bound it is believed the surface chemistry effects of adsorption may be providing this benefit. The adsorption may allow for closer contact of the metal particles with each other giving rise to better conductivity. Also, it is possible salts are being formed with the oxide making the metal more free for electrical conduction.
  • the electrically conductive particles are preferably less than twenty-five microns in size (i.e., their maximum dimensions); and more preferably less than ten microns in size. Finer particles result in greater coating conductivity for a given weight percent of the particles in a given coating material. Also, a mix of different particle sizes acts to increase surface electrical conductivity for a given weight percent of the particles in a given coating material. Particle aspect ratio --i.e., the ratio of the longest dimension to the shortest dimension of a particle-- is also important.
  • a high aspect ratio (i.e., greater than ten to one) is preferred because it promotes electrical contact between the particles in solidified coating materials, and such conductive particles are more susceptible to microwave heating than particles of smaller aspect ratios. Additionally, particles of higher resistivity will act to decrease surface conductivity of coating materials; and particles having jagged shapes and edges tend to promote electrical contact between conductive particles in a coating material, and will thus tend to increase the surface conductance of the elements 24.
  • a high dielectric loss factor will act to increase dielectric heating (i.e., capacitive heating within the conductive element 24 between conductive particles); a high dielectric strength reduces the tendency to arc; and a high dielectric constant will increase microwave reflectivity and power handling ability.
  • the dielectric properties i.e., the dielectric constants, loss factors, and dielectric strengths
  • a high dielectric constant will function to increase microwave reflectance and power handling capacity; a high dielectric loss factor will act to increase dielectric heating; and high dielectric strength prevents breakdown at higher induced voltages.
  • high dielectric strength reduces the tendency to arc, and thus tends to obviate arc charring of the substrate 22. This protects the modifier 20 from breakdown inasmuch as carbon particles which result from arcing would tend to short circuit the elements across the intervening gaps.
  • any optional overcoating or undercoating which may be applied to separate the modifier from direct contact with the food.
  • a microwave field modifier of the present invention having desired RAT properties follows.
  • the modifier may be tested in a network analyzer to determine the RAT. Also perform an energy competition test to determine the heating ability. Alternatively, this array can be tested in conjunction with an actual food load to determine its performance characteristics.
  • the relative RAT values of microwave field modifiers of present invention may be tailored to meet specific needs of various foodstuffs by selectively varying such parameters as the surface electrical conductance or resistance of the elements; the lengths, widths, spacing, and the degree of stagger between adjacent elements; the resistivity, shape, size, and aspect ratio of the conductive particles; and the dielectric properties (i.e., the dielectric constants, loss factors, and dielectric strengths) of the substrate and/or the dielectric binder.
  • the dielectric properties i.e., the dielectric constants, loss factors, and dielectric strengths
  • An exemplary microwave field modifier of the present invention having relatively high shielding properties and relatively low heating properties can be described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
  • the array is silk screen printed onto twenty point cartonboard using a 109 mesh, 0.0032 inch diameter monofilament polyester silkscreen.
  • the coating material is comprised of about sixty percent by weight of silver particles, and manifest a dried surface resistivity of less than one-half (0.5) ohm per square.
  • Such a coating material can be purchased from Acheson Colloids Company, A
  • the elongate elements 24 are 2 1/2 cm. long, 0.040 inches wide, spaced 0.160 inches end to end, spaced 0.160 inches side to side, and have stagger (pattern offset) OS of about 25%.
  • the pattern may be printed with the elongate elements 24 horizontally on the front side of the substrate 22 and with the elongate elements 24 oriented vertically on the back side of the substrate 22.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary microwave modifier of the present invention having high shielding properties and substantial heating ability can be described with respect to Figures 1 and 2.
  • the heat is primarily generated as a result of fringe field or capacitive heating between the elements 24 due to the relatively high conductivity and the dielectric properties of the coating material components. Some heat, however, is generated by I-squared-R heating of the elements 24 themselves.
  • the surface resistivity of the dried coating material is less than about two ohms per square.
  • the array is silk screen printed onto twenty point cartonboard substrate 22 using a 109 mesh, 0.0032 inch diameter monofilament polyester silkscreen.
  • the coating material used is forty-seven percent (47%) copper and fifty-three percent (53%) acrylic binder system coating material which may be purchased from Acheson Colloids Company, Port Huron, Michigan as Acheson copper Electrodag #437.
  • the array might have an appearance similar to that illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the elongate elements 24 are two (2.0) centimeters long and 0.032 inches wide.
  • the array has an end gap of 0.045 inches, a side gap of 0.027 inches and and offset of 30%.
  • the array is pattern coated onto a twenty point cartonboard substrate 222 using a 109 mesh, 0.0032 inch diameter polyester monofilament or a similar 18-F ultifilament silkscreen.
  • the coating material is comprised of 60% nickel and 40% nitrocellulose by weight.
  • the nickel may be purchased from the Novamet Company of Wyckoff, New Jersey and is identified as Nickel HCA-1 Flakes.
  • the nitrocellulose may be purchased from the General Printing Ink Division, Sun Chemical Corp., Cleveland, Ohio, and is identified as nitro cellulose solution #266-133.
  • the array might have an appearance similar to that illustrated in Figure 4.
  • the elements 224 are seven (7) millimeter squares spaced 0.6 mm apart on all sides. In addition, the elements 224 are offset 50%. Additional exemplary embodiments using various binder systems are provided below:
  • Example 4 This is an exemplary embodiment using a ten percent solution of Mowital ® B30H polyvinylbutyral.
  • a ten percent solution can be obtained by dissolving 5 grams of B30H powder in 45 grams of methanol (methyl alcohol). To this add 75 grams of Novamet nickel; creating a 60% nickel and 40% (10% solid resin) resin solution. Thus, the final solution consists of 75 grams nickel and 50 grams of 10% resin solution.
  • This coating material may then be screen printed in a pattern similar to that of Figure 1. The dimensions of this pattern may be as follows: end gap SL of .045 inches, side gap SW 0.275 inches, length L of .787 inches, width W of .035, and overlap of 31%
  • this coating material is screen printed onto a substrate such as cartonboard which has been pre-coated with a layer of the polyvinylbutyral solution, (i.e., 10% solution in methanol without nickel) by using a doctor blade or a mayer rod the conductivity and the reflectance (R) may be increased.
  • a layer of the polyvinylbutyral solution i.e., 10% solution in methanol without nickel
  • the change in RAT properties may be similar to those of the second sample which has an undercoating.
  • Example 5 This Example uses a twenty percent solution of Gantrez ES-225. A twenty percent solution can be obtained by starting with 20 grams of material as supplied (50% resin and 50% ethanol solvent) This provides 10 grams resin and 10 grams solvent. Add 30 grams of ethanol solvent to the solution; creating a 20% resin and 80% solvent solution. This provides 10 grams resin and 40 grams solvent or 50 grams of total solution. To this add 75 grams of Novamet nickel; creating a 60% nickel and 40% (20% resin) resin solution coating material. Thus the final solution consists of 75 grams nickel and 50 grams of 20% resin solution.
  • This solution is then screen printed or rotogravure printed (with only minor adjustments to viscosity) in a pattern similar to that of Figure 1.
  • the dimensions of this pattern may be as follows: end gap SL of 0.045 inches; side gap SW of 0.0275 inches; length L of 0.787 inches; width W of 0.035 inches; and a stagger of 31%.
  • Example 6 This example uses a ten percent solution of polyvinyl- pyrrolidone.
  • a ten percent solution can be obtained by dissolving 5 grams of polyvinylpyrrolidone powder in 45 grams of methanol (methyl alcohol). To this add 75 grams of Novamet nickel; creating a 60% nickel and 40% (10% solid resin) resin solution. Thus, the final solution consists of 75 grams nickel and 50 grams of 10% resin solution.
  • This solution may then be screen printed in a pattern similar to that of Figure 1. The dimensions of this pattern may be as follows: end gap SL of .045 inches, side gap SW 0.275 inches, length L of .787 inches, width W of .035 inches and overlap of 31%.
  • Example 7 This Example uses a 5.4 percent solution of ethyl cellulose.
  • a 5.4 percent solution can be obtained by starting with 2.2 grams of ethyl cellulose resin.
  • an anti-settling agent such as Bentone SD2 which is available from National Lead Chemicals, Hightstown, New Jersey.
  • Bentone SD2 which is available from National Lead Chemicals, Hightstown, New Jersey.
  • a modifier such as Uni-Rez 7055 (fumaric-acid modified rosin ester binder), available from Union Camp Corp., Wayne, New Jersey; and 1.8 grams of a plasticizer such as Herculon D (hydrogenated methyl ester of rosin), available from Hercules Chemical Corp, Wilmington, Delaware.
  • This solution is then screen printed or rotogravure printed (with only minor adjustments to viscosity) in a pattern similar to that of Figure 1.
  • the dimensions of this pattern may be as follows: end gap SL of 0.045 inches; side gap SW of 0.0275 inches; length L of 0.787 inches; width W of 0.035 inches; and a stagger of 31%.
  • microwave field modifiers of the present invention can be used for example, in packages for heating, baking, cooking, etc., various food items.
  • a package 130 having microwave field modifiers printed thereon for baking a cupcake batter product is illustrated.
  • the carton 130 includes eight commercially available metalized- thin film susceptor cups 54 which may be obtained from IVEX Corporation, Newton, MA, into which the batter is divided.
  • the cups 54 may alternatively be comprised of a microwave field modifier of the present invention which is designed to heat. These cups 54 are filled with batter 52 and placed in an annular orientation around a centrally located spacer 55 which also is used as a measuring cup.
  • the side walls 41, 42, 43 and 44 of the carton 30 base are printed with a microwave field modifier 420 which included elements 24 which may be similar to the elements 24 of the modifier 20 of Example 1.
  • the inner surface of the side wall 41, 42, 43 and 44 has an array of elongate elements 24 running horizontally and the outer surface of the side wall 41, 42, 43 and 44 has an identical array of elongate elements 24 oriented vertically.
  • This modifier 420 provides a shield around the sides to slow down baking at the edges and to even out the baking.
  • a second modifier 220 is printed on the inner surface of the lid 35 of the package 30.
  • This may be a modifier 220 such as Example 3 and Figure 4 but for the elements 224 being orthoganally aligned.
  • This modifier 220 generates a significant amount of heat which browns the surface of the cupcakes and helps give them the traditional domed top appearance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

Modificateur de champ de micro-ondes à configuration (20) destiné à être utilisé dans des fours à micro-ondes et qui peut être indépendant ou être intégré, par exemple, dans des matériaux d'emballage, de conditionnement ou de conservation ou dans de la vaisselle durable ou jetable. Ledit modificateur peut constituer un substrat diélectrique (22) ayant une pluralité de zones de surface discrètes recouvertes d'un matériau de revêtement électriquement conducteur (24) de manière à former des éléments électriquement conducteurs discrets, lesquels éléments discrets sur une surface donnée sont disposés selon un arrangement prédéterminé. Lesdits éléments sont de préférence allongés et l'arrangement constitue de préférence une pluralité de rangées d'éléments alignés de façon linéaire, lesdites rangées étant disposées parallèlement et lesdits éléments de rangées adjacentes étant disposés en quinconce. On forme les éléments électriquement conducteurs de préférence en imprimant un matériau de revêtement de type encre électriquenent conducteur sur le substrat diélectrique. Les valeurs relatives de réflectance, d'absorbance et de transmission de la puissance des micro-ondes desdits modificateurs de champ de micro-ondes peuvent être adaptées aux besoins spécifiques en modifiant la conductance électrique de surface desdits éléments; la longueur, la largeur, l'espacement et le degré de quinconce entre des éléments adjacents; la résistivité, la forme, la taille et le rapport d'allongement des particules électriquement conductrices du matériau de revêtement; ainsi que les propriétés diélectriques du substrat et/ou des autres constituants du matériau de revêtement.
PCT/US1991/005335 1990-08-16 1991-07-29 Modificateur de champ de micro-ondes a revetement a configuration dote d'elements electriquement conducteurs discrets WO1992003357A1 (fr)

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US56810290A 1990-08-16 1990-08-16
US568,102 1990-08-16
US61432490A 1990-11-15 1990-11-15
US614,324 1990-11-15

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995019926A1 (fr) * 1994-01-25 1995-07-27 Advanced Deposition Technologies, Inc. Suscepteur pour micro-ondes a fusibles
WO1997011010A1 (fr) * 1995-09-18 1997-03-27 Beckett Technologies Corp. Recipient pour micro-ondes
US5747086A (en) * 1993-09-24 1998-05-05 Unilever Patent Holdings B.V. Method of cooking a food product using a mode filtering structure
WO2012163760A1 (fr) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-06 Nestec S.A. Suscepteurs à micro-ondes très conducteurs
US9630206B2 (en) 2005-05-12 2017-04-25 Innovatech, Llc Electrosurgical electrode and method of manufacturing same

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0223253A2 (fr) * 1985-11-20 1987-05-27 Toyo Aluminium Kabushiki Kaisha Feuille d'emballage et récipient et sac utilisant cette feuille
WO1989004585A1 (fr) * 1987-11-10 1989-05-18 The Pillsbury Company Dispositif sensible aux micro-ondes et combine a une grille pour un emballage pour four a micro-ondes
US4962293A (en) * 1989-09-18 1990-10-09 Dunmore Corporation Microwave susceptor film to control the temperature of cooking foods

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0223253A2 (fr) * 1985-11-20 1987-05-27 Toyo Aluminium Kabushiki Kaisha Feuille d'emballage et récipient et sac utilisant cette feuille
WO1989004585A1 (fr) * 1987-11-10 1989-05-18 The Pillsbury Company Dispositif sensible aux micro-ondes et combine a une grille pour un emballage pour four a micro-ondes
US4962293A (en) * 1989-09-18 1990-10-09 Dunmore Corporation Microwave susceptor film to control the temperature of cooking foods

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5747086A (en) * 1993-09-24 1998-05-05 Unilever Patent Holdings B.V. Method of cooking a food product using a mode filtering structure
WO1995019926A1 (fr) * 1994-01-25 1995-07-27 Advanced Deposition Technologies, Inc. Suscepteur pour micro-ondes a fusibles
WO1997011010A1 (fr) * 1995-09-18 1997-03-27 Beckett Technologies Corp. Recipient pour micro-ondes
US9630206B2 (en) 2005-05-12 2017-04-25 Innovatech, Llc Electrosurgical electrode and method of manufacturing same
US10463420B2 (en) 2005-05-12 2019-11-05 Innovatech Llc Electrosurgical electrode and method of manufacturing same
US11246645B2 (en) 2005-05-12 2022-02-15 Innovatech, Llc Electrosurgical electrode and method of manufacturing same
WO2012163760A1 (fr) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-06 Nestec S.A. Suscepteurs à micro-ondes très conducteurs
US9049751B1 (en) 2011-05-31 2015-06-02 Nestec S.A. Highly conductive microwave susceptors

Also Published As

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NZ239399A (en) 1995-04-27
CA2048353A1 (fr) 1992-02-17
JPH05509434A (ja) 1993-12-22
MX9100667A (es) 1992-04-01
AU8294891A (en) 1992-03-17
EP0543839A1 (fr) 1993-06-02

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